2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號45

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-黑龍江大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Jobhuntingisnevereasy,butwhatifdatacouldbeusedtomaketheprocessalittlelessstressful?CompaniessuchasLinkedinandMholdvastamountsofinformationonpeople’sprofessionallives,butthereisoneorganizationthatsurpassesthemall:thefederalgovernment.Althoughrichandcomprehensive,governmentlabordatacanoftenbehardtoaccess,boundbynettapeandcloakedinjargon.

“Withtoday’stechnologies,wecandoalotmoretobuildopendatasetsforskills,”saidAneeshChopra,theWhileHouse’sfirstchieftechnologyofficerandfounderofArlington-basedstart-upHunchAnalytics.Duringhistenure,Chopra’sroleinvolvedmakinggovernmentdatamoreaccessible.It’samissionhehascontinuedafterhisdeparture,assemblingabandofpublicofficials,techentrepreneursandthink-tankanalystswhosefocusisfirmlyonthelabormarket.

ArobusteconomicrecoverytemperedbyflatwageshasreinforcedtheneedtoconnectAmericanswithhigher-payingtechnologyjobs,accordingtotheWhiteHouse.ThatwastherationalebehindthePresident’snewinitiative,announcedlastweek,totrainandhireAmericansformorethan500,000unfilledinformationtechnologyjobsthroughpartnershipswithlocalcommunities.

“There’snotastandard,real-time,modernwaytoidentifyalltheskillsoureconomyneedsinplaytoday.Workforceandtalentplannershaveadauntingjobinensuringtheyhaveaready-nowworkforce,sothemoredatatheycanget,thebetterinformedtheyare.”saidLeighanneLevensaler,seniorvicepresidentofproductsatWorkday,ahumanresourcessoftwarecompanythatwasinvolvedintheproject.

TheclosestthingtoastandardnationaldatabaseistheLaborDepartment’sOccupationalInformationnetworkWebsite,knownasO*Net.Builtinthe1990s,thesitecompilesdataonmorethan900occupations,withdetailsaboutjobskills,averagecompensationandasearchtooltofindjobsbystate.Butalthoughthesiteiscontinuallyupdated,ithasbeenslowtokeeppacewiththechangingjobmarket,accordingtoCopraandLevensaler.

ApushtomodernizeO*Netisthegroup’snextbigundertaking.ThePresident’s2016budgetproposalincludesa$5millionrequesttostudyandtestapproachesmodernizeandpotentiallystreamlinedatacollectionforO*Net.Themeasureseeksto“provideup-to-datecoverageofoccupationsandskills,particularlyforhigh-growth,changingindustries.”Chopraconvenedaroundtableofgovernmentofficials,academicsandprivate-sectorexecutiveslastmonthtodiscussmeasurestoimproveO*Net.WorkdayandLinkedInareamongthecompaniesinterestedintheeffort—whichisstillataconceptualstage,Choprasaid.

Toopen-dataadvocatessuchasChopra,there’snobettertimetoharnessthepowerofinformationfortheeconomy.“Noonecompany,nomatterhowamazingtheyare,hasthecapacitytogeteveryemployerinAmericatoopenuptheirskillsdataforeveryjobposting,”hesaid,“Thegovernmenthasthecapacitytoconvenestakeholderstoopenupthedata.”

1.Inwhatrespectisthecompanydatabaseinferiortothatoffederalgovernment?

2.ThepassageimpliesthatAneeshChopra（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldLeighannebemostlikelytoagreewith?

4.WecaninferfromthepassagethatO*Net（

）.

5.Inthelastparagraph,Chopraemphasizes（

）.

問題1選項

A.Amplitude

B.Accessibility

C.Integrity

D.Authority

問題2選項

A.servesastheWhiteHouse’schieftechnologyofficer

B.setsupacompanyonthebasisofgovernmentdata

C.stickstotheimprovementofgovernmentdatasets

D.hiresagroupofexpertsonbehalfofthegovernment

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldissueinformationabouthigher-payingvacancies.

