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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Americanstodaybelieve,erroneouslythatacceptablesocialbehaviorfollowseffortlesslyfrompersonalvirtue.The(1)betweenmoralsandmannershasbecomeblurred(模糊).Allyouneedisagoodheart,mostpeople
(2)
andtherestwilltakecareofitself.Youdon'thavetowritethank-younotes.
ManyAmericansbelievethatnaturalbehaviorisbeautiful.The"natural"
(3)
tohumanrelationspresumesthattoknowanyperson
(4)
istolovehim.Thattheonlyhumanproblemisacommunicationproblem.This
(5)
thatpeoplemightbeseparatedbybasic,genuinelyirreconcilable(不可調(diào)和的)differences-philosophical,political,orreligious-andassumesthatallsuchdifferencesare
(
6)
misunderstandings.
Indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently(非故意的).Agentlemanopensadoorforaladybecausehismothertaughthimthatladies
(7)
suchcourtesies,butshe
(8
)
andspitsinhiseyebecauseliehasinsultedherwomanhood.Ayounglady
(9)
inacrowdedbustoanelderly,frailgentleman,andliegivesheradirtylookbecauseshehasinsultedhismanhood.
(10)
you,thosearejustpeopletryingtobenice;theonlyproblemisthattheyare
(11)
ondifferentsystemsofetiquette.
Curiously,ithasneverbeen
(12)
toinsultpeopleintentionally.Ifyousay,"YouarenastyandIhateyou”thepersonisapttoreply,"Oh,you'refeeling
(13)
:I’llwaituntilyoufeelbetter.”
Theideathatpeoplecanbehave"naturally"withoutresortingtoa(n)
(14)
codetacitly(心照不宣的)agreeduponbytheirsocietyisassillyastheideathattheycancommunicatebyusingalanguagewithout
(15)
acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules.
問題1選項
A.instinct
B.distinction
C.intuition
D.similarity
問題2選項
A.resume
B.perform
C.assume
D.conduct
問題3選項
A.approach
B.way
C.road
D.means
問題4選項
A.enoughwell
B.enoughgood
C.goodenough
D.wellenough
問題5選項
A.approves
B.denies
C.supports
D.disagrees
問題6選項
A.nomorethan
B.notmorethan
C.abitmorethan
D.muchmorethan
問題7選項
A.dislike
B.appreciate
C.thank
D.approve
問題8選項
A.turnsout
B.turnsup
C.turnsaround
D.looksaround
問題9選項
A.offering
B.offers
C.offered
D.offer
問題10選項
A.Mind
B.Warn
C.Beware
D.Notice
問題11選項
A.doing
B.assuming
C.trying
D.operating
問題12選項
A.harder
B.easier
C.worse
D.better
問題13選項
A.friendly
B.terrible
C.disgusting
D.hostile
問題14選項
A.natural
B.artificial
C.unnatural
D.artistic
問題15選項
A.superficially
B.profoundly
C.commonly
D.individually
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:B
第6題:A
第7題:B
第8題:C
第9題:B
第10題:A
第11題:D
第12題:A
第13題:B
第14題:B
第15題:C
【解析】1.考察名詞詞義辨析。instinct“本能”,distinction“區(qū)別”,intuition“直覺”;similarity“相似”。根據(jù)后面blur(模糊)這個詞可知此處講述的是“美德”與“禮貌”之間的“區(qū)別”已經(jīng)被模糊化,因此選項B符合題意。
2.考察動詞詞義辨析。resume“重新開始,繼續(xù),恢復(fù)”;perform“執(zhí)行;完成;表演”;assume“假定;設(shè)想”;conduct“組織,實施;表現(xiàn)”。Mostpeople____在此處是個插入語,空格處所在句子的大意是:你需要的只是一顆善良的新,大部分人設(shè)想,剩下的事情會自己解決。選項C符合題意。
