2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號12

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealties.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,policymakers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirsnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutedtheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback-aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen-andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent-andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance-havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

1.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat（）

2.AsaresultofPresentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill（）

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.

B.theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.

C.theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.

D.theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ahighersenseofsecurity.

B.lesschancetoinvest.

C.lesssecuredpayments.

D.aguaranteedfuture.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.helpreducethecostofhealthcare.

B.popularizeamongthemiddleclass.

C.increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.

D.compensateforthereducedpensions.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.

B.financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.

C.themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenge.

D.financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheMiddleClassontheAlert

B.TheMiddleClassinConflict

C.TheMiddleClassontheCliff.

D.TheMiddleClassinRuins.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問“現(xiàn)如今這種雙收入家庭面臨更大財(cái)務(wù)危險(xiǎn)的原因”。由原文前兩段可知：由于經(jīng)濟(jì)原因，現(xiàn)在夫妻雙方都要出去找工作。而以前，妻子一般在家操持家務(wù)，即使丈夫萬一生病或失業(yè)了，妻子也可以出去找工作幫助家庭度過難關(guān)。但現(xiàn)在這種備選方案無用了，因此雙收入家庭更容易受到家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的影響。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第三段可知，在去年的大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，布什總統(tǒng)一直致力于將社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)體制轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N儲蓄存款賬戶模式，要求退休人員將大多數(shù)或全部有保障的收入變成必須依靠投資收益的收入，對年輕家庭來說情況也好不到哪去。醫(yī)療的絕對費(fèi)用和家庭必須承擔(dān)的份額都在上升。所以，退休人員的可靠收入可能更少。故本題正確選項(xiàng)為C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第三段“...newlyfashionablehealth-savingplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare”可知，醫(yī)療費(fèi)用節(jié)約計(jì)劃將增加家庭投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，可判斷C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)在原文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。原文提到這個(gè)計(jì)劃正在從上層立法院大廳到底層沃爾瑪超市員工之間廣泛開展，但并不能得出在中產(chǎn)階級中間得以推廣，故B項(xiàng)不正確。因此本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問由最后一段可以看出什么。由最后一句“Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.”可知，作者認(rèn)為（美國）經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)開始滑落，那政治上的滑落應(yīng)該也不遠(yuǎn)了。因此可以推斷，作者認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)問題可能會(huì)引發(fā)政治問題。故本題正確答案為B。

5.主旨判斷題。題干詢問哪一項(xiàng)最適合作為文章題目。文章第一段介紹了中產(chǎn)階層可能在幾個(gè)月之內(nèi)衰敗成一個(gè)新的貧困家庭，后文隨即介紹了造成這種現(xiàn)狀的原因，所以本文主要講述的是中產(chǎn)階級面臨窮困問題的現(xiàn)象。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

2.單選題

This（）tothestudyofdiseasesistechnicallyreferredtoasepidemiological.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.method

B.solution

C.means

D.approach

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。由句意可知，tothestudyofdiseases修飾空缺處的名詞，A、C、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“方法，方式”，但是只有approach可以與to搭配表示“.…..的方法”，method和means后不接to。solution表示“解決方案”，與句意不符，可排除。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)?！揪湟狻窟@種疾病研究方法在技術(shù)上稱之為流行病學(xué)法。

3.單選題

Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.Itcanexistbetweentwoanimals,betweentwoplants,orbetweenaplantandananimal.Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes,whileinmutualismbothpartnersliveonagive-and-takebasis.

