高中英語語法重點示例

冬高中英語語法重點示例X一.形容詞或形容詞短語的用法：(1)用作定語Hewantstobeanhonestperson.It'sausefulteachingmethod.thinksheisawomansuitableforthetssition.⑵用作表語Asisknowntoall,protectingtheenvironmentisnecessaryandvital.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,people'slivingconditionsbecomebetterandbetter.⑶用作賓語補足語Ifoundthetheoryhardtounderstand.二.副詞用法(1)方式副詞主要用來修飾動詞，此類副詞如angrily,bravely,carefully,easily,happily,loudly,rapidly,hurriedly等。Weneedthinkaboutthematterseriously.Shewatchedthemonkeyscuriously.Mr.Smithsaidtomeangrily."Staywhereyouare.”(2)程度副詞主要用來修飾形容詞Iamextremelygratefultoyourtimelyhelp.(3)某些副詞位于句首，用逗號隔開，起關聯(lián)作用或作獨立成分。如，fortunately,unluckily,frankly,generally,obviously,besides/moreover,however,therefore等。e.g.Hopefully,theywillreachanagreement.三.常用?？嫉膸追N時態(tài)及對應的語態(tài)用法示例一般現(xiàn)在時(指經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或客觀真理)其被動結構為：am/is/are+V過去分詞Shealwayswandersintheparkafterdinner.Tomseldomgoesforawalkwithme.Theboysareoftenpunishedfortheirimpolitebehaviors.一般過去時(強調(diào)謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生于過去某一時刻)其被動結構為：was/were+V過去分詞.1experiencedahardtimeaftermyfriendleftme..Somemoneywasdonatedtocharity.一般將來時(強調(diào)以現(xiàn)在為時間起點，動作發(fā)生于將來某一時刻)其主動語態(tài)基本結構為：will+V原形其被動語態(tài)基本結構為：will+be+V過去分詞willgoabroadandpayavisittosomeplacesofinterestnexttime.Apartywillbeheldafterwewinthespeechcontest.(4)過去將來時(以過去某一動作為參照，陳述將來的動作)其主動語態(tài)基本結構為：would+V原形其被動語態(tài)基本結構為：would+be+V過去分詞Shecalmlytoldmethatshewouldcontinuehercareeraftermarriage.Hesaidtheafter-schoolactivitieswouldbecanceledforthesakeofpupils5safety.(5)現(xiàn)在進行時(指此時此刻正在發(fā)生的動作)其主動語態(tài)基本結構為：am/is/are+V-ing其被動語態(tài)基本結構為：am/is/are+being+V過去分詞Someshopsareattractingconsumersbygivingdiscounts.Thenewly-bornbabyisbeingtakencareofcarefully.(6)過去進行時(過去某一時間點正在發(fā)生的動作)其主動語態(tài)基本結構為：was/were+V-ing其被動語態(tài)基本結構為：was/were+being+V過去分詞MarywasquarrelingwithherdeskmatewhenIcamein.Somehouseswerebeingpaintedwhiteatthistimelastyear.(7)現(xiàn)在完成時(以現(xiàn)在時間點為參照，強調(diào)動作的完成)其主動語態(tài)基本結構為：has/have+V過去分詞其被動語態(tài)基本結構為：has/have+been+V過去分詞Studentshaveimprovedalotsinceshecametothisschool.2Arecentstudyhasprovedthatregularexercisedoesgoodtoheath.Manyextraactivitieshavebeenarrangedbytheparentsfortheirchildren'sfurthergrowth.（8）過去完成時（強調(diào)過去的過去）其主動語態(tài)基本結構為：had+V過去分詞其被動語態(tài)基本結構為：had+been+V過去分詞hadseenthatmovieseveraltimesbeforesheintroducedittome.ManyrivershadbeenheavilypollutedwhenIgottherelastyear.(9)現(xiàn)在完成進行時(強調(diào)某一動作始于過去，但一直持續(xù)至現(xiàn)在或將來)其基本結構為：has/have+been+V-ingHerencouragingwordshavebeenaffectingmylifegreatly.另外，某些動詞(如，write,read,wash,wear,sell)，當用作不及物動詞表示主語的某種屬性時，不用被動語態(tài)。TheshoesofthisbrandwearweThiskindofgoodssellswell.暢銷當need,want,require表示“需要”時，后面可接動名詞的主動形式來表被動。如：Myhairneedscutting.非謂語動詞一.分詞（包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，前者表示主動或進行，而后者表示被動或完成）。下面將現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的句法功能對比示例,以便更好地理解掌握。作表語Thesituationwaspuzzling.Thosewindowswerebroken,（2）作賓語補足語heardhersinginginthenextrerm.Hefoundagirltremblinginthecorner.Iheardmynamecalled.