B.Itisimpossibletoincludeallkindsofprofessionalskillsindatabase.

C.Workforceshouldbepreparedatanytimeforjobsingreatneed.

D.Moreinformationhelpsplannerstoconnectworkforcewithpositions.

問題4選項

A.functionsasastandardnationaldatabase

B.triestocompilethechangeofjobdata

C.getsfinancialsupportfromthegovernment

D.attractscompaniesintotheupdateproject

問題5選項

A.theimportanceofinformationtechnology

B.thegovernment’sroleasanorganizer

C.thenecessityofopeningupjobdatabase

D.thelimitationofallinformationcompanies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第一段“CompaniessuchasLinkedinandMholdvastamountsofinformationonpeople’sprofessionallives,butthereisoneorganizationthatsurpassesthemall:thefederalgovernment.Linkedin和M等公司擁有大量有關(guān)人們職業(yè)生活的信息，但有一個機構(gòu)的信息比它們都多：聯(lián)邦政府?！笨芍?lián)邦政府比其他公司的數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息要多。故A項正確。Amplitude豐富性，充足；Accessibility獲取性；Integrity完整性；Authority權(quán)威性。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“Duringhistenure,Chopra’sroleinvolvedmakinggovernmentdatamoreaccessible.It’samissionhehascontinuedafterhisdeparture,assemblingabandofpublicofficials,techentrepreneursandthink-tankanalystswhosefocusisfirmlyonthelabormarket.在喬普拉的任期內(nèi)，他的職責(zé)是讓政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)更容易獲取。離職后，他一直在繼續(xù)這項使命，組建了一群專注于勞動力市場的政府官員、科技企業(yè)家和智庫分析師。”可知C項“堅持改進政府?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第四段“Workforceandtalentplannershaveadauntingjobinensuringtheyhaveaready-nowworkforce,sothemoredatatheycanget,thebetterinformedtheyare.勞動力和人才規(guī)劃人員要確保他們擁有現(xiàn)成的勞動力，這是一項艱巨的任務(wù)，因此他們能得到的數(shù)據(jù)越多，就越了解情況?！笨芍狣項“更多的信息有助于規(guī)劃人員將勞動力與職位聯(lián)系起來”正確。A項“政府應(yīng)該發(fā)布高薪職位的信息”；B項“數(shù)據(jù)庫中不可能包含所有的專業(yè)技能”；C項“勞動力應(yīng)該在任何時候為有巨大需求的工作做好準(zhǔn)備”文中都未提及。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Builtinthe1990s,thesitecompilesdataonmorethan900occupations,withdetailsaboutjobskills,averagecompensationandasearchtooltofindjobsbystate.Butalthoughthesiteiscontinuallyupdated,ithasbeenslowtokeeppacewiththechangingjobmarket,accordingtoCopraandLevensaler.該網(wǎng)站創(chuàng)建于上世紀(jì)90年代，收集了900多個職業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)，包括工作技能、平均薪酬等細節(jié)，以及一個按州找工作的搜索工具。但據(jù)科帕拉和利文塞勒說，盡管該網(wǎng)站不斷更新，但仍跟不上就業(yè)市場變化的步伐?！薄癟hemeasureseeksto‘provideup-to-datecoverageofoccupationsandskills,particularlyforhigh-growth,changingindustries.’該措施旨在‘提供最新的職業(yè)和技能，特別是高增長、變化的行業(yè)。’”可知該公司想實時更新職位信息。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Toopen-dataadvocatessuchasChopra,there’snobettertimetoharnessthepowerofinformationfortheeconomy.‘Noonecompany,nomatterhowamazingtheyare,hasthecapacitytogeteveryemployerinAmericatoopenuptheirskillsdataforeveryjobposting,’hesaid,‘Thegovernmenthasthecapacitytoconvenestakeholderstoopenupthedata.’對于Chopra這樣的公開數(shù)據(jù)倡導(dǎo)者來說，現(xiàn)在是駕馭信息力量促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的最佳時機。他說:‘沒有一家公司，不管他們有多了不起，有能力讓美國的每一個雇主公開他們的技能數(shù)據(jù)。而政府有能力召集利益相關(guān)者公開這些數(shù)據(jù)?！笨芍狢hopra強調(diào)政府在使雇主公開技能數(shù)據(jù)過程中的重要性。故B項正確。