3.考察固定搭配。way,approach,means都有“方法”的意思,但搭配不同。approachto+n./doingsth;waytodo/ofdoingsth和bymeansof均為“做某事的方法”,根據(jù)橫線后是名詞判斷答案是A。
4.考察語法結(jié)構(gòu)。考察enough的用法以及good/well的區(qū)別。good是形容詞,well為副詞。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時,應(yīng)置于其后。根據(jù)前文動詞know,可知空格處應(yīng)該填入一個副詞,因此選項D符合題意。
5.考察動詞詞義辨析。approve“批準;贊成;滿意”;deny“否認”;support“支持”,disagree“不同意”。前面提到“人類唯一的問題是溝通問題”(theonlyhumanproblemsisacommunicationproblem),后文提到“這些差異都是誤解”(allsuchdifferencesare___misunderstanding),說明導致溝通問題的原因只是因為誤解,而不是哲學、政治、或者宗教這些層面的差異,所以空格處填入“否認”這個詞符合題意,選項B符合。
6.考察詞組辨析。nomorethan“僅僅,只是”;notmorethan“不超過,至多”;abitmore“多一點”;muchmorethan“更加,多得多”。根據(jù)前文可知“這些禪意僅僅是因為誤解”,選項A符合題意。
7.考察動詞詞義辨析。dislike“不喜歡”;appreciate“欣賞”;thank“感謝”;approve“批準,贊成”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠鉃椋杭澥繛榕块_門是因為他的母親告訴他女士___這樣的行為,根據(jù)常識,可知是“欣賞這樣的行為”,選項B符合題意。
8.考察詞組辨析。turnout“證明是,結(jié)果是”;turnup“出現(xiàn);發(fā)生;開大”;turnaround“轉(zhuǎn)身”;lookaround“四處看”,根據(jù)并列連詞but可知此句與上文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,那位女士并沒有欣賞他的行為,而是轉(zhuǎn)身給他一個白眼,選項C符合題意。
9.考察主謂一致。根據(jù)andliegivesher…,可知空格處的謂語動詞也應(yīng)該是一般現(xiàn)在時,主語為ayounggirl,所以動詞用第三人稱單數(shù),選項B符合題意。
10.考察固定搭配。mindyou是口語,意思是“請注意”。選項A符合題意。
11.考察動詞詞義辨析??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠馐牵何ㄒ坏膯栴}是他們在不同的禮儀體系進行操作。選項D符合題意。
12.考察上下文邏輯。上一段提到indeed,ithasneverbeeneasiertoinsultpeopleinadvertently,此處intentionally“故意地”可知此處應(yīng)是與這一句意思相反,因此選項A符合題意。
13.考察形容詞詞義辨析。friendly“友好地”;terrible“糟糕的”;disgusting“令人厭惡的”;hostile“懷有敵意的;敵對的”。根據(jù)前文的“nasty”“hate”可知是感覺很糟糕,所以選項B符合題意。
14.考察形容詞詞義辨析。natural“自然的”;artificial“人造的,人為的”;unnatural“不自然的”;artistic“藝術(shù)的”。由codetacitlyagreeduponbytheirsociety和acceptedsemanticandgrammaticalrules“公認的語義和語法規(guī)則”可知填artificial表示“人為的”符合文意。
15.考察副詞詞義辨析。superficially“表面地”;profoundly“深刻地”;commonly“一般地”;individually“個別地”??崭裉幩诰渥拥拇笠鉃椋核麄兡苁褂靡环N不被大眾接受的語義和語法規(guī)則。選項C符合題意。
2.單選題
Therewasonlyasmall()inthecity'spopulationoverthelasttenyears.
問題1選項
A.intimacy
B.immortality
C.increment
D.incidence
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項intimacy表示“性關(guān)系,親密;親昵行為”;B選項immortality表示“不朽,不滅”;C選項increment表示“增量,增加,盈余”;D選項incidence表示“發(fā)生率,影響,后果”。由句意“在過去十年里,這個城市的人口只有少量”可知,只有C項最符合句意。因此,本題正確答案為C項。
3.單選題
Thistransformationismarkedbyseveraldevelopments.Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal,thereareunfoldingwithin(1)boundariesandtypicallyarebeingfoughtbymultiplesemi-autonomousarmedgroups.Theseconflictsare(2)byaparticularbrandoflawlessness,crueltyandchaos.Inparticular,theyaredefinedbythesystematicandwidespreadtargetingofcivilian(3).(4)thesesituations,warringpartiesroutinelyignoreinternationalhumanitarianlaw,whichhastraditionallymoderated,ifnotgoverned,theconductofinter-state(5).
