考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山西建筑職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

41.我們必須全面深化改革，以釋放市場(chǎng)活力對(duì)沖經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力。

42.盡管財(cái)政收入增速放緩，支出壓力加大，但我們要堅(jiān)持以人為本，持續(xù)增加民生投入。

43.在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、公共事業(yè)等領(lǐng)域，應(yīng)積極推廣政府和社會(huì)資本合作模式。

44.我們要全面推進(jìn)依法治國(guó)，加快建設(shè)法治政府、創(chuàng)新政府、廉潔政府和服務(wù)型政府。

45.中國(guó)節(jié)能環(huán)保市場(chǎng)潛力巨大，它可以成為新興的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。

【答案】41.Inordertoinvigoratethemarkettooffsetdownwardeconomicpressure,wemustcomprehensivelydeepenreform.

42.Despitetheslowdowninthegrowthofgovernmentrevenueandincreasedpressureonexpenditures,wemustcontinuetoputpeoplefirst,sustainingincreasestospendinginareasthatareimportanttoimprovingstandardsofliving.

43.EffortsshouldbemadetopromotePublic-Private-Partnershipininfrastructure,publicutilitiesandotherareas.

44.Wewillfullypromotethelaw-basedgovernanceofthecountry;movemoreswiftlytobuildaninnovative,clean,service-orientedruleoflawgovernment.

45.ThereisenormouspotentialinChina’smarketforenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection;energyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustrycandevelopintoanewpillaroftheeconomy.

2.單選題

Getashirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial（

）whenyouwashit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fades

B.decreases

C.retreats

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。fade意為“變暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意為“減少，降低”；retreat意為“撤退，后退”；shrink意為“收縮，縮小”。

句意：穿一件比你平時(shí)穿的大一點(diǎn)的襯衫，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)材料洗過(guò)后會(huì)縮水。

3.單選題

He（）thetheory,thephilosophyandthepatternthatbecamethemodelforLi’sownmilitaryforceslater.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.furnished

B.decorated

C.polished

D.meditated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)furnish“提供”；B選項(xiàng)decorate“修飾”；C選項(xiàng)polish“使完美，完善”；D選項(xiàng)meditate“冥想”。根據(jù)題干可知，可推測(cè)這里應(yīng)當(dāng)填入一個(gè)表示完成的動(dòng)詞，C選項(xiàng)符合題干內(nèi)容。句意：他……的理論，哲學(xué)和模式，成為后來(lái)李自己的軍隊(duì)的模型。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Somemightconsideritanuglytruththatattractivepeopleareoftenmoresuccessfulthanthose________blessedwithlooks.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.more

C.most

D.least

【答案】A

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。根據(jù)題干中more…than結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)比較級(jí)與之對(duì)應(yīng)，因此排除C和D。而attractive與blessedwithlooks表達(dá)同義，無(wú)法比較，因此空格處應(yīng)選擇否定意義。句意：有些人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)丑陋的事實(shí)，有吸引力的人往往比那些顏值沒(méi)那么高的人更成功。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Putondarkglassesorthesunwill（

）youandyouwon'tbeabletosee.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discern

B.distort

C.dazzle

D.distract

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。discern意為“識(shí)別，覺(jué)察出，看出”；distort意為“歪曲，扭曲”；dazzle意為“使目眩”；distract意為“使分心”。

句意：戴上墨鏡，否則太陽(yáng)會(huì)讓你眼花，你會(huì)看不見(jiàn)。

6.單選題

InvestorsarebeingencouragedtocontinueploughingtheirsavingsintothestockmarketaftersharesinLondonrecoveredallthelossesincurredsinceSeptember11.TheadvicecomesdespiteAmerica’sDowJonesindustrialaveragetumblingonFridayafteracaseofanthraxwasdiagnosedinNewYork.ConsumerspendinginAmericaalsoslumpedbymorethanthreetimeseconomists’predictionsinSeptember,pushingsharepricesbackbelowpre-attacklevels.

TheFTSE100indexofBritain’slargestcompaniesclosedonFridayat5,145—up112pointsonitsSeptember10close.TheDowinNewYorkralliedlateontocloseat9,344,down66points.Althoughmostexpertsarepredictingfurthervolatilityinthecomingmonths,theyremaincautiouslyoptimisticthattheFTSE100willbeginasustained,ifrocky,rallytowards5,500bytheendoftheyear.Theimmediateeconomicoutlookisstillbleak.SomecommentatorspredictthatAmericawillendurearecessionlastingsixmonths.TheyalsoexpectBritaintosufferasharpslowdown.Butanalystssaythemarketiswellplacedtoabsorbanyfurtherbadnews.

