2022年秋新教材高中英語Unit3ConservationLesson1TheSixthExtinction教案北師大版選擇性必修第一冊

歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！歡迎閱讀本文檔，希望本文檔能對您有所幫助！Unit3ConservationLesson1TheSixthExtinction教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)：知識目標：Studentscanlearnsomenewwordsandexpressionsandattributiveclause.能力目標：Studentscanhaveafurtherunderstandingofthepassage.情感目標：Studentscanthinkindividuallyandlearncooperatively.教學重難點教學重點：Howtolearnthenewwordsandexpressionsandattributiveclause.教學難點：Howtomakestudentshaveabetterunderstandingofthepassage.課前準備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學過程：一、Pre-reading1.Greeting2.Leading-inACTIVATEANDSHARE教師活動：(1)教師活動，引導(dǎo)學生完成練習。Howmuchdoyouknowaboutextinction?Choosetheoptionbasedonyourknowledge.1HowmanytimesuptotodayhaslifeonEarthalmostdiedout?aOnce.bFivetimes.cMorethan10times.2AboutwhatpercentofallspeciesonEarthbecameextinctduringthemassextinctionknownasthe"GreatDying"?aLessthan10%.bNearly50%.cMorethan90%.3Whatdoscientiststhinkwillcausethenextmassextinction?aHumanactivity.bNaturalcauses.cUnknownreasons.Askforvolunteerstosharetheiranswers,encouragethemtogivereasonstotheiranswers.While-readingREADANDEXPLORE1.學生活動：閱讀文章，回答問題。Readatextaboutextinction.ThencheckyouranswersinActivity1.(Answers:b,c,a)What'sthetextmainlyabout?(Thetextisaboutextinctionanditseffectonourplanet.)2.學生活動：閱讀文章，完成練習。Readthetext.Completethenotes.Thentalkaboutthedifferentaspectsofextinctions.(Answers:1Meaningofextinction:entirespeciesarewipedout2Thenumberofextinctionsoccurredsofar:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlived3Twonotableextinctionsandtheirconsequences:thethirdmassextinction,killed90%to96%ofallspecies;thefifthevent,whichoccurred66millionyearsago,causedthedeathofthedinosaurs4Mainreasonsthatcauseextinctions:volcaniceruptions,asteroidshittingtheEarthfromspace,changesinsealevels,thedecreaseofoxygencontentofthesea,globalwarming5Howtoavoidthesixthmassextinction:changethewaywelive,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;changehowweworkandtravelbyusingcleaner,morenaturalsourcesofenergy;improveourfarmingmethods)3.學生活動：閱讀文章，回答下列問題。Readagain.Answerthequestions.1Whatdidscientistsfindoutin2015?(Thestudyfoundthathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses,thatis,the"backgroundextinctionrate".Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.)2Whydoesthewriterthinkthesixthmassextinctionwillcome?(BecausehumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth,includinganimalsandplants.)3Whydoesthewriterbelievewe'llprobablydieoutif75%oftheEarth'sspeciesdieout?(Becauseourworldandourlivesdependonthebalanceinnaturebetweenanimalsandplants.)4Whatdidpeopledointhecasestudytoprotectblackrobins?Whichclaim(s)didthecasestudysupportinthetext?(PeopleprotectedOldBlue'seggs,helpedthemtohatch,andtookcareofthechicks.Peoplearerestoringtheirhabitatsandremovingpestslikemiceandcatsfromtheislandswheretheylive.Thecasestudyshowedthatevenindesperatesituations,wecandosomethingtohelp.Inshort,it'snevertoolate.)三、After-reading1.學生活動：GroupWork.Thinkandshare.1Usedifferentcolouredpenstohighlightatleastoneexampleforeachofthefourelementslistedbelowindifferentcolours.Thenfindout(1)whattypicallanguageisused?(2)Whattexttypeisthispieceofwriting?(3)Whatisitscommunicativepurpose?factsopinions/predictionsreasonssolutions(SuggestedAnswers:1.(1)Facts:over90%ofallspeciesthateverlivedareextinct;the“GreatDying",whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies;humanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.Reasons:airandwaterpollution,forestsbeingdestroyed,factoryfarmingandoverfishingarecausingspeciestodieout;withoutforests,wewouldhavenoairtobreatheandwithoutcleanwaterwewouldbeunabletosurvive.Opinions/predictions:manyscientistssaywearenowenteringtheEarth'ssixthmassextinction;scientistsbelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.Solutions:weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected;weneedtochangehowweworkandtravel…;wealsoneedtoimproveourfarmingmethods…(2)Thispieceofwritingisanexposition.(3)Itspurposeistoexplainwhatthesixthextinctionisanditseffectsandcallonpeopletotakeactiontopreventitfromhappening.)2.Whatwaysofargumentdoesthewriterusetoconvincereaders?Areyouconvinced?Whyorwhynot?