現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語法講解

判斷下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)1.Sheworksinafactory.2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.5.Areyouhelpingyourmother?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)thePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語+have(has)+過去分詞比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990。*一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只說明上星期看了這部電影，不涉與現(xiàn)在的情況。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑問式與簡(jiǎn)單回答形式（以動(dòng)詞study為例）：

肯定式：I（You）havestudied.He(She,It)hasstudied.We(You,They)havestudied.

否定式I(You)havenot/haven’tstudied.He(She,It)hasnot/hasn’tstudied.We(You,They)havenot/haven’t

studied.疑問式：HaveI(you)studied?

Yes,you(I)

have./No,you(I)haven’t.

Hashe(she,it)studied?

Yes,he(she,it)

has.／No,he(she,it)hasn’t.

Havewe(you,they)studied?

Yes,you(we,they)

have.

No,you(we,they)

haven’t.(2)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則與不規(guī)則你還記得過去式嗎？

1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：與過去時(shí)變化相同。

(1)一般+-ed

work---worked---worked

(2)以“e”結(jié)尾,+-

d。

live---lived---lived

(3)

“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，y變i,+-ed。

cry---cried---cried

(4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾(輔元輔)，雙寫后+-ed。

drop---dropped--dropped2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，見不規(guī)則表（p120）動(dòng)詞過去分詞(pp)變化規(guī)則

請(qǐng)用兩個(gè)單詞分別寫現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句，否定句和疑問句。Ihavewrittenmypostcard.Ihaven’twrittenmypostcard.Haveyouwrittenyourpostcard?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：Ilivedhere5yearsago.Ihavelivedherefor5years.Ihavelivedheresince5yearsago.Itis\hasbeen5yearssinceIlivedhere.

含義和用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadit.(含義是:簡(jiǎn)現(xiàn)在不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語連用.

表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。注意：動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性)Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.時(shí)間狀語關(guān)鍵詞3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet

？4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如ever,never,twice,

Haveyouever

beentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用,如now,just,today,thismorning/week/month/year,inthepast\lastfew(3)years,uptonow,sofar,foralongtime(forlong),till\untilnow等:1.Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

2.Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom.3.TherehasbeentoomuchraininBeijingthisyear.4.Uptonoweverythinghasbeensuccessful.

5.Shijiazhuanghaschangedalotinthepast\last3years.對(duì)兩個(gè)基本定義的加深另類理解6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前已完成的動(dòng)作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,在后面加上for+一段時(shí)間,則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性.TomhasstudiedEnglish.(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)英語了)Tomhasstudied

English

forthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andheisstillstudyingitnow.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成”和“未完成”用法7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Wehavehadteststhissemester.四

特殊句型1.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))=一段時(shí)間+haspassed

+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))

e.g.Itisfiveyearssince

Ijoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.

eg.他去世了兩年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.注:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀yesterday,lastyear,in1980,threedaysago,justnow,whenIcamein等連用這本書我借了一個(gè)月了。Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.(一般過去時(shí))Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型1it’s/been+時(shí)間since+一般過去)Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.(句型2時(shí)間+passedsince+一般過去時(shí))

2.

被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾的名詞后的定語從句(that引導(dǎo))中，一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。Thisis+the最高級(jí)+名詞+that+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Itisthefirst/secondtime+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Thisisthemostdeliciousfood(that)I’veevereaten.

這是我所吃過的最美味的食物。

Thisisthefirsttime(that)I‘veheardhimsing.

這是我第一次聽他唱歌。Sheisthemostbeautifulgirl(that)I’veeverseen.

她是我見過的最美麗的姑娘ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveseensuchabeautifulgirlItisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.

Thisisthebestfilmthat

I‘ve(ever)seen.

這是我看過的最好的電影。

三.細(xì)節(jié)補(bǔ)充請(qǐng)同學(xué)們大家自己酌情補(bǔ)充在應(yīng)有的地方。常用的關(guān)鍵詞

yet(否/疑),already已經(jīng)ever/never曾經(jīng)/從來不just剛剛before 以前recently,lately最近in/duringthepast/last5years過去五年bynow,sofar,uptonow,tillnow迄今

once,twice… 一次…all/inone’slife

某人一生

（1）already肯定句:“己經(jīng)”一般疑問句:句末(表示驚訝的語氣)“難道”

Haveyouhadbreakfastalready？

(表示強(qiáng)調(diào))I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.(更常見)=I’vehadbreakfastalready.