Sharpeconomicdownturnscan,perversely,begoodforthemarketbecausetheyforcefirmstobemorecost-efficient.Therefore,anyannouncementsaboutrisingunemploymentorcorporatestreamliningcouldhaveapositiveeffectonshares.Ofmoreconcerntoprivateinvestorsistheimpactthatanotherterroristattackwouldhaveonshares.Ifthisweretohappen,themarketwouldalmostcertainlyslumpagain.Buthistorysuggeststhatitwould,onceagain,makeupanylostgroundwithinweeks.

Expertsarethereforeurgingprivateinvestorsnottorepeattheirpastmistakes,whentheywaitedforasustainedrallybeforefeelingconfidentenoughtoinvest.Crosssaid,“It’speculiarthatinvestorsfeelit’ssafertoinvestafterthemarkethasrisenby25%thanwhenithasfallenby25%.Commonsensesuggeststhattheoppositewouldbemoreappropriate.”MikeLenhoffofGerrard,thestockbroker,saidthatifthemarkethit5500andremainedaroundthatlevelforsomeweeks,itwouldbeasignthatfurther,sustainedgainswereimminent.Hesaid,“Gettingbackto5500wouldbeimportant,becauseiftheindexstayedatthatlevel,thepsychologyofthemarketwouldchangesubstantially.Defensiveshareswouldbecometooexpensiveandbiginvestorswouldstartmovingintovaluestocks,whicharethetypeoffirmsthatdowellinaneconomicrecovery.”

Butprivateinvestorscouldbeforgivenfortheirpessimisticmood,asnearlyallIsabuyershavesufferedbiglosses.Butinvestorscantakesomecomfortfromthefactthatthenextthreemonthsaretraditionallythebest-performingperiodoftheyearforthestockmarket.DavidSchwartz,thestock-markethistorian,saidtheindexalmostalwaysroseintheperiodbetweenNovemberandApril.Since1974,themarketwentupon24occasionsbetweenNovemberandApril,byanaverageof15%,anddroppedonlythreetimes.Schwartzsaid,“It’snoguaranteeforthisyear,buthistoryisonourside.”

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.ThereasonwhysomeexpertsremaincautiouslyoptimisticabouttheFTSEisthattheybelievethat（）.

3.Inthepresentsituation,corporatedownsizingmay（）.

4.Expertsadviseprivateinvestorstoavoidtheirpastmistakesby（）.

5.Fromthelastsentenceofthepassage,wemayinferthatSchwartzbelievesthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.FTSE100indexfellimmediatelyafterSeptember11

B.DowJonesindustrialindexisnowbeginningtopickup

C.Consumerspendingishavingapositiveeffectonthestockmarket

D.SharepricesinAmericahaverisencontrarytomostpredictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theAmericaneconomywillbeabletoresistfurtherdownturn

B.theDowJonesindexinNewYorkwillstoptumblingsoon

C.themarketwillabsorbanyfurthershockfrombadnews

D.theeconomicsituationinBritainandAmericawilltakeanupturnin6months

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.sharpeconomicdownturn

B.produceapositiveeffectonshares

C.causethemarkettoslumpagain

D.enablethemarkettoregainanylostground

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.withholdinganyinvestmentuntilthemarkethasrisenby25%

B.investingwhentheFTSEralliesbackto5500

C.investingonlyinthosefirmswhichshowsignsofrecovery

D.investingwhenthestockmarketshowssignsofupturn

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.themarketwillbemostlikelytogoupbetweenNovemberandApril

