高中英語知識(shí)講解：Unit+3+Under+the+sea+4+Section+ⅣGrammar含答案

高中英語講義高中英語講義只要堅(jiān)持夢(mèng)想早晚會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn) 只要堅(jiān)持夢(mèng)想早晚會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn) 9SectionIVGrammar專項(xiàng)突破語法博新，存加憤I專項(xiàng)突破語法博新，存加憤I煉V.—ing形式的被動(dòng)式的用法課前自主領(lǐng)悟.（教材P2o）IhadalreadyheardthatGeorgedidn beidgkep叔keep）waiting,soeventhoughIdidn'thavetherightclotheson,Iracedafterhim..（教材P2o）Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeingattacked（attack）byapackofaboutsixotherkillers..（教材P2o）Beingbadlywounded（wound）,thewhalesoondied..（教材P2i）FromJames'sface,Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandoned（abandon）byus..（教材P21）...whenweapproachedhim,IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheld（hold）upinthewaterbyOldTom.一課堂要點(diǎn)精析,考點(diǎn)?v.-ing形式的被動(dòng)式的形式形式構(gòu)成意義一＞式being+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生的動(dòng)作完成式havingbeen+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞先于謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?Theproblembeingdiscussedatpresentisofgreatimportancetous.目前正在討論的這個(gè)問題對(duì)我們來說很重要。Iappreciatedhavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我非常感激兩年前獲得了去國外學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。6溫?提示(i)系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，其主動(dòng)形式有時(shí)可以表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。Theflowerssmellingsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.植物園里的鮮花散發(fā)著馨香，吸引著游客去欣賞大自然的美。(2)need,want,require,beworth等后跟v.—ing形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。AsfarasI'mconcerned,thebookiswellworthreading.就我個(gè)人而言，這本書很值得讀?？键c(diǎn)■v.-ing形式的被動(dòng)式的用法v.—ing形式的被動(dòng)式在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語。其中，作主語、賓語、表語的v.—ing形式的被動(dòng)式為動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，作定語、補(bǔ)足語和狀語的 v.—ing形式的被動(dòng)式為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式。Sheinsistedonbeinggiventhehardestwork.（作賓語）她堅(jiān)持被派給最艱苦的工作。IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見一個(gè)小女孩正在唱英文歌。Notbeingallowedtogooutmakeshimveryangry.（作主語）不讓他出去使他非常生氣。Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboydisobeyedtheschoolrulesagain.（作狀語）被告知多次了， 這個(gè)淘氣的男孩還是又一次違背了學(xué)校規(guī)章制度。Themuseumbeingrepairedwillbere—openedtovisitorsnextyear.（作定語）正在維修的博物館將從明年重新對(duì)游客開放。。溫詈提示v.—ing形式的被動(dòng)式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)v.—ing形式的被動(dòng)式的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí)，要在v.-ing形式之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格（整個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語時(shí)，可用人稱代詞賓格代替物主代詞，名詞普通格代替名詞所有格）。Iamverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonoredwithamedal. 彳艮高興你能獲得——枚獎(jiǎng)牌。Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.決定已經(jīng)做出，下一個(gè)問題就是如何制訂一個(gè)好的計(jì)劃了。考點(diǎn)三過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式的區(qū)別過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可表示被動(dòng)： 過去分詞在表示被動(dòng)的同時(shí)通常還表示完成， 而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式分為完成式和進(jìn)行式。需要根據(jù)具體情況來判斷。Isawhimtakenawaybythepolice.我看見他被警察帶走了。WhenIgotoffthebus,Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.當(dāng)我下車的時(shí)候，我看到他正被警察帶走。Thestonebridgebuiltabout200yearsagowillbepulleddown.那座約200年前建造的石橋?qū)⒁徊鸪?。Theproblembeingdiscussedishowtomakechildrentakepartinsomeactivitiesindependently.正在討論的問題是如何使孩子們獨(dú)立地參與一些活動(dòng)。?課后跟蹤訓(xùn)練I單句語法填空Iappreciatedbeinggiven(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourcompanytwoyearsago.Ioftencan'thelpbeingattracted(attract)bysomenewswhilelookingthroughthewebsite.Theforeignfriendsyoumentionedarelookingforwardtobeingshown(show)aroundournewlybuiltlanguagelab.Everystudentshouldhavehomeworkexamined(examine)onceaday,whichistherulethateverystudentshallobeyinourclass.Havingbeenexplained(explain)manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandthetheory.Toavoidbeingaffected(affect),thegirlinsiststhatsheshouldbeseparatedfromherdeskmate,whoisverynaughty.Tasting(taste)goodandsweet,thiskindofapplewassoonsoldoutinthemarket.Written(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.Ourneighborcameclosetobeingkilled(kill)inatrafficaccidenttheotherday.Susan,togetherwithherparents,wasinvited(invite)tothepalacepartylastnight.Injured(injure),hewassenttohospitalatoncebyhisclassmates.Shirleywastiredofthepartyandslippedawaywithoutbeingnoticed(notice)LittleAlicedidn'ttellthetruthtohermother,becauseshewasafraidofbeingblamed(blame).I,aswellasyou,couldn'tstandbeingkept(keep)waitingforsolong,becauseIwasalsoverybusyatthattime.Iheardofhisbeingchosen(choose)tobethesalesmanagerofthecompany.n單句改錯(cuò)WhenIpassedbytheclassroom,IheardaChinesesongsung.在song后力口beingThisproblemisveryimportantandneedsstudiedwithgreatcare.studiedfstudyingTheboywasfrightenedofleftaloneathome,sohefirmlycaughthismother'shand.在of后力口beingHavingaskedtoworkovertimethatevening,Imissedtheexcitingbasketballmatch.在asked前力口beenTomyknowledge,exposedtothewindandrainforalongtimemustdoharmtothemachine.