Theseconflictstendtobeprotracted,lasting(6)ifnotdecades,ofteninrecurring(7),thusexposingsuccessivegenera(8)soldiers.Anotherfeatureoftheseconflictsistheproliferationoflight-weight(9)thatareeasilyassembledandbornebychildren.Moreoverthe(10)useofanti-personnellandmineshasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildreninthesesituations.
問題1選項
A.national
B.international
C.external
D.internal
問題2選項
A.named
B.characterized
C.labeled
D.called
問題3選項
A.peoples
B.person
C.men
D.populations
問題4選項
A.Under
B.On
C.In
D.With
問題5選項
A.wars
B.battles
C.fights
D.disputes
問題6選項
A.months
B.years
C.hours
D.days
問題7選項
A.recycles
B.circles
C.cycles
D.loops
問題8選項
A.infant
B.baby
C.children
D.child
問題9選項
A.guns
B.weapons
C.pistols
D.rifles
問題10選項
A.indiscriminate
B.discriminate
C.discriminating
D.discriminated
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:A
第5題:D
第6題:B
第7題:C
第8題:C
第9題:B
第10題:A
【解析】1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項national表示“國家的”,B選項international表示“國際的,世界的”,C選項external表示“外部的,外面的”,D選項internal表示“內(nèi)部的,國內(nèi)的”。根據(jù)Almostallthemajorarmedconflictsintheworldtodayareinternal可知“當今世界,幾乎所有主要的武裝沖突都是內(nèi)部的”可知,這些沖突不會逾越國家的范疇,因此withinnationalboundaries符合上下文,故本題正確答案為A。
2.考查固定搭配。詞組becharacterizedby表示“具有……的特性;以……為特征”。四個選項中只有B選項可以與by構(gòu)成搭配,故本題正確答案為B。
3.考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意,空缺處應(yīng)填入表示“人們”的名詞且應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù),故排除peoples(民族)和表示單數(shù)的person(人)。populations意為各地人口,表示一個群體,比一般意義的men更符合上下文語義,因此本題正確答案選D。
4.考查固定搭配。詞組underthesesituations表示“在這種情形下”。
5.考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項wars表示“戰(zhàn)爭”,是總稱,一般包括多個大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)役;B選項battles表示“戰(zhàn)爭,競爭,搏斗”,側(cè)重某一次具體全面的戰(zhàn)斗;C選項fights表示“打架,斗爭”,側(cè)重描述戰(zhàn)爭的動作;D選項disputes表示“爭論,爭端”,側(cè)重意見有分歧。四個選項中disputes“爭端”范圍最廣。因此,本題正確答案為D項。
6.考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息decades“數(shù)十年”可知空缺處填years最符合句意。故本題正確答案為B項。
7.考查固定搭配。分析空缺處句子可知,inrecurring是方式狀語,A選項recycles表示“回收,循環(huán)利用”,B選項circles表示“圓,循環(huán)”,C選項cycles表示“周期,循環(huán)”,D選項loops表示“環(huán)形,環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu)”。只有C選項可以與in構(gòu)成詞組incycles,表示“周期性地(發(fā)生)”,而inrecurringcycles表示“重復(fù)周期性地(發(fā)生)”。因此,本題正確答案為C項。
8.考查語法結(jié)構(gòu)??杖碧幪钊氲拿~作soldiers的定語,soldiers為復(fù)數(shù),所以修飾部分的名詞也用復(fù)數(shù),childrensoldiers表示“童子軍”。因此,本題正確答案為C項。
9.考查名詞詞義辨析。空缺處填入的名詞被light-weight(輕型的)所修飾。A選項guns表示“槍,炮”,B選項weapons表示“武器”,C選項pistols表示“手槍”,D選項rifles表示“步槍”。根據(jù)上下文可知,此處并不能確定使用的是哪種槍支,故選擇weapons“武器”表示的范圍最廣。因此,本題正確答案為B項。
10.考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項indiscriminate表示“任意的,無差別的,不分青紅皂白的”;B選項discriminate表示“v.區(qū)別,辨別”;C選項discriminating表示“不公平對待的,有辨識的”;D選項discriminated表示“受歧視的”。根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵信息hasexacerbatedthevulnerabilityofchildren(加劇了兒童的脆弱性)可知,空缺處選擇A項最符合句意。因此,本題正確答案為A項。
4.翻譯題
A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.