(SuggestedAnswers:Thewriteruseswayssuchascitingideasfromexpertsorauthorities,givingexamplesandusingdata.Ibelievethatifwetakeactionnowitisnottoolatetosaveotherspeciesfromextinction.Theblackrobinwassavedfromextinctionwhenonlyfivebirdsremained,solthinkitispossibletosaveanyspeciesifweactrightnow.)2.學生活動：完成練習。Usetheadjectivesandnounstomakemeaningfulexpressions.Thenuseeachexpressiontomakeasentence.Writethesentencesinthespaceprovided.(Answers:endangeredanimals,entirespecies,naturalresources,significantchange,massextinction,solarenergy)3.學生活動：完成練習。CompletetheparagraphaboutextinctionsusingthecorrectformofthephrasesbelowdieoutbeknownashaveaffecteddependonwipeoutdieoutbeknownashaveaffecteddependonwipeouttakestepstakeactionssetuptakecareofInthelast500millionyears,therehavebeenfivemassextinctioneventsonEarth.Inthethirdevent,which1______________the"GreatDying",90%to96%ofallspecies2______________.Ofcourse,speciesdiedoutduetomanycauses.Butnowadays,humanactivity3______________alltypesofspeciesthatwe4______________forliving.Weneedto5______________toavoidthesixthmassextinction.Weshould6______________tosaveendangeredanimalsandplants,and7______________specialareasto8______________thembeforethenextextinctioncomesthatmay9______________theentirespecies.(Answers:1isknownas2diedout3hasaffected4dependon5takeaction6takesteps7setup8takecareof9wipeout)四、FOCUSONLANGUAGE:RELATIVECLAUSES(4)-DEFININGANDNON-DEFININGCLAUSES1.Readthesentencesanddiscusswhichword(s)theclauses(initalics)referto.1Extinctions,whereentirespeciesarewipedout,arenotunusualinourEarth'shistory.2Theseincludethethirdmassextinction,knownasthe"GreatDying",whichkilled90%to96%ofallspecies.3A2015studybyscientistswhowerebasedatBrownUniversityandDukeUniversityintheUS,lookedathowquicklyspeciesdieoutduetonaturalcauses...4Ifasixthmassextinctionoccurs,scientistswhohavestudiedtheissuebelievethatuptothreequartersofallspeciesonEarthcoulddieout.5Weneedtotakestepstosaveendangeredspecies,includingsettingupspecialareaswhereplantsandanimalscanbeprotected.Whichoftheclausesabove:(1)giveinformationtoidentifythepersons/objects.(___________)(2)giveextrainformationaboutapersonorathing,whichcanbeleftout.(___________)(Answers:1Referstoextinctions2Referstothe"GreatDying"3Referstoscientists4Referstoscientists5Referstospecialareas(1)definingclause(2)non-definingclause)2.Underlinetherelativeclausesinthesentencesanddecideiftheyaredefining(D)ornon-defining(ND).TranslatethemintoChinese.Discussthedifferenceinmeaningbetweenthetwotypesofrelativeclauses.()1Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.()2ThebuswhichwasfulloftouristsstoppedneartheLeaningTowerofPisa.()3Melissalentmesomemoney,whichwasverygenerousofher.()4Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,whichmakesdrivingverydangerous.()5Imetthefamousprofessorinthehotel,wherethemeetingwasheld.(Answers:1D2D3ND4ND5ND)EXPRESSYOURSELF學生活動：GroupWorkChoosetwoorthreeenvironmentalproblemsthatarecausedbyhumanactivity.Offersolutions.Trytouserelativeclauseswhereappropriate.語法：定語從句在句中充當定語修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。定語從句可分為兩大類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。對比兩句：Thisisthehousewhich/thatweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不用逗號隔開引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，做賓語時一些關(guān)系代詞可以省略非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明，沒有這一從句不影響主句意思完整。一般用逗號把主句和從句分開引導(dǎo)詞：who,whom,whose,which,when,where

等，不用一般that，不能省略限制性定語從句的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞，而非限制性定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是短語或句子。ThenhemetMary,whoinvitedhimtoaparty.后來他遇到了瑪麗，瑪麗邀請他參加晚會。（who指代Mary）Hechangedhismind,whichmademeveryangry.他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。（which指代逗號前的整個主句）1.定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩類。關(guān)系代詞先行詞作用備注who人主語關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that在從句中做賓語時?？梢允÷裕诮樵~后不能省略。whom人賓語whose人、物定語that人、物主語、賓語which物、句子主語、賓語as人、物、句子主語、賓語as做賓語時一般不省略關(guān)系副詞先行詞作用備注when時間時間狀語相當于“介詞+which”where地點地點狀語相當于“介詞+which”why原因原因狀語相當于“for+which”2.