2.單選題

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepartofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsonceatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofroadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-owner-shipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

1.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（

）.

2.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therule...”(Paral)impliesthat（

）.

3.By“goodsense”(Line1,Para2),thewritermeans（

）.

4.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（

）.

5.Inthewriter’sopinion（

）.

問題1選項

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

問題2選項

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

問題3選項

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

問題4選項

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

問題5選項

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。文章第一句指出“Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlife（把問題歸咎于交通堵塞、汽油價格和現(xiàn)代生活的快節(jié)奏是很好的）”，但后面有一個轉(zhuǎn)折詞but引出重要的原因，“butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible（但道路上的禮節(jié)問題正變得恐怖）”。因此C項“司機的行為”正確。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位至第一段“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule（你可以容忍古怪、粗魯、不體諒人的司機，但現(xiàn)今彬彬有禮的司機卻實屬罕見）”，由此推斷，D項“現(xiàn)在不禮貌的司機占大多數(shù)”正確。

3.語義題。由題干定位至第二段第一句“Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo（道路上的禮節(jié)不僅僅是禮貌，也是一種良好的意識）”。后面具體說到“Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriversto…h(huán)elpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmodemtrafficconditions（只有頭腦冷靜、脾氣溫和的司機在遇到不文明的行為時，才能抵制進行報復(fù)的誘惑。另一方面，禮貌可以緩和開車時的緊張氣氛。接著，又具體地說明對別人禮貌的行為，如友好地點頭或擺手示意有利于創(chuàng)造出一種友好和寬容的氛圍）”。因此，“goodsense”指司機不僅自己禮貌，而且對別人的禮貌做出反應(yīng)，故選A項“司機的正確理解能力和理智地做出反應(yīng)的能力”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至最后一段“Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecarownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregiveandtakefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart（幾年前，專家警告我們，汽車擁有量的突增要求所有馬路使用者的互諒互讓?，F(xiàn)在是我們大家把這一信息牢記在心的時候了）”。因此B項“司機們應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好互相謙讓”正確。

5.判斷推理題。文章第三段指出“However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous（然而，不適當(dāng)?shù)牡缆防斫饪赡苁俏ｋU的）”。緊接著作者舉了一些例子來說明。也就是說，司機們不僅要注意道路上的禮節(jié)問題，還要注意禮貌行為是否適時適當(dāng)。否則可能反而會有危險的后果。因此，B項“司機的禮貌行為應(yīng)當(dāng)適當(dāng)”正確。

3.單選題

Thisbookisdividedintofivesections.Eachsection（

）adifferentaspectoftheproblem.

問題1選項

A.dealswith

B.copeswith

C.solves

D.handles

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。dealwith“處理，涉及”；copewith“處理，應(yīng)付”；solve“解決，解答”；handle“處理”。句意：這本書分為五個部分，每個部分都涉及問題的不同方面。A項符合題意。

4.單選題

Inthecollectedbodyofwritingwecallliterature,theremaybedistinguishedtwoseparategroupingscapableofblending,butalsofittedforreciprocalrepulsion.Thereisfirsttheliteratureofknowledge,andsecondlytheliteratureofpower.Thefunctionofthefirstistoteach;thefunctionofthesecondistomove.Thefirstspeakstothemerediscursiveunderstanding;thesecondspeaksultimatelytothehigherunderstandingorreason,butalwaysthroughtheaffectionsofpleasureandsympathy.Wheneverwetalkinordinarylanguageofseekinginformationorgainingknowledge,weunderstandtheworksasconnectedwithabsolutenovelty.Butitisthegrandeurofalltruthwhichcanoccupyaveryhighplaceinhumaninterests,althoughitmaynotbeabsolutelynoveleventothemeanestofminds.