AccordingtothetraditionalChineselunarcalendar,we’llofficiallywelcometheYearoftheHorsefollowingthearrivalofSpringFestival.
Thehorsehasplayedanimportantrotethroughouthumanhistoryallovertheworld.Horseswereusedforthousandsofyearsasameansoftransport,aweaponofwarandaplougheroffields,butthehorsewasmorethanjustavehicle—ithadmorecharacterthanacar,atankoratractor.IntheMiddleAgesinWesternsocieties,thehorsewasasymbolofchivalry(騎士精神)andnobility.Infact,theword‘‘chivalry’,coinesfrom“cheval”inOldFrench,whichmeanthorse.Theideaofchivalryhelpedtofashionthe19th-centuryconceptofthe“gentleman”,whichwasrelatedtocourtesy,courageandloyaltytofriends.Nowadays,becauseofeconomicdevelopment,peopleinModemsocietiesarelesslikelytoseeorridehorses.Peoplelivingincities,inparticular,hardlyeverexperiencehorsesexceptthroughmovies,paintingsorbooks.
Besidestheirphysicalstrengths,horseshavepowerfulbrains.Maybethat’swhytheChineseidiomsays:“Anoldhorsenevergetslost”.Sincethehorseishonoredasasymbolofvigor,loyalty,persistenceandintelligence,peoplebomintheYearoftheHorsearesaidtosharesuchgoodqualities.
B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.
中國作為文明古國,同樣有著輝煌的城市發(fā)展史。中國的城市也具有自身特色。改革開放30多年來,中國工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化(urbanization)步伐明顯加快,城鎮(zhèn)居民從1.7億人增加到近7億人,形成了一批有重要影響與發(fā)展活力的城市群,促進了經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會進步。城市化對經(jīng)濟、社會、文化都有巨大而深遠的影響。面向未來,中國致力于推動科學發(fā)展,加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟發(fā)展方式,把城鎮(zhèn)化作為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重大戰(zhàn)略。
【答案】A.
按照中國農(nóng)歷,隨著春節(jié)的到來,我們將正式迎來馬年。
在世界各國,馬在人類歷史上都扮演著舉足輕重的角色。數(shù)千年來,馬被用作運輸工具、戰(zhàn)爭武器以及犁地農(nóng)具。但其實,馬不僅僅是一種交通工具,其地位要遠超汽車、坦克和拖拉機。在中世紀的西方社會,馬是騎士精神和貴族的象征。實際上,騎士精神chivalry—詞來源于古法語中的“馬(cheval)”。在騎士精祌的推動下,19世紀代表禮貌、勇氣和真誠的“紳士粘祌”成為一種風尚。如今,隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代社會的人很少看到馬或騎馬。尤其是城市中的人們,除了通過電影、繪畫和書籍,幾乎沒有接觸過馬。
馬除了健壯的體魄外,還擁有強大的頭腦,這或許就是成語“老馬識途”的由來吧。馬是活力、忠誠、毅力和智慧的象征,因此傳說屬馬之人也具備這些優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。
B.
