上海市奉賢區(qū)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題【含答案】

上海市奉賢區(qū)2021屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題（時(shí)間120分鐘，滿分140分。）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Cookandbaker. B.Waitressanddiner.C.Patientanddentist. D.Tailorandcustomer.D【原文】M:CouldyouhavethedressreadybeforeFriday,madam?W:Sorry.I’mafraidwecan’t.YouknowmakingthetraditionalChinesebuttonstakestime.Q:What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howmuchdoesonedressactuallycost?A.$150. B.$200. C.$300. D.$600.B【原文】M:Yournewdresslooksnice.Howmuchisit?W:I’vegotthreeofthem.300dollarseach.Butit’sbuytwogetonefree.Q:Howmuchdoesonedressactuallycost?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital. B.Inanursery.C.Inadrugstore. D.Inasurgeryroom.C【原文】M:Ijustcamefromthehospital.ThedoctormentionedI’dbettertakesomepainkillers.W:Haveyoubroughttheprescriptionwithyou?Q:Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Accordingtothewoman,whatmaytheflowerneed?A.Suitablefertilizers. B.Adequatewater.C.Richsoil. D.Propertemperature.D【原文】M:I’vewateredtheflowerandaddedsomefertilizers.Howcomeitisstillnotdoingwell?W:Well.Whynotmoveitintothehouse?Maybethat’llhelp.Q:Accordingtothewoman,whatmaytheflowerneed?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Howisthemantoday?A.He’sbetter. B.He’sfeelingworse.C.He’ssickinbed. D.Hehasrecovered.A【原文】W:Iheardyoucaughtacold.Howareyoufeelingtoday?M:Ican’tcomplain.AtleastI’moutofbed.Q:Howisthemantoday?6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theboycanaskhissisterforhelp.B.Theboyshouldhaveworkedharder.C.Theboy’ssisterisclevererthanheis.D.Theboy’ssisterisdoingherhomework.A【原文】M:I’mstuckwithmyEnglishhomework.W:Whydon’tyoupickyoursister’sbrains?She’sgoodatEnglish.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.Sheprefersattendingclassestostudyingonline.B.Shefeelsdistractedinanonlineclass.C.Shethinksonlineclassessuitherlearningstyle.D.Sheiseasilydistractedbyotherpeople.C【原文】M:Don’tyousometimesgetdistracted,studyingonlinethewholeday?W:Justtheopposite.Iactuallyworkbetteratmyownpace.Q:Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Thedinnerisprepared. B.Theyneedanothertable.C.Thetablesarenotlongenough. D.Someoneisnotcomingfordinner.B【原文】M:Dowehaveallthetablesfortonight’sdinner?W:Iamafraidweareoneshortunlesssomebodyisnotcoming.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?A.Thewomanbelievesthatthemancangiveupsmoking.B.Themanfindsiteasytogiveupsmoking.C.Themancan’tresistthetemptationofsmoking.D.ThemanhasconvincedthewomanthathecangiveupsmokingC【原文】W:Frank,Icanseeyousimplycouldn’tgiveupsmoking.M:Nonsense.Smokingistheeasiestthingintheworldtogiveup.I’vedoneithundredsoftimes.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthisconversation?10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthemandoing?AHeissolvingamathproblem.B.Heisrewritingthenumbersofthereport.C.Heistryingtomakeasoundbudget.D.Heischeckingthefinancialreport.D【原文】W:You’vebeendealingwiththebudgetreportfornearlyanhour.Anythingwrong?M:Ikeepaddingandreadingthenumbers,buttheyjustdon’tbalance.Q:Whatisthemandoing?SectionBDirections:InsectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandconversionwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.Whydidthespeaker’smotherenrollherinaballetcourse?A.Shewantedhertobeaballetdancer. B.Shehatedtoseeherwastingtime.C.Sheusedtobeaballetdancerherself. D.Shewastoobusytolookafterher.12.Whendidthespeaker’sdancinglifecometoastop?A.AftershestartedteachingEnglish. B.WhenshemovedtoNewYorkcity.C.BeforesheleftforNewZealand. D.Onceshebegantoliveonherown.13.