2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)37

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion,amuses’shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples―notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition,Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses’shrine”

Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,"butsite-specific",andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation,andsocouldbeconsideredMuses'shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylumgalleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNalurhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（）.

2.TheideathatMuseumcouldmeanamountainorallobjectsoriginatesfrom（）.

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat（）.

4.Paintingandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theRomans

B.Florence

C.Olympia

D.Greek

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

C.fakersbecamemoreskillful

D.fakersbecamemorepolite

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.madepartofthebuildings

C.donatedbypeople

D.boughtbychurches

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theevolutionofmuseums

B.Collectionandcollectors

C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

D.Thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。slippery意為狡猾的，不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下一段的內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)，這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語中)是獻(xiàn)給繆斯的任何東西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個(gè)節(jié)日，甚至是一本教科書?！庇纱丝芍x項(xiàng)D正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文句意：隨著它們的增加和擴(kuò)大，作為補(bǔ)充，造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”,而是“特定場(chǎng)地的”,被認(rèn)為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了“museum”一詞的演變及其現(xiàn)代意義的由來，所以選項(xiàng)A最能概括本文主旨。

2.單選題

Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.response

B.impulse

C.instinct

D.consciousness

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)response“反應(yīng)，回答”；B選項(xiàng)impulse“沖動(dòng)”；C選項(xiàng)instinct“本能，直覺”；D選項(xiàng)consciousness“意識(shí)，知覺”。句意：人類的行為主要是學(xué)習(xí)的產(chǎn)物，而動(dòng)物的行為主要依靠本能。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

3.單選題

Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch（

）asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtues

B.features

C.properties

D.characteristics

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。virtue“美德，優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)”；feature“特征，特點(diǎn)”；property“特性，性能，財(cái)產(chǎn)”；characteristic“特征，特點(diǎn)”。句意：經(jīng)理高度贊揚(yáng)了員工所體現(xiàn)的忠誠(chéng)、勇敢和誠(chéng)實(shí)的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。題干中的loyalty，courage和truthfulness都屬于“優(yōu)秀的品質(zhì)”，因此答案選A。

4.翻譯題

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Inthemodernera,therewillbemuchtocelebratebecauseourcivilizationhasachievedbreath-takingadvancesinvirtuallyeveryfieldofhumanendeavour.Andyet,thesequantumleapsinhumanprogresscoexistwithadarkersidetoourcivilizationsuchasarmedconflict,whichmightdestroyentirecommunitiesinthequestforethnicity,religionorrace.Inthecontextofarmedconflict,childrenaretherealvictims.Manywerekilled,permanentlydisabled,displacedororphaned.Worsethanthat,someofthemarecurrentlyunderarmsaskillingmachines.Hence,theSecurityCouncilshouldsetoutitsgoal:advocatingforchildrenwhoarevictimizedormadeespeciallyvulnerable,aswellasmobilizingforconcreteactiontoensuretheirrights,protectionandwelfare.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.

貿(mào)易增長(zhǎng)在很大程度上取決于能源的供應(yīng)。中東可以開采的原油還有一萬億桶。但是1974年的石油危機(jī)使人們對(duì)煤再度產(chǎn)生了興趣并且去尋找可供選擇的其它能源。在今后的年代里，太陽能、風(fēng)能和核能將起到重大的作用。

【答案】A英譯中【參考譯文】

在如今這個(gè)時(shí)代，會(huì)有許多事情值得慶祝，因?yàn)閹缀踉谌祟惻Φ拿恳粋€(gè)領(lǐng)域我們的文明都取得了驚人的進(jìn)展。然而，人類進(jìn)步的這些巨大飛躍與我們文明的黑暗面并存，比如武裝沖突，它可能會(huì)在尋求種族、宗教或種族的過程中摧毀整個(gè)社區(qū)。在（發(fā)生）武裝沖突的情況下，孩子們是真正的受害者。許多人被殺害、永久致殘、流離失所或者成為孤兒。比這更糟糕的是，現(xiàn)在這些孩子中的一些人被當(dāng)作殺人機(jī)器武裝了起來。因此，安全理事會(huì)應(yīng)確定自己的目標(biāo)：提倡保護(hù)受害或者特別容易受害的兒童，并動(dòng)員采取具體行動(dòng)，確保孩子們的權(quán)利、保護(hù)他們并且提供福利。

B中譯英【參考譯文】

Thegrowthoftradedependsonenergysuppliestoagreatextent.ThereisstillatrillionbarrelsofrecoverableoilintheMiddleEast.Butthe1974oilcrisismadepeoplereviveinterestincoalandsearchforalternativesourcesofenergy.Intheyearstocome,solar,windandnuclearpowerwillplayabigrole.