China,acountrywithanancientcivilization,alsohasaproudhistoryofurbandevelopment.Chinesecitiesarealsouniqueintheirownways.Sincethelaunchingofreformandopening-upprogramover30yearsago,Chinahasquickenedthepaceofindustrializationandurbanization,withurbanpopulationincreasingfrom170milliontosome700million.Theemergenceofanumberofcityclusterswithstronginfluenceanddynamismfordevelopmenthasboostedeconomicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.Urbanizationhasatremendousandprofoundimpactoneconomy,societyandculture.Goingforward,Chinawillpursuedevelopmentinascientificway,accelerateshiftofthegrowthmodelandtakeurbanizationasanimportantstrategyforpromotingmodernization.
5.單選題
Peoplebuyinsuranceinorderto()asmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertain,catastrophicone.
問題1選項
A.return
B.substitute
C.institute
D.predict
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定詞組搭配。固定搭配substitute...for...表示“用……代替……”。A選項return表示“返回,報答,回擊”;C選項institute表示“實行,授予(學位),提起(訴訟)”;D選項predict表示“預(yù)言,預(yù)測”?!揪湟狻咳藗冑I保險是為了用一個可以確定和容忍的小損失來替代大的、不確定的、災(zāi)難性的損失。
6.單選題
Thisticket()youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.
問題1選項
A.gives
B.grants
C.entitles
D.credits
【答案】C
【解析】動詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意:這張票使你有資格在我們新開的餐館享受一頓免費的用餐。C選項entitle“使某人有...權(quán)利或資格”,后常接介詞to意為“擁有...的權(quán)利”,符合語境;A選項give和B選項grant都有“授予”的意思,但接sb.的時候后不接介詞,而是give/grantsb.sth.,所以均不正確;D選項credit做動詞意為“相信,把...歸給”,不符合語境。所以本題選C。
7.單選題
Noonecanfunctioniftheyare()ofadequatesleep.
問題1選項
A.deprived
B.ripped
C.stripped
D.contrived
【答案】A
【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項deprive“使喪失,剝奪”,常和介詞of搭配;B選項rip“撕裂”;C選項strip“剝?nèi)ァ保籇選項contrive“謀劃,設(shè)法做到”。句意:如果剝奪了充足的睡眠,沒有人能正常工作。deprive和strip都有剝奪的意思,但是strip較普遍,多指剝削金錢,土地等物質(zhì)上的東西。而deprive除了前面的意思,還可以特指權(quán)利,勢力等東西。所以選項A更符合語境。
8.單選題
Hewas(
)totellthetrutheventohisclosedfriend.
問題1選項
A.toomuchofacoward
B.toomuchthecoward
C.acowardenough
D.enoughofacoward
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:他太膽怯,甚至都不敢把真相告訴他的好朋友。toomuchofa...todosth.是英語中的固定用法,是too...to...句式與muchofa...句式的混合用法,表示“太…而不能…”,只有A項符合,因此答案選A。
9.單選題
Inordertorepairbarns,buildfences,growcrops,andcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe(
).
問題1選項
A.restless
B.skilled
C.strong
D.versatile
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。restless“坐立不安的,不耐煩的”;skilled“有技能的,熟練的”;strong“強壯的,強健的”;versatile“多才多藝的,多用途的”。句意:為了修繕谷倉、建立柵欄、種植莊稼以及飼養(yǎng)牲畜,事實上,農(nóng)民必須是多才多藝的。根據(jù)句意可知,農(nóng)民應(yīng)該是多才多藝的,故答案選D。
10.單選題
Ifapersonfailstoconformtoconventionalbehavior,heislikelytobebyothers.
問題1選項
A.preserved
B.instructed
C.avoided
D.selected
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息failstoconformtoconventionalbehavior可知,這種行為不合常規(guī)。那么別人有可能會因此生厭,敬而遠之。詞組beavoidedbyothers表示“被他人遠離(或排擠)”,最符合句意,A選項preserved表示“保護,保存”;B選項instructed表示“指示,教育,指導”;C選項表示“”;D選項selected表示“選擇,挑選”。因此,本題正確答案為C項?!揪湟狻咳绻粋€人行為不合常規(guī),那么別人很可能對他敬而遠之。
11.單選題
Airpollution(
)tomanykindsofdiseases.