關(guān)系代詞的用法（1）只能用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況：①當先行詞是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等不定代詞時，或當先行詞被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等詞修飾時。如：Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.對他來說，世界上似乎沒有什么不可能的事情。②當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：ThefirstAmericanmoviethatIwatchedwasTitanic.我看的第一部美國電影是《泰坦尼克號》。③當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：ThisisthebestmuseumthatIhavevisitedallmylife.這是我這輩子參觀過的最棒的博物館。④當先行詞被thevery,theonly,thefirst/last等修飾時。如：Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.她是唯一理解我的人。⑤當先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時。如：WhichistheroomthatMrWanglivesin?王先生住的是哪一個房間？⑥當先行詞既指人又指物時。如：Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.瞧瞧那個正在街上走的人和他的驢子。（2）只能用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況：①關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時只能用which。如：Thisistheroominwhichshelived.這是她住過的房間。②在非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞指物時只能用which。如：HewillmakeatriptoSuzhou,whichisfamousforitsbeautifulscenicspots.他將到蘇州去旅行，那里因其美麗的景點而聞名。③先行詞本身是that時只能用which。如：Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.時鐘顯示時間。（3）用as引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況：①在限制性定語從句中，當先行詞被thesame,such,as修飾時，定語從句用as引導(dǎo)。如：Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.類似這樣經(jīng)常被提及的問題應(yīng)該得到解決。HewouldliketousethesamepenasIusedyesterday.他想用我昨天用過的同一支筆。Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.要求讀多少書我就讀多少書。②在非限制性定語從句中，as和which都可以用于指代整個主句。區(qū)別在于：as引導(dǎo)時意為“正如”，可位于句首或句中；而which引導(dǎo)時意為“這一點；這件事”，只能位于句中。as構(gòu)成的固定表達：asisknowntoallasweallknowasisoftenthecaseasisexpectedasisoftensaidasisreportedasishopedasisstressed（4）定語從句中“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的用法：做介詞的賓語的關(guān)系代詞一般是which和whom?！敖樵~＋which/whom”既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。常見的有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：①介詞＋關(guān)系代詞MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.＝MandelawastheblacklawyerwhomIwenttoforadvice.曼德拉是我向其征求建議的一位黑人律師。Istillrememberthedayonwhichwehadabigparty.我仍然記得我們舉行一場盛大聚會的那一天。注意：介詞的選擇與先行詞或者從句的謂語動詞有關(guān)。把先行詞放到從句里寫出一個完整的句子，然后再將先行詞換成對應(yīng)的關(guān)系代詞。固定短語中的介詞不能提到關(guān)系代詞的前面。如：Heisthemanthat/whomyourmothertookcareoflastmonth.他是你母親上個月照顧的那個人。②名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,threeofwhichwereEnglishnovels.＝LastSundayIboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,ofwhichthreewereEnglishnovels.上個星期天，我從書店買回幾本書，其中3本是英文小說。③形容詞最高級＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞。如：Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.中國有成千上萬的島嶼，其中最大的是臺灣。（5）定語從句中whose的用法：①whose既可以指人，又可指物，在定語從句中做定語，表示“……人的；……物的”。如：Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismine.窗戶朝南的那個房間是我的。②whose指物時可用ofwhich代替，但語序不同，即“whose＋名詞”相當于“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名詞”。如：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.門壞了的那間教室將很快得到修繕。3.關(guān)系副詞的用法當先行詞是表時間、地點、方式或原因等的詞，且從句缺狀語時，從句用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系副詞有時可轉(zhuǎn)化為“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”。如：Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.這里是我們度過童年的地方。注意：（1）當先行詞是表時間、地點、方式、原因等的詞時，只有在從句缺狀語時才用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)；否則，用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。如：He'llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmotherpassedaway.他會永遠記住他的奶奶去世的那一天。Iwillalwaysrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.我會永遠記住我們在鄉(xiāng)下一起度過的那一天。Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.這是我父親曾經(jīng)工作過的工廠。Thisisthefactorythat/whichtheyshowedusaroundlastyear.這是去年他們領(lǐng)我們參觀的工廠。Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslatethismorning.這是他今天早上遲到的原因。Thisisthereasonthat/whichmayexplainhisabsence.這是可以解釋他缺席的理由。（2）先行詞為point,situation,case,stage,position,degree等表抽象的地點和情況的名詞時，其后常用where引導(dǎo)定語從句，where在定語從句中做地點狀語。而occasion作“時機”講時用when引導(dǎo)；作“場合”講時用where引導(dǎo)。如：Today,wewilldiscussanumberofcaseswhereEnglishbeginnersfailtousethelanguageproperly.今天，我們將討論一些英語初學者使用語言不當?shù)睦?。Icanremembervery