考研考博-英語(yǔ)-三峽大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-三峽大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題

人們不會(huì)再建造大學(xué)校，而是會(huì)縮減現(xiàn)今存在的學(xué)校的規(guī)模以滿足不斷變化的學(xué)生需求，這些學(xué)生愿意把很多時(shí)間花在不到校學(xué)習(xí)上。隨著每天到校的學(xué)生越來(lái)越少，需要的設(shè)備也就越來(lái)越少，那么，在設(shè)備上的投資也就越來(lái)越少，設(shè)備的價(jià)值很快也就喪失了。教育機(jī)構(gòu)的電腦會(huì)被連接到能提供幾乎是沒(méi)有限制的計(jì)算能力和不斷更新的軟件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。在科技和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上節(jié)省下來(lái)的資金會(huì)被用到為所有學(xué)生提供更好的教學(xué)設(shè)施，通過(guò)掌上電腦給所有學(xué)生提供可以進(jìn)入到計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心的接入口。學(xué)生將用這些掌上電腦完成所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，上傳和下載信息，打印報(bào)告，進(jìn)入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，還有就是存儲(chǔ)他們研究的結(jié)果。

不公正并不會(huì)在2010年就消失。然而，無(wú)論是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)等級(jí)，還是精神或體格的需要，富人和窮人之間的不平等會(huì)直接通過(guò)政策，管理和經(jīng)濟(jì)上的優(yōu)先權(quán)加以削弱。這些優(yōu)先權(quán)會(huì)促使將用于建筑和管理的費(fèi)用轉(zhuǎn)向以學(xué)生為驅(qū)動(dòng)的費(fèi)用，即為所有的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備可以進(jìn)入到先進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。所有的學(xué)生都將有機(jī)會(huì)讓他們自己為充滿競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)做好準(zhǔn)備。教育機(jī)會(huì)不再會(huì)因?yàn)閭€(gè)人出身低或是沒(méi)有資源而被損失掉。

社區(qū)會(huì)在教育中扮演更為重要的角色。當(dāng)?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)會(huì)在學(xué)生的專業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備中發(fā)揮重要的作用。這些企業(yè)如果在此活動(dòng)中表現(xiàn)突出的話，可以接受稅務(wù)減免。

【答案】【參考譯文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear20102.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興；蘇醒”；persist“堅(jiān)持”；intensify“增強(qiáng)，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個(gè)月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對(duì)律師事務(wù)所中那些運(yùn)用手段圖謀權(quán)力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個(gè)人對(duì)于確定誰(shuí)應(yīng)該是他們的午餐伙伴的問(wèn)題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與initialfascination形成對(duì)比，故D項(xiàng)“減退”正確。

3.單選題

Inrecentyearstherehasbeenmuchtalkofa“renaissance”inAmericanmanufacturing.Afewthingsseemedtobeonthesideofthemakers.Forinstance,untilrecentlythedollarwasweak,Americanwageswerestagnant,butthoseinChinawerebooming.Cheapshaleoilandgasgavefactoriesaboost.Butaswearguedrecently,talkingofarenaissanceisoverblown.Andfewfigure,releasedtoday,addtothemountingpileofevidencesayingthatmanufacturinggrowthisstartingtoslow.

WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.Employmentinthesectorisstilllowerthanbeforethecrash.Soisoneimportantmeasureofoutput:realvalueadded.Inshort,Americahasnotgotbetteratproducingstuff.

Also,muchoftherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturingseemstobebasedonacyclicalboomin“durable”goods—thingsthatyouexpecttolastalongtime,likecarsandfridges.Duringtherecession,ordersfordurablegoodsplunged.That’sbecauseitisquiteeasytoputoffsuchpurchases.Bycontrast,itismoredifficulttoputoffpurchasesofnon-durablegoods,likemedicines,becausepeopletendtoconsumethemmorefrequently.