問題1選項
A.confirms
B.communicates
C.consumes
D.contributes
【答案】D
【解析】考察動詞詞義辨析。confirm“確認;確定;證實”;communicate“傳達;感染;顯露”;consume“消耗,消費”;contribute“貢獻,捐獻”。contributeto“有助于,捐獻”。句意:空氣污染導致各種疾病。
12.單選題
Itistimethatsomeonemadehim(
)oftheeffectsofhisactions.
問題1選項
A.unconscious
B.aware
C.assured
D.thoughtful
【答案】B
【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。unconscious“無意識的;失去知覺的”;aware“意識到的;知道的”;assured“確定的;自信的”;thoughtful“體貼的”。句意:應(yīng)該有人使他意識到他的行為的影響了。選項B符合題意。
13.單選題
"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle'sLyceumhadamouseion,amuses’shrine.AlthoughtheGreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples―notablythatofHeraatOlympia(beforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllit)—hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.
TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlyGreek)forexhibition,Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses’shrine”
Theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.Princes,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.
Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,"butsite-specific",andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem—andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation,andsocouldbeconsideredMuses'shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,theBelvedereandtheCapitolinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.
Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylumgalleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.Then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMuseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNalurhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.
1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat().
2.TheideathatMuseumcouldmeanamountainorallobjectsoriginatesfrom().
3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat().
4.Paintingandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere().
5.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?
問題1選項
A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury
B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears
C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans
D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections
問題2選項
A.theRomans
B.Florence
C.Olympia
D.Greek
問題3選項
A.therewasagreatdemandforfakers
B.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber
C.fakersbecamemoreskillful
D.fakersbecamemorepolite
問題4選項
A.collectedfromelsewhere
B.madepartofthebuildings
C.donatedbypeople
D.boughtbychurches
問題5選項
A.Theevolutionofmuseums
B.Collectionandcollectors
C.Modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions
D.Thebirthofmuseums
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.推理判斷題。slippery意為狡猾的,不穩(wěn)定的。再根據(jù)下一段的內(nèi)容可以推測,這里是指它的意思多年來已經(jīng)改變了。所以選項B正確。
2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtotheMuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希臘語中)是獻給繆斯的任何東西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花園、一個節(jié)日,甚至是一本教科書?!庇纱丝芍x項D正確。
3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文句意:隨著它們的增加和擴大,作為補充,造假者的技藝變得越來越精湛。選項C符合原文。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它們不是被“收藏”,而是“特定場地的”,被認為是建筑不可或缺的一部分。選項B符合原文。
5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了“museum”一詞的演變及其現(xiàn)代意義的由來,所以選項A最能概括本文主旨。
14.單選題
Don’tthisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego-ahead.
問題1選項
A.relieve
B.release
C.relate
D.inform
【答案】B
【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項relieve表示“解除,減輕”;B選項release表示“釋放,發(fā)布”;C選項relate表示“涉及,關(guān)聯(lián),認同”;D選項inform表示“通知,告訴”。根據(jù)句意可知,在得到許可前切勿向大眾發(fā)布消息。故本題正確答案為B選項。
15.單選題
Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular(
).
問題1選項
A.gaps
B.rate
C.length
D.intervals
【答案】D
【解析】句意:學生或老師可以每隔一段時間就進行一次短途旅行,到海島附近美麗的沙灘上去。
考查短語辨析。at...rate以……速度:atintervals不時,每隔一段時間;atlength詳盡地;atgap,無此搭配。故選D。
16.單選題
Reebokexecutivesdonotliketoheartheirstylishathleticshoescalledfootwearforyuppies.TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.Theexecutivesalsopointoutthatthroughrecentacquisitionstheyhaveaddedhikingboots,dressandcasualshoes,andhigh-performanceathleticfootweartotheirproductlines,allofwhichshouldattractnewandvariedgroupsofcustomers.
