2022年考研考博-考博英語-國防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號88

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-國防科技大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Gluttonouswhenitcomestochocolate,Justineatsthisdecadenttreat_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.furtively

B.fleetingly

C.voraciously

D.covertly

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)“偷偷地”，B項(xiàng)“飛快地”，C項(xiàng)“貪婪地；狼吞虎咽地”，D項(xiàng)“偷偷摸摸地”。根據(jù)句意：一提到巧克力就饞嘴，Justin吃著這種頹廢的食物。因此只有C項(xiàng)符合。

2.單選題

Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.outwards

B.forwards

C.sideways

D.inwards

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)outwards“向外地”，B項(xiàng)forwards“向前，今后”，C項(xiàng)sideways“向側(cè)面地，間接地”，D項(xiàng)inwards“向內(nèi)地，向中心地”。句意：如果你把它斜著轉(zhuǎn)，你就能把桌子穿過門。根據(jù)句意可知，edgewise在句中表示“斜著”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與之相近的意思只有C項(xiàng)符合。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

3.單選題

NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.Manythingshavechangedintheinterveningyears.Thehotelindustryworriesmoreaboutoverbuildingthanovercrowding,andiftheyhadtomeetanunexpectedinflux,fewinnswouldhaveamanagertoaccommodatethewearyguests.Nowitisthecensustakerthatdoesthetravelinginthefondhopethatahighlymobilepopulationwillstaylongenoughtogetagoodsampling.Methodsofgathering,recording,andevaluatinginformationhavepresumablybeenimprovedagreatdeal.AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes,nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearmentwhichwe,atleastinouryoungeryearswhenthesethingsmattered,wouldhaveassociatedmorereadilywiththedescriptionofafairmaiden.ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets,andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.

43.TaxationinRomandaysapparentlywasbasedon______.

44.TheAmericanStatisticalAssociation______.

45.Themessagetheauthorwishesthereadertogetis______.

46The“greateststoryevertold”referredtointhepassageisthestoryof______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wealth

B.mobility

C.population

D.censustakers

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isconvertingstatisticalstudyfromanarttoascience

B.hasanexcellentrecordinbusinessforecasting

C.isneitherhopefulnorpessimistic

D.speakswithmathematicalexactitude

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.statisticianshavenotadvancedsincethedaysoftheRoman