IntheAfricanwilds,thezebraandtheostrichenjoyasymbioticrelationshipthatenhancestheabilityoftheselargelandanimalstosurvive.Bothserveaspreyforthelion,andneitherhasthecapabilityalonetowithstandanattackfromthisfiercehunter.However,whenthezebraandtheostrichcollaborateintheirdefensebyalertingeachothertopossibledangerfromanapproachingpredator,thelionisrarelyabletocapturemorethantheoldestorfeeblestoftheherd.Thecomplementaryphysicalstrengthsandweaknessesoftheostrichandthezebraallowthemtoworkincoordinationtoavoidsuccumbingtothelion.Theostrich,thelargestflightlessbirdintheworld,possessesgreatspeedandkeeneyesight,whichenableittospotlargepredatoryanimalslongbeforetheyareabletopositionthemselvestoattack.Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.Whenostrichesandzebraintermixforgrazing,eachanimalbenefitsfromtheabilityoftheothertodetectapproachingdanger.Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.

1.Choosethedrawingthatdescribesacommensaliststate.

2.Thedifferencebetweenmutualismandcommensalismisthat（）.

3.Inparagraph2,theWord"that"refersto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingdrawingdescribeswhathappenswhenalionapproachesazebraandanostrich?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.commensalismisatwo-sidedstate.

B.thepartnersliveonagive-and-takebasisinmutualism.

C.thehostgiveswhiletheguesttakesinmutualism.

D.mutualismoccursbetweentwosimilarorganisms;however,commensalism,twounlikeorganisms.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.runningspeed

B.strength

C.weakness

D.eyesight

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.

B.

C.

D.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thezebraoftenoffersmorehelpthantheostrichtodetecttheattackofthelion.

B.thezebraandtheostricharecomplementaryintheirabilitiesofavoidingbeingattackedby

C.boththezebraandtheostrichpossessgreatspeedandkeeneyesight.

D.withgreatspeed,thezebraandtheostrichrunfasterthananypredator.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes…”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)并不相同，因?yàn)槠采且环N單向狀態(tài)，即宿主給予，寄生物索取。由此可知B項(xiàng)“宿主→寄生物”表述正確，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問哪一項(xiàng)符合互利共生和偏利共生的區(qū)別。根據(jù)原文第一段“Mutualismisatypeofsymbiosisthatoccurswhentwounlikeorganismslivetogetherinastatethatismutuallybeneficial.”可知，互利共生是一種共生關(guān)系，當(dāng)兩個(gè)不同的有機(jī)體生活在一種互惠的狀態(tài)時(shí)就會(huì)發(fā)生。根據(jù)后文敘述的“Mutualismisunlikethesymbioticstateofcommensalisminthatcommensalismisaone-sidedstateinwhichahostgivesandaguesttakes...”可知，互利共生與偏利共生的共生狀態(tài)是不同的，偏利共生是一種單向的狀態(tài)，即宿主給予而寄生物索取。由此可知A項(xiàng)“偏利共生是一種雙向狀態(tài)”表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“靠彼此相互給予和索取合伙共生”表述正確；C項(xiàng)“在互利共生中，宿主給予而寄生物索取”表述錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“互利共生發(fā)生在兩種類似的生物之間，而偏利共生卻發(fā)生于兩種不同的生物之間”與原文不符。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Thezebra,witharunningspeedequaltothatoftheostrich,hasexcellenthearingandagoodsenseofsmellbutlacksthesharpeyesightoftheostrich.”可知，斑馬的奔跑速度與鴕鳥相當(dāng)，聽覺和嗅覺都很好，但缺乏鴕鳥敏銳的視力。由此可知這里的that指代“runningspeed（奔跑速度）”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)strength表示“力量”；C項(xiàng)weakness表示“弱點(diǎn)”；D項(xiàng)eyesight表示“視力”。