在在exposed前力口being出語法與寫作.這些天學(xué)校正在開展很多藝術(shù)活動(dòng)，大部分同學(xué)都積極參與其中。Therearemanyartactivitiesbeingcarriedoutatschoolthesedays,andmoststudentsareactivelyinvolvedinthem..在那個(gè)公園散步的時(shí)候，我們看見工人們正在河上建一座橋。Whilewewerewalkinginthepark,wesawabridgebeingbulitbyworkersovertheriver..每個(gè)人都有受教育的權(quán)利，所以作為一名家長(zhǎng)，你應(yīng)該讓你兒子繼續(xù)他的學(xué)業(yè)。Everyonehastherightofbeingeducated,soasaparentyoushouldletyoursoncontinuehisstudies..沒有得到老師的表揚(yáng)，我感到很不高興。Nothavingbeenpraisedbytheteacher,Ifeltveryunhappy..被校體操隊(duì)錄取后，貝蒂非常興奮。Afterbeingadmittedintotheschoolgymnasticteam,Bettyfeltveryexcited..工人們無法忍受被這樣對(duì)待，于是他們計(jì)劃為改善工作條件而舉行罷工。Theworkerscouldn'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat.Asaconsequence,theyplannedtogoonstrikeforbetterworkingconditions.知能演練，輕松闖關(guān)知能演練，輕松闖關(guān)課時(shí)作業(yè),I單句語法填空Inordertoavoidbeing_seen(see)bytheEnglishteacher,Williamwalkedintotheclassroombythebackdoor.Mybrotherisgoodatplayingfootballandhedreamsofbeingadmitted(admit)tothenationalfootballteamoneday.Beingmade(make)funofbyhisclassmatesforhisdisabilitieswhenhewasakidmadeHenryunwillingtospeaktoothers.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated(cheat).Inrecentyearsthegovernmenthastakenmanymeasurestostoptheenvironmentbeingpolluted(pollute)andtherefore,theairqualityimprovesalot.Havingbeentold(tell)manytimesabouttheharmofsmoking,myhusbanddecidedtoquitit.Havingbeenpraised(praise)forhisperformanceintheEnglishclass,ZhangHuafeltmoreconfident.Inthepast,allmemberswere__allowed(allow)tobringthreeguestspermonthatno

charge.Mydaughtertidiedherdesktonightwithoutbeingasked(ask)todoitagainandagain.Thehigh-speedrailwaybeingconstructed(construct)atpresentwillbecompletedattheendof2021.Robertwasfrightenedofbeingfired(fire)byhisboss,becausehemadeabigmistake.Seeingmydeskmatebeingawarded(award)aprizeonthestage,Icouldn'thelpapplaudinghim.n閱讀理解Scientificexperimentshaveshownagainandagainthatoctopuses(章魚)areprettysmart.Theylearnquickly,cansolvepuzzlesandremembersolutions.Butthebigquestioniswhy?Thereareseveralreasonswhyoctopusintelligenceisamysterytomanybiologists.Firstly,biologistsbelievethatintelligentanimalssuchaschimpanzees(黑猩猩)anddolphinsdeveloplargecomplexbrainsbecausetheyliveincomplexsocialgroupsandneedtounderstandeachother.Octopuseslivealone.Secondly,otherintelligentanimalshavelongchildhoodswhentheycanlearnfromtheirparents.Suchanimalsalsogenerallyliveforquitealongtime,sohavingabigbrainisagoodinvestment.Babyoctopuseslosetouchwiththeirparentsalmostimmediatelyafterbirthandthentheyonlyliveforsixmonthstoayear.Whydoesthisanimalneedsuchalargebrain?Finally,octopusesarecousinstosnails,oystersandmussels—quiteprimitive(原始的)animals,whichappearedonEarthmillionsofyearsbeforemammalsdid.Generally,biologistsbelievethatintelligenceincreasesasyougohigherupthetreeofevolution(進(jìn)化).Withtheirbigbrains,octopusesdon'tseemtofitthistheoryatall.Theyalmostseemtobealiens