B.statisticsisnotasyetascience

C.statisticianslovetheirmachine

D.computerishopeful

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Christmas

B.TheMets

C.Moses

D.RomanCensusTakers

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】43.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“羅馬時(shí)代的稅收顯然是基于……”。文章第六句指出AndwherethenitwasthemodestpurposeofRometoobtainasimpleheadcountasanadequatebasisforlevyingtaxes（那時(shí)羅馬計(jì)算人頭作為征稅的適當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)，目的很簡單）可知，羅馬時(shí)代的稅收是基于人口，C項(xiàng)“人口”正確。B項(xiàng)“流動(dòng)性”是人口的特點(diǎn)，D項(xiàng)“人口普查員”是普查人口的執(zhí)行者，這兩項(xiàng)都不符合題干；A項(xiàng)“財(cái)富”沒提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會……”。根據(jù)文中第六句開始講的觀點(diǎn)：…nowbatteriesofcomplicatedstatisticalseriesfurnishedbygovernmentalagenciesandprivateorganizationsareeagerlyscannedandinterpretedbysagesandseerstogetacluetofutureevents.TheBibledoesnottellushowtheRomancensustakersmadeout,andasregardsourmoreimmediateconcern,thereliabilityofpresentdayeconomicforecasting,thereareconsiderabledifferencesofopinion.Theywereairedatthecelebrationofthe125thanniversaryoftheAmericanStatisticalAssociation.TherewasthethoughtthatbusinessforecastingmightWellbeonitswayfromanarttoascience,andsomespeakerstalkedaboutnewfangledcomputersandhigh-falutinmathematicalsystemintermsofexcitementandendearment…（現(xiàn)在，政府機(jī)構(gòu)和私人組織的一系列復(fù)雜的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，由智者和先知人物殷切地瀏覽和解釋以取得預(yù)先外未來事件的線索。圣經(jīng)并沒有告訴我們羅馬的人口調(diào)查員是怎么調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)的。至于我們當(dāng)前更加關(guān)心的問題：目前經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測的可靠性，意見分歧很大。美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會125周年慶?；顒?dòng)上，人們在大肆宣揚(yáng)這些不同觀點(diǎn)。有一種說法是經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測可能正從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展。有些人興高采烈大談新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)系統(tǒng)……）可知，美國統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會正把統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)從文科轉(zhuǎn)向理科發(fā)展，所以A項(xiàng)“正把統(tǒng)計(jì)研究從文科轉(zhuǎn)變成理科”正確。文中提到ButotherspointedtothedeplorablerecordofhighlyesteemedforecastsandforecasterswithabattingaveragebelowthatoftheMets…（但也有人指出，那些備受尊敬的預(yù)測和預(yù)測者的平均成功率還低于Mets的糟糕記錄）可知，B項(xiàng)“在商業(yè)預(yù)測方面有出色的記錄”不正確。C項(xiàng)“不樂觀也不悲觀”文章沒有提到，只提到了他們半喜半憂地離開協(xié)會。由最后一句thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.（只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測，適用于可確定事實(shí)的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)的。）可知，D項(xiàng)“以精確的數(shù)學(xué)說話”不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者希望讀者得到的信息是……”。根據(jù)文中的描述：…andthePresident-electoftheAssociationcautionedthat“highpoweredstatisticalmethodsareusuallyinorderwherethefactsarecrudeandinadequate,theexactcontraryofwhatcrudeandinadequatestatisticiansassume.”Welefthisbirthdaypartysomewherebetweenhopeanddespairandwiththeconviction,notreallynewlyacquired,thatproperstatisticalmethodsappliedtoascertainablefactshavetheirmeritsineconomicforecastingaslongasneitherforecasternorpublicisdeludedintomistakingthedelineationofprobabilitiesandtrendsforapredictionofcertaintiesofmathematicalexactitude.（連統(tǒng)計(jì)協(xié)會的主席也告誡說高能統(tǒng)計(jì)法在實(shí)際材料原始和不允許的地方一般發(fā)揮正常。這跟低級的，不合適的統(tǒng)計(jì)員所假定的正好相反。我們懷著喜憂參半的心情離開周年慶祝宴會，懷著確實(shí)不是新近才有的信念，相信只要預(yù)測者和公眾都不會把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性的預(yù)測，適用于可確定事實(shí)的恰當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中還是有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)的。），可知只要不把對概率和趨勢的描述誤認(rèn)為是具有數(shù)學(xué)精確性的確定性預(yù)測，那么統(tǒng)計(jì)法在經(jīng)濟(jì)預(yù)測中就有它的貢獻(xiàn)，從中我們可以推知，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)（理科），所以B項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)還不是一門科學(xué)”正確。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家從羅馬時(shí)代起就沒有進(jìn)步”和C項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家喜歡他們的計(jì)算機(jī)”沒有提到過。D項(xiàng)“電腦是有希望的”，文中只講了有些人懷著興高采烈的心情大講新型計(jì)算機(jī)和非常高級數(shù)學(xué)“系統(tǒng)”，暗示了計(jì)算機(jī)大有希望，但不是所有人都這樣認(rèn)為的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“本文中提到的‘有史以來最偉大的故事’是……的故事”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第一句話NearlytwothousandyearshavepassedsinceacensusdecreedbyCaesarAugustusbecomepartofthegreateststoryevertold.（自從凱撒奧古斯都下令進(jìn)行的人口普查成為有史以來最偉大的故事的一部分以來，已經(jīng)過去了近兩千年），其中提到了凱撒奧古斯都頒布的征稅法令，而這個(gè)故事是被基督徒稱為圣誕故事的經(jīng)文，所以這是圣誕節(jié)的故事，A項(xiàng)“圣誕節(jié)”正確。B項(xiàng)“theMets”、C項(xiàng)“摩西”和D項(xiàng)“羅馬人口普查員”都不正確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Dave’s______imaginationenableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tentative