Aftertherecession,productionofdurablegoodssoared.Cheapcredit,forinstance,spurreddemandfornewmotorsandrapidgrowthincar-making.Thatsectoraccountedforoverathirdofthedurablegrowthfrom2009to2013.Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.

Newdataconfirmthisprediction.Ordersfordurablegoodsfellby1.4%inFebruary.Motor-vehicleordersfellby0.5%.Itispossiblethattherecentbadweatherhashadaneffecthere.Butitmaybeasignofsomethingmoretroubling.AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,“themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.”

Inrecentmonths,non-durablegoodshavealsofallenquiterapidly.Whatexplainsallthis?Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.Alternatively,itmaybebecauseconsumersarestartingtopullbackonspending.InJanuary,consumercreditgrewattheslowestpaceinoverayear,accordingtorecentdatafromtheFederalReserve.Inrecentmonthsconsumerconfidencehasdroppedabit.Andcompaniesmaynotbesoconfident,either,andarethusnotinthemoodtoaddtocapitalstock,saysStevenRicchiutoofMizuhoSecurities,aninvestmentbank.ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturing?

2.Inwhatsense“durable”goodscannotboostsustainableeconomicgrowth?

3.HowcanweunderstandtheremarksofeconomistsatCapitalEconomics?

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheoutlookofAmericamanufacturing?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybeputtoanendsoon.

B.Itismerelyanillusion.

C.Itisabouncebeforebreakdown.

D.Itlacksessentialsupport.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyarenotfast-consumeddailynecessities.

B.Theytendtobeinfluencedbybankingpolicy.

C.Ordersforthemareeasilytobecancelled.

D.Industriesofthemmaybelesssustainable.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ordersfordurablegoodsareaffectedbybadweatherindeed.

B.Decreaseofordersfordurablegoodsiscausedbydiseasespread.

C.Slumpofdurablegoodsindustriesstartedearlierthanthought.

D.Thenewdatamaynothaverevealedtherealityoftheindustries.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.ThestrongdollarmakesAmericanproductslessattractive.

B.Consumersarenotwillingtospendmoreondurablegoods.

C.Companiesdarenotacceptthecapitalinvestmentfrombanks.

D.Theconditionsofgeneraleconomicgrowtharenotpresent.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Quiteconfident.

B.Fairlyanxious.

C.Abitconfused.

D.Verypessimistic.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。第二段“WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.我們之前認(rèn)為，盡管美國(guó)制造業(yè)近年來(lái)出現(xiàn)了復(fù)蘇，但這不是可持續(xù)的。”可知美國(guó)制造業(yè)的復(fù)蘇可能會(huì)很快結(jié)束。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第四段“Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.然而，建立在少數(shù)可持續(xù)產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)上的復(fù)蘇是不可持續(xù)的。這是因?yàn)椋?dāng)被壓抑的需求得到滿足時(shí)，一些大型行業(yè)將會(huì)遭殃?？偖a(chǎn)出可能會(huì)停滯?！?/p>

3.推理判斷題。由第五段“AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,‘themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.’正如咨詢公司CapitalEconomics的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家所言，‘更大范圍的低靡從去年秋天開(kāi)始。事實(shí)上，自去年10月以來(lái)，核心訂單逐月下降?！笨芍陀卯a(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)的衰落比想象中要開(kāi)始得早。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.罪魁禍?zhǔn)罪@然是美元走強(qiáng)。因?yàn)樗沟弥圃鞓I(yè)出口（約占美國(guó)出口總額的一半）更加昂貴。”可知A項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)勢(shì)美元降低了美國(guó)產(chǎn)品的吸引力”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由最后一段“ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.這對(duì)美國(guó)制造業(yè)，甚至整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)都不是好兆頭。”可知作者對(duì)美國(guó)制造業(yè)的態(tài)度是非常擔(dān)憂的。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Surprisinglyperhaps,thebiggest

healthriskfortouriststravellingabroadisactuallyroadtrafficaccidents.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.potential