,astrangemysteryoftheanimalworld.It'seasytounderstandwhyinHawaiianfolklore,peoplethoughtthattheoctopuswasactuallythelastsurvivorofalostuniverse.Onetheorysuggeststhatoctopusesandhumansperhapshavealotincommon.Likeearlyhumans,octopusesarephysicallymuchweakerthantheirpredators.Theyhavesoft,naked(裸露的)bodiesandtheycan'tswimasfastasmanyfishandsharkswhichhuntthem.Thisiswhyoctopusesspendmuchoftheirtimehidingbetweenrocksorinholes,justashumanslearnedtomaketheirhomesincaves.Octopuseshavealsolearnedsomeveryeffectivetechniquesforhuntingforfoodandthismeansthatanoctopusspendsverylittleofitstime(onaveragejustsevenpercent)lookingforfood.Butwhatdotheythinkaboutastheyhideawayintheirholes?Perhapsthecruelturnsofevolution,whichhaveleftthemwithlarge,playfulbrainsbutlivingaloneinthedarkatthebottomoftheocean...【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇議論文。文章對(duì)章魚為何如此聰明進(jìn)行了探討。Whichofthefollowingaboutoctopuseshasbeenconfirmed?A.Theyhaveapoormemory.Theypreferlivingingroups.Theyusuallyhaveashortlife.Theylearnalotfromtheirparents.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的 Babyoctopuseslosetouchwiththeirparentsalmostimmediatelyafterbirthandthentheyonlyliveforsixmonthstoayear.可知，章魚的壽命不長(zhǎng)，只能活半年到一年的時(shí)間。Whyareoctopuseslikealiens?A.Theycomefromadifferentuniverse.Theyhaveaverystrangeappearance.Theyarethemostintelligentcreaturesunderthesea.Theydon'tclearlybelonginthepatternofevolution.D解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的 octopusesare...primitive（原始的）animals,whichappearedonEarthmillionsofyearsbeforemammalselligenceincreasesasyougohigherupthetreeofevolution（進(jìn)化）可知，章魚作為一種比哺乳動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)早幾百萬年的原始生物， 擁有大的腦容量并如此聰明，這很明顯不符合生命演化的過程，因此被看作是外來生物。Whatdoestheunderlinedword “predators“ inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Cousins. B.Enemies.C.Partners. D.Parents.B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。由最后一段中的Theyhavesoft,naked（裸露的）bodiesandtheycan'tswimasfastasmanyfishandsharkswhichhuntthem.可知，章魚是——種軟體動(dòng)物,體力弱，沒有捕殺它們的天敵游得快。出完形填空MydaughterwasinGrade10athighschool.Shehadbeen__1__dyslexia（誦讀困難）.Despiteourgreateffortsto__2__herofhermanyother__3__,shethoughtshemustbedumb.Anysuggestionsthatsheattendspecialeducationclasseswere__4__because,inherestimation,thatwould__5__thatshewasdumb.Shebattledherworkathighschool.Whenitcametoexaminations,shewould__6__withthequestions,thuscausingproblemsinwritinganswers.Hermathteacher,seeminglytheonlyteacherwhounderstoodherdyslexia,__7__offeredtoreadthequestionsforher.Thenwhatwastheresult?Shegota__8__unheard-ofBformath.The__9__ofonethoughtfulteacherhadhelpedherenjoylifetothefull,andshecouldnowstartto__10__herselfandherabilities,finally__11__thinkingshewasdumb.Without__12 