常接現(xiàn)在分詞短語結構做賓語補足語的動詞有：hear,notice,watch,find,see,discover,observe,have,keep等（3）作定語3Theemployeewaitingoutsidegraduatedfromakeyuniversity.Thebuildin。beingrepairedisourlibrary.Sheisatraineddoctor.Thetreatmentusedasawaytnreducepatients'painiswidelyadopted.(4)作狀語條件狀語1.Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,youwillfindthetownverybeautiful.Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thetownlooksbeautiful.Workinghard,you'llsucceedeventually.作時間狀語Havin—packedupherthings.(現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)shewenttobookherticket.Whenaskedwherehehadbeen,heremainedsilent.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.作原因狀語Feelingtired,shedeterminedtohaveabreak.Havingfailedtwice,hedidn'twanttotryagain.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttoasktheteacherforhelp.Satisfiedwithwhathedid,Mr.Smithpraisedhiminclass.作讓步狀語Beingatschoolorathome,sheisagoodgirl.Explainedahundredtimes,hestillcan'tunderstandit.作結果狀語LHedied,leavinghiswifeandchildrennothingbutgreatdebt.Thebearfelloffatalltree,died,X作伴隨狀語派Thegirlsteppedtowardsme,wearingasmile.Hestoodtherecoimtinestars.Hewenttothecountrysidealonecarryinghismedicalequipment.Shecamein,followingapanda.Shecamein,followedbyapanda.注意,般來說，分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語必須和句子的主語相一致，但仍有少數(shù)注意,特例如下:Generally/Strictly/Honestly/F/anklyspeakingwebenefitedalotfromthisjourney.Jud-inqfrom/bytheexpressiononhisface,Tomfailed.Considerin口hisstrengths,hewillbepromotedsoon.Takingeverythin口intoconsideration,theyshouldbegivenanotherchance.Givenmyhealthcondition,theemployerdidn'tallowmetooverworkonweekends..動名詞.動詞不定式(1)作主語1.Itisofgreatimportanceforyoutoequipyourselfwithknowledge.(2)作表語1.Myhobbyistocollecttmiquestamps.(3)作定語1.Sheboughtsomethingtoeatamomentago.2.Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon?(4)作賓語只接不定式作賓語的動詞大致有：want,wish,hope,refuse,pretend,plan,promise,agree,manage,fail,decide,determine,choose,offer,desire,afford,threaten等。如，Herefusedtotellmethetruth.(5)作狀語(尤其是目的狀語或結果狀語)Idresseduptoleaveadeepimpressiononothers.Hewokeuponlytofindhimselfaloneinthestudio.(6)作賓語補足語常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：advise,ask,allow,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,persuade,remind,teach,tell,trouble等如,Myparentsadvisedmetogotocollegeabroad.定語從句限制性定語從句（主句和從句關系緊密，中間無逗號）Oftenparentswillgiveusanything(that)weaskfor.Thelovelydress(which)sheiswearingisdesignedbyafamousdesigner.不可省略）Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(that作表語,TomistheverypersonfromwhomIbenefitedalot.不可省略）Givemethereasonwhyyoufailedtokeepyourword.Inourlivestherearealwayssomeoccasionswhenwearemovedtotears.非限制性定語從句（主從關系不太緊密，從句主要起補充說明作用，中間用逗號隔開）urteamwonthematchintheend,whichcameasasurprise.Thehouse,where/inwhichIwasborn,hasbeensoldatahighprice.Hersons,bothofwhomworkabroad,ringherupeveryweek.Oneofmyfriends,whosemomeverworkedasavolunteerinthisstadium,willgoabroad5dayslater.虛擬語氣（表達某種愿望，猜測，假設或建議等）一.條件句中的虛擬IfTomwerehere/WereTomhere,hewouldofferussomenecessaryguidance.（對現(xiàn)在的虛擬）2.1fweleftnow,weshouldarriveintime.（對現(xiàn)在的虛擬）3.Ifyouhadattendedmyparty