5.單選題

Itisreportedthatfewerandfeweroftoday'sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,（）thesamecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchworse

B.letalone

C.allelse

D.lesslikely

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)muchworse“更糟糕的是...”；B選項(xiàng)letalone“更不用說，聽任，不打擾”；C選項(xiàng)allelse“其他所有”；D選項(xiàng)lesslikely“最不可能的”。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，如今越來越少的工人希望自己的職業(yè)生涯都在同一領(lǐng)域工作，更不用說同一家公司了。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Colorandsexarenotrelevant（

）whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.to

D.with

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配的介詞。berelevantto表示“與……相關(guān)的”，句意：人種和性別與一個(gè)人是否適合工作無關(guān)。因此，本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.tedious

C.flat

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】句意:校長(zhǎng)在運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演講，這極大地鼓舞了運(yùn)動(dòng)員們。

考查形容詞辨析。vigorous充滿活力的，精力充沛的;tedious冗長(zhǎng)的，啰唆的，單調(diào)乏味的；flat平淡的，單調(diào)的，平坦的；harsh嚴(yán)酷的，嚴(yán)厲的，惡劣的。根據(jù)后半句句意可知A正確。

8.單選題

Ifanyofthesesymptoms（

）whileyouaretakingthemedicine,consultyourdoctorimmediately.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.establish

B.represent

C.perform

D.occur

【答案】D

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。establish“建立;創(chuàng)立”；represent“代表；表現(xiàn)”；perform“表演；執(zhí)行：完成”；occur“發(fā)生”。句意：如果用藥期間出現(xiàn)上述癥狀，請(qǐng)立刻咨詢醫(yī)生。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Wemanagedtoreachthetopofthemountain,andhalfanhourlaterwebeganto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascend

B.descend

C.decline

D.plunge

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。ascend“上升，升髙，攀登”;descend“下降，下傾”，表示空間方位的變化；decline“（數(shù)量、價(jià)值、質(zhì)量等的）減少，下降”；plunge“使突然前沖（或下落），（價(jià)格、溫度等）暴跌”。句意：我們成功到達(dá)山頂，半小時(shí)后我們開始下山。根據(jù)題干的邏輯關(guān)系可知B項(xiàng)符合題意，因此答案選B。

10.單選題

Theinnocentchildobjectedto（

）likethis.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.treating

B.betreated

C.havebeentreated

D.beingtreated

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。objectto后面要接doing，因此to在這里是介詞。根據(jù)前后文可知這些無辜的孩子是“被對(duì)待”，所以要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：那些無辜的孩子反對(duì)被這樣對(duì)待。

11.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

人們都有追求幸福的權(quán)利，但對(duì)幸福的理解卻因人而異。絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為幸福來自于健康的身體、愿望的實(shí)現(xiàn)和事業(yè)有成。正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣，許多人在遇到痛苦時(shí)才意識(shí)到幸福的真正含義。

【答案】Peoplehavetherighttopursuehappiness,butdifferentpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingofhappiness.Mostpeoplebelievethathappinesscomesfromgoodhealth,wishfulfilmentandsuccessfulcareer.Asitoftenhappens,itisnotuntiltheysufferthatmanypeoplerealizethetruemeaningofhappiness.

12.單選題

Peoplebuyinsuranceinorderto（）asmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertain,catastrophicone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.return

B.substitute

C.institute

D.predict

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定詞組搭配。固定搭配substitute...for...表示“用……代替……”。A選項(xiàng)return表示“返回，報(bào)答，回?fù)簟?；C選項(xiàng)institute表示“實(shí)行，授予（學(xué)位），提起（訴訟）”；D選項(xiàng)predict表示“預(yù)言，預(yù)測(cè)”?！揪湟狻咳藗冑I保險(xiǎn)是為了用一個(gè)可以確定和容忍的小損失來替代大的、不確定的、災(zāi)難性的損失。

13.單選題

Nowadays,acellphoneserviceisavailabletoeveryone,everywhere.Probablythousandsofpeoplehavealreadybeenusingit,butIjustdiscoveredit,soI'mgoingtoclaimitandalsonameit:FakeFoning.

Thetechnologyhasbeenworkingwellformeattheoffice,butthereareinfiniteapplications.Virtuallyinanypublicspace.