B.themarketwilldropbyanaverageof15%betweenNovemberandApril

C.themarketwillnotlikelygoupinthenextthreemonths

D.itisquiterationaltotakeapessimisticaltitudetowardsthestockmarket

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容，在倫敦股市收復(fù)了9.11以來(lái)的全部損失后，投資者被鼓勵(lì)繼續(xù)將他們的儲(chǔ)蓄投入股市。盡管美國(guó)道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)在紐約被診斷出炭疽病例后在周五暴跌，該建議還是出現(xiàn)了。九月份，美國(guó)的消費(fèi)支出也下跌了超過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)的三倍，將股價(jià)推回到襲擊前的水平之下。由此可知，“9?11”事件后，英國(guó)富時(shí)100指數(shù)立即下跌，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“SomecommentatorspredictthatAmericawillendurearecessionlastingsixmonths.TheyalsoexpectBritaintosufferasharpslowdown.Butanalystssaythemarketiswellplacedtoabsorbanyfurtherbadnews.一些評(píng)論家預(yù)測(cè)，美國(guó)將經(jīng)歷長(zhǎng)達(dá)6個(gè)月的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。他們還預(yù)計(jì)英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將急劇放緩。但分析師表示，市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)做好準(zhǔn)備，可以消化任何進(jìn)一步的壞消息?！盇選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)將能夠抵御進(jìn)一步的衰退”和B選項(xiàng)“紐約的道瓊斯指數(shù)將很快停止下跌”在文中沒(méi)有提及，選項(xiàng)D“英國(guó)和美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)將在6個(gè)月內(nèi)好轉(zhuǎn)”不符合原文。選項(xiàng)C“市場(chǎng)將消化任何進(jìn)一步的壞消息”符合原文

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“…anyannouncementsaboutrisingunemploymentorcorporatestreamliningcouldhaveapositiveeffectonshares.任何有關(guān)失業(yè)率上升或公司裁員的消息，都可能對(duì)股價(jià)產(chǎn)生積極影響?！彼赃x項(xiàng)B正確。

4.判斷推理題。題干意思是“專(zhuān)家建議私人投資者避免過(guò)去的錯(cuò)誤，在……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句Expertsarethereforeurgingprivateinvertorsnottorepeattheirpastmistakes,whentheywaitedforasustainedrallybeforefeelingconfidentenoughtoinvest.（因此，專(zhuān)家們敦促私人投資者不要重蹈覆轍，不要等到股市持續(xù)上漲時(shí)才有足夠的信心進(jìn)行投資）和第四段ifthemarkethit5500andremainedaroundthatlevelforsomeweeks,itwouldbeasignthatfurther,sustainedgainswereimminent.（如果股市達(dá)到5500點(diǎn)，并在這一水平附近保持?jǐn)?shù)周，這將表明，進(jìn)一步持續(xù)的上漲即將到來(lái)）可推斷，私人投資者可以在股市好轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)候進(jìn)行投資，故D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)股票市場(chǎng)顯示好轉(zhuǎn)跡象時(shí)進(jìn)行投資”正確；B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)富時(shí)指數(shù)回升至5500點(diǎn)時(shí)投資”與原文不符；由It’speculiarthatinvestorsfeelit’ssafertoinvestafterthemarkethasrisenby25%thanwhenithasfallenby25%.Commonsensesuggeststhattheoppositewouldbemoreappropriate.（奇怪的是，投資者覺(jué)得在股市上漲25%后投資比下跌25%時(shí)更安全；常識(shí)告訴我們，相反的措辭會(huì)更合適）可知，市場(chǎng)下跌25%比股市上漲25%后投資更安全，A項(xiàng)“在市場(chǎng)上漲25%之前不做任何投資”錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“只投資那些有復(fù)蘇跡象的公司”原文沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Schwartzsaid,‘It’snoguaranteeforthisyear,buthistoryisonourside.’Schwartz說(shuō)，今年不敢保證，但歷史總是站在我們這一邊?！鄙衔奶岬剑善笔袌?chǎng)歷史學(xué)家Schwartz表示，股票指數(shù)在11月~4月期間幾乎總是上漲的。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

7.單選題

Inorderto（）therisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.addupto

B.lookupto

C.cutshort

D.keepupwith

【答案】D

【解析】詞組辨析題。A選項(xiàng)addupto“合計(jì)達(dá)...，總共達(dá)...”；B選項(xiàng)lookupto“尊敬”；C選項(xiàng)cutshort“縮短，縮減”；D選項(xiàng)keepupwith“跟上，趕上”。句意：為了跟上不斷上漲的生產(chǎn)成本，訂閱費(fèi)已經(jīng)提高了。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）

manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retains

B.gains

C.achieves

D.acquired

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。retain“保持”；gain“獲得”，指通過(guò)努力獲得自己想要的東西；achieve“收獲，獲得”，指憑借長(zhǎng)期的努力實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)；acquire“獲得”，指通過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等。通過(guò)分析，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Onweekendsmygrandmausually（）aglassofwine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribesto

B.engagesin

C.indulgesin

D.hangson

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)subscribeto“訂閱；同意；捐款”；B選項(xiàng)engagein“從事于”；C選項(xiàng)indulgein“沉湎于”；D選項(xiàng)hangon“堅(jiān)持下去；不掛斷”。句意：周末我奶奶通?！槐?。能與“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)“沉湎于”。