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thespeaker’sdancingexperience.B.Thedevelopmentofsalsadancing.C.Thepopularityofsalsadancing.D.Thereasonswhythespeakerlovesdancingsalsa.11.B12.A13.A【原文】Aquestionweoftenaskothersis“Whatdoyounormallydoafterschoolorwork?”Somecommonanswersare,“Well,Igotothegym.”“Um,IjustgohomeandwatchTV.”“Imeetmyfriendsfordinner.”or“Ijustgotobedbecauseit’slateandI’mtired.”Unlikeanyofthesetypicalresponses,I’mproudtosaythatIlovetodancesalsaafteralongandtiringdayofwork.Salsaisakindofdancingthatevolvedinthemid-1970sinNewYork.MydancinglifebegannotbecauseIwantedtodoit,butbecausemymotherwassickandtiredofseeingmerunningaroundafterschooldoingnothing.SosheenrolledmeintoaballetcoursewhenIwassix.Ifellinlovewithitinstantlyandcontinuedwithballetdancingforabouttenyears.Then,IleftmynativecountryofNewZealandtostartmycareerasanEnglishteacher,whicheventuallybroughtmydancinglifetoastop.Itwasn’tuntilIrediscoveredsalsainalovelystudiowhileworkinginAsiathatIrenewedmypassionfordancing.Sincethen,Ihavebeentryingtoattenddancingclassestwiceaweekafterwork.It’sagreatwayformetorelievestressandpressure,anddancemywaytowardsfeelingenergeticandhappyagain.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.WhatwasadvertisinglikeintheMiddleAges?A.Merchantswereemployedtopromoteproducts.B.Admessageswereshoutedoutinpublicplaces.C.Productioninformationwasincludedinbooks.D.Adsignswereputupintowns.15.Whichcharacteristicisnotmentionedaboutthe18thcenturyadvertising?A.Repeatingthenamesofgoodsinads.B.Addingpicturesandexpressionsinads.C.Organizingwordsandexpressionscarefullyinads.D.Designingpostersandslogansforgoodsinads.16.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thedevelopmentofadvertising.B.Thesignificanceofadvertisingdesigns.C.Therelationshipbetweennewpersadvertisingandmerchants.D.Thevariouswaystomakeadvertisements.14.B15.D16.A【原文】Thewordadvertisingreferstoanykindofpublicannouncementthatbringsproductsandservicestotheattentionofpeople.Throughouthistory,advertisinghasbeenaneffectivewaytopromotethetradingandsellingofgoods.IntheMiddleAges,merchantsemployed“towncriers”toreadpublicmessagesaloudtopromotetheirgoods.Whenprintingwasinventedinthefifteenthcentury,pagesofadvertisementscouldbeprintedeasilyandwereeitherhunginpublicplacesorputinbooks.Bytheendoftheseventeenthcentury,whennewperswerebeginningtobereadbymorepeople,printedmaterialsbecameanimportantwaytopromoteproductsandservices.Andseveralcompaniesstartedbusinessesforthepurposeofmakingnewperadsformerchants.Advertisingspreadquicklythroughouttheeighteenthcentury.Adwriterswerestartingtopaymoreattentiontothedesignoftheadtext.Everything,fromclothestodrinks,waspromotedwithclevermethodssuchasrepetitionofthefirm’snameorproduct,wordsorganizedineye-catchingpatterns,theuseofprettypicturesandexpressionseasytoremember.Neartheendofthenineteenthcentury,companiesthatweredevotedtotheproductionofadscametobeknownas“advertisingagencies”.Theagenciesdevelopednewwaystogetpeopletothinkofthemselvesasmembersofagroup.Throughoutthetwentiethcentury,advertisingagenciespromotedconsumerismasawayoflife,spreadingthebeliefthatpeoplecouldbehappyonlyiftheyboughtthe“right”products.