Sayyouworkatabiguniversitywithlotsoftalkyfacultymembersbuzzingabout.Now,sayyouneedtousetherestroom.Thetripdownthehallwilltakeapproximatelyonehour,becauseapersoncan’twalkintothosetalkypeoplewithoutgettingpulledasideforaquestion,abitofgossip,anewreadonacertainlineofParadiseLost.

So,acellphone.Anycellphone.Justpickitup.Don'tdial.Justholdthatphonetoyourfaceandstarttalking.Walkconfidentlydownthehallengagedinfakeconversation,makingsuretotailorboththetopicandcontenttothepersonstandingbeforeyouwhomyouaretryingtoevade.

Forstandardcolleagueavoidance,Isuggestfakechattingaboutfakebusiness:

“Yes,I’mgladyoucalled,becausewereallyneedtohammeroutthedetails.What’sthat?Yes,IreadPage12,butifyoulookatthebottomof4,Ithinkyoucanseetheproblembeginsrightthere.”

Beengagedinyourfakefoneconversation.Makeeyecontactwiththepeoplepassing,nodtothem,gesturekeeninterestintalkingtothematalatertime,pointtoyourphone,shrugandmoveon.

Shoppersshouldconsiderfakefoninganytimetheyspotatalkyneighborintheproducedepartmentpinching(用手捏)unripepeaches.Withoutyourphoneatyourface,you'dbeinfora20-minutespeechonhowterribletheworldis.

Oneimportantcautionaboutfakefoning.TheotherdayIwasfakefoningmywaypastacolleague,andhewasactuallyfollowingmetogetmyattention.IknewhewantedtoaskaboutaprojectIhadnotyetfinished.Iwastryingtobuymyselfsometime,soIcontinuedfakefoningwithmydoctor.“SoIdon’tneedtheoperation?Oh,doctor,thatisthebestnews.”

Andthen:Brrrrrrng!Brrrrrmg!Brrrrrmg!Myphonestartedringing,righttherewhileitwasplantedonmyface.Mycolleaguelookedatme,andIathim,andnaturallyIgasped.“Whatisthematterwiththisthing?”Isaid,pullingthephoneawaytolookatit,andthenputtingitbacktomyear.

“Hello?Areyoustillthere?”

Oops.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?

2.Whatisfakingfoning?

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,inordertomakefoninglookrealonehasto

4.Whatdoesthelastexampleshow?

5.Afterhisphonesuddenlybeganringing,theauthor

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Cellphoneserviceispopularamongpeople.

B.Fakefoningisanewcellphoneservice.

C.Cellphonehasmuchuseinoffice.

D.Fakefoningisanewdiscovery.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Adevicenewlyproduced.

B.Astrategytoavoidpeople.

C.Aserviceprovidedeverywhere.

D.Askillofcommunication.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.talkaboutinterestingmatters.

B.holdthephonewhilewalking.

C.appearabsorbedinconversation.

D.behavepolitelytopeoplepassingby.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Onehastobecarefulwhilefakefoning.

B.Oneeffectivewayistofakefoneone’sdoctor.

C.Fakefoningmaynotdeceivepeople.

D.Fakefoingisalwaysquitesuccessful.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.immediatelystartedtalkingtothecaller.

B.immediatelystartedtalkingtohiscolleague.

C.putthephoneawayandstoppedtalking.

D.continuedwithhisfakingconversation.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。本題要找出說法錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，可采用排除法。文章第一句提到任何人在任何地方都可以使用手機(jī)服務(wù)，因此選項(xiàng)A“手機(jī)服務(wù)對(duì)人們來說很普遍”正確。B選項(xiàng)說fakefoning是一項(xiàng)新的手機(jī)服務(wù)，明顯錯(cuò)誤。而由文章第二段可知，這種方法在辦公室非常有用，故C項(xiàng)正確。文章第一段第二句指出可能已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)多的人在用這種方法了，但作者才剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案應(yīng)為B項(xiàng)。