B.whimsical

C.whining

D.querulous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)tentative“試驗(yàn)性的，暫定的”，B項(xiàng)whimsical“古怪的，異想天開的”，C項(xiàng)whining是動(dòng)詞whine的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示“抱怨，發(fā)牢騷”，D項(xiàng)querulous“易怒的，暴躁的”。由后面的enableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories（能讓他講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事）可知，______imagination表示“異想天開的想象力”。句意：戴夫異想天開的想象力使他能講出最令人驚奇和有趣的故事。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.undecided

B.uncertain

C.unacceptable

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)undecided“未定的，未決定的”，B項(xiàng)uncertain“無把握的，多變的，不確定的”，C項(xiàng)unacceptable“不能接受的，不受歡迎的”，D項(xiàng)increasing“越來越多的，漸增的”。句意：僅僅是乘著獨(dú)木舟在漫長的海上航行中幸存下來，到達(dá)無人居住的、無人知道的島嶼的海岸，就是一項(xiàng)了不起的成就。indeterminate在句中表示“不確定的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Shewassoabsorbedinreadingthatnoisecouldnot______her.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dismiss

B.dispatch

C.disperse

D.distract

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇，開除”，B項(xiàng)dispatch“派遣，發(fā)送，迅速處理”，C項(xiàng)disperse“分散，使散開”，D項(xiàng)distract“轉(zhuǎn)移，分心”。由beabsorbedin（全神貫注于）和so…that…（如此……以至于……）可知，D項(xiàng)符合。句意：她全神貫注地讀書，喧鬧聲不能使她分心。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

7.單選題

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”O(jiān)bserversthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.

C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.

D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】46.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...（人們常常認(rèn)為，工作的機(jī)械化對操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響），提出了人們普遍認(rèn)同的一種觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為mechanization為人們的生活和社會帶來了revolutionaryeffect，而該段最后一句提出許多觀察者不同意這種見解；之后，文章以婦女所從事工作的轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔?，進(jìn)一步論證最后得出結(jié)論：Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了女性在勞動(dòng)力市場和家庭中的傳統(tǒng)地位的變化進(jìn)程）因此，選項(xiàng)A“現(xiàn)代化對婦女工作的影響證明，普遍認(rèn)同的新技術(shù)具有與生俱來的創(chuàng)新性這一說法站不住腳”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明，機(jī)械化徹底改變了一個(gè)社會的傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀及其成員的習(xí)慣角色”和C“自工業(yè)革命以來，機(jī)械化使婦女工作的性質(zhì)發(fā)生了變化”兩項(xiàng)均與文章所持的觀點(diǎn)相左，而D項(xiàng)“婦女工作的機(jī)械化雖然在其效果上極為革命性，但總體上并沒有產(chǎn)生一些評論家所擔(dān)心的有害影響”只是文章提到的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，不能概括大意。

47.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干意為：根據(jù)文章可推斷作者把下列哪個(gè)看作是婦女工作條件發(fā)生根本轉(zhuǎn)變的一個(gè)標(biāo)志。文章第三段前半部分是說：在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化，從家庭轉(zhuǎn)移到辦公室或工廠，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)。然而，從根本上說，自工業(yè)革命前以來，婦女工作的條件幾乎沒有改變：按性別劃分職業(yè)、婦女作為一個(gè)群體的工資較低、要求相對較低的技能水平和很少為婦女提供晉升機(jī)會的工作都持續(xù)存在，而婦女的家務(wù)勞動(dòng)仍然要求很高。據(jù)此，只有D項(xiàng)“人口普查結(jié)果顯示，職業(yè)婦女的工資和薪金平均與職業(yè)男子一樣高”，符合作者的意圖。A項(xiàng)“統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)女性擔(dān)任白領(lǐng)職位”，B項(xiàng)“對已婚男性的采訪表明他們現(xiàn)在正在做一些家務(wù)”，C項(xiàng)“對勞動(dòng)力市場的調(diào)查，記錄了最近在電子行業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一類新的工作崗位，其中女性工人的數(shù)量比男性多4:1”，均是對文意的曲解。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干：以下關(guān)于二十世紀(jì)以前許多雇主的陳述中，哪一個(gè)不是在文章中暗示的？C項(xiàng)“只有當(dāng)合格的男性無法填補(bǔ)空缺職位時(shí)，他們才雇用女性”，文中并未體現(xiàn)，當(dāng)選。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories（十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠），可知A項(xiàng)“在十九世紀(jì)，婦女開始進(jìn)入工廠”是正確的，不符合題意要求，排除；從第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire（在這之前，在大多數(shù)情況下，單身女性是雇主唯一想雇傭的），可知B項(xiàng)“他們傾向于雇用單身婦女而不是已婚婦女”是正確的，排除；從第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork（在過去的200年里，婦女的工作發(fā)生了很大的變化……，后來主要成為白領(lǐng)而不是藍(lán)領(lǐng)），由此可知，D項(xiàng)“他們雇用婦女來做大部分的白領(lǐng)工作”與文章內(nèi)容相符，排除。