4.理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Ifeitheranimalsensesdanger,bothanimalsarealertedandtakeoff.Withtherunningspeedthatbothoftheseanimalspossess,theyareabletooutrunanypredatorexceptthecheetah.”可知，如果兩者（即斑馬和鴕鳥）中任一種動(dòng)物覺察到危險(xiǎn)，那么兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。因此，本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段可知，斑馬和鴕鳥屬于互利共生的關(guān)系，它們都是獅子的獵物，都沒有能力獨(dú)自抵抗獅子的攻擊，所以它們要進(jìn)行協(xié)同防御，提醒對方可能有危險(xiǎn)。如果兩者中任一種動(dòng)物覺察到危險(xiǎn)，那么這兩種動(dòng)物都會(huì)警覺起來并迅速奔跑。憑借這兩種動(dòng)物的奔跑速度，它們能夠超越獵豹以外的任何捕食者。由此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥在躲避攻擊的能力上是互補(bǔ)的”表述正確。而A項(xiàng)“在發(fā)現(xiàn)獅子的攻擊時(shí)，斑馬往往比鴕鳥提供更多的幫助”；C項(xiàng)“斑馬和鴕鳥都有極快的速度和敏銳的視力”以及D項(xiàng)“由于有非?？斓乃俣?，斑馬和鴕鳥跑得比任何食肉動(dòng)物都快”均與原文不符，可排除。

4.單選題

It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquire

B.result

C.obtain

D.derive

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)acquire表示“獲得，取得”；B選項(xiàng)result表示“結(jié)果，導(dǎo)致”；C選項(xiàng)obtain表示“獲得，取得”；D選項(xiàng)derive表示“源于，得自”。根據(jù)句意可知，很多流行的英語表達(dá)實(shí)際上來自圣經(jīng)。因此，本題選擇D項(xiàng)最符合句意。

5.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal（

）forlivingexpenses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通常，一個(gè)學(xué)生花在住房上的費(fèi)用應(yīng)控制在可支配生活費(fèi)總額的五分之一以內(nèi)。

考查形容詞辨析。acceptable可接受的，令人滿意的；available可獲得的，可購得的，有空的；advisable明智的，可取的；applicable適用的，可實(shí)施的。故B符合句意。

6.單選題

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)nutrition表示“營養(yǎng)；營養(yǎng)學(xué)；營養(yǎng)品”；B選項(xiàng)expenditure表示“支出，花費(fèi)；經(jīng)費(fèi)，消費(fèi)額”；C選項(xiàng)routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D選項(xiàng)provision表示“規(guī)定；條款；準(zhǔn)備；供應(yīng)品”。根據(jù)句意可知，食物在每個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算中都是主要的支出，因此B選項(xiàng)最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B。

7.單選題

ThefamousmovieTitanic（）itsaudience.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtintermswith

B.touchedachordin

C.hadconfidencein

D.hadatastefor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)thinkintermswith表示“結(jié)合……思考”；B選項(xiàng)touchachordin表示“觸動(dòng)……的心弦”；C選項(xiàng)haveconfidencein表示“對……有信心”；D選項(xiàng)haveatastefor表示“對……感興趣；愛好……”。根據(jù)“Titanic”（《泰坦尼克號》）可知，這部電影應(yīng)當(dāng)是觸動(dòng)了觀眾的心弦，故B項(xiàng)最符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

8.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

AccordingtothetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,we’llofficiallywelcometheYearoftheHorsefollowingthearrivalofSpringFestival.

Thehorsehasplayedanimportantrotethroughouthumanhistoryallovertheworld.Horseswereusedforthousandsofyearsasameansoftransport,aweaponofwarandaplougheroffields,butthehorsewasmorethanjustavehicle—ithadmorecharacterthanacar,atankoratractor.IntheMiddleAgesinWesternsocieties,thehorsewasasymbolofchivalry（騎士精神）andnobility.Infact,theword‘‘chivalry’，coinesfrom“cheval”inOldFrench,whichmeanthorse.Theideaofchivalryhelpedtofashionthe19th-centuryconceptofthe“gentleman”，whichwasrelatedtocourtesy,courageandloyaltytofriends.Nowadays,becauseofeconomicdevelopment,peopleinModemsocietiesarelesslikelytoseeorridehorses.Peoplelivingincities,inparticular,hardlyeverexperiencehorsesexceptthroughmovies,paintingsorbooks.