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.HowdoesCatherinefeelabouttransferringtoanewschool?A.Worried. B.Thrilled.C.Frustrated. D.Sad.18.WhatdoesMr.LeeencourageCatherinetodo?A.Seekadvicefromseniorstudents.B.Pickupsomemeaningfulhobbies.C.Participateinafter-schoolactivities.D.Lookintowhattheschooloffers.19.WhatdoesMr.LeepromisetodoforCatherine?A.Giveherhelpwheneversheneedsit.B.Findheraccommodationoncampus.C.Acceptherasatransferstudent.D.Introducehertoherroommates.20.WhatdoweknowaboutCatherine’sschoolmateBree?A.ShehassomeinterestssimilartoCatherine.B.ShehaschosenthesamemajorasCatherine.C.ShehasbecomefriendswithCatherine.D.Shehasjusttransferredtotheschooltoo.17.A18.C19.A20.D【原文】W:Goodmorning,Mr.Lee.MayIhaveaminuteofyourtime?M:Sure,Catherine.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:I’mquiteanxiousabouttransferringovertoyourschool.I’mafraidIwon’tfitin.M:Don’tworry,Catherine.It’scompletelynormalforyoutobenervousabouttransferringschools.W:Yes,Iknow,butI’myoungerthanmostofthestudentsinmyyearandthatworriesmealot.M:Wellyoumaybetheonlyyoungeroneinyouryear.But,youknow,wehavealotofafter-schoolactivitiesyoucanjoinandinthisway,you’llbeabletomeetnewfriendsofdifferentagegroups.W:That’snice.Ilovegamesandhobbygroups.M:I’msureyoudo.Soyou’llbefine.Don’worrysomuchandtrytomakethemostofwhatwehaveofferedhere.Also,rememberthatyoucancometomeanytimeofthedayifyouneedhelp.W:Thankssomuch.Idefinitelyfeelbetternow.Asamatteroffact,I’vealreadycontactedoneofthegirlswho’dbelivinginthesamedormitorywithme,andsheseemedreallynice.IguesslivingoncampusI’llhaveachancetohaveaclosercircleoffriends.M:Allstudentsareveryfriendlywithnewarrivals.Letmecheckwho’dlivewithyou.Okay,thereareHannah,KellyandBree.Breeisalsoanewstudentherelikeyou.I’msureyoutwowillhavemoretosharewitheachother.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Childrenmovingfromprimarytosecondaryschoolareill-equippedtodealwiththeboomingofsocialmedia,asitisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleintheirlives,andisexposingthemtosignificantemotionalrisks,accordingtoarecentreportbytheOfficeoftheChildren’sCommissionerforEngland.Thereportshowsthatmanychildreninyear7–thefirstyearofsecondaryschool,___21___almosteveryoneintheclasswillhaveaphoneandbeactiveonsocialmedia–feelunderpressuretobeconstantlyconnected.Theykindof____22____(worry)abouttheironlineimage,particularlywhentheystarttofollowcelebritiesonInstagramandotherplatforms.Theyarealsoupsetabout“sharenting”–whenparentspostpicturesofthemonsocialmediawithout_____23_____(permit)–andshowtheconcern_____24_____theirparentswon’tlisteniftheyaskthemtotakepicturesdown.Thereport,basedongroupinterviewswith8-to12-year-olds,showsthat_____25_____mostsocialmediasiteshaveanofficialagelimitof13,an_____26_____(estimate)75%of10-to12-year-oldswillhaveasocialmediaaccount.Somechildrenarealmostaddictedto“l(fā)ikes”,thereportsays.Aaron,an11-year-oldinyear7,toldresearchers,“IfIgot150likes,I’dbelike,that’sprettycool,itmeanstheylikeyou.”Somechildrendescribedfeeling_____27_____(confident)thanthosetheyfollowonsocialmedia.Aimee,also11,said,“_____28_____(compare)yourselfwiththem,youmightfeeldevaluedbecauseyou’renotverypretty.”Children’sCommissionerforEnglandAnneLongfieldiscallingonparentsandteacherstodomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalimpactofsocialmediaastheygetolder.“Whatachildhaslearntatprimaryschooldoesnotguaranteehecanprotect_____29_____fromtherisksthatsocialmediawillpresent.”