B.theoretical

C.definite

D.alternative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。potential“潛在的，可能的”；theoretical“理論的；理論上的”；definite“一定的，確切的”；alternative“供選擇的；選擇性的”。句意：也許令人驚訝的是，對(duì)出國(guó)旅游的游客來(lái)說(shuō)，最大的潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上是道路交通事故。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.單選題

John______smokeheavily,buthehasnowstopped.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isusedto

B.wasusedto

C.usedto

D.hasbeenusedto

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)isusedto和B選項(xiàng)wasusedto均表示“習(xí)慣于……；習(xí)慣”；C選項(xiàng)usedto意為“過(guò)去常常，過(guò)去經(jīng)常做某事”，有過(guò)去常這樣做，現(xiàn)在不這樣做了的意味；D選項(xiàng)hasbeenusedto是beusedto的完成時(shí)。句意：約翰過(guò)去抽煙很厲害，但現(xiàn)在不抽了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

ItisperfectlyclearthataviolentrevolutiononthepartofAmericanblackswouldfindnosympathyandsupportfromthewhitepopulationandverylittlefromthemajorityoftheNegroesthemselves.Thisisnotimeforromanticillusions.Withoutrecognizingthiswewillendupwithsolutionsthatdon’tsolve,answersthatdon’tanswerandexplanationsthatdon’texplain.

【答案】毋庸置疑，美國(guó)黑人的暴力革命絕不可能得到白人的同情與支持，也得不到大多數(shù)黑人的同情與支持。現(xiàn)在不是浪漫幻想的時(shí)候。如果不能認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，我們將會(huì)得出無(wú)法解決困難的方法、無(wú)法回答疑問(wèn)的答案與無(wú)法闡釋問(wèn)題的解釋。

7.單選題

InmyOpinion,agooddealofthe（）fortheirsuccessmustgotoJohnFrancis,thecaptain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reputation

B.respect

C.credit

D.compliment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reputation“名聲，名譽(yù)”；respect“尊重”；credit“功勞；信譽(yù)”；compliment“贊美”。句意：在我看來(lái)，他們的成功主要?dú)w功于他們的隊(duì)長(zhǎng)約翰。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

8.單選題

Thechildhasagood（）memory:shecanrepeatthestorieshermothertellsherexactly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.convey

B.verbal

C.optimistic

D.authentic

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。convey動(dòng)詞，“傳達(dá)，運(yùn)輸”；verbal“口頭的，言語(yǔ)的”；optimistic“樂(lè)觀的”；authentic“真正的”。根據(jù)下文“她能準(zhǔn)確地復(fù)述她母親講給她聽(tīng)的故事”，說(shuō)明孩子的口頭記憶很好，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

9.單選題

Thereferenceshemadetoherfriend,thepoet,wasinterestingbuttoo（）foranyonetoappreciate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.drastic

B.dull

C.obscure

D.distinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)drastic“激烈的；猛烈的”；B選項(xiàng)dull“鈍的；遲鈍的；無(wú)趣的；呆滯的”；C選項(xiàng)obscure“昏暗的；晦澀的；不清楚的；隱蔽的”；D選項(xiàng)distinct“明顯的；獨(dú)特的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的”。句意：她對(duì)她詩(shī)人朋友的提及盡管令人關(guān)注，但是卻太晦澀而沒(méi)有人能理解。根據(jù)句中“buttoo但是卻太”可知“晦澀的”符合語(yǔ)境，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Asisknowntoall,thePopeisthe（）leaderoftheRomeCatholicChurch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ultimate