Besidestheirphysicalstrengths,horseshavepowerfulbrains.Maybethat’swhytheChineseidiomsays:“Anoldhorsenevergetslost”.Sincethehorseishonoredasasymbolofvigor,loyalty,persistenceandintelligence,peoplebomintheYearoftheHorsearesaidtosharesuchgoodqualities.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

中國作為文明古國，同樣有著輝煌的城市發(fā)展史。中國的城市也具有自身特色。改革開放30多年來，中國工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化(urbanization)步伐明顯加快，城鎮(zhèn)居民從1.7億人增加到近7億人，形成了一批有重要影響與發(fā)展活力的城市群，促進(jìn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步。城市化對經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、文化都有巨大而深遠(yuǎn)的影響。面向未來，中國致力于推動(dòng)科學(xué)發(fā)展，加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式，把城鎮(zhèn)化作為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重大戰(zhàn)略。

【答案】A.

按照中國農(nóng)歷，隨著春節(jié)的到來，我們將正式迎來馬年。

在世界各國，馬在人類歷史上都扮演著舉足輕重的角色。數(shù)千年來，馬被用作運(yùn)輸工具、戰(zhàn)爭武器以及犁地農(nóng)具。但其實(shí)，馬不僅僅是一種交通工具，其地位要遠(yuǎn)超汽車、坦克和拖拉機(jī)。在中世紀(jì)的西方社會(huì)，馬是騎士精神和貴族的象征。實(shí)際上，騎士精神chivalry—詞來源于古法語中的“馬(cheval)”。在騎士精祌的推動(dòng)下，19世紀(jì)代表禮貌、勇氣和真誠的“紳士粘祌”成為一種風(fēng)尚。如今，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的人很少看到馬或騎馬。尤其是城市中的人們，除了通過電影、繪畫和書籍，幾乎沒有接觸過馬。

馬除了健壯的體魄外，還擁有強(qiáng)大的頭腦，這或許就是成語“老馬識途”的由來吧。馬是活力、忠誠、毅力和智慧的象征，因此傳說屬馬之人也具備這些優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。

B.

China,acountrywithanancientcivilization,alsohasaproudhistoryofurbandevelopment.Chinesecitiesarealsouniqueintheirownways.Sincethelaunchingofreformandopening-upprogramover30yearsago,Chinahasquickenedthepaceofindustrializationandurbanization,withurbanpopulationincreasingfrom170milliontosome700million.Theemergenceofanumberofcityclusterswithstronginfluenceanddynamismfordevelopmenthasboostedeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Urbanizationhasatremendousandprofoundimpactoneconomy,societyandculture.Goingforward,Chinawillpursuedevelopmentinascientificway,accelerateshiftofthegrowthmodelandtakeurbanizationasanimportantstrategyforpromotingmodernization.

9.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow."Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,"saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaround5%ayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85%ofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwould'vehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension（）.

2.Iftheretiree'spensionislessthan$5,000,itiswiseofhimto（）.

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.askthecompanyforalump-sumpayout