andthankingthemathteacher,Iwouldnotallowthiswonderfuleventto.Iphonedtheschoolaskingtospeaktohim,butreceivedaveryguarded"why?"fromthereceptionist.The__14inhervoicewasobviouswhenIreplied,“Ijustwanttoexpressmytohim. “'Oh...ofcourse…justamomentsherespondedandgotthecallthroughtotheteachers'commonroom.Theteachercameonthelinewiththesamesenseof6.Itoldhim,“Ijustwanttothankyouforreadingthequestionstomydaughterforhermathexam.NotonlydidshegetaB,butyouhavenoideaofthe17impactyourbehaviorhashadonmydaughter'sesf-beliefandhopesforherfuture.Mywife,mydaughterandIallsincerelythankyou.Mydaughter"s18withdyslexiacontinuestothisday.19,sheisnowanexperiencedandfully-qualifiedFamilyandYouthCareworker.Withself-confidence,shehashelpedandcontinuestohelpmanypeopleinher__20__lifeandishappilymarriedandnowhasfourchildren.【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇記敘文。 作者的女兒自小患有誦讀困難癥， 后來因一位老師的幫助，重新找回了自信，并且長(zhǎng)大后又繼續(xù)幫助他人。A.knockinginto B.livingonC.sufferingfrom D.throwingoffC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者上10年級(jí)的女兒一直患有誦讀困難癥。A.warn B. approveC.convince D. informC解析：作者努力說服女兒相信她還有很多其他才能。A.chances B. talentsC.hopes D. effortsB解析：盡管作者努力說服女兒相信她還有很多其他才能， 但女兒始終認(rèn)為自己愚笨。A.adopted B. refusedC.noted D. consideredB解析：任何上特殊學(xué)校教育課程的建議都遭到女兒的拒絕。A.confirm B. expectC.suspect D. noticeA解析：女兒認(rèn)為上特殊學(xué)校教育課程會(huì)證實(shí)自己是愚笨的。A.communicate B. struggleC.complain D. playB解析：患有誦讀困難的女兒在考試時(shí)會(huì)有讀題的麻煩。A.impolitely B. impatientlyC.unwillingly D. unexpectedlyD解析：在考試中，女兒的數(shù)學(xué)老師似乎是唯一一個(gè)理解女兒有誦讀困難癥的老師，很意外地幫女兒讀了題。A.previously B. particularlyC.normally D. clearlyA解析：作者女兒在這次考試中得了 B,這是前所未有的。A.company B. comfortC.action D. adviceC解析：老師的行為對(duì)女兒幫助很大，女兒開始享受生活。A.believein B.seekforC.longfor D.holdinA解析：女兒變得自信起來，開始相信自己的能力。A.enjoying B.continuingC.beginning D. stoppingD解析：女兒變得自信后不再認(rèn)為自己是愚笨的。A.contacting B. knowingC.seeing D. praisingA解析：老師對(duì)女兒的幫助影響很大，作者想要聯(lián)系老師，表示感謝。A.letout B. gobyC.gothrough D.letdownB解析：作者不想讓這件事就這么過去，一定要向老師道謝。A.surprise B.excitementC.disappointment D.sadnessA解析：根據(jù)上文averyguarded"why?"可推知，傳達(dá)員對(duì)作者的電話感到驚訝。A.doubt B. fearC.appreciation D. ideaC解析：作者解釋自己打電話的意圖，是要向老師致謝。A.caution B. stressC.humor D. satisfactionA解析：老師跟傳達(dá)員一樣在接到陌生電話時(shí)也是謹(jǐn)慎小心的。A.attractive B. objectiveC.serious D. positiveD解析：作者告訴老師，他的行為對(duì)女兒的自信及對(duì)未來的希望都有很積極的影響。A.study B. puzzleC.fight D. painC解析：女兒仍然在與誦讀困難癥頑強(qiáng)抗?fàn)?。A.Otherwise B. HoweverC.Moreover D. ThereforeB解析：雖然患有誦讀困難癥，女兒卻最終成為關(guān)愛中心一位合格的有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的員工。A.potential B. professionalC.peaceful D. practicalB解析：女兒現(xiàn)在不僅自己變得自信樂觀，而且在她的職業(yè)生涯中還幫助了很多人。W語法填空Amalemakoshark(灰鰭鯊),1.(name)Hell's,Btiaveledadistanceofhalftheglobe,or13,000miles,inlessthantwoyears.Accordingtoresearchers,itisthelongesttrackrecordedintheAtlanticOceanbyataggedmakoshark.Thescientistsbeganmonitoringthesharkin2015.Inthefirstyear,hetravelednorthalongtheeastcoastoftheUSbefore2.(return)tothetaggingsiteoffthecoastofOceanCity,Maryland.In2016,thesharkmadeseveralround-tripjourneysthroughouttheAtlantic,travellingea