Still,despiteitsemphasisonnewmarkets,Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetworkthathelpedpushsalesto1billionannually,aheadofallothersportsshoemarketers.Rebookshoes,whicharcpricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores,inaccordancewiththecompany’sviewthatconsumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution.
Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.Atpresent,ReebokshoesareavailableinaboutfivethousandretailstoresintheUnitedStates.
Reebokhasalreadyanticipatedthatwalkingshoeswillbethenextfitness-relatedcraze,replacingaerobicsshoesthesamewayitsbrightlycolored,softleatherexercisefootwearreplacedconventionalrunningshoes.Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.
1.OnereasonwhyReebok’smanagerialpersonneldon'tliketheirshoestobecalled“footwear
ofyuppies”isthat().
2.Reebok’sviewthat“consumersjudgethequalityofthebrandbythequalityofitsdistribution”(Line5,Para.2)impliesthat().
3.Reebokoncehadtolimitthenumberofitsdistributorsbecause().
4.AlthoughtheReebokCompanyhassolvedtheproblemoffulfillingitsorders,it().
5.WhatlessonhasReeboklearnedfromNike’sdistributionproblems?
問題1選項
A.theybelievethattheirshoesarepopularwithpeopleofdifferentagegroups
B.newproductionlineshavebeenaddedtoproduceinexpensiveshoes
C.“yuppies”usuallyevokesanegativeimage
D.thetermmakespeoplethinkofprohibitiveprices.
問題2選項
A.thequalityofabrandismeasuredbytheservicequalityofthestoresellingit
B.thequalityofaproductdeterminesthequalityofitsdistributors
C.thepopularityofabrandisdeterminedbythestoresthatsellit
D.consumersbelievethatfirst-rateproductsareonlysoldbyhigh-qualitystores
問題3選項
A.itssupplyofproductsfellshortofdemand
B.toomanydistributorswouldcutintoitsprofits
C.thereductionofdistributorscouldincreaseitsshareofthemarket
D.itwantedtoenhanceconsumerconfidenceinitsproducts
問題4選項
A.doesnotwanttofurtherexpanditsretailingnetwork
B.stilllimitsthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores
C.isstillparticularaboutwhosellsitsproducts
D.Stillcarefullychoosesthemanufacturersofitsproducts.
問題5選項
A.Acompanyshouldnotsellitshighqualityshoesindiscountstores.
B.Acompanyshouldnotlimititsdistributionnetwork.
C.Acompanyshoulddofollow-upsurveysofitsproducts.
D.Acompanyshouldcorrectlyevaluatetheimpactofanewcrazeonthemarket.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段第二句活TheycontendthatReebokshoesappealtodiversemarketsegments,especiallynowthatthecompanyoffersbasketballandchildren’sshoesfortheunder18setandwalkingshoesforoldercustomersnotinterestedinaerobicsorrunning.“他們認為,銳步關(guān)注的是多元化的細分市場,特別是因為公司在為18歲以下顧客制造籃球鞋和童鞋的同時,也為不愛做有氧運動或跑步的老年顧客提供步行鞋?!保纱丝芍J步關(guān)注的是多元化的細分市場。所以A項正確。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可以定位在文章第二段的Reebokplansfewchangesintheupmarketretailingnetwork.“銳步計劃對高端市場零售網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行一些調(diào)整?!焙蚏ebookshoes,whicharepricedfrom$27to$85,willcontinuetobesoldonlyinbetterspecialty,sportinggoods,anddepartmentstores.“價格在27美元到85美元之間的Rebook運動鞋將繼續(xù)只在更好的專業(yè)產(chǎn)品、體育用品和百貨商店出售”。故D項“消費者認為一流的產(chǎn)品只會在高質(zhì)量的店鋪被售賣?!狈项}意。