B.requirehisformerbosstofigureoutthevalueofhispension

C.takethepensionwithhimandmakeaprofitoutofit

D.collectthepensionathisretirementplan'snormalretirementage

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.earnlessinterest

B.bebetteroilthanwithatraditionalpension

C.startinvestmentimmediately

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed

B.LeaveEarly,LoseBig

C.TheRetirementDilemma

D.TakethePensionwithYou

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlostbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned—andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow以及第二段Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.可知，如果你之前的工作有傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老金，那么退休之后你就得到一筆一定數(shù)目的養(yǎng)老金。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：如果退休人員的養(yǎng)老金賬戶不足5000美元，他怎么做會(huì)比較明智。根據(jù)原文第二段Ifit’slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsat8%interestis$23,000可知，如果少于5000美元，或者公司提供一次性支付，那么就會(huì)關(guān)閉養(yǎng)老金賬戶，把錢取出來做20年額投資，以8%的利率計(jì)算就是23000美元。由此可知C選項(xiàng)“拿著養(yǎng)老金（投資）賺取利潤”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.可知，如果你有固定繳款計(jì)劃，而你提前退休了，那么問題就出現(xiàn)了。你開始把錢花在本可以賺取利息的投資項(xiàng)目上。后面舉例說明：如果你在55歲時(shí)退休，然后開始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金，那么到65歲時(shí)，你的養(yǎng)老金只有你一直工作到65歲時(shí)的一半左右。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)“賺得的利息變少”最符合題意，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問：下列哪一項(xiàng)適合作為最后三段的小標(biāo)題？分析原文可知，文章最后三段主要講的是提前退休與養(yǎng)老金的關(guān)系，過早退休開始使用養(yǎng)老金，會(huì)比工作到正常退休年齡損失大。因此，B選項(xiàng)“提前退休，損失巨大”最適合作為最后三段的標(biāo)題，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。題干詢問：下列哪一項(xiàng)表述不正確？選項(xiàng)B表示“如果一個(gè)人了解退休養(yǎng)老汁劃的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，那么提前退休是劃算的”明顯錯(cuò)誤，由最后一段可知，提前退休會(huì)造成養(yǎng)老金減少，所以提前退休損失很大。其余選項(xiàng)與原文表述均相符，故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

10.單選題

Don’tthisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.relieve

B.release

C.relate

D.inform

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)relieve表示“解除，減輕”；B選項(xiàng)release表示“釋放，發(fā)布”；C選項(xiàng)relate表示“涉及，關(guān)聯(lián)，認(rèn)同”；D選項(xiàng)inform表示“通知，告訴”。根據(jù)句意可知，在得到許可前切勿向大眾發(fā)布消息。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（

）thesamecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchworse

B.lesslikely

C.allelse

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】句意:據(jù)報(bào)道，如今越來越少的工人愿意一輩子從事一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的工作，更不用說在一個(gè)公司了。

考查短語辨析。muchworse更糟糕的是;lesslikely最不可能的是;allelse其他一切；letalone更不用說。故D符合句意。

12.單選題

Theshipisequippedwithspecialrefrigeratingdevicesto（）foodforthewholevoyage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.conserve

B.reserve

C.preserve

D.maintain

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)conserve表示“保存，儲藏”；B選項(xiàng)reserve表示“預(yù)定，儲備”；C選項(xiàng)preserve表示“保存，保護(hù)，維持”；D選項(xiàng)maintain表示“維持，保持”。根據(jù)句意“船上裝載了特殊的冰箱設(shè)備來（

）食物以保證整個(gè)航行的需要”可知，conserve更符合句意，因此本題正確答案為A。

13.單選題

We'llvisitEuropenextyear（）wehaveenoughmoney.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.lest

B.provided

C.unless

D.until

【答案】B

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)lest“唯恐，以免”；B選項(xiàng)provided“倘若，假如”；C選項(xiàng)unless“除非”；D選項(xiàng)until“直到...”。句意：如果我們有足夠的錢，明年我們就去歐洲。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Thepolicemenwentintoaction（

）theyheardthealarm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.promptly

B.directly

C.quickly

D.presently

【答案】B

【解析】句意:警察一聽到警報(bào)就馬上行動(dòng)了起來。

語法題?？疾檫B詞。分析題干可知,此處需填入連詞連接前后句子。只有B項(xiàng)directly能夠作連詞，表示“一…就…”。

15.單選題

Generally,promptcoolingandproperrefrigerationoffoodscanhold（

）bacteriainfoodstoasafelevel.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anumberof

B.thenumberof

C.anamountof

D.aquantityof

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一般來說，迅速冷卻并經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)睦洳?，食物中的?xì)菌量會(huì)被控制在安全范圍內(nèi)。