“Itmeansabiggerroleforschoolsinmakingsurechildren______30______(prepare)fortheemotionaldemandsofsocialmedia.Anditmeanssocialmediacompaniesaresupposedtoassumemoreresponsibilities.”Longfieldsaid.21.when22.worry23.beingpermitted24.that25.although/though/while26.estimated27.lessconfident28.Comparing29.himself30.areprepared本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述根據(jù)一份報(bào)告，從小學(xué)到中學(xué)的孩子們無(wú)力應(yīng)對(duì)社交媒體的影響，許多中學(xué)新生遭受社交媒體相關(guān)壓力，擔(dān)心別人對(duì)自己的看法，所以兒童專家呼吁學(xué)校要幫助學(xué)生應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)化媒體的挑戰(zhàn)?！?1題詳解】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。句意：該報(bào)告顯示，許多七年級(jí)的孩子——也就是中學(xué)一年級(jí)的孩子，班上幾乎每個(gè)人都有手機(jī)，在社交媒體上都很活躍——感到了持續(xù)聯(lián)系的壓力。分析句子可知___1___almosteveryoneintheclasswillhaveaphone，為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞thefirstyearofsecondaryschool，表示時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填when。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他們有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)形象，尤其是當(dāng)他們開(kāi)始在Instagram和其他平臺(tái)上關(guān)注名人時(shí)。分析句子可知。設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)，從句用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是they，故填worry?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：他們也對(duì)“曬娃”(父母未經(jīng)允許在社交媒體上發(fā)布他們的照片)感到不安，并擔(dān)心如果他們要求他們把照片取下來(lái)，父母不會(huì)聽(tīng)。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為介詞without的賓語(yǔ)，并且和前面的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，故填beingpermitted?！?4題詳解】考查同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。句意：同上。分析句子可知，_____4_____theirparentswon’tlisteniftheyaskthemtotakepicturesdown為同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)concern進(jìn)行解釋，從句中不缺少成分，也不缺少意思，故填that。【25題詳解】考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：這份報(bào)告是基于對(duì)8-12歲兒童的群體采訪得出的。報(bào)告顯示，盡管大多數(shù)社交媒體網(wǎng)站的官方年齡限制是13歲，但估計(jì)有75%的10-12歲兒童將擁有社交媒體賬戶。分析句子可知，_____5_____mostsocialmediasiteshaveanofficialagelimitof13為從句，和后面的主句構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，故填although/though/while【26題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：同上。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處用來(lái)修飾75%的兒童，也就是用來(lái)修飾名詞的，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填estimated。【27題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：一些孩子描述說(shuō)，他們比那些在社交媒體上關(guān)注的孩子更不自信。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處接在系動(dòng)詞feel后應(yīng)用形容詞，后面有than，應(yīng)該是比較級(jí)，根據(jù)上文“IfIgot150likes,I’dbelike,that’sprettycool,itmeanstheylikeyou.”“如果我得到150個(gè)贊，我會(huì)說(shuō)，這太酷了，這意味著他們喜歡你?！庇纱丝赏茢噙@里是更沒(méi)有自信，故填lessconfident。【28題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：把自己和她們比較，你可能會(huì)覺(jué)得自己被貶低了，因?yàn)槟悴皇呛芷??！狈治鼍渥涌芍O(shè)空處在句中作狀語(yǔ)，和主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填Comparing?！?9題詳解】考查反身代詞。句意：一個(gè)孩子在小學(xué)學(xué)到的知識(shí)并不能保證他就能保護(hù)自己免受社交媒體帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！备鶕?jù)句意，可知是保護(hù)自己，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)是he，應(yīng)用它的反身代詞，故填himself?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這意味著學(xué)校要發(fā)揮更大的作用，確保孩子們?yōu)樯缃幻襟w的情感需求做好準(zhǔn)備。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為從句的謂語(yǔ)，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的主語(yǔ)是children，謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填areprepared。