B.utmost

C.superior

D.supreme

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ultimate“最終的，極限的”；B選項(xiàng)utmost“極度的，最遠(yuǎn)的”；C選項(xiàng)superior“上級(jí)的，優(yōu)秀的，出眾的”；D選項(xiàng)supreme“最高的，極大的”。句意：眾所周知，教皇是羅馬天主教會(huì)的最高領(lǐng)袖。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，D選項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative累積的，漸增的；formidable可怕的，強(qiáng)大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective預(yù)期的，未來(lái)的。句意：盡管突發(fā)的大災(zāi)難是瞬間的，然而其他災(zāi)難，比如干旱卻是___。由whereas表示對(duì)比關(guān)系可知此空應(yīng)選與“instantaneous即刻的，即時(shí)的”意思相反的詞，故A項(xiàng)“累積的”符合題意，答案A

12.單選題

Itwas（

）thelasttimearoundthetrack（

）Ireallykickeditin—passingthegossipinggirlfriends,blockingoutthewhistlesofboyswhohadalreadycompletedtheirrunandnowwerehangingoutonthegrassyhill,Iran---pushinghard,breathingshallowly,knowingfullwellthatIwasgoingtohavetohearaboutitfrommydisapprovingfriendsforthenextfewdays.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.notuntil...when

B.notuntil...that

C.until...when

D.until...that

【答案】B

【解析】由選項(xiàng)及題干可知本題考查“not…until…”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“Itis/wasnotuntil…that…”，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

Historianshaveonlyrecentlybeguntonotetheincreaseindemandforluxurygoodsandservicesthattookplacein18th-centuryEngland.McKendrickhasexploredtheWedgwoodfirm'sremarkablesuccessinmarketingluxurypottery;Plumbhaswrittenabouttheproliferationofprovincialtheaters,musicalfestivals,andchildren'stoysandbooks.Whilethefactofthisconsumerrevolutionishardlyindoubt,threekeyquestionsremain:Whoweretheconsumers?Whatweretheirmotives?Andwhatweretheeffectsofthenewdemandforluxuries?

Ananswertothefirstofthesehasbeendifficulttoobtain.Althoughithasbeenpossibletoinferfromthegoodsandservicesactuallyproducedwhatmanufacturesandservicingtradesthoughttheircustomerswanted,onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.Westillneedtoknowhowlargethisconsumermarketwasandhowfardownthesocialscaletheconsumerdemandforluxurygoodspenetrated.Withregardtothislastquestion,wemightnoteinpassingthatThompson,whilerightlyrestoringlaboringpeopletothestageof18th-centuryEnglishhistory,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral;forexample,laboringpeopleineighteenth-centuryEnglandreadilyshiftedfromhome-brewedbeertostandardizedbeerproducedbyhuge,heavilycapitalizedurbanbreweries.

Toanswerthequestionofwhyconsumersbecamesoeagertobuy,somehistorianshavepointedtotheabilityofmanufacturerstoadvertiseinarelativelyuncensoredpress.This,however,hardlyseemsasufficientanswer.McKendrickfavorsaVeblenmodelofconspicuousconsumptionstimulatedbycompetitionforstatus.The"middlingsort"boughtgoodsandservicesbecausetheywantedtofollowfashionssetbytherich.Again,wemaywonderwhetherthisexplanationissufficient.Donotpeopleenjoybuyingthingsasaformofself-gratification?Ifso,consumerismcouldbeseenasaproductoftheriseofnewconceptsofindividualismandmaterialism(apreoccupationwithorstressuponmaterialratherthanintellectualorspiritualthings),butnotnecessarilyofthefrenzyforconspicuouscompetition.

Finally,whatweretheconsequencesofthisconsumerdemandforluxuries?McKendrickclaimsthatitgoesalongwaytowardexplainingthecoiningoftheIndustrialRevolution.Butdoesit?What,forexample,doestheproductionofhigh-qualitypotteryandtoyshavetodowiththedevelopmentofironmanufactureortextilemills?Itisperfectlypossibletohavethepsychologyandrealityofaconsumersocietywithoutaheavyindustrialsector.