3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干定位在文章第三段Inthepastfewyears,theMassachusetts-basedcompanyhasimposedlimitsonthenumberofitsdistributors(andthenumberofshoessuppliedtostores),partlyoutofnecessity.AttimestheunexpecteddemandforReebok’sexceededsupply,andthecompanycouldbarelykeepupwithordersfromthedealersitalreadyhad.。過去幾年,這家總部位于馬薩諸塞州的公司對其分銷商的數(shù)量(以及供應(yīng)給商店的鞋的數(shù)量)進行了限制,這在一定程度上是出于必要。有時銳步的需求超出了供應(yīng),難以滿足經(jīng)銷商的訂單。由此可知A項“供不應(yīng)求”。
4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位在文章第三段中的Thesefulfillmentproblemsseemtobeundercontrolnow,butthecompanyisstillselectiveaboutitsdistributors.這些問題現(xiàn)在似乎得到了控制,但公司仍然對經(jīng)銷商很挑剔?!庇纱丝芍狢項“對于讓誰來銷售他們的產(chǎn)品仍然挑剔”符合題意,答案選C。
5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到最后—段中的Throughproductdiversificationandcarefulmarketresearch,ReebokhopestoavoidthedistributionproblemsNikecameacrossseveralyearsago,whenNikemisjudgedthestrengthoftheaerobicsshoecrazeandwasforcedtounloadhugeinventoriesofrunningshoesthroughdiscountstores.“通過產(chǎn)品多樣化和仔細的市場調(diào)查,銳步希望避免耐克幾年前遇到的分銷問題,當時耐克誤判了健美鞋熱潮的強度,被迫通過折扣店出售大量庫存的跑鞋?!庇纱丝芍狣項“企業(yè)應(yīng)該正確估計市場上新熱潮的影響”。符合題意。因此選D。
17.單選題
Californiaisalandofvarietyandcontrast.Almosteverytypeofphysicallandfeature,sortofarcticicefieldsandtropicaljunglescanbefoundwithinitsborders.Sharplycontrastingtypesoflandoftenlieveryclosetooneanother.
PeoplelivinginBakersfield,forinstance,canvisitthePacificOceanandthecoastalplain,thefertileSanJoaquinValley,thearidMojaveDesert,andthehighSierraNevada,allwithinaradiusofabout100miles.Inotherareasitispossibletogosnowskiinginthemorningandsurfingintheeveningofthesameday,withouthavingtotravellongdistance.
ContrastaboundsinCalifornia.ThehighestpointintheUnitedStates(outsideAlaska)isinCalifornia,andsoisthelowestpoint(includingAlaska).MountWhitney,14,494feetabovesealevel,isseparatedfromDeathValley,282feetbelowsealevel,byadistanceofonly100miles.Thetwoareashaveadifferenceinaltitudeofalmostthreemiles.
Californiahasdeep,clearmountainlakeslikeLakeTahoe,thedeepestinthecountry,butitalsohasshallow,saltydesertlakes.IthasLakeTulainyo,12,020feetabovesealevel,andthelowestlakeinthecountry,theSaltonSea,236feetbelowsealevel.Someofitslakes,likeOwensLakeinDeathValley,arenotlakesatall:theyaredrieduplakebeds.
Inadditiontomountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,andplateaus,CaliforniahasitsPacificcoastline,stretchinglongerthanthecoastlinesofOregonandWashingtoncombined.
1.WhichofthefollowingisthelowestpointintheUnitedStates?
2.WhereisthehighestpointintheUnitedStateslocated?
3.HowfarawayisDeathValleyfromMountWhitney?
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasbeingwithinaradiusofabout100milesofBakersfield?
5.WhichstatementbestdemonstratesthatCaliforniaisalandofvarietyandcontrast?
問題1選項
A.LakeTulainyo
B.Mojavedesert
C.DeathValley
D.TheSaltonSea
問題2選項
A.LakeTahoe
B.SierraNevada
C.MountWhitney
D.Alaska
問題3選項
A.about3miles
B.Only100miles
C.282feet
D.14,494feet
問題4選項
A.ThePacificOcean.
B.SanJoaquinValley
C.MojaveDesert
D.OregonandWashington
問題5選項
A.ThehighestlakeinCaliforniaisLakeTulainyo
B.Itispossibletogosurfingandsnowskii
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