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.similarlyB.potentialC.restrictingD.senseE.evidencedF.influentialG.crownedH.fairlyI.emergingJ.termsK.contextsCambridgeDictionary’sWordoftheYear2020QuarantinehasbeennamedWordoftheYear2020byCambridgeDictionary,awebsitewhereeditorsusedatafromthewebsite,blogs,andsocialmediatoidentifyandprioritizenewadditions.OntheNewWordsBlog,_____31_____newadditionsarepostedweeklyforreaderstocasttheirvotesonwhethertheyfeelthesewordsshouldbeadded.Surprisingly,“Quarantine”hasdefeated“l(fā)ockdown”and“pandemic”tobe_____32_____WordoftheYear2020afterdatashowedittobeoneofthemosthighlysearchedforontheCambridgeDictionary.TheCambridgeDictionaryeditorshavealsotrackedhowpeoplewereusingthewordquarantineanddiscoveredanewmeaning_____33_____:ageneralperiodoftimeinwhichpeoplearenotallowedtoleavetheirhomesortravelfreely,sothattheydonotcatchorspreadadisease.Researchshowsthewordisbeingused_____34_____tolockdown,particularlyintheUnitedStates,torefertoasituationinwhichpeoplestayhometoavoidcatchingthedisease.Thisnew_____35_____ofquarantinehasnowbeenaddedtotheCambridgeDictionary,andmarksashiftfromtheexistingmeanings,whichrelateto_____36_____apersonoranimalsuspectedofbeinginfectious.NeithercoronavirusnorCOVID-19appearedamongthewordsthatCambridgeDictionaryuserssearchedformostthisyear.Webelievethisindicatesthatpeoplehavebeen_____37_____confidentaboutwhatthevirusis.Instead,usershavebeensearchingforwordsrelatedtothesocialandeconomicimpactsofthepandemic,as_____38_____notjustbyquarantinebutbythetworunners-upontheshortlistforWordoftheYear:lockdownandpandemicitself.Thisinterestinquarantineandotherrelated_____39_____wasreflectednotonlyinoursearchstatistics,butalsoinvisitstothisblog.CambridgeDictionaryisthetopdictionarywebsiteforEnglishlearning.Thedictionarynotonlyshowshowwordsareusedinreal-world______40______butalsogivesouttheirdefinitions.31.B32.G33.I34.A35.D36.C37.H38.E39.J40.K本文為說(shuō)明文。近日，“檢疫”一詞被劍橋詞典(CambridgeDictionary)網(wǎng)站評(píng)為2020年“年度詞匯”。該網(wǎng)站的編輯們利用網(wǎng)站、博客和社交媒體的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)確定并優(yōu)先考慮新增詞匯。【31題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在NewWords博客上，每周都會(huì)張貼潛在的新增詞匯，供讀者投票決定是否應(yīng)該添加這些詞匯。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空作定語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用形容詞形式，根據(jù)句意，“potential(潛在的)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B。【32題詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：令人驚訝的是，在數(shù)據(jù)顯示“隔離”成為劍橋詞典搜索量最高的詞匯后，“隔離”擊敗了“封鎖”和“大流行”，成為2020年年度詞匯。根據(jù)句意，“crown(加冕，榮登)”符合語(yǔ)境，該詞與主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用其過(guò)去分詞形式crowned，故選G?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式。句意：劍橋詞典的編輯們還追蹤了人們?nèi)绾问褂谩案綦x”一詞，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新含義:在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，人們不允許離開(kāi)家園或自由旅行，以免感染或傳播疾病。根據(jù)句意搭配，這里理解為“發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的意義出現(xiàn)（emerge）”，該詞與其前的名詞anewmeaning為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，“emerging(浮現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn))”符合語(yǔ)境，故選I?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：研究表明，這個(gè)詞的使用類(lèi)似于封鎖，尤其是在美國(guó)，指的是人們呆在家里以避免感染疾病。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空處作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞，根據(jù)句意，“similarly(類(lèi)似)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，“隔離”的新含義已被收入《劍橋詞典》，它標(biāo)志著對(duì)原有含義的轉(zhuǎn)變，原有含義指限制被懷疑具有傳染性的人或動(dòng)物。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空處在句中作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，“sense(觀念，意義)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式。