Whatdowelearnfrom“ParadiseLost”?Nothingatall.Whatdowelearnfromacookbook?Somethingnew,somethingwedidnotknowbefore,ineveryparagraph.Butwouldwethereforeputthewretchedcookbookonahigherlevelofestimationthanthedivinepoem?WhatweowetoMiltonisnotanyknowledge,ofwhichamillionseparateitemsarestillbutamillionadvancingstepsonthesameearthlylevel.Whatweoweispower,thatis,exerciseandexpansionofyourownlatentcapacityofsympathywiththeinfinite,whereeverypulseandeachseparateinfluxisastepupwards—astepascendingasuponJacob’sladderfromearthtomysteriousaltitudesabovetheearth.Allthestepsofknowledge,fromfirsttolast,carryusfartheronthesameplane,butcouldneverraiseusonefootaboveyourancientlevelonearth,whereas,theveryfirststepofpowerisflight—anascendingintoanotherelementwhereearthisforgotten.

1.Thepassageiswrittento（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theliteratureofknowledgeare（

）.

3.Thesentence“Thefirstspeakstothemerediscursiveunderstanding”means（

）.

4.Thetrueimplicationconcerningthecomparisonbetween“ParadiseLost”andacookbookis（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?

問題1選項

A.differentiatebetweentheattainmentoffactualknowledgeandthearrivalatphilosophicalunderstanding

B.disparageintellectualactivitiesandtheattainmentoflearning

C.encouragemysticismasadesirablephilosophicalgoal

D.inspirewriterstoproducemorepracticalbooks

問題2選項

A.teacher’sbooks

B.booksfromwhichweseekinformationorgainknowledge

C.informativeliteraryworks

D.booksabouttherudder

問題3選項

A.Thefirstclassificationofliteratureisonlyforreaderwithdiscursiveunderstanding.

B.Booksteachingknowledgearenotsologicallyproducedasphilosophicalreaders.

C.Theliteratureofknowledgeareunderstoodasrandomworks.

D.Toreadabookinthefirstclassificationofliteratureinvolvesonlyalower,discursiveunderstandingonthepartofthereader.

問題4選項

A.“ParadiseLost”ismoreinformativethanacookbook

B.bothbooksareequallyevaluated

C.wretchedasitis,acookbookismorevaluablethan“ParadiseLost”，fromwhichwelearnnothingatall

D.“ParadiseLost”isgreaterthanacookbook

問題5選項

A.Wehavegainedmostofourknowledgefromthereadingofpoliticaltreatises.

B.Thefirststeponthemoonwasmankind’smostimportantmoment.

C.Recipeforbreadisworthathousandpoems.

D.Greatliteraturemustaddressitselftofundamentalphilosophicaltruthsratherthantomaterialprogress.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.意圖題。由第一段“Thereisfirsttheliteratureofknowledge,andsecondlytheliteratureofpower.第一種是知識文學(xué)，第二種是力量文學(xué)。”以及后文對兩者進行對比分析，可知本文主要是闡述了知識文學(xué)與力量文學(xué)的差異。故A項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Thereisfirsttheliteratureofknowledge,andsecondlytheliteratureofpower.Thefunctionofthefirstistoteach;thefunctionofthesecondistomove.首先是知識的文學(xué)，其次是力量的文學(xué)。第一種文學(xué)的功能是教化;第二種文學(xué)的功能是動之以情?！笨芍狟項“知識文學(xué)是我們可以從中獲取信息和知識的書籍?！闭_。A、C、D三項都是屬于知識文學(xué)中的一種，不能將知識文學(xué)歸為其中的某一類。