注:

有already的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),判斷時(shí)要看該詞后是否有動(dòng)詞的過去分詞.Eg.She’salreadyeightyyearsold.Itwasalreadyverylate.(2)yet否定句:句末“還(沒)”疑問句:句末“己經(jīng)”Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.注意：當(dāng)在肯定句中含already或just，變否定時(shí)，在句末加yet。

Ihaven’tseenthefilm

yet.●

Motherhasjust

cleanedthehouse.Motherhasn’tcleanedthehouseyet.●

Ihave

already

seenthefilm.

(3)ever肯定句/疑問句

:句中

“曾經(jīng)”

I’ve

everbeentoBeijing.

Haveyou

ever

beentoBeijing?

(4)never否定句:句中“從來沒有”

I’ve

never

beentoBeijing.注:帶ever的肯定句變否定句時(shí),將ever變neverHehasevermademeal.Havetheyevertravelledbytrain?No,never.Hehasnever

mademeal.帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時(shí)可用“No,never.”(5)just用于句中,表示“剛剛”I’ve

just

hadbreakfast.Whathavetheyjust

done?(6)before用于句末,

表示“以前”

I’veseenitbefore.

Hassheriddenabike

before?A:______yourbrother_________anewwatch?(buy)B:Notyet.Key

wordsHasbought

yetA:_______youever_______tothepark?(be)B:Yes,Ihave.Key

wordsHavebeen

yeteverI______never______ofanythinglikethat.(hear)Key

wordshaveheard

yeteverneverTom___________inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago.(work)Key

wordshasworked

yeteverneversinceA:Howlong______you________inthisschool?(teach)B:For6years.Key

wordshavetaughtyeteverneversinceforI______just________thedesk,youcantakeittoyourclassroom.(mend)Key

wordshavemendedyeteverneversinceforjust_______you_______theForbiddenCity(紫禁城)before?(visit)Key

wordsHavevisitedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforeHe____already______ajob.(find)Key

wordshasfoundyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadyWe_______only____________thefirstfivequestionssofar.(discuss)Key

wordshavediscussedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofarThey______________over20,000fruittreesuptonow.(plant)Key

wordshaveplantedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowGreatchanges_________________inBeijinginthepast10years.(takeplace)Key

wordshavetakenplaceyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsHe__________alotofgoodthingsinhislife.(do)Key

wordshasdoneyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifeI____________herlately.(notsee)Key

wordshaven’tseenyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyI_________________himrecently.(nothearfrom)Key

wordshaven’theardfromyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyHe___________inthiscityeversincethen.(live)Key

wordshaslivedyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethenHe___________inthishighschooltillnow.(teach)Key

wordshastaughtyeteverneversinceforjustbeforealreadysofaruptonowinthepast10yearsinhislifelatelyrecentlyeversincethentillnow

2.表示一個(gè)從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。注意：動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)里不能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的情況:1.for+一段時(shí)間2.since+過去時(shí)間（態(tài)）3.Howlong的疑問句注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于肯定句。Hehascomeback.Hehascomebackfor2days.(錯(cuò)）Hehasbeenbackfor2days.for和since的運(yùn)用對(duì)比:for:+一段時(shí)間

fortwoweeksforthreeyearssince過去的某一時(shí)刻sincethensincelastmonth

一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句sincesheleft注意:for和since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語都表示一段時(shí)間.

Hehasbeenawayforaweek.Hehasbeenawaysincelastweek.對(duì)劃線部分提問都用Howlong（1）for

+

Ihavebeenherefor5weeks. He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years. Shehasworkedfor10hours.一段時(shí)間（2）since

+

(過去的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Ihavebeenhere

since2000.Hehasworkedasalawyersince5yearsago?They’velivedinCQsincetheymarriedin2000.

注1)：since也可單獨(dú)使用,表示“自那時(shí)起”；另外since前也可加上ever，以加強(qiáng)語氣。 Ihavebeenhere(ever)sincethen.

注2)：對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問用howlong

Ihavelivedhere

for10years.Howlong

haveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodhere

since2hourago.Howlong

hasshestoodhere?注3)：短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用，也不能用于howlong問句中。

（誤）Ihaveleftfor5years.(正)Ihavebeenawayfor5years.注：※非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，它不能跟一段時(shí)間。

但它的否定式可以跟一段時(shí)間狀語連用.