句意：現(xiàn)在，“隔離”的新含義已被收入《劍橋詞典》，它標(biāo)志著對(duì)原有含義的轉(zhuǎn)變，原有含義指限制被懷疑具有傳染性的人或動(dòng)物。根據(jù)句意，“restrict(限制)”符合語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)其前的介詞to可知，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞，故restricting符合題意，故選C?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：我們認(rèn)為，這表明人們對(duì)這種病毒相當(dāng)有信心。分析句子成分可知，所設(shè)空處作狀語(yǔ)，修飾confident，根據(jù)句意，“fairly(相當(dāng))”符合語(yǔ)境，故選H。【38題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：相反，用戶們一直在搜索與疫情的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)影響相關(guān)的詞匯，不僅是“隔離”，還體現(xiàn)在年度詞匯的第二名:“封鎖”和疫情本身。根據(jù)句意，asevidencedby…為固定搭配，意為“根據(jù)……，由……可見(jiàn)一斑”，所以填evidenced，故選E。【39題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這種對(duì)隔離和其他相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)的興趣不僅反映在我們的搜索統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中，也反映在對(duì)這個(gè)博客的訪問(wèn)中。分析句子成分可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意，“terms(術(shù)語(yǔ))”符合語(yǔ)境，故選J?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：詞典不僅顯示了單詞在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活的語(yǔ)境中是如何使用的，而且給出了它們的定義。分析句子成分可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞，根據(jù)句意，“contexts(語(yǔ)境；上下文)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選K。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Whyliarslie:WhatsciencetellsusaboutdeceptionWealldoitsometimes,eventhoughweknowit’swrong.Buthere’stheproblemwithlying:researchshowsthatthemoreyoulie,theeasieritgets,andthemorelikelyyouaretodoitagain.“Thedangerousthingaboutlyingisthatpeopledon’tunderstandhowtheactchangesus,”saidDanAriely,abehavioralpsychologistatDuke.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyasage2.Someexpertsevenconsiderlyinga_____41_____milestone,likecrawlingandwalking,becauseitrequirescomplexplanning,attentionandtheabilitytoseeasituationfromsomeoneelse’s_____42_____toeffectivelycontrolthem.Butformostpeople,lyinggets_____43_____aswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.A2010studyonthefrequencyoflyinginAmericafoundthatinagiven24-hourperiod,mostadultsreportednottellinganylies.Almosthalftheliesrecordedinthestudycouldbe_____44_____just5percentofparticipants.Andmostpeople_____45_____lyingwhentheycould,turningtodeceptiononlywhenthetruthwastroublesome.HarvardcognitiveneuroscientistJoshuaGreenesaid,_____46_____,formostofus,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hepresentedstudysubjectswithachancetodeceiveformonetarygainwhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRI(核磁共振)machine,which_____47_____bloodflowtoactivepartsofthebrain.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstinctively.Butothers_____48_____optedtolie,andtheyshowed_____49_____activityintheirfrontalparietal(額頂葉)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedindifficultorcomplexthinking.Thissuggeststhattheyweredecidingbetweentruthand_____50_____–andultimatelyoptingforthelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneuralrewardcentersweremoreactivewhentheywonmoneywerealsomorelikelytobeamongthegroupofliars–suggestingthatlyingmayhavetodowiththe_____51_____toresisttemptation.Scientistsdon’treallyknowwhatpreventsallofusfromlyingallthetime.Somebelievetruth-tellingisasocialnormweinternalize,oraresultofconflictinourbrainsbetweenthethingswewantandthe____52____imageofourselveswestrivetomaintain.Butthecuriousthingaboutthis_____53_____mechanismisthatitcomesfromwithin.However,externalconditionsalsomatter_____54_____whenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweareabletojustifyit,whenweare_____55_____andexhausted,orwhenweseeothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwehavemoralremindersorwhenwethinkothersarewatching.41.A.historical