49.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干：以下哪一項(xiàng)最能描述文章結(jié)尾句的功能？找到文章結(jié)尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（機(jī)械化甚至可能延緩了婦女在勞動(dòng)力市場和家庭中傳統(tǒng)地位變化的進(jìn)程）。我們從第一段第一句就已經(jīng)知道關(guān)于勞動(dòng)機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)是：工作的機(jī)械化對操作新機(jī)器的人們的生活以及機(jī)器被引入的社會有著革命性的影響，所以結(jié)尾句與一般觀點(diǎn)不一致，因此A項(xiàng)“從整體上總結(jié)了文章中關(guān)于勞動(dòng)機(jī)械化的一般觀點(diǎn)”，錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“得出了一個(gè)結(jié)論，即工作機(jī)械化的影響超出了本文所提出的整體證據(jù)”，符合結(jié)尾句所要表達(dá)的意思；C項(xiàng)“它重申了它前面一句話中關(guān)于技術(shù)的觀點(diǎn)”，定位到它前一句話Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety（最近的歷史調(diào)查導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)重大的修正，即技術(shù)在其對社會的影響上總是具有內(nèi)在的革命性），此句是對主題句的復(fù)述，與末句不一致；D項(xiàng)“這證明了作者同意那些主張?jiān)跈C(jī)械化對社會影響的評估中進(jìn)行重大修訂的學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)”，并不能從這一句話就知道作者同意那些學(xué)者的觀點(diǎn)。

8.單選題

Thatstudentisdiscourteous;hegrumblesnomatterhowonetriestopleasehim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.giggles

B.scolds

C.complains

D.sneers

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)giggle“咯咯地笑，傻笑”，B項(xiàng)scold“罵，責(zé)罵”，C項(xiàng)complain“抱怨，控訴”，D項(xiàng)sneer“嘲笑，冷笑”。句意：那個(gè)學(xué)生很無禮，不管別人怎么討好他，他總是發(fā)牢騷。根據(jù)句意可知，grumble在句中表示“發(fā)牢騷”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Anelectricareisaluminouscurrentofelectricitythatleapsfromoneelectrodetoanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ludicrous

B.magnetic

C.flickering

D.glowing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。Luminous“發(fā)光的；發(fā)亮的”。A項(xiàng)“不合理的；不能當(dāng)真的”，B項(xiàng)“磁性的；富有吸引力的”，C項(xiàng)“閃爍的”，D項(xiàng)“熱烈贊揚(yáng)的；熱情洋溢的”，因此選C。句意：電流是從一個(gè)電極跳到另一個(gè)電極的發(fā)光電流。

10.單選題

Ahumanisquitea______creature,fortheglossofrationalitythatcovershisorherfearsandinsecurityisthinandofteneasilybreached.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valiant