3.推理判斷題。由第一段“Thefirstspeakstothemerediscursiveunderstanding;thesecondspeaksultimatelytothehigherunderstandingorreason,butalwaysthroughtheaffectionsofpleasureandsympathy.第一種文學(xué)只是純粹的散亂無章的理解；第二種文學(xué)最終指向更高層次的理解或理性，但總是通過愉悅和同情的情感。”可知知識文學(xué)在邏輯理解方面不如力量文學(xué)嚴(yán)密。故B項正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第二段“Butwouldwethereforeputthewretchedcookbookonahigherlevelofestimationthanthedivinepoem?WhatweowetoMiltonisnotanyknowledge,ofwhichamillionseparateitemsarestillbutamillionadvancingstepsonthesameearthlylevel.但是，我們會因此把這本拙劣的烹飪書置于比神圣的詩歌更高的評價水平嗎?我們從彌爾頓那里得到的并不是什么知識，即使有一百萬個不同的東西，也不過是在同一個地球上前進了一百萬步而已。”可知作者將這兩個作品進行對比，肯定了ParadiseLost的價值，給予了其更高的評價。故D項正確。

5.主旨大意題。本文將知識文學(xué)和力量文學(xué)進行了對比，并表達了對力量文學(xué)的肯定。由最后一段“Allthestepsofknowledge,fromfirsttolast,carryusfartheronthesameplane,butcouldneverraiseusonefootaboveyourancientlevelonearth,whereas,theveryfirststepofpowerisflight—anascendingintoanotherelementwhereearthisforgotten.知識的每一步，從頭到腳，都只是帶我們在同一個層面上走得更遠，卻永遠不能使我們凌駕于塵世毫厘之上。然而，力量文學(xué)的第一步是飛行——一種超越凡塵的飛躍?！笨芍髡邚娬{(diào)了力量文學(xué)的價值，即能超凡脫俗，帶人們在更高的層面上取得進步。故D項“偉大的文學(xué)作品必須致力于基本的哲學(xué)真理，而不是物質(zhì)進步?！闭_。A項“我們的大部分知識都是從閱讀政治論文中獲得的。”B項“登上月球的第一步是人類最重要的時刻?！盋項“面包的配方勝過千首詩?！痹谖闹卸颊也坏揭罁?jù)。

5.單選題

Hisfamilytriedto___intothewhiteandHispaniccommunities.

問題1選項

A.melt

B.assimilate

C.involve

D.weaver

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.melt融化B.assimilate吸收；使同化

C.involve包含；牽涉D.weaver織布工；編織工

【考查點】固定搭配。

【解題思路】assimilateinto表示（使）逐漸混合于（某一更大的群體）。句中whiteandHispaniccommunities指的是白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)，是一個大群體。B選項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的家人試圖融入白人和西班牙裔社區(qū)。

6.單選題

Withhisstrongaccent,it’shardto___whathe’stryingtosay.

問題1選項

A.handout

B.sortout

C.sendout

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.handout分發(fā)B.sortout挑選出；分類

C.sendout發(fā)送；派遣D.figureout想出；弄明白

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】固定句型itis+形容詞+forsbtodosth，對某人來說做……是……的。With短語做原因狀語。句意為因為他的口音，我們很難聽清他在嘗試說什么。綜上所述，D選項figureout“想出、弄明白”可引申為此句所需的邏輯“弄清”以滿足上述條件。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的口音很重，很難聽懂他想說什么。

7.單選題

Itisconsiderednot（

）tolitterinpublicplaces.

問題1選項

A.respectful

B.respected

C.respectable

D.respective

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。respectful“對……恭敬的，尊敬的”；respected“受尊敬的，德高望重的”；respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的，體面的”；respective“各自的，分別的”。句意：在公共場所亂丟東西被認為是不被人尊敬的。C項符合題意。

8.單選題

Thebranchesofthesmalltreecouldhardly（

）theweightofthefruit.