Thatfutureexplorationofthesekeyquestionsisundoubtedlynecessaryshouldnot,however,diminishtheforceoftheconclusionofrecentstudies:theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthormentionsMcKendrickandPlumbmostprobablyinorderto（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingitems,ifpreservedfrom18th-centuryEngland,wouldprovideanexampleofthekindofdocumentsmentionedinlines3-4,Paragraph2?

3.Accordingtothetext,Thompsonattributestolaboringpeoplein18th-centuryEnglandwhichofthefollowingattitudestowardcapitalistconsumerism?

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

5.Accordingtothetext,18th-centuryEnglandandthecontemporaryworldofthetextreadersare（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.contrasttheirviewsonthesubjectofluxuryconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

B.indicatetheinadequacyofhistoriographicalapproachesto18th-centuryEnglishhistory

C.giveexamplesofhistorianswhohavehelpedtoestablishthefactofgrowingconsumerismin18th-centuryEngland

D.supportthecontentionthatkeyquestionsabout18th-centuryconsumerismremaintobeanswered

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Awrittenagreementbetweenasupplierofrawmaterialsandasupplierofluxurygoods.

B.Adiarythatmentionsluxurygoodsandservicespurchasedbyitsauthor.

C.Atheaterticketstampedwiththedateandnameofaparticularplay.

D.Apayrollrecordfromacompanythatproducedluxurygoodssuchaspottery.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Enthusiasm.

B.Curiosity.

C.Ambivalence.

D.Hostility.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.contrastingtwothesesandofferingacompromise

B.questioningtwoexplanationsandproposingapossiblealternativetothem

C.paraphrasingtheworkoftwohistoriansandquestioningtheirassumptions

D.examiningtwotheoriesandendorsingoneovertheother

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxuryconsumerismcouldbesaidtobewidespreadamongthesocialclasses

B.dissimilarintheirdefinitionsofluxurygoodsandservices

C.dissimilarintheextenttowhichluxurygoodscouldbesaidtobestimulantofindustrialdevelopment

D.similarintheirstrongdemandforavarietyofgoodsandservices

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知第一句為本段的中心句。作者列舉McKendrick和Plumb是為了說(shuō)明他們做了相關(guān)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了人們對(duì)奢侈商品和服務(wù)需求的增加。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“onlyastudyofrelevantpersonaldocumentswrittenbyactualconsumerswillprovideaprecisepictureofwhowantedwhat.”只有實(shí)際消費(fèi)者寫(xiě)的相關(guān)私人資料才能讓人精確掌握"他想要什么"。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

第3題:信息推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Thompson”定位在第二段的后半部分“...,hasprobablyexaggeratedtheoppositionofthesepeopletotheinroadsofcapitalistconsumerismingeneral.”Thompson可能夸大了勞動(dòng)人民對(duì)資本主義消費(fèi)方式的抵抗情緒。所以選項(xiàng)D敵對(duì)的，符合原文。

第4題:信息歸納題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，本段主要就“消費(fèi)者為什么變得那么急于購(gòu)物”的原因展開(kāi)，作者提到兩個(gè)原因但給出了自己的質(zhì)疑，隨后給出自己的見(jiàn)解，即作者認(rèn)為人們喜愛(ài)購(gòu)物是一種自我滿足的形式。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

第5題:信息推斷題。題干中的"thecontemporaryworld"與最后一段中的"ourownworld"同義。所以根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“theinsatiabledemandineighteenth-centuryEnglandforfrivolousaswellasusefulgoodsandservicesforeshadowsourownworld.”18世紀(jì)英國(guó)對(duì)那些有用的瑣碎商品及服務(wù)的不知足預(yù)示了我們目前這個(gè)世界的特征。所以選項(xiàng)D共同點(diǎn)在于他們對(duì)不同商品的強(qiáng)烈追求，符合原文。

14.單選題

Accordingtodoctors,ifonecan

thebottleandcigarettes,onecanusuallybemuchhealthier.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.takeoff