B.alternate

C.frail

D.alleviate

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)valiant“英勇的，勇敢的”，B項(xiàng)alternate“交替的，輪流的”，C項(xiàng)frail“脆弱的，虛弱的”，D項(xiàng)alleviate為動(dòng)詞，表示“減輕；緩和”。根據(jù)句子可知for是表原因，句子的意思是“因?yàn)檠谏w恐懼和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，并且經(jīng)常很容易被打破”，所以推知空格處表示“脆弱的”，C項(xiàng)符合。句意：人類是一種非常脆弱的生物，因?yàn)檠谏w恐懼和不安全感的理性外表很薄弱，并且經(jīng)常很容易被打破。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)言的”，B項(xiàng)impressive“給人以深刻印象的”，C項(xiàng)famous“著名的，極好的”，D項(xiàng)gradual“逐漸的，平緩的”。句意：農(nóng)民們涌向西部，以驚人的速度填滿了邊境土地。stunning在句中表示“驚人的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Despitethe______ofherbusyafternoons—homework,carpooling,dinnerpreparation—shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enigma

B.turbulence

C.labyrinth

D.precariousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)enigma“謎，不可思議的東西”，B項(xiàng)turbulence“騷亂，動(dòng)蕩，混亂”，C項(xiàng)labyrinth“迷宮”，D項(xiàng)precariousness“不安全，不穩(wěn)定”。由后面的句子shestrivestomaintainaninnersenseoforderandcalm（她努力保持內(nèi)心的秩序和平靜），結(jié)合despite（盡管）可知，“混亂”符合語境。句意：盡管下午很忙：家庭作業(yè)，拼車，準(zhǔn)備晚餐，但她努力保持內(nèi)心的秩序和平靜。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

13.單選題

Salesmanshipistheabilitytoswaypeopletowillinglybuyproductsorsupportnewideas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.educate

B.expect

C.allow

D.persuade

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)educate“教育，培養(yǎng)，訓(xùn)練”，B項(xiàng)expect“期望，指望，認(rèn)為”，C項(xiàng)allow“允許，給予，認(rèn)可”，D項(xiàng)persuade“說服，勸說，使某人相信”。句意：推銷術(shù)是說服人們愿意購買產(chǎn)品或支持新想法的能力。sway在句中表示“說服”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是D項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

14.單選題

Owingtoanacutelackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgent

B.grave

C.stressful

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)urgent“緊急的，急迫的”，B項(xiàng)grave“重大的，嚴(yán)肅的”，C項(xiàng)stressful“緊張的，有壓力的”，D項(xiàng)increasing“越來越多的，漸增的”。句意：由于低收入者住房的嚴(yán)重匱乏，市政府對于嚴(yán)重的住房問題感到為難。acute在句中表示“嚴(yán)重的”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是B項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

15.單選題

Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext,shewasconfusedbythe______ofherfeelings.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agitation

B.ambivalence

C.anachronism

D.abnegation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)agitation表示“激動(dòng)，攪動(dòng)，煽動(dòng)”，B項(xiàng)ambivalence表示“矛盾情緒，正反感情并存”，C項(xiàng)anachronism表示“時(shí)代錯(cuò)誤，不合潮流的人或物”，D項(xiàng)abnegation表示“拒絕，放棄”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Vacillatingbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext（對她父母時(shí)愛時(shí)恨）可知，“矛盾情緒”符合語境。句意：她因深陷于對她父母時(shí)愛時(shí)恨的矛盾心態(tài)中而感到困惑不堪。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

Theword“sophism”hasanunfavorableconnotationandmeansarguingdeceitfully,attemptingtoturnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implacable

B.queer

C.fictitious

D.specious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)implacable“不能安撫的，難和解的”，B項(xiàng)queer“奇怪的，異常的”，C項(xiàng)fictitious“虛構(gòu)的，假想的”，D項(xiàng)specious“似是而非的，外表美觀的”。由meansarguingdeceitfully（意思是欺騙性地辯論）和turnapoorcaseintoagoodonebymeansofcleverbut______reasoning（通過聰明但______的推理把一個(gè)糟糕的案例變成一個(gè)好案例）可知，空格處填入D項(xiàng)符合。句意：“詭辯”這個(gè)詞有一個(gè)不利的含義，意思是欺騙性地辯論，試圖通過聰明但似是而非的推理把一個(gè)糟糕的案例變成一個(gè)好案例。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