10.單選題

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作為一個(gè)年輕的副經(jīng)理,他已被選中為提拔對(duì)象。

考查名詞辨析。Interruption中斷時(shí)間,打擾,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晉升;consideration仔細(xì)考慮,深思,斟酌;intuition直覺(jué)力,(一種)直覺(jué)。故B符合句意。

11.單選題

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)acceptable“可接受的”；B選項(xiàng)advisable“可取的”；C選項(xiàng)available“可獲得的”；D選項(xiàng)applicable“適用的”。句意：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)生在住房上的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)應(yīng)該占總共______開(kāi)銷(xiāo)的五分之一。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是在所擁有的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)中，住房占五分之一，available“可獲得的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項(xiàng)“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較”和D選項(xiàng)“做出一系列的預(yù)測(cè)”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者寫(xiě)作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會(huì)…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實(shí)施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國(guó)的制造商一直試圖通過(guò)削減成本來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強(qiáng)其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“增加他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對(duì)汽車(chē)制造商的研究表明，一個(gè)行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力?！梢源_定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人?！訠選項(xiàng)“支持前期有關(guān)一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個(gè)詞來(lái)描述？’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)私的，公正的”正確。

13.單選題

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)favorable“有利的，良好的”；B選項(xiàng)predictable“可預(yù)測(cè)的”；C選項(xiàng)dependable“可靠的，可信賴(lài)的”；D選項(xiàng)reasonable“合理的”。句意：隨著環(huán)境的不斷變化，結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測(cè)的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

Theteamshouldhaveprojectedtroubleaheadwhentheroad（

）intoagravelpath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interrogated

B.dwindled

C.transformed

D.collapsed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。interrogated質(zhì)問(wèn)，審問(wèn)；dwindled減少，縮??；transformed轉(zhuǎn)換，改變；collapsed倒塌，瓦解。句意：當(dāng)?shù)缆纷優(yōu)樯暗[路時(shí)，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)本應(yīng)該提前預(yù)測(cè)到困難。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

盡管美國(guó)的制造業(yè)就業(yè)崗位長(zhǎng)期流失，但由于在飛機(jī)和高科技設(shè)備等高價(jià)值的研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)等方面能力卓越，美國(guó)的制造業(yè)方面仍處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)的主要產(chǎn)品還是低成本的服裝和消費(fèi)類(lèi)電子產(chǎn)品。在產(chǎn)品價(jià)值方面美國(guó)的產(chǎn)品占世界制造業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的20%以上，大約是中國(guó)的兩倍。中國(guó)的人口眾多，國(guó)民人均產(chǎn)值僅為美國(guó)的1/7；在居民生活水平方面，中美兩國(guó)的差距就更大了，中國(guó)家庭產(chǎn)品的平均消費(fèi)只有美國(guó)的1/14。

【答案】Despitealonghistoryoflostmanufacturingjobs,theU.S.leadstheworldinmanufacturingbecauseofitsabilitytodevelopandproducehigh-valueproductslikeairplanesandhigh-techequipment.Meanwhile,China'smainproductsarelow-costclothingandconsumerelectronics.Intermsofvalue,theUnitedStatesproducesmorethan20percentoftheworld'smanufacturingoutput,abouttwiceasmuchasChina.ChinahasalargepopulationanditspercapitaGDPisonly1/7ofthatoftheUnitedStates.Intermsoflivingstandards,thegapbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisevenwider,withtheaveragehouseholdproductconsumptioninChinabeingonlyone-14thofthatintheUnitedStates.

16.單選題

Pleaserefrain（）smoking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.of

C.at

D.against

【答案】A

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：請(qǐng)勿吸煙。Refrain和from搭配為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“制止，克制不做某事”，因此正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

17.單選題

The（）inDavid’scharacterhashinderedhimfromadvancinginhiscareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.weakness

B.shortcoming

C.demerit

D.defect

【答案】D

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)weakness“指人性格、品行方面的弱點(diǎn)，或體制、組織、設(shè)計(jì)等方面的缺陷（強(qiáng)調(diào)弱點(diǎn)）”；B選項(xiàng)shortcoming“指某人或某事物所存在的不足或缺陷，通常用復(fù)數(shù)”；C選項(xiàng)demerit“是很正式的詞語(yǔ)，表示事物的缺點(diǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)defect“指事物的缺點(diǎn)或人性格上的缺點(diǎn)，一般指較大的缺點(diǎn)、缺陷。”某某人的shortcoming是可以改的；但是某某人的weakness是需要那個(gè)人自己去克服；shortcoming只能用來(lái)指人的缺點(diǎn)；weakness可以用在人以外的東西上。句意：大衛(wèi)性格上的缺陷阻礙了他在事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

