考研考博-英語-佳木斯大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-佳木斯大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

MalaysiaandIndonesiarelyonopenmarketsforforestandfisheryproducts.______,someAsiancountriesarehighlyprotectionist.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Naturally

B.Conversely

C.Deliberately

D.Evidently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項(xiàng)naturally“自然地”，B項(xiàng)conversely“相反地”，C項(xiàng)deliberately“故意地，緩慢而謹(jǐn)慎地”，D項(xiàng)evidently“顯然，明顯地，清楚地”。由openmarkets“開放市場”和protectionist“貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的”可知，前后語義是相反的，conversely符合語境。句意：馬來西亞和印度尼西亞的森林和漁業(yè)產(chǎn)品依賴開放市場；相反，一些亞洲國家貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義色彩濃厚。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.Unfortunately,thegeologicalevolutionoftheEarth’ssurfacehashadanobliteratingeffectontheoriginalcompositionandstructureofthecontinentstosuchanextentthatfurtherterrestrialinvestigationshavesmallchanceofarrivingatanunambiguousanswertothequestionofcontinentalorigin.Paradoxically,cluestotheoriginandearlyhistoryofthesurfacefeaturesoftheEarthmaybefoundontheMoonandplanets,ratherthanontheEarth,becausesomeofthesebodiesappeartohavehadamuchlessactivegeologicalhistory.Asaresult,relativelyprimitivesurfacefeaturesarepreservedforstudyandanalysis.InthecaseofboththeMoonandMars,itisgenerallyconcludedfromtheappearanceoftheirheavilycrateredsurfacesthattheyhavebeensubjectedtobombardmentbylargemeteoroidsduringtheirgeologicalhistory.Likewise,itwouldappearareasonablehypothesisthattheBarthhasalsobeensubjectedtometeoroidbombardmentinpast,andthatverylargebodiesstrucktheEarthearlyinitsgeologicalhistory.

ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.Basedonalunaranalogy,onemightexpectseveralimpactcratersofatleast500kmdiametertohavebeenformedonEarth.ByapplyingBaldwin’sequation,thedepthofsuchacratershouldbeabout20km.Baldwinadmitsthathisequationgivesexcessivedepthsforlargecraterssothattheactualdepthshouldbesomewhatsmaller.Basedonthemeasureddepthofsmallerlunarcrater,Baldwin’sequationgivesthedepthofthezoneofbrecciationforsuchacraterasabout75km.TheplasticityoftheEarth’smantleatthedepthmakesitimpossibletospeakof“bracciation”intheusualsense.However,localstressesmaybetemporarilysustainedatthatdepth,asshownbytheexistenceofdeep-focusearthquakes.Thus,short-termeffectsmightbeexpectedtoadepthofmorethan50kminthemantle.

Evenwithoutknowingthepreciseeffects,thereislittledoubtthattheformationofa500-kmcraterwouldbeamajorgeologicalevent.Numerousauthorshaveconsideredthegeologicalimplicationsofsuchanevent.Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.Twomajordifficultiesinherentinthisconceptarethelackofanyknownsialicmeteorites,andthehighprobabilitythattheenergyofimpactwouldresultinawidedisseminationofsialicmaterial,ratherthanitsconcentrationatthepointofimpact.

Gilvarry,ontheotherhand,calledonmeteoroidimpacttoexplaintheproductionofoceanbasins.Themajordifficultieswiththismodelarethatmorphologyofmostoftheoceanbasinsisnotconsistentwithimpact,andthattheoriginandgrowthofcontinentsisnotadequatelyexplained.

WeagreewithDonnatal.thattheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsmayhavecausedcontinentformation,butwouldratherthinkintermsofthelocalizedadditionofenergytothesystem,ratherthanintermsoftheadditionofactualsialicmaterial.

Amarebasinis（

）.

Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat

（

）.

Thearticleisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

Sialicmaterialrefersto（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aformulafordeterminingtherelationshipbetweenthedepthandwidthofcraters

B.avalleythatisfilledinwhenaspatialbodyhasimpactwiththemoonortheearth

C.aplanetoid(smallplanet)createdwhenameteorite,uponstrikingthemoon,breaksoffapartofthemoon

D.adarkspotonthemoon,oncesupposedtobeasea,nowaplain

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.anasteroidislargerthanameteorite.