B.keepoff

C.getoff

D.leaveoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。takeoff“起飛；離開(kāi)”；keepoff“讓開(kāi)；不接近”；getoff“動(dòng)身”；leaveoff“停止”。句意：根據(jù)醫(yī)生的說(shuō)法，如果一個(gè)人能遠(yuǎn)離煙酒，他會(huì)更健康。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

15.翻譯題

Asimilarmovementisgoingonbeforeourowneyes.Modernbourgeoissociety,withitsrelationsofproduction,ofexchangeandofproperty,asocietythathasconjuredupsuchgiganticmeansofproductionandofexchange,islikethesorcererwhoisnolongerabletocontrolthepowersofthenetherworldwhomhehascalledupbyhisspells.Formanyadecadepast,thehistoryofindustryandcommerceisbutthehistoryoftherevoltofmodernproductiveforcesagainstmodernconditionsofproduction,againstthepropertyrelationsthataretheconditionsfortheexistenceofthebourgeoisandofitsrule.Itisenoughtomentionthecommercialcrisesthat,bytheirperiodicalreturn,puttheexistenceoftheentirebourgeoissocietyonitstrial,eachtimemorethreateningly.Inthesecrises,agreatpartnotonlyoftheexistingproducts,butalsoofthepreviouslycreatedproductiveforces,areperiodicallydestroyed.Inthesecrises,therebreaksoutanepidemicthat,inallearlierepochs,wouldhaveseemedanabsurdity—theepidemicofover-production.Societysuddenlyfindsitselfputbackintoastateofmomentarybarbarism;itappearsasifafamine,auniversalwarofdevastation,hadcutoffthesupplyofeverymeansofsubsistence;industryandcommerceseemtobedestroyed.Andwhy?

Becausethereistoomuchcivilization,toomuchmeansofsubsistence,toomuchindustry,toomuchcommerce.Theproductiveforcesatthedisposalofsocietynolongertendtofurtherthedevelopmentoftheconditionsofbourgeoisproperty;onthecontrary,theyhavebecometoopowerfulfortheseconditions,bywhichtheyarefettered,andsosoonastheyovercomethesefetters,theybringdisorderintothewholeofbourgeoissociety,endangertheexistenceofbourgeoisproperty.Theconditionsofbourgeoissocietyaretoonarrowtocomprisethewealthcreatedbythem.Andhowdoesthebourgeoisiegetoverthesecrises?Ontheonehand,byenforceddestructionofamassofproductiveforces;ontheother,bytheconquestofnewmarkets,andbythemorethoroughexploitationoftheoldones.Thatistosay,bypavingthewayformoreextensiveandmoredestructivecrises,andbydiminishingthemeanswherebycrisesareprevented.