考查短語辨析。anumberof若干，許多;thenumberof…的數(shù)量;anamountof總量”通常與不可數(shù)、無生命的名詞連用；aquantityof一些。故B符合句意。

16.單選題

Thiswasthe（）whenanti-globalizationprotesterstooktothestreetsduringtheWorldEconomicForumatDavosinJanuary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scene

B.sight

C.view

D.vision

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)scene表示“場面，場景，事件”；B選項(xiàng)sight表示“視力，景象，眼界”；C選項(xiàng)view表示“觀察，視野，意見”；D選項(xiàng)vision表示“視力，美景，幻想”。空缺處名詞作when引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞，只有scene“情景，場景”合適，故本題正確答案為A?！揪湟狻拷衲?月，反全球化抗議者在達(dá)沃斯世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇期間走上街頭，這就是當(dāng)時(shí)的情景。

17.單選題

Throughtheyears,ourviewofwhatleadershipisandwhocanexerciseithaschangedconsiderably.Leadershipcompetencieshaveremainedconstant,butourunderstandingofwhatitis,howitworks,andthewaysinwhichpeoplelearntoapplyithasshifted.Wedohavethebeginningofageneraltheoryofleadership,fromhistoryandsocialresearchandaboveallfromthethoughtsofreflectivepractitionerssuchasMoses,JuliusCaesar,andJamesMadison,andinourowntimefromsuchdisparatesourcesofwisdomasGandhi,WinstonChurchill,MaoTse-tung,andHenryKissinger,whohaveverylittleincommonexceptthattheyhavenotbeentherebuttriedwithsomefairnesstospeculateonpaperaboutit.

Buttalesandreflectiveobservationarenotenoughexcepttoconvinceusthatleadersarephysicallystrongandabnormallyhardworkers.Todaywearealittleclosertounderstandinghowandwhopeoplelead,butitwasn'teasygettingthere.Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.

Neverhavesomanylaboredsolongtosaysolittle.Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist,eachprovidingafragmentofinsightbuteachremaininganincompleteandwhollyinadequateexplanation.Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother,andmanyofthemwouldseemquiteremotetotheleaderswhoseskillsarebeingexamined.Definitionsreflectfashions,politicaltidesandacademictrends.Theydon'talwaysreflectrealityandsometimestheyjustrepresentnonsense.It'sasifwhatBraqueoncesaidaboutartisalsotrueofleadership:"Theonlythingthatmattersinartisthepartthatcannotbeexplained."

Manytheoriesofleadershiphavecomeandgone.Somelookedattheleader.Somelookedatthesituation.Nonehasstoodthetestoftime.Withsuchatrackrecord,itisunderstandablewhyleadershipresearchandtheoryhavebeensofrustratingastodeservethelabel"thelaBreaTarPits"oforganizationalinquiry.LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.

1.Severalbignamesarementionedinthefirstparagraphmainlytoshowtheir（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,people'sopinionsofleadershipareonthewholequite（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthat（）.

4."ThelaBreaTarPits"probablysignifiesthingsthat（）.

5.Thispassageismainlyconcernedwith（）?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differentstylesofleadership

B.effectiveexerciseofleadership

C.contributionstothetheoryofleadership

D.wisdominapplyingthetheoryofleadership

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.divided

B.original

C.misleading

D.sophisticated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.manypeoplehavelaboredtobeleaders

B.leadersarebeyondourunderstanding

C.theessenceofleadershiphasnotbeengrasped

D.thedefinitionsofleadershipshouldvary

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.canbetracedbacktotheprehistoricage

B.aretrapsforthosewhowanttoinquire

C.arelocatedinoneplaceforever

D.don'tdeservefullinvestigation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theinaccuratedefinitionsofleadership