B.materialfromspace,uponhittingtheearth,waseventuallydistributed

C.theearth,atonetime,hadcraters

D.oceanwereformerlycraters

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theoriginofcontinents

B.therelationshipbetweenastralphenomenaandthemoon

C.differencesofopinionamongauthoritativegeologists

D.therelationshipbetweenasteroidsandmeteorites

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thebrokenrockresultingfromtheimpactofameteoriteagainsttheearth

B.materialthatexistsonplanetsotherthantheearth

C.acompositeofrocktypicalofcontinentalareasoftheearth

D.materialthatisman-madetosimulatematerialsthatexistedfarbackingeologicalhistory

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“是測定隕石坑深度和寬度的公式”，B選項(xiàng)“某一天體與月球或地球撞擊時(shí)填入的深谷”，C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)隕星撞擊月亮?xí)r，撞掉的部分月亮而形成小星體”和D選項(xiàng)“月球上的一個(gè)黑點(diǎn)，一度認(rèn)識是海，現(xiàn)在知道是平原。根據(jù)文章第二段的前兩句“ThelargecraterontheMoonlistedbyBaldwinhasadiameterof285km.However,ifweacceptthehypothesesofformationofsomeofthemarebasinsbyimpact,themaximumlunarimpactcraterdiameterisprobablyaslargeas650km.”“鮑德溫所列出的月球上最大的隅#坑直徑為285公里。可是，如果我們接受了某些由于撞擊而形成海盆地的結(jié)構(gòu)假設(shè)，那么月球上最大隕石坑的直徑可能有650公里?！庇纱丝梢酝茢喑鰉arebasin為月球上的隕石坑，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第四段講到了Gilvarry用隕星撞擊來解釋海洋盆地的形成，這一模式的最大困難在于大多數(shù)海洋盆地結(jié)構(gòu)和撞擊情況不符，由此可以推斷出D選項(xiàng)‘作者不相信海洋是以前的隕石坑’正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章在第一段前三句“Theoriginofcontinentalnucleihaslongbeenapuzzle.Theoriesadvancedsofarhavegenerallyfailedtoexplainthefirststepincontinentgrowth,orhavebeensubjecttoseriousobjections.Itisthepurposeofthisarticletoexaminethepossibleroleoftheimpactoflargemeteoritesorasteroidsintheproductionofcontinentalnuclei.”“大陸核起源長期以來一直是個(gè)謎。進(jìn)展到現(xiàn)在的理論一般都不能說明大陸生長的第一步情況，或者遭到嚴(yán)厲的反對。這篇文章的目的就是要研究大隕星或小行星的撞擊在地球核生成中可能起的作用”推斷出A選項(xiàng)‘大陸的起源’正確。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“Donnatal.have,forexample,calledontheimpactofcontinent-sizebodiesofsialiccompositiontofromtheoriginalcontinents.”“例如，Donnatal.提出大陸區(qū)域大小的，硅鋁結(jié)構(gòu)的天體撞擊形成最初的大陸塊的設(shè)想”可以推斷C選項(xiàng)“地球大陸地區(qū)特有的巖石構(gòu)成”符合題意；A選項(xiàng)“由于隕星撞擊地球形成破碎的巖石”、B選項(xiàng)“存在于地球之外其它星球的材料”和D選項(xiàng)“人造材料模擬存在于遙遠(yuǎn)地質(zhì)史上的材料”均沒有在文中提及。

3.單選題

Inhisfifties,Dr.Brownbecamedirectorofthechemicalcompany,apositionhe（）fortherestofhislife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.attained

B.cherished

C.expanded

D.retained

【答案】D

【解析】attain達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn)；cherish珍愛；expand擴(kuò)大；retain保持。句意：50歲時(shí),Brown博士成為這家化學(xué)公司的董事,他在這個(gè)職位上呆了一輩子。只有選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

4.單選題

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.

TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.

BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.

Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis（）.

7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?

8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?

9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?

10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsider

B.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackages

C.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouse

D.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.