B.developmental C.mental D.psychological42.A.perspective B.imagination C.experience D.evaluation43.A.dominated B.preferred C.accepted D.limited44.A.attributedto B.appliedto C.reducedto D.distributedto45.A.regretted B.avoided C.recognized D.denied46.A.anyhow B.instead C.indeed D.likewise47.A.stimulates B.maps C.guides D.assesses48.A.reasonably B.randomly C.passively D.deliberately49.A.restored B.failed C.regulated D.increased50.A.morality B.fantasy C.dishonesty D.reality51.A.inability B.impulse C.determination D.possibility52.A.unique B.objective C.positive D.typical53.A.preventive B.persuasive C.interactive D.decisive54.A.regardlessof B.bymeansof C.inresponseto D.intermsof55.A.delighted B.motivated C.encouraged D.stressed41.B42.A43.D44.A45.B46.C47.B48.D49.D50.C51.A52.C53.A54.D55.D這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了人在什么情況下會(huì)撒謊以及撒謊的原因?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一些專家甚至認(rèn)為撒謊是一個(gè)發(fā)展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一樣，因?yàn)樗枰獜?fù)雜的規(guī)劃、注意力和從別人的角度看問(wèn)題的能力，從而有效地控制局面。A.historical歷史的；B.developmental發(fā)展的；C.mental精神的；D.psychological心理的。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ikecrawlingandwalking,becauseitrequirescomplexplanning,attentionandtheabilitytoseeasituation”可知，此處指撒謊是一個(gè)發(fā)展的里程碑。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一些專家甚至認(rèn)為撒謊是一個(gè)發(fā)展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一樣，因?yàn)樗枰獜?fù)雜的規(guī)劃、注意力和從別人的角度看問(wèn)題的能力，從而有效地控制局面。A.perspective看法，觀點(diǎn)；B.imagination想象；C.experience經(jīng)歷；D.evaluation評(píng)估。根據(jù)空前“seeasituation”可知，此處指撒謊是從別人的角度看問(wèn)題的能力。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們發(fā)展出道德感和自我調(diào)節(jié)能力時(shí)，撒謊就會(huì)受到限制。A.dominated支配，控制；B.preferred偏愛(ài)；C.accepted接受；D.limited限制。根據(jù)空后“aswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.”可知，因?yàn)橛辛说赖赂泻妥晕艺{(diào)節(jié)能力時(shí)，撒謊就會(huì)受到限制。故選D。【44題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在這項(xiàng)研究中，幾乎一半的謊言可以歸因于5%的參與者。A.attributedto歸因于，由于；B.appliedto應(yīng)用于；C.reducedto降低到；D.distributedto分發(fā)給。由前文“mostadultsreportednottellinganylies.”可知，大部分成年人幾乎不撒謊了，所以此處表示一半的謊言可以歸因于一小部分的參與者。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：大多數(shù)人都盡量避免說(shuō)謊，只有在真相令人費(fèi)解的時(shí)候才會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向欺騙。A.regretted后悔；B.avoided避免；C.recognized辨認(rèn)；D.denied拒絕。根據(jù)后文“whentheycould,turningtodeceptiononlywhenthetruthwastroublesome.”可知，大部分人都會(huì)避免撒謊，只有在萬(wàn)不得已的情況下才那樣做。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：哈佛大學(xué)的認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)家JoshuaGreene說(shuō)，事實(shí)上，對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，撒謊需要付出努力。A.anyhow不管怎么樣；B.instead相反；C.indeed事實(shí)上；D.likewise同樣地。根據(jù)后文研究結(jié)果可知，撒謊的確需用付出努力。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在研究中，他給研究對(duì)象一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓他們通過(guò)欺騙來(lái)獲得金錢(qián)，同時(shí)用核磁共振成像機(jī)檢查他們的大腦，這將繪制出血液流向大腦活躍部分。A.stimulates刺激；B.maps繪制；C.guides指導(dǎo)；D.assesses評(píng)估。根據(jù)前文“examiningtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRI(核磁共振)machine”可知，因?yàn)橛霉δ艽殴舱癯上駲C(jī)檢查他們的大腦，所以此處需用動(dòng)詞maps，表示繪制出血液流向大腦活躍部分的圖。