41.Thecrucialpointisthis:labor,landandmoneyareessentialelementsofindustry;theyalsomustbeorganizedinmarket;infact,thesemarketsformanabsolutelyvitalpartoftheeconomic-system.Butlabor,landandmoneyareobviouslynotcommodities.Laborisonlyanothernameforahumanactivitywhichgoeswithlifeitself,whichinitsturnisnotproducedforsalebutforentirelydifferentseasons,norcanthatactivitybedetachedfromtherestoflife,bestoredormobilized;landisonlyanothernamefornature,whichisnotproducedbyman;actualmoney,finally,ismerelyatokenofpurchasingpowerwhich,asarule,isnotproducedatall,butcomesintobeingthroughthemechanismofbankingorstatefinance.Noneofthemisproducedforsale.Thecommoditydescriptionoflabor,landandmoneyisentirelyfictitious.

【答案】關(guān)鍵在于：勞動(dòng)力、土地和金錢(qián)是工業(yè)的基本要素；在市場(chǎng)上，它們還必須以組織有序的形式呈現(xiàn)；事實(shí)上，這些市場(chǎng)構(gòu)成了經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中絕對(duì)重要的一部分。然而勞動(dòng)力、土地和金錢(qián)顯然不是商品。勞動(dòng)只不過(guò)是一種與生命相伴的人類(lèi)活動(dòng)的別名。這種人類(lèi)活動(dòng)不是為了出售而產(chǎn)生的，而是順應(yīng)不同季節(jié)而出現(xiàn)的。并且這種活動(dòng)也不能與生命體的其他活動(dòng)分離開(kāi)來(lái)，無(wú)法被儲(chǔ)存和調(diào)用。土地只是自然的另一個(gè)名稱(chēng)，它不是由人類(lèi)產(chǎn)生的；實(shí)際的貨幣僅僅是購(gòu)買(mǎi)力的一種表征，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這種購(gòu)買(mǎi)力根本無(wú)法被生產(chǎn)，而是通過(guò)銀行或國(guó)家財(cái)政機(jī)制形成的。它們都不是為銷(xiāo)售而存在的。對(duì)勞動(dòng)、土地和金錢(qián)的商品性描述完全是虛構(gòu)的。

19.單選題

Historybeforetheemergenceofwritingaround3,000B.C.receivesbrieftreatment,（）itconstitutes99.9%ofthefive-million-yearhistoryofthehumanspecies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.although

C.that

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】語(yǔ)法題?？崭袂熬涮岬綍?shū)寫(xiě)于公元前3000年左右的歷史知識(shí)得到了簡(jiǎn)短的稱(chēng)述，空格后句提到這個(gè)時(shí)間的歷史構(gòu)成了人類(lèi)500萬(wàn)年歷史的99.9%，所以前后兩句是讓步關(guān)系，選用讓步連詞although，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

20.單選題

There’salwaysintensemediacoverageofairplanecrashesandthatcanreallyplayintopeople’sfearsandskewtheirperceptionsofhowsafeitistofly.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misconceive

B.distort

C.change

D.preoccupy

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misconceive“誤解，誤會(huì)”；B選項(xiàng)distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C選項(xiàng)change“改變”；D選項(xiàng)preoccupy“（使）全神貫注；提前占據(jù)”。句意：媒體總是對(duì)飛機(jī)失事進(jìn)行密集報(bào)道，這真的會(huì)加劇人們的恐懼，他們對(duì)飛行安全的認(rèn)知。根據(jù)句意和常識(shí)可以推斷，當(dāng)媒體大量報(bào)道某事時(shí)，往往會(huì)誤導(dǎo)、曲解人們對(duì)該事件的客觀認(rèn)識(shí)，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Otherskepticspointoutthatsuchapeacefulrisehasno（

）inhumanhistory.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reference

B.allusion

C.inference

D.precedent

【答案】D

【解析】考察名詞辨析。reference參考，參照；allusion暗指，典故；inference推理，推斷；precedent先例。句意：其他懷疑論者指出，這樣的和平崛起在人類(lèi)歷史上還沒(méi)有先例。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