問題1選項

A.retain

B.maintain

C.remain

D.sustain

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。retain“保持，記住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“維持，支持，支撐”。句意；小樹的枝丫很難承受果實的重量。D項符合題意。

9.單選題

AccordingtorecentU.S.StatisticsYearbook,Americansspends16billionayearoncreditcardsandtherearealready590millionin（

）.

問題1選項

A.preparation

B.communication

C.administration

D.circulation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。preparation“預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備”；communication“交流，溝通”；administration“管理”；circulation“流通，傳播，發(fā)行量”。句意：根據(jù)最近的美國統(tǒng)計年鑒，美國人每年花在信用卡上的錢達到160億美元，目前已有5.9億張信用卡在流通中。incirculation“在流通中”為固定搭配。故D項符合題意。

10.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時尚的休閑活動，為越來越多的人所喜愛。經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展、生活水平的提高，以及政府對旅游業(yè)的支持使得旅游在中國越來越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚牟糠?。每逢假期，大批的中國游客就會涌入世界各地的景點。旅游時人們可以開闊視野，增長知識，欣賞大自然的美麗風(fēng)光，最終得以放松身心。

11.單選題

Archaeologistshavediscoveredthe（

）ofamarblecolumnoftheancienttemple.

問題1選項

A.remnant

B.fragments

C.scrap

D.shred

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。remnant“剩余，殘余，遺跡”；fragment“碎片，片段或不完整的部分”；scrap“碎片，殘余物，殘羹剩飯，廢金屬，”；shred“碎片，細條”。句意：考古學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這座古廟大理石柱的殘跡。故A項符合題意。

12.單選題

ThemostimportantdivideinAmericatodayisclass,notrace,andtheplacewhereitmattersmostisinthehome.Conservativeshavebeenbangingonaboutfamilybreakdownfordecades.Nowoneofthenation’smostprominentliberalscholarshasjoinedthechorus.

RobertPutnamisaformerdeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernmentandtheauthorofBowlingAlone(2000),aninfluentialworkthatlamentedthedeclineofsocialcapitalinAmerica.Inhisnewbook,OurKids,hedescribesthegrowinggulfbetweenhowtherichandthepoorraisetheirchildren.

Amongtheeducatedelitethetraditionalfamilyisthriving:fewerthan10%ofbirthstofemalecollegegraduatesareoutsidemarriage—afigurethatisbarelyhigherthanitwasin1970.In2007amongwomenwithjustahigh-schooleducation,bycontrast,65%ofbirthswerenon-marital.Racemakesadifference:only2%ofbirthstowhitecollegegraduatesareout-of-wedlock,comparedwith80%amongAfrican-Americanswithnomorethanahigh-schooleducation,butneitherofthesefigureshaschangedmuchsincethe1970s.Howeverthenon-maritalbirthproportionamongthehigh-school-educatedwhiteshasquadrupled,to50%,andthesamefigureforcollege-educatedblackshasfallenbyathird,to25%.Thustheclassdivideisgrowingevenastheracialgapisshrinking.

Upbringingaffectsopportunity.Upper-middle-classhomesarenotonlyricher(withtwoprofessionalincomes)andmorestable:theyarealsomorenurturing.Inthe1970s,therewerepracticallynoclassdifferencesintheamountoftimethatparentsspenttalking,readingandplayingwithtoddlers.Nowthechildrenofcollege-educatedparentsreceive50%moreofwhatMr.Putnamcalls“GoodnightMoon”time(afterapopularbookforinfants).

Working-classparents,whohavelesssparecapacity,aremorelikelytodemandthattheirkidssimplyobeythem.Intheshortrunthissavestime,inthelongrunitpreventsthekidsfromlearningtoorganizetheirownlivesorthinkforthemselves.Poorparentingisthusabarriertosocialmobility,andisbecomingmoresoastheworldgrowsmorecomplexandtherewardsforsuperiorcognitiveskillsincrease.