Inmostcasespoliticiansare______astheyseldomtellthetruth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.credulous

C.incredulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)credible“可靠的，可信的”，B項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的，因輕信而產(chǎn)生的”，C項(xiàng)incredulous“不肯相信的，表示懷疑的”，D項(xiàng)incredible“不可能相信的，很難相信的”。由主語politicians（政客）和關(guān)鍵信息astheyseldomtellthetruth（因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僦v真話）可知，politiciansare______表示的是“政客都是不能相信的”，D項(xiàng)符合。句意：在大多數(shù)情況下，政客們都是難以令人相信的，因?yàn)樗麄兒苌僦v真話。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

18.單選題

Idon’tthinkhe’syetfoundhis______inlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.field

B.track

C.aquatic

D.archaic

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)field“領(lǐng)域，牧場，曠野”，B項(xiàng)track“軌道，足跡，蹤跡”，C項(xiàng)aquatic“水上運(yùn)動(dòng)，水生植物或動(dòng)物”，D項(xiàng)archaic為形容詞，表示“古代的，陳舊的”。由life（生活、人生）可知，C、D項(xiàng)可排除；把A、B項(xiàng)代入，只有B項(xiàng)最符合。句意：我覺得他還沒找到自己的人生軌跡。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

19.單選題

Shestilllooksweakthoughherfeversubsidedaftershetooksomemedicine.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.caught

B.reduced

C.camedown

D.gotoff

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)catch“抓住，感染”，B項(xiàng)reduce“減少，減小”，C項(xiàng)comedown“下來，降落，流傳下來”，D項(xiàng)getoff“動(dòng)身，免于受罰”。句意：她吃了藥后退燒了，但看起來還是很虛弱。Subside在句中表示“消退，減退”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中意思與之相近的是C項(xiàng)。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

20.單選題

Thebuildingisagreatsuccess,______atriumph,forthedesigner.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.namely

B.orrather

C.and

D.particularly

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A項(xiàng)namely“也就是，即是”，B項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說，倒不如說”，C項(xiàng)and“和”，D項(xiàng)particularly“異乎尋常地，特別是”。由success（成功）和triumph（勝利）可知，這兩個(gè)意思相近，success強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，triumph強(qiáng)調(diào)過程和動(dòng)作，所以空格處填入B項(xiàng)更符合句子語境。句意：對于設(shè)計(jì)者來說，這座建筑是一個(gè)巨大的成功，或者更確切地說是一個(gè)勝利。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

Hisremarkswereso______thatwecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.persuasive

B.ambiguous

C.suspicious

D.consistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)persuasive“有說服力的，勸誘的”，B項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的”，C項(xiàng)suspicious“可疑的，懷疑的”，D項(xiàng)consistent“始終如一的，一致的”。由wecouldnotdecidewhichofthepossiblemeaningswascorrect（我們無法確定哪個(gè)可能的意思是正確的）可知，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：他的話含糊不清，我們無法斷定哪一個(gè)意思是正確的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

22.單選題

Mostpeopleconsiderthelandscapetobeunchanging,butEarthisadynamicbody,anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears).Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.

Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofpermanence,successfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Asageneralrule,thehigheramountainis,themorerecentlyitwasformed;forexample,thehighmountainsoftheHimalayasareonlyabout50millionyearsold.Lowermountainstendtobeolder,andareoftentheerodedrelicsofmuchhighermountainchains.About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasthesamesizeasthemodernHimalayas.Today,however,therelicsoftheCaledonianorogeny(mountain-buildingperiod)existasthecomparativelylowmountainsofGreenland,thenorthernAppalachiansintheUnitedStates,theScottishHighlands,andtheNorwegiancoastalplateau.