B.thefamousleadersandtheirtheories

C.thechangesinthetrendofleadership

D.theinconsistenttheoriesofleadership

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢問：第一段中提到這幾位偉人的名字是為了表明什么？根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段，由第一段最后一句可知，我們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的初識源于歷史和社會(huì)的研究，尤其是從反思性實(shí)踐者的思想而來，譬如摩西、凱撒大帝和詹姆斯?麥迪遜；在我們自己的時(shí)代就來源于甘地、溫斯頓?丘吉爾、毛澤東和亨利?基辛格等人的截然不同的思想。由此可知，第一段提及多位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的目的，是想表明他們對于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力理論的貢獻(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案選C。

2.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問：作者認(rèn)為，人們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的看法總體上是怎樣的。根據(jù)原文第三段Multipleinterpretationsofleadershipexist...以及Mostofthesedefinitionsdon'tagreewitheachother可知，人們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力存在多種解釋并且大多數(shù)的定義都不一致。因此，作者認(rèn)為人們對于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的觀點(diǎn)是分化的，故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由原文第二段Decadesofacademicanalysishavegivenusmorethan350definitionsofleadership.Literallythousandsofempiricalinvestigationsofleadershavebeenconductedinthelast75yearsalone,butnoclearunderstandingexistsastowhatdistinguishesleadersfromnon-leaders,andperhapsmoreimportant,whatdistinguisheseffectiveleadersfromineffectiveleadersandeffectiveorganizationsfromineffectiveorganizations.可知，幾十年的學(xué)術(shù)分析為我們提供了350多種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的定義。僅在過去的75年里，人們就對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行了成千上萬的實(shí)證研究，但對于如何區(qū)分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和非領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，或許更重要的是如何區(qū)分有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和無效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，以及有效的組織和無效的組織，卻沒有明確的認(rèn)識。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的本質(zhì)還沒有被掌握”符合題意，故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

4.詞匯題。將thelaBreaTarPits定位到原文最后一段，由后文信息LocatedinLosAngeles,theseasphaltpitshousetheremainsofalongsequenceofprehistoricanimalsthatcametoinvestigatebutneverleftthearea.可知，這些瀝青坑位于洛杉磯，里面存放著一長串史前動(dòng)物的遺骸，這些動(dòng)物前來調(diào)查，但從未離開過這個(gè)地區(qū)。由此可知，這些瀝青坑是那些想要問問題的人的陷阱。故本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段講述了多年來，我們對什么是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以及誰能行使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職能的看法發(fā)生了很大變化；第二段雖然我們對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的認(rèn)識有了更進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識，但是這樣的研究還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠；最后兩段講了關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的解釋五花八門，但這些解釋都不充分且互相抵觸，許多理論都只是暫時(shí)的，經(jīng)不住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。由此可知，文章主要闡述的是對于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的理論不一致，故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Ahealthytradingsystemrequiresthatcountriesbebotheagerexportersandimporters.Ifnationsdon’tspendwhattheyearnabroad—orifweakeconomiesmakethemweakimporters-thenthetradingsystemwillcollapse.Thatistoday’sproblem.

Wherewillfuturetradeexpansioncomefrom?Europeseemsadoubtfulcandidate.Withfeebleeconomicgrowth,itwon’tbuyalotmoreexports.LatinAmericaisinasimilarposition.Manybigcountries(Argentina,Brazil)aresoburdenedbydebtthattheirgrowthishobbledandtheystriveforexportsurpluses-earningpreciousdollars-torepaytheirinternationalloans.AsforAfrica,it’ssopoorthatithardlymattersinglobaltrade.

Well,whataboutAsia?Itoughttosavetheglobaltradingsystem,butitmaydojusttheopposite.Thesecountriesareferociousexporters;theyseemtostriveforpermanenttradesurplusesandhoardtheirexcessexportearnings.Considerwhat’shappenedtotheirforeignexchangereserves.Since1996,theforeignexchangereservesofsomemajorAsiancountrieshavejumpedfromabout$500billiontomorethan$1.3trillion.Thesefundsaretypicallyleftinsafeinvestments,suchasU.S.Tr