Stunningly,Mr.Putnamfindsthatfamilybackgroundisabetterpredictorofwhetherornotachildwillgraduatefromuniversitythan8thgradetestscores.Kidsintherichestquarterwithlowtestscoresareasliketomakeitthroughcollegeaskidsinthepoorestquarterwithhighscores.

Mr.Putnamsuggestsagrab-bagofpoliciestohelppoorkidsreachtheirpotentialsuchasraisingsubsidiesforpoorfamilies,teachingthembetterparentingskills,improvingnurserycareandmakingafter-schoolbaseballclubsfree.Heurgesall50statestoexperimenttofindoutwhatworks.Aproblemthiscomplexhasnosimplesolution.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoMr.Putnam’snewbook?

2.“GoodnightMoon”time(Line5,Para.4)referstothetimeof（

）.

3.Wecaninferthatworking-classparents（

）.

4.WhatdoesMr.Putnam’sfindingabouttestscoressuggest?

5.Inthepassage,theauthormainlydiscusses（

）.

問題1選項

A.Maritalbirthratealmostkeepsunchangedamongcollegegraduates.

B.Non-maritalbirthshavebeendecreasingamonghigh-schoolgraduates.

C.African-Americanshavegivenbirthtomorenon-maritalchildren.

D.Morehigh-school-educatedwhiteshavechildrenbeforemarriage.

問題2選項

A.providingopportunityforkids

B.givingmorenourishmenttokids

C.beinginvolvedintheeducationofkids

D.readingpopularbookstoinfants

問題3選項

A.tendtobemorestrictwithchild

B.forbidkidstothinkindependently

C.overlookchangesofthesociety

D.needtrainingforeducation

問題4選項

A.Studentsfromrichfamiliesdon’tneedtostudyhard.

B.Parentaleducationaffectskids’academicresultsgreatly.

C.Kidsinpoorfamiliescanhardlygraduatefromcolleges.

D.Familybackgroundcanmakeupforacademicflaws.

問題5選項

A.howparentsshouldbringuptheirchildren

B.howfamilybackgroundinfluencesschooling

C.whatthegreatestbarriertosocialmobilityis

D.variousclasseseducatekidsdifferently

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第三段“Amongtheeducatedelitethetraditionalfamilyisthriving:fewerthan10%ofbirthstofemalecollegegraduatesareoutsidemarriage—afigurethatisbarelyhigherthanitwasin1970.在受過良好教育的精英階層中，傳統(tǒng)家庭正在蓬勃發(fā)展:女性大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的非婚生育比例不到10%——這一數(shù)字僅比1970年高了一點點。”可推知大學(xué)畢業(yè)生結(jié)婚后生育率幾乎沒有太大變化。故A項正確。B項“在高中畢業(yè)群體中，非婚生子女一直在減少”，文章只是在第三段第四句中提到高中教育程度的白人生育非婚生子女的情況增加了，故排除；C項“非裔美國人非婚生子女更多”，作者主要從不同教育階層比較非婚生子女的比例，并沒有整體比較白人和非裔美國人的非婚生子女情況，故排除；D項“更多高中教育程度的白人在婚前生子”，作者在本段第四句提到高中教育程度的白人非婚生子女率有所提高，這與婚前生子概念不同，因此D項與原文意思不符，故排除。

2.詞義題。由第四段“Inthe1970s,therewerepracticallynoclassdifferencesintheamountoftimethatparentsspenttalking,readingandplayingwithtoddlers.Nowthechildrenofcollege-educatedparentsreceive50%moreofwhatMr.Putnamcalls‘GoodnightMoon’time(afterapopularbookforinfants).在20世紀(jì)70年代，父母花在與幼兒交談、閱讀和玩耍上的時間幾乎沒有階級差異?，F(xiàn)在，受過大學(xué)教育的父母的孩子得到的時間比帕特南所說的《晚安，月亮》多了50%。”可推斷出GoodnightMoontime是指父母參與孩子教育的時間，故C項正確。