TomhasleftBeijing.Hehasborrowedapenfromme.Tomhasn’tleftBeijingsincehecametothiscityin2004.Theyhaven’tboughtanynewhousesincetheymovedtoShanghai.Shehasn’tboughtanynewclothesforayear.have(has)gone和have(has)been,have(has)beenin的區(qū)別1.have(has)gone(to)表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”或“在途中”（還沒回來）ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have(has)been(to)表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”（是一種經(jīng)歷，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了或就在說話地),可以和once,twice,often,never,ever等表示“次數(shù)”的時(shí)間狀語連用。ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說明她曾經(jīng)去過。)3.have(has)beenin表示某人“待在某地”，和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用，如for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Hehasbeen

inAmericafor6years.ExercisesTom在哪兒？他去書店買書了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去過上海兩次了-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.canyoudistinguish?have/hasbeento

have/hasgoneto

have/hasbeenin

1.Bill____________London,hewillcomebacktomorrow.

2.A:Wherearethetwins?B:They____________thecinema.3.I_______________Paristwice.Hehasneverbeenthere.4.A:Haveyouever_________America?B:No,never.5.A:Howlonghaveyou________China?B:Foroneyear.6.HeleftforEnglandtwodaysago.He___________therefortwodays.hasgoneto

havegoneto

havebeento

beento

beenin

hasbeen

區(qū)分短暫性動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.

英語的行為動(dòng)詞大體可以分為兩大類型：一是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，二是短暫性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作意義不會(huì)一下完成，而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動(dòng)詞。如：work,read,write,study等,短暫性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作一次完成，不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如：come,go,buy,die,等。表示短暫性(瞬間性)的動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句中不能和一段時(shí)間連用.即for,since短語或howlong問句Ihaveboughtthispenfortwomonths.Ihavehadthispenfortwomonths.Howlonghaveyou_____thispen.hadTheplayhasbegunforanhour.hasbeenonforanhour.結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

buy–havecatch(get)acold–haveacoldborrow—keepCome/go/become—beputon--wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞jointhearmy–beasoldierJointheParty–beaPartymembergotoschool–beastudent3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞

die—bedeadfinish–beoverbegin—beonleave—beawayfallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosed4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語

gotoschool–beinschooljointhearmy–beinthearmy1.我們買這本書三年了.Wehavehad

thebookforthreeyears.2.他感冒三天了.

Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.

He

caughtacoldthreedaysago.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyhaveborrowkeepclosebeclosedopenbeopencometo,gotobein(at)joinbeamemberof,bea…member,bein,movetoliveindiebedeadleave/gobeaway(from)wakeawakestart,beginbeonend/finishbeoverfallasleep,gettosleepbeasleepfall/getill/sickbeill/sickgetupbeup非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞return,comeback,getback,gobackbebackreach,arrivein/at,gettobein(at)get,turn,become(變得；成為)behearfrom,get/receivealetterfromhavealetterfromgooutbeoutcatchacoldhaveacoldputonwear非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞leave--come/go(to)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--

beaway(from)

be(in/at)

arrive(at/in)--be(in/at)

be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarried

be※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換短暫性(短動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性(長(zhǎng)動(dòng)詞)動(dòng)詞.PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectShehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears.hadbuyhave/hashadPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectHowlonghaveyoucometotheUnitedStates？beenincometohave/hasbeenin

buyhave/hashadPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectAnnhasgonetoChinasincethreemonthsago.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeninPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhavegottoParisforoneweek.beenincometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectMybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.beeninbeenasoldiercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhaveleftSetohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectIhaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago.keptcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptPleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectThefilmhasbegunfor10minutes.beenoncometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectTheconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour.beenovercometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectHisdoghasdiedfortwoyears.beendeadcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

die

have/hasbeendead

PleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrectShehasmarriedforsixyears.beenmarriedcometohave/hasbeeninbuyhave/hashadgotohave/hasbeeningottohave/hasbeeninjoin