2.推理判斷。本題詢問fakefoning的含義，這正是文章的主題。雖然原文沒有給出fakefoning的確切定義，但通過原文內(nèi)容推理可知，fakefoning就是假裝接聽手機(jī)的意思。而foning也假借了ph的發(fā)音，其含義其實(shí)就是phoning。由原文第四段和第五段可以看出，這種假裝接電話的目的是colleagueavoidance，故B選項(xiàng)正確。其余選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)文中語句的混淆解釋。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問“為了讓假接手機(jī)看起來更真實(shí)，作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該怎么做”。由原文第四段最后一句可知，要根據(jù)你想要避開的人而改變談?wù)摰闹黝}和內(nèi)容，因此不能只談?wù)撚腥さ脑掝}，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。而“走路的時(shí)候拿著手機(jī)”顯然也不能單純地提高真實(shí)性，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)原文第七段可知，要專注接聽電話，對(duì)路過的人只需用眼神交流一下，點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，同時(shí)還要指指電話，表示在講電話，只能以后再聊，但并不能推斷出這種禮貌地回應(yīng)能讓假接手機(jī)看起來更真實(shí)，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。只有C項(xiàng)“裝成投入到交談中的樣子（沒有注意到旁人）”最真實(shí)，最符合題意。因此，本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問文中最后一個(gè)例子的含義，其實(shí)也就是詢問最后四段的主旨。這個(gè)例子是講作者有一次在假裝接電話時(shí)，正好有一個(gè)電話打進(jìn)來，作者只好急中生智，裝成手機(jī)出問題斷線了，而自己還不知道后面又繼續(xù)通話，可見假接電話也要多加小心，故A選項(xiàng)正確。在這個(gè)例子中，作者只是剛好假裝在和醫(yī)生通話，故B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)認(rèn)為fakefoning可能欺騙不了別人，是片面的，作者就很巧妙地化解了尷尬局面，成功騙了同事。選項(xiàng)D說假裝接電話總是成功的，根據(jù)最后這個(gè)例子來看這也未必，還是需要小心的。因此本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段可知，當(dāng)電活鈴?fù)蝗豁懫饡r(shí)，作者正好與同事四目相對(duì)，但是作者并未驚慌，只是很自然地說道：“這東西出什么毛病了?”同時(shí)拿開手機(jī)看了一下，然后重新放回耳邊說到：“喂喂喂，還在嗎?”由此可以看出，作者是對(duì)同事說了一句話，因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Itiswellknownthatteenageboystendtodobetter（1）maththangirls,thatmalehighschoolstudentsaremorelikelythantheirfemalecounterparts

（2）advancedmathcourseslikecalculus,thatvirtuallyallthegreatmathematicians

（3）

men.Arewomenbornwith（4）mathematicalability?Ordoessociety’ssexismslowtheirprogress?In1980,twoJohnsHopkinsUniversityresearcherstried

（5）theeternalnature/nurturedebate.JulianStanleyandCamillaBenbow

（6）10,000talentedseventhandeighthgradersbetween1972and1979.UsingtheScholasticAptitudeTest,inwhichmathquestionsaremeanttomeasureabilityratherthanknowledge,theydiscovered

（7）sexdifferences.（8）

theverbalabilitiesofthemalesandfemales

（9）differed,twiceasmanyboysasgirlsscoredover500(onascaleof200to800)onmathematicalability;atthe700level,theratiowas14to1.Theconclusion:maleshave

（10

）superiormathematicalreasoningability.

BenbowandStanley’sfindings,（11）werepublishedin“Science”，disturbedsomemenand（12）women.NowthereiscomfortforthosepeopleinanewstudyfromtheUniversityofChicagothatsuggestsmath

（13）not,afterall,anaturalmaledomain.Prof.ZalmanUsiskinstudied1,366tenthgraders.Theywereselectedfromgeometryclassesandtestedontheirabilitytosolvegeometryproofs,asubjectrequiring（

14）—abstractreasoningandspatialability.Theconclusion（15）byUsiskin:therearenosexdifferencesinmathability.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.at

B.top

C.of

D.about

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.intackling

B.tackling

C.totackle

D.abouttackling

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.mightbe

B.havebeen

C.mustbe

D.hadbeen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.smaller

B.less

C.fewer

D.notmore

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tosettle

B.toset

C.settling

D.setting.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.weretested

B.havetested

C.weretesting

D.hadtested

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.distinct

B.instinct

C.remotes

D.vague

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.Since

B.However

C.As

D.While

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.scarcelynot

B.virtually

C.largely

D.hardly.