B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.

C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.

D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.

B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.

C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.

D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.

B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.

C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.

D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Shortofvision

B.Lateandincomplete

C.Lackinginconsistency

D.Exhaustivebutineffective

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】6.判斷推理題。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提議的延長項(xiàng)目(theproposedextension)。首先，作者對這一項(xiàng)目持的是肯定態(tài)度，thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed（有一項(xiàng)措施不僅能立即提振經(jīng)濟(jì)，還能立即救濟(jì)那些最需要幫助的人）說明了這一項(xiàng)目的好處，指出這一項(xiàng)目是解決兩大問題的措施；然后，作者批評了第107屆國會(huì)Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress（這是第107屆國會(huì)最大的失敗之一）。由此可以推知作者的言下之意，就是下一屆國會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)重新考慮并采納這一項(xiàng)目，因此A選項(xiàng)“即將到來的國會(huì)應(yīng)該重新考慮”正確。B選項(xiàng)“被排除在經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃之外”；C選項(xiàng)“由眾議院精心設(shè)計(jì)的救濟(jì)計(jì)劃”以及D選項(xiàng)“由共和黨和民主黨共同提出”，都是不正確的。

7.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題實(shí)際上考查的是對第一段最后一句中的主語it所指的理解。該段在提出提議的延長項(xiàng)目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.（參議院在11月份休會(huì)之前批準(zhǔn)了這樣一個(gè)項(xiàng)目?？杀娮h院卻不予支持）。由此可以看出，其后一句中的it指代的就是這種參議院批準(zhǔn)而眾議院否決該項(xiàng)目的情況，因此B選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)延期未獲批準(zhǔn)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“眾議院不同意參議院的意見”；C選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有得到提振”以及D選項(xiàng)“沒有向有需要的人提供救濟(jì)”都與原文不符，也無法由原文合理推知。

8.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到細(xì)節(jié)題第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.（該法案將不僅涉及聯(lián)邦項(xiàng)目中登記的人，還包括提供13周的援助給在新的一年里那些失去國家福利的人。）可知，該法案不但覆蓋了那些已經(jīng)在聯(lián)邦項(xiàng)目中登記了的人，也為那些在新的一年中將失去州救濟(jì)金的人提供13周的援助。再來對照選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)“失業(yè)工人，有或沒有聯(lián)邦福利”覆蓋最完整，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“只有那些參加了聯(lián)邦計(jì)劃的人”；B選項(xiàng)“估計(jì)有95000名失業(yè)的工人”以及C選項(xiàng)“只有那些耗盡了國家資助的福利的人”均不完整。

9.判斷推理題。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.（眾議院也應(yīng)該這樣做。眾議院去年抱怨的一個(gè)問題是，克林頓-尼克爾斯法案耗資50億美元，太昂貴了?？紤]到眾議院共和黨人所考慮的減稅成本，這是荒謬的。）這一段提到了眾議院對Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨，認(rèn)為這一法案耗資太大。作者也表明了自己的看法認(rèn)為它很荒唐，然后說明了原因。其言下之意很明顯：眾議院共和黨提出的減稅計(jì)劃耗資比Clinton-Nickles法案更大，故他們認(rèn)為后者耗資大才顯得荒唐可笑。因此C選項(xiàng)“它的減稅提議代價(jià)更大”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它提供的理由在很大程度上是無關(guān)緊要的”；B選項(xiàng)“克林頓?尼克爾斯的法案太昂貴了”以及D選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)法案的成本估計(jì)只有50億美元”都與原文不符，也無法由原文推知。

10.判斷推理題。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.（后來，他終于要求國會(huì)為這些工人延長該計(jì)劃，并使福利從12月28日起生效。）中提到布什總統(tǒng)最后終于要求國會(huì)延長該項(xiàng)目，并于12月28日開始發(fā)放救濟(jì)金。因前面已說過對許多失業(yè)工人的救濟(jì)將在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow)，故據(jù)此即可推知布什總統(tǒng)的要求已經(jīng)太遲了。接著，在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的態(tài)度That'snotenough.(那還不夠)，并詳細(xì)說明了布什總統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃的缺陷。由此又可推知，作者認(rèn)為總統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃不完善。因此C選項(xiàng)“缺乏穩(wěn)定性”正確。A選項(xiàng)“缺乏遠(yuǎn)見”；B選項(xiàng)“遲到和不完整的”以及D選項(xiàng)“詳盡的但無效”三項(xiàng)都無法由原文推知。