22.翻譯題

Totalitarianismisthepolarcaseofsuchbureaucraticconcentrationofpowerthatdestroysdemocraticprocessess,butnottheonlyone.Thesametendencycanbeobservedinpoliticalmachinethattransferthepowerthatlegallybelongstovoterstopoliticalbosses,inbusinesscorporationsthatvestthepowerthatrightfullybelongstostockholdersincorporationofficials,inthoseunionsthatbestowthepowerthatrightfullybelongstorank-and-filemembersuponunionleaders.Thesecasesleadsomewriterstocontendthatthepresenttrendtowardbureaucratizationspellsthedoomofdemocraticinstitution.Thismaywellbetoofatalisticaviewpoint,buttherecanbenodoubtthatthistrendconstitutesachallenge.Toprotectourselvesagainstthisthreat,whilecontinutingtoutilizetheseeffcientadministrativemechanisms,wemustfirstlearnfullytounderstandhowbureaucraciesfunction.

【答案】【參考譯文】

極權(quán)主義是這種官僚權(quán)力集中破壞民主進(jìn)程的極端例子，但不是唯一的例子。在其他方面也可看到相同趨勢(shì)：政治機(jī)器將合法屬于選民的權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移給政治領(lǐng)袖；商業(yè)公司將合法屬于股東的權(quán)力授予公司高層；一些工會(huì)將應(yīng)賦予普通成員的權(quán)力給工會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。這些案例使一些作家認(rèn)為，目前的官僚主義趨勢(shì)預(yù)示著民主制度的滅亡。這可能是一個(gè)偏宿命論的觀點(diǎn)，但毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這種趨勢(shì)（給我們）帶來(lái)了一種挑戰(zhàn)。在我們繼續(xù)使用這些有效行政機(jī)制時(shí)，為了保護(hù)自己不受這種威脅，必須首先充分了解官僚機(jī)制是如何運(yùn)作的。

23.單選題

Allovertheworld,yourchancesofsuccessinschoolandlifedependmoreonyourfamilycircumstancesthanonanyotherfactor.Byagethree,kidswithprofessionalparentsarealreadyafullyearaheadoftheirpoorerpeers.Theyknowtwiceasmanywordsasmanywordsandscore40pointshigheronIQtests.Byage10,thegapisthreeyears.Bythen,somepoorchildrenhavenotmasteredbasicreadingandmathskills,andmanyneverwill:hisistheageatwhichfailurestartstobecomeirreversible.

Afewschoolsystemsseemtohavefiguredouthowtoerasethesegaps.Finlandensuresthateverychildcompletesbasiceducationandmeetsarigorousstandard.OneFinnishdistrictofficial,askedaboutthenumberofchildrenwhodon’tcompleteschoolinhercity,replied,”Icantellyoutheirnamesifyouwant.“IntheUnitedStates,KIPPcharterschoolsenrollstudentsfromthepoorestfamiliesandensurethatmostalmosteveryoneofthemgraduateshighschool—80percentmakeittocollege.Singaporenarroweditsachievementgapamongethnicminoritiesfrom17percentto5percentover20years.

Thesesuccessstoriesofferlessonsfortherestofus.First,getchildrenintoschoolearly.High-qualitypre-schoolingdoesmoreforachild’schancesinschoolandlifethananyothereducationalintervention.Onestudy,whichbeganinthe1960s,trackedtwogroupsofstudentsfromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.Someweregiventheopportunitytoattendahigh-qualitypre-school;otherswerenot.Thirty-fiveyearslater,thekidswhowenttopre-schoolearnedmore,hadbetterjobs,andwerelesslikelytohavebeeninprisonordivorced.

Second,recognizethattheaveragekidspendsabouthalfhiswakinghoursupuntiltheageof18outsideofschool—don’tignorethattime.KIPPstudentsspend60percentmoretimeinschoolthantheaverageAmericanstudents.Theyarriveearlier,leavelater,attendmoreregularly,andevengotoschooleveryotherSaturday.Similarly,in1996,Chileextendeditsschooldaytoaddtheequivalentofmorethantwomoreyearsofschooling.

Third,pourlotsofefforttotrainteachers.StudiesintheUnitedStateshaveshownthatkidswiththemosteffectiveteacherslearnthreetimesasmuchasthosewiththeleasteffective.SystemssuchasSingapore’sarechoosyaboutrecruiting;theyinvestintrainingandcontinuingeducation;theyevaluateteachersregularly,andtheyawardbonusesonlytothetopperformers.

Finally,recognizethevalueofindividualizedattention.InFinland,ki