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但另一些人則故意撒謊，他們額頂葉控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)(涉及困難或復(fù)雜的思考)活動(dòng)增加。A.reasonably合理地；B.randomly隨意地；C.passively被動(dòng)地；D.deliberately故意地。根據(jù)前文“Somepeopletoldthetruthinstinctively”和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，有的人故意撒謊。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但另一些人則故意撒謊，他們的額頂葉控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)(涉及困難或復(fù)雜的思考)活動(dòng)增加。A.restored恢復(fù)，還原；B.failed失?。籆.regulated控制；D.increased增加。因?yàn)槿鲋e進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的思考，所以額頂葉控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)(涉及困難或復(fù)雜的思考)活動(dòng)增加。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的建議是，他們要在真相和不誠(chéng)實(shí)之間做出抉擇，最終選擇后者。A.morality道德；B.fantasy幻想；C.dishonesty不誠(chéng)實(shí)；D.reality現(xiàn)實(shí)。根據(jù)空前“truthand”可知，空處需用dishonesty與之對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在后續(xù)的分析中，他發(fā)現(xiàn)那些在贏錢(qián)時(shí)神經(jīng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)中心更活躍的人也更有可能成為說(shuō)謊者——這表明撒謊可能與無(wú)法抗拒的誘惑有關(guān)。A.inability無(wú)能力；B.impulse沖動(dòng)；C.determination決心；D.possibility可能。根據(jù)空后“resisttemptation”可知，此處指沒(méi)有能力去抵抗誘惑，所以會(huì)撒謊。故選A。【52題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人認(rèn)為，說(shuō)實(shí)話是我們內(nèi)化的一種社會(huì)規(guī)范，或者是我們的大腦中我們想要的東西和我們努力維持的積極形象之間沖突的結(jié)果。A.unique獨(dú)一無(wú)二的；B.objective客觀的；C.positive積極的；D.typical典型的。根據(jù)前文“Somebelievetruth-tellingisasocialnormweinternalize”和空后“imageofourselveswestrivetomaintain.”可知，此處指我們努力維持積極的形象。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但這種預(yù)防機(jī)制的奇怪之處在于，它是由內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的。A.preventive預(yù)防的；B.persuasive有說(shuō)服力的；C.interactive互動(dòng)的；D.decisive決定性的。根據(jù)本段第一句“Scientistsdon’treallyknowwhatpreventsallofusfromlyingallthetime.（科學(xué)家真的不知道是什么阻止我們所有人一直撒謊。）”可知，此處指預(yù)防機(jī)制。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：然而，外部條件也會(huì)影響我們?nèi)鲋e的時(shí)間和頻率。A.regardlessof不管，不顧；B.bymeansof通過(guò)；C.inresponseto對(duì)……作出回應(yīng)；D.intermsof在……方面。根據(jù)空后“whenandhowoftenwelie.”可知，此處需用intermsof，表示在撒謊的時(shí)間和頻率方面，外部條件有影響。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，當(dāng)我們能夠?yàn)樽约旱男袨檗q護(hù)時(shí)，當(dāng)我們感到壓力和疲憊時(shí)，或者當(dāng)我們看到別人不誠(chéng)實(shí)時(shí)，我們更有可能撒謊。A.delighted高興的；B.motivated激勵(lì)的；C.encouraged鼓勵(lì)的；D.stressed有壓力的。根據(jù)空后“andexhausted”可知，此處指當(dāng)我們壓力和疲憊時(shí)，我們更會(huì)可能撒謊。故選D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)DandelionsIrememberasayoungchildbringingabunchofbrilliantyellowflowerstomymother.Itdidn’tmatterthatthestemsfeltstickyorthatbothmyparentscursedthepresenceoftheseflowersinthelawn.Ithoughttheywerebeautiful!Andthereweresomanyofthem!Wespenthourspickingtheflowersandthenpoppingtheblossomsoffwithasnapofourfingers.Butthesupplyofdandelions(蒲公英)neverranout.Myfatherorbrotherswouldchopoffalltheheadswiththelawnmower(割草機(jī))atleastonceaweek,butthatdidn'tstopthesehardywonders.Andforthoseflowersthatescapedthehonorofbeinghand-deliveredtomymotherorthesharpbladesofthelawnmower,therewasanotherlevelofexistence.Thesoftroundnessofadandeliongonetoseedcausedendlesslaughterofdelightasweunconsciouslyspreadthisfloweracrosstheyard.AsIworkedinmygardenlastweek,pullingunwantedweedsoutofthecethatwouldbecomeahavenfortomatoes,corn,peasandsunflowers,Iagainmarveledattheflowerthatsomecallaweed.AndIthought,ifonlyIhadthestayingpowerofadandelion.I