3.推理判斷題。由第五段“Working-classparents,whohavelesssparecapacity,aremorelikelytodemandthattheirkidssimplyobeythem.Intheshortrunthissavestime,inthelongrunitpreventsthekidsfromlearningtoorganizetheirownlivesorthinkforthemselves.工薪階層的父母，他們的空閑時間更少，更有可能要求他們的孩子簡單地服從他們。從短期來看，這樣做節(jié)省了時間，但從長遠來看，這樣做會阻礙孩子們學(xué)會安排自己的生活或獨立思考。”可知工薪階層父母對孩子的養(yǎng)育方式不正確，他們應(yīng)該接受教育培訓(xùn)。故D項正確。

4.由倒數(shù)第二段“Stunningly,Mr.Putnamfindsthatfamilybackgroundisabetterpredictorofwhetherornotachildwillgraduatefromuniversitythan8thgradetestscores.Kidsintherichestquarterwithlowtestscoresareasliketomakeitthroughcollegeaskidsinthepoorestquarterwithhighscores.令人驚訝的是，帕特南發(fā)現(xiàn)，家庭背景比八年級考試成績更能預(yù)示一個孩子能否從大學(xué)畢業(yè)。在最富裕的地區(qū)考試分數(shù)低的孩子和在最貧窮的地區(qū)考試分數(shù)高的孩子一樣有可能讀完大學(xué)?！笨芍Y(jié)合上面兩段對不同階層參與教育和教育方式的差別可知，這能夠反映出父母的家庭教育對孩子學(xué)業(yè)成績的影響，故答案為B。A項“來自富裕家庭的孩子不必努力學(xué)習(xí)”，第六段第二句雖然提到考試成績不及貧困家庭孩子的富裕家庭的學(xué)生也有機會從大學(xué)畢業(yè)，但這主要是說明家庭教育的影響，而不是說他們可以不努力讀書，故排除；C項“貧困家庭的孩子幾乎很難從大學(xué)畢業(yè)”，文章并沒有比較兩種家庭孩子大學(xué)畢業(yè)的整體情況，更沒有說貧困家庭的孩子難以大學(xué)畢業(yè)，故排除；D項“家庭背景可以彌補學(xué)業(yè)上的不足”，該句似是而非，原文實際上是說家庭教育可以幫助學(xué)生提高學(xué)業(yè)水平，而不是直接彌補學(xué)業(yè)上的不足，故排除。

5.主旨大意題。本文第一段指出當(dāng)今美國最重要的分裂是階層分裂而不是種族分裂。第四段比較了不同階層的父母在教育方式及教育參與程度的差異，反映了家庭背景對孩子學(xué)業(yè)成績的影響。故B項“家庭背景影響孩子的學(xué)業(yè)”正確。

13.單選題

Oncampuses,cheerfulundergraduatesarepressingleafletsintofresher’shands.AtHeathrowairport,wheremanyforeignstudentsenterBritain,thewelcomehasbeenlesswarm.Officialsherdedrecentarrivalsintoaseparatequeuethatattimestooksixhourstogetthrough—andthosewereluckyones.Manypotentialstudentsarelanguishingathome,andwillmissoutonuniversityplacesthisautumnunlesstheyreceivevisasinthenextfewdays.

UniversitieshadseentroubleloomingsinceMarch,whenanewstudent-visasystemwasintroduced.Byinsistingthatpotentialstudentsprovetheiracademiccredentialsandshowthattheyhaveenoughmoneytosupportthemselves,theHomeOfficeintendedtodeterthosewhowereactuallycomingtoBritaintowork.Ithashopedthereformswouldkeep