TheEarth’scrustisthoughttobedividedintohuge,movablesegments,calledplates,whichfloatonasoftplasticlayerofrock,Somemountainswereformedasaresultoftheseplatescrashingintoeachotherandforcinguptherockattheplatemargins.Inthisprocess,sedimentaryrocksthatoriginallyformedontheseabedmaybefoldedupwardstoaltitudesofmorethan26,000feet.Othermountainsmayberaisedbyearthquakes,whichfracturetheEarth’scrustandcandisplaceenoughrocktoproduceblockmountains.Athirdtypeofmountainmaybeformedasaresultofvolcanicactivitywhichoccursinregionsofactivefoldmountainbelts,suchasintheCascadeRangeofwesternNorthAmerica.TheCascadesaremadeupoflavasandvolcanicmaterials.Manyofthepeaksareextinctvolcanoes.

Whateverthereasonformountainformation,assoonaslandrisesabovesealevelitissubjectedtodestructiveforces.Theexposedrocksareattackedbythevariousweatherprocessesandgraduallybrokendownintofragments,whicharethencarriedawayandlaterdepositedassediments.Thus,anylandscaperepresentsonlyatemporarystageinthecontinuousbattlebetweentheforcesofupliftandthoseoferosion.

Theweather,initsmanyforms,isthemainagentoferosion.Rainwashesawayloosesoilandpenetratescracksintherocks.Carbondioxideintheairreactswiththerainwater,formingaweakacid(carbonicacid)thatmaychemicallyattacktherocks.Therainseepsundergroundandthewatermanyreappearlaterassprings.Thesespringsarethesourcesofstreamsandrivers,whichcutthroughtherocksandcarryawaydebrisfromthemountainstothelowlands.

Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.Itcriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirslitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.

50.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofchangesinEarth’slandscape?

51.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph2aboutthemountainsoftheHimalayas?

52.Theword“relics”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.

53.WhydoestheauthormentionCarbondioxideinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyoccurmoreoftenbyupliftthanbyerosion.

B.Theyoccuronlyatspecialtimes.

C.Theyoccurlessfrequentlynowthantheyoncedid.

D.Theyoccurquicklyingeologicalterms.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theircurrentheightisnotanindicationoftheirage.

B.Atpresent,theyaremuchhigherthanthemountainsoftheCaledonianrange.

C.Theywereauniformheightabout400millionyearsago.

D.TheyarenotashighastheCaledonianmountainswere400millionyearsago.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.resemblances

B.regions

C.remains

D.restorations

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toexplaintheoriginofachemicalthatcaneroderocks.

B.Tocontrastcarbondioxidewithcarbonicacid.

C.Togiveanexampleofhowrainwaterpenetratessoil.

D.Toargueforthedesirabilityofpreventingerosion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第一段，關(guān)于地球景觀的變化，下列哪項(xiàng)陳述是正確的？”。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的anditssurfaceiscontinuallyaltering—slowlyonthehumantimescale,butrelativelyrapidlywhencomparedtothegreatageofBarth(about4,500billionyears)（地球的外貌在人類文明進(jìn)程中一直保持著持續(xù)緩慢的變化，但是與大約4500億年前的冰河時(shí)代的地貌變化相比，這個(gè)進(jìn)程的確快了很多）可知，地球景觀從地質(zhì)上來說，變化的還是比較快的，所以D項(xiàng)“從地質(zhì)學(xué)的角度上來看，它們變化得很快”正確。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Therearetwoprincipalinfluencesthatshapetheterrain:constructiveprocessessuchasuplift,whichcreatenewlandscapefeatures,anddestructiveforcessuchaserosion,whichgraduallywearawayexposedlandforms.（塑造地形的主要影響因素有兩種：一種是建設(shè)過程，如隆起，產(chǎn)生新的景觀特征；另一種是破壞性力量，如侵蝕，逐漸磨損裸露的地形。）可知，A項(xiàng)“它們通常是由地殼隆起而不是由地殼侵蝕產(chǎn)生的”錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)“他們只發(fā)生在特殊的時(shí)間”和C項(xiàng)“它們發(fā)生的頻率比以前少”在第一段沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

51.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第二段可以推斷出關(guān)于喜馬拉雅山脈的下列哪項(xiàng)？”。根據(jù)第二段中的Lowermountainstendtobeolder…About400millionyearsago,whenthepresent-daycontinentsofNorthAmericaandEuropewerejoined,theCaledonianmountainchainwasth