托福閱讀長難句式中復(fù)雜問題解析

托福閱讀長難句式中的復(fù)雜問題解析定語(包含后置定語與定語從句)同位語并列構(gòu)造4.that引導(dǎo)的各樣從句插入構(gòu)造獨立主格倒裝句重申句虛假語氣關(guān)于不同樣種類的難句，掌握骨干的方法也不同樣樣。以倒裝句為例，主要有以下狀況：方向副詞放在句首Hereinlaythebeginningofwhatultimatelyturnedfromignorancetodenialofthevalueofnutritionaltherapiesinmedicine。介詞放在句首AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets。形容詞放在句首Implicitinitisanaestheticprincipleaswell：thatthemediumhascertainqualitiesofbeautyandexpressivenesswithwhichsculptorsmustbringownaestheticsensibilitiesintoharmony。過去分詞放在句首Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”，thefilmhasneverbeen,inthefullsenseoftheword,silent?，F(xiàn)在分詞放在句首Missinguntilrecentlywerefossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceans

。句子倒裝的目的主要有兩個：一是被提早的部分被重申，如上述的第四句：Accustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”，其中的accustomed依據(jù)正常語序應(yīng)當(dāng)放在are今后：Thoughweareaccustomedtospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”。之所以將accustomed提早，是為了重申它。二是為了句子的平衡，否則將致使有頭無尾的收效，如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句為例，依據(jù)正常語序應(yīng)當(dāng)是：Fossilsclearlyintermediate,ortransitional,betweenlandmammalsandcetaceansweremissinguntilrecently?？墒沁@種句子構(gòu)造比較糟糕，因為主語及其修飾語過長(從句首直到cetaceans)，而謂語部weremissinguntilrecently較短，簡單造成有頭無尾的收效。第五句將missing提早，防備了這個現(xiàn)象。托福閱讀中為了考試時能快速掌握句子的