【答案】現(xiàn)在，我們眼前又進(jìn)行著類似的運(yùn)動(dòng)。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和交換關(guān)系，資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的所有制關(guān)系，這個(gè)曾經(jīng)仿佛用法術(shù)創(chuàng)造了如此龐大的生產(chǎn)資料和交換手段的現(xiàn)代資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)，現(xiàn)在像一個(gè)魔法師一樣不能再支配自己用法術(shù)呼喚出來(lái)的魔鬼了。幾十年來(lái)的工業(yè)和商業(yè)的歷史，只不過(guò)是現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)力反抗現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)關(guān)系、反抗作為資產(chǎn)階級(jí)及其統(tǒng)治的存在條件的所有制關(guān)系的歷史。只要指出在周期性的重復(fù)中越來(lái)越危及整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)生存的商業(yè)危機(jī)就夠了。在商業(yè)危機(jī)期間，總是不僅有很大一部分制成的產(chǎn)品被毀滅掉，而且有很大一部分已經(jīng)造成的生產(chǎn)力被毀滅掉。在危機(jī)期間，發(fā)生一種在過(guò)去一切時(shí)代看來(lái)都好像是荒唐現(xiàn)象的社會(huì)瘟疫，即生產(chǎn)過(guò)剩的瘟疫。社會(huì)突然發(fā)現(xiàn)自己回到了一時(shí)的野蠻狀態(tài)：仿佛是一次饑荒、一場(chǎng)普遍的毀滅性戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，使社會(huì)失去了全部生活資料；仿佛是工業(yè)和商業(yè)全被毀滅了，——這是什么緣故呢？因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)上文明過(guò)度，生活資料太多，工業(yè)和商業(yè)太發(fā)達(dá)。社會(huì)所擁有的生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)不能再促進(jìn)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)文明和資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制關(guān)系的發(fā)展；相反，生產(chǎn)力已經(jīng)強(qiáng)大到這種關(guān)系所不能適應(yīng)的地步，它已經(jīng)受到這種關(guān)系的阻礙；而它一著手克服這種障礙，就使整個(gè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)陷入混亂，就使資產(chǎn)階級(jí)所有制的存在受到威脅。資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)太狹窄了，再容納不了它本身所造成的財(cái)富了?！Y產(chǎn)階級(jí)用什么辦法來(lái)克服這種危機(jī)呢？一方面不得不消滅大量生產(chǎn)力，另一方面奪取新的市場(chǎng)，更加徹底地利用舊的市場(chǎng)。這究竟是怎樣的一種辦法呢？這不過(guò)是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)準(zhǔn)備更全面更猛烈的危機(jī)的辦法，不過(guò)是使防止危機(jī)的手段越來(lái)越少的辦法。

16.單選題

Mr.Whiteisovereighty,buthestill______hispositionaschairmanoftheboardandwillnotretire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.goesinfor

B.getsonwith

C.fallsbackon

D.holdsonto

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.goesinfor參加，追求B.getsonwith在……獲得成功，與……友好相處

C.fallsbackon求助于，回頭再說(shuō)D.holdsonto堅(jiān)持，抓住不放

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由空格后的hisposition（他的職位）可知，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有D項(xiàng)符合，表示“保留職位”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】懷特先生已經(jīng)八十多歲了，但他仍然保留著董事長(zhǎng)的職位，不會(huì)退休。

17.單選題

Inthemodernsociety,peopleoftenfeelcomfortablephysicallybutsufferalot（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.moderately

B.naturally

C.biologically

D.psychologically

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。moderately“適度地，有節(jié)制地”；naturally“自然地”；biologically“生物學(xué)上地”；psychologically“精神上地，心理上地”。句意：在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，人們經(jīng)常感覺(jué)生理上是舒服的，但卻遭遇心理上的問(wèn)題。由but可知其前后內(nèi)容性質(zhì)相反，前面提到生理，故空格處應(yīng)該填心理上地。

18.單選題

The（

）languageoflocalofficialsmakesthemseemveryignorantandrude.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.lively

C.indecent

D.humorous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)artificial“人工的，人造的”；B選項(xiàng)lively“精力充沛的，生氣勃勃的”；C選項(xiàng)indecent“不得體的，不合適的，粗鄙的”；D選項(xiàng)humorous“滑稽有趣的，有幽默感的”。由veryignorantandrude（非常無(wú)知和粗魯）可知地方官員的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)該是“不得體的，粗鄙的”。句意：地方官員的不得體語(yǔ)言使他們顯得非常無(wú)知和粗魯。

19.單選題

Thisbookisabouthowthesebasicbeliefsandvaluesaffectimportant______ofAmericanlife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashions

B.frontiers

C.facets

D.formats

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fashions“時(shí)尚；時(shí)裝；樣式；方式；時(shí)髦人物”；B選項(xiàng)frontiers“前沿；邊界；國(guó)境”；C選項(xiàng)facets“面；方面；小平面”；D選項(xiàng)formats“格式；版式；開(kāi)本”。句意：這本書(shū)大致介紹了這些根本的信仰和價(jià)值觀對(duì