have/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenasoldier

leave

have/hasbeenaway

borrow

have/haskeptbegin

have/hasbeenon

finish

have/hasbeenover

die

have/hasbeendead

marry

have/hasbeenmarriedeg.a.HehasborrowedmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(False)b.HehaskeptmyEnglishbookfortwodays.(true)a.Ihaveboughtthenewdresssincelastmonth.(false)b.Ihavehadthenewdresssincelastmonth.(true)a.Theyhaveleftforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(false)b.Theyhavebeenawayforhalfanhour.Youshouldcomeearlier.(true)a.Howlonghasthefilmbegin?(false)b.Howlonghasthefilmbeenon?(true)a.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasdiedforseveralyears.(false)b.Heisanunluckyboy.Hismotherhasbeendeadforseveralyears.(true)a.HehasjoinedtheLeaguesincehecametotheschool.(false)b.Hehasbeenaleaguemembersincehecametotheschool.(true)典型例題

(1)---Doyouknowourtownatall?

---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.

A.was

B.havebeen

C.came

D.amcoming

(2)---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?

---No,it‘sthefirsttimeI___here.

A.even,come

B.even,havecome

C.ever,come

D.ever,havecome

Correcting

1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?

havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwice10,Thedoghasdiedforamonth.

hashasbeenindidopenbeentobeendead五

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。

一般過去時(shí):僅表示在過去某一時(shí)刻曾發(fā)生過這一動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。他已學(xué)英語五年了。HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

他曾學(xué)過五年英語。HestudiedEnglishforfiveyears.

（說明他還會(huì)繼續(xù)學(xué)下去）（只說明他過去學(xué)過五年英語，但現(xiàn)在不學(xué)了。）I’velivedherefortenyears.我在這里住了10年。(現(xiàn)在仍住這兒)Ilivedherefortenyears.我在這里住過10年。(現(xiàn)在不住這兒了)Hehasboughtahouse.他買了一棟房子。(現(xiàn)在已擁有這房子)Heboughtahousetenyearsago.他10年前買了一棟房子。(現(xiàn)在是否仍擁有這房子不清楚)一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些明顯的時(shí)間狀語。遇到y(tǒng)esterday,Lastyear,inMay,in+過去某一年，twodaysago,theotherday,justnow等就用一般過去時(shí)(表過去的時(shí)間)當(dāng)有sofar,in/during/overthepast/lastfewdays(在過去/最近的幾年里)，since接過去時(shí)間狀語或過去時(shí)的句子等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(不能與確定的時(shí)間)1.都表示過去發(fā)生的事2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用；3.一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyearsIlivedthere2yearsago現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某時(shí)的狀語時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而多用一般過去時(shí)。

IsawMaryanhourago.Shelostherhandbagyesterday.Next

有些時(shí)間狀語，既能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又能用于一般過去時(shí)，但意義上有差別。I’vewrittenthreelettersthismorning.（說話時(shí)仍是上午）Iwrotethreelettersthismorning.

（說話時(shí)仍是上午或晚上）Next

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或事情發(fā)生在過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去；而一般過去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或事情。

Ihavetaughtthisclassfortenyears.

（還在教）

Itaughtthisclassfortwoyears.

（曾教過兩年，現(xiàn)在不教了）3.我借的這本書一周多了.

Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.4.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.

Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.

Iborrowed

thebookaweekago.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.5.MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlack

diedthreeyearsago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“三看三用”一看時(shí)間狀語。如果句中沒有表示過去確切時(shí)間的狀語，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果有，則只能用一般過去時(shí)。如：Ihavevisitedthefactory.Ivisitedthefactorylastyear.二看句首有無疑問詞。如果籠統(tǒng)地問人家做過某事了嗎（句首無疑問詞），常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；但進(jìn)一步詢問何時(shí)、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事時(shí)（句首有疑問詞）就要用一般過去時(shí)。如：－Haveyouhadyourbreakfast?－Yes,Ihave.－Whendidyouhaveit?－Atseventhirty.三看句中謂語動(dòng)詞是否為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，最好選用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，并使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果是瞬間動(dòng)詞，則用一般過去時(shí)。如：Hehasbeenaleaguememberfortwomonths.HejoinedtheYouthLeaguetwomonthsago.注意：這種用法是以連貫性問答為背景的。否則就需要具體情況具體分析。如：Howmanywordshaveyoulearnedbyheart?Howdidyoulearnthembyheart?Exercises()1.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_______?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou()2.—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When____you____it?A.have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watch()3.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive()4.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.has