5.翻譯題

即使在麥哲倫號航天器（Magellan）還未看穿金星（Venus）的云層覆蓋之前，天文學(xué)家（astronomer）便很有把握地相信金星上沒有水。金星的表面很熱，至少有450攝氏度。它的溫度超過了水星（Mercury），你也許認(rèn)為水星會(huì)比金星熱，因?yàn)樗x太陽更近。然而，水星沒有保溫的大氣層。

金星大氣層中的二氧化碳（Carbondioxide）把太陽的熱量保留了下來。這和溫室能夠保存太陽的熱量好讓植物生長類似。太陽的光線能夠穿過云層到達(dá)金星表面，但其熱量卻無法逃逸。天文學(xué)家們懂得,水在如此熾熱的環(huán)境下是無法以液體的形式存在的。然而，它附近的兩顆行星——地球和火星（Mars）——卻存在著水或冰。金星過去是否也曾有過水？

麥哲倫號航天器發(fā)回的照片沒有提供曾有水存在的跡象。金星的表面有很多像河一樣的長長的紋路，有些長達(dá)數(shù)百公里。但這些紋路似乎是熔巖（meltedrock）造成的，而不是水造成的。

金星上沒有古海洋的跡象，也沒有山巒被水沖刷的痕跡。一位天文學(xué)家說，金星太熱，水星太冷，而地球恰好適合水的存在。

【答案】EvenbeforetheMagellanspacecraftsawthroughVenus’scloudcover,astronomerswereconfidentthatVenushadnowater.ThesurfaceofVenusisveryhot,atleast450degreesCelsius.It’shotterthanMercury,whichyoumightexpecttobehotterthanVenusbecauseit’sclosertotheSun.Mercury,however,hasnoinsulatingatmosphere.

TheCarbondioxideinVenus’atmospheretrapsthesun’sheat.Thisissimilartohowagreenhousepreservesthesun’sheattoallowplantstogrow.Thesun’srayscanpassthroughthecloudstoreachthesurfaceofVenus,butitsheatcannotescape.Astronomersknewthatwatercouldnotexistasaliquidinsuchhotconditions.However,twonearbyplanets,EarthandMars,havewaterorice.DidVenusoncehavewater?

PhotosfromtheMagellanspacecraftprovidenoevidencethatwatereverexisted.ThesurfaceofVenusislinedwithlongriverlines,somehundredsofkilometerslong.Buttheselinesseemtobecausedbylava,notwater.

Therearenosignsofanancientocean,ormountainswashedawaybywater.OneastronomersaysVenusistoohot,Mercuryistoocold,andEarthisjustrightforwater.

6.翻譯題

Assoonasawomanhascaughtherman,she“givesuphercareerforlove”一or,atleast,thatiswhatshewilltellhim.Hecouldhardlybeflatteredbythethoughtthatshehadbeensavedinthenickoftimefromhavingtosweatherwaythroughexaminations,buthewouldmuchrathergetdrunkontheideaofthelove4

【答案】女人一旦捕獲了自己的男人，便會(huì)“為了愛情而放棄事業(yè)”，或者，至少她會(huì)對男人如是說。雖說他大概不會(huì)既得意洋洋地認(rèn)為，是他在緊要關(guān)頭救了她，使她免受考試的煎熬，但他卻寧愿陶醉于愛情“無法折衷”的想法，而這種想法是她故意裝作對她才有的想法。他甚至認(rèn)為，也許她本來可以成為一名著名的外科醫(yī)生或出色的新聞?dòng)浾?，而她卻為了自己放棄了所有的一切。但他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)想到，她更愿意當(dāng)一個(gè)著名外科醫(yī)生的太太，既不用上班，也不用承擔(dān)責(zé)任，就能享有他那樣的收入和地位。因此，為了彌補(bǔ)她所做出的巨大犧牲，他決心讓她在自己的身邊過上舒舒服服的曰子。

7.翻譯題

(1)Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyoutputsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomistsbutenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomicswithitsemphasisonincentives(激勵(lì)),providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfalltoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamilygirlsgrowuponlytomanyintosomebodyelse'sfamilyandbearchildren.(2)Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothsaresenttoschool—theprophecy(預(yù)言)becomesself-fulfillingtappingwomeninviciouscircle(惡性循環(huán))ofneglect.