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.superficially

B.universally

C.inherently

D.initially,

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.all

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.few

B.notafew

C.notfew

D.quitefew

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.were

C.was

D.is

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.noneof

B.neitherof

C.either

D.both

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.got

B.gained

C.reached

D.accomplished

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:C

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:D

第15題:C

【解析】1.考查固定搭配。dobetterat...在……方面做得更好。

2.考查固定搭配。belikelytodosth.可能做某事,故選C。

3.語法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)?？崭袼诰湟鉃?偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家?guī)缀酢际悄行?這里強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去到現(xiàn)在一直存在的事實(shí),因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

4.語義題。smaller更小的，一般指尺寸、數(shù)量等;less和fewer都可以表示更少的，較少的但less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，fewer修飾可數(shù)名詞;notmore不多。由關(guān)鍵詞ability可知B正確。

5.考查固定搭配。trytodosth.努力做某事。此處動(dòng)詞settle與debate搭配表示“解決爭(zhēng)端”。

6.語法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞between1972and1979可知，此處需耍用過去完成吋態(tài)。

7.考查形容詞辨析。distinct明顯的；instinct本能，天性；remote偏遠(yuǎn)的，偏僻的；vague模糊的。此處句意為:他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的性別之間有很大的不同,故選A。

8.考查邏輯關(guān)系。逗號(hào)前后兩個(gè)分句之間是對(duì)比關(guān)系，因此引導(dǎo)詞用while。

9.考查副詞辨析。scarcely幾乎不，一般沒有scarcelynot連用的情況；virtually事實(shí)上，幾乎;largely主要地，在很大程度上；hardly幾乎不。前后分句為對(duì)比關(guān)系。故選D。

10.考查副詞辨析。superficially表面地；universally普遍地；inherently固有地，內(nèi)在地;initially最初。這里想表達(dá)“相比女性,男性在數(shù)學(xué)方面有內(nèi)在優(yōu)勢(shì)”,故選C。

11.語法題?？疾閺木涞囊龑?dǎo)詞。“（

）werepublishedin‘Science’”這部分為非限制性定語從句修飾BenbowandStanley’sfindings，C項(xiàng)which能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,故選C。

12.語義題。few很少的；notafew不少，相當(dāng)多；沒有nowfew和quitefew的用法。此處句意為:這一研究結(jié)果讓一些男性和很多女性感到不安,故選B。

13.語法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處需填入系動(dòng)詞,此處主語是math,故排除A和B。根據(jù)提示詞now可知,D正確。

14.考查固定搭配。both...and...不但…而且…。

15.考查固定搭配。reachaconclusion得出結(jié)論。

15.單選題

Noonecanfunctioniftheyare（）ofadequatesleep.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.ripped

C.stripped

D.contrived

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deprive“使喪失，剝奪”，常和介詞of搭配；B選項(xiàng)rip“撕裂”；C選項(xiàng)strip“剝?nèi)ァ?；D選項(xiàng)contrive“謀劃，設(shè)法做到”。句意：如果剝奪了充足的睡眠，沒有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剝奪的意思，但是strip較普遍，多指剝削金錢，土地等物質(zhì)上的東西。而deprive除了前面的意思，還可以特指權(quán)利，勢(shì)力等東西。所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語境。

16.單選題

Illnesses（）toworkersinaparticularoccupationareknownasoccupationaldiseases.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.passive

B.specific

C.resistant

D.harmful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。由句中關(guān)鍵信息occupationaldiseases可知，這種病應(yīng)該指示某些特定行業(yè)的工人才會(huì)得病。所以specificto（表示“只限于……的，特定于……”）最符合句意，故本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)passive表示“被動(dòng)的；消極的”；C選項(xiàng)resistant表示“抵抗的，頑固的”；D選項(xiàng)harmful表示“有害的，危害的”?！揪湟狻恳恍┘膊≈挥刑囟殬I(yè)的工人會(huì)得，被稱為職業(yè)病。

17.單選題

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic（官僚主義的）managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand"human-relations"experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife-Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalaiybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubniissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyarctestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century"freeenterprise"capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities―thoseofallloveandofreason―aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By"awell-oiledcoginthemachinery"theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis（）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（）.

3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.susceptibility

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推斷,作者將人比喻成機(jī)械中運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好的齒輪,實(shí)則是想表明人們相對(duì)于社會(huì)中其他部分來說已經(jīng)變得不那么重要了。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工人和雇員們焦慮不僅是因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苊媾R著失業(yè),他們焦慮也因?yàn)樗麄儾荒塬@得任何有趣的生活和真正的滿足,但是真正的原因還是第二段的最后一句“Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.”,選項(xiàng)D他們被剝奪了個(gè)性和獨(dú)立性,符合原文,所以選D。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文以及題干可知,作者認(rèn)為這些人之所以焦慮是因?yàn)樘幱谝粋€(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì)之中,只有遠(yuǎn)離了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的社會(huì),才會(huì)有真正幸福的生活。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,...,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.我建議改變我們的社會(huì)制度形式，……在這種社會(huì)安排中，人及其全部的愛和理性的潛能的充分發(fā)展是社會(huì)安排的目的?！庇纱丝芍髡咛岢隽顺浞职l(fā)揮人的潛能的建議來解決當(dāng)前的社會(huì)問題，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在的工業(yè)主義使人喪失了其在社會(huì)中應(yīng)發(fā)揮的重要作用,最后一段提到了作者建議將工業(yè)主義轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N以人為本的工業(yè)主義,所以作者對(duì)待工業(yè)主義的態(tài)度是不滿的。選項(xiàng)B正確。

18.單選題

Inordertorepairbarns,buildfences,growcrops,andcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restless

B.skilled

C.strong

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。restless“坐立不安的，不耐煩的”；skilled“有技能的，熟練的”；strong“強(qiáng)壯的，強(qiáng)健的”；versatile“多才多藝的，多用途的”。句意：為了修繕谷倉(cāng)、建立柵欄、種植莊稼以及飼養(yǎng)牲畜，事實(shí)上，農(nóng)民必須是多才多藝的。根據(jù)句意可知，農(nóng)民應(yīng)該是多才多藝的，故答案選D。

19.單選題

Whetheryoulivetoeatoreattolive,foodisamajor（）ineveryfamily’sbudget.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nutrition

B.expenditure

C.routine

D.provision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)nutrition表示“營(yíng)養(yǎng)；營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)；營(yíng)養(yǎng)品”；B選項(xiàng)expenditure表示“支出，花費(fèi)；經(jīng)費(fèi)，消費(fèi)額”；C選項(xiàng)routine表示“程序；日常工作；例行公事”；D選項(xiàng)provision表示“規(guī)定；條款；準(zhǔn)備；供應(yīng)品”。根據(jù)句意可知，食物在每個(gè)家庭的預(yù)算中都是主要的支出，因此B選項(xiàng)最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B。

20.單選題

Thepuzzleofleft-handednessseemstobeamodestgrowthareaincurrentresearch.Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms,althoughitisnotclearwhethertheoverproductionofhormonecausesthedefensedefect,orissimplyonesymptomofageneralimbalance.Couldthisexplainwhy13percentofmalechildren,butonly10percentoffemales,areleft-handed?

Today,veryroughly10percentofthepopulationisleft-handed.Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory.Fromwrittenrecords,andevenpainting,researcherscangetaguidetotheincidenceofleft-handednessamongourrecentancestors

Lookingfurtherback,someexpertsclaimtobeabletotellfromtheshapingofflint(打火石)toolswhetherourStoneAgeforebearswereleft-orright-handedwhilethehabitofcavepaintersofleavinghandprints(as“signatures”)onwallsatleasttellsuswhichhandanindividualusedformarkingwalls.Theevidencesuggeststhat10percentofthepopulationwasleft-handed.

Thisisacommonevolutionarypatternwheretherearevariationsthateachprovidessomeadvantagefortheindividualthatcarriesthem,butnotanoverwhelmingadvantage,sothatallthevariationsexistsomewhereinthepopulation.

Abalanceisstruckinwhichtheproportionsofthepopulationinwhicheachversionisexpressedstayroughlythesameformgenerationtogeneration-asinthecaseofbloodgroups,forexample.Theremustbesomeadvantage,inDarwinianterms,inbeingaleft-handeramongapopulationofpredominantlyright-handedpeople.Butthisisverydifferentfromthepatternseeninmostanimals.

Ournearrelatives,thechimpanzees,alsoshowindividualpreferenceforonehandortheother,buthalfthechimppopulationisleft-handed.Evenratsshowthesamesplit-50percentleft-pawedand50percentright-pawed.Manmaynotquitebeuniqueamongmammals;therehavebeenclaimsthatpolarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions.Butbycomparisonwithourcousinapes,itlooksasifresearchintoleft-handednessinpeoplemaybeaskingthewrongquestion.

Therealpuzzleisnotwhy10percentofpeopleareleft-handed,butwhy90percentareright-handed.Whathashappenedtothehumanspecies,inevolutionaryterms,totiltthebalanceawayfromleft-handersinfavorofright-handers?Whyismantheright-handedape?Nobodyhasasatisfactoryanswer.Butitisoneofthecuriositiesofscientificresearchthatstudiesofsomethingseeming