(3)Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.(4)Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

(5)Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

【答案】1.在發(fā)展中國家，教育女孩很可能比其他任何投資都能產(chǎn)生更高的回報(bào)率。

2.因此，人們認(rèn)為女孩不如男孩有價(jià)值，女孩被留在家里做家務(wù)，而她們的兄弟則被送去上學(xué)。這個(gè)預(yù)言自我應(yīng)驗(yàn)，讓女性陷入被忽視的惡性循環(huán)。

3.另一方面，受過良好教育的母親在外掙錢的能力更強(qiáng)，并且面臨著完全不同的選擇。

4.她女兒受到的教育使下一代女孩更有可能和男孩一樣，受到教育并且健康。

5.幾乎沒有人會(huì)對女性受教育具有巨大的社會(huì)效益提出異議，而這也具有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

8.單選題

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)desolate“荒涼的”；B選項(xiàng)poor“貧窮的”；C選項(xiàng)bustling“繁忙的”；D選項(xiàng)thriving“繁榮的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（這個(gè)有1480人的漁村是一個(gè)荒涼而孤獨(dú)的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一個(gè)荒涼的地方，因此選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他們說性別差距不是來自資質(zhì)的差別，而是學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力的差別）可知D選項(xiàng)“男孩們把更多的時(shí)間花在兼職上”符合題意，A、B、C選項(xiàng)都與“學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力”有關(guān)。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（盡管61%的大學(xué)生是女性，但她們只占冰島理科學(xué)生的三分之一。當(dāng)他們進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場時(shí)，許多人被男性所取代，他們成為醫(yī)生、工程師和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)人員）可知C選項(xiàng)“男人扮演著更重要的角色”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家們說，他們看到許多聰明的女孩在面對真實(shí)的、面對面的與男孩的競爭時(shí)突然退縮）可知A選項(xiàng)“她們對自己缺乏信心”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了在冰島上的Sandgerdi由于男女學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)機(jī)不一樣，女生在數(shù)學(xué)成績上男生優(yōu)秀，因此B選項(xiàng)“女生在數(shù)學(xué)上占統(tǒng)治地位的地方”符合題意。

9.單選題

Ithasbeenarguedthatwhereschoolsbecomebureaucratized,theybecomeboundupwiththetechniquesandimplementationofthemanagerialprocess,andmayconcentrateonconcernwithpositionandself-advancement.Insodoing,theymayneglectthepurposeforwhichtheyweresetup.

Thus,theydonotfacilitatethedevelopmentofthosewhoarepartoftheschoolcommunity,andtendtoneglectthedesiresofchildren,parentsandsocietyatlarge.

Itisbecauseofsuchcriticismsthattherehasbeenanincreasinginfluenceinpoliticalrhetoricandlegislationoffree-markettheoriesoforganizationandsociety.Suchtheoriessuggestthatamuchmoremarket-oriented,competitiveapproachisrequiredsothatschoolsreorientthemselvestowardstheir“clients”.Bysodoing,itisclaimed,notonlydotheyonceagainaddresstheneedsofthosewithwhomtheyshouldbeprimarilyconcerned,butsuchanapproachalsounleashesthebenefitsofindividualresponsibility,freedomofchoice,andreward.

Thoughmuchofthissoundsattractive,ithasitsrootsasmuchinaneconomicbodyofthoughtasinsocialandpoliticaltheory,andthismustraisethequestionofwhetheritcanbeviablytransferredtoaneducationalcontext.Indeed,ifby“educational”wemeanthedevelopmentofallwithintheschoolcommunity,thenfree-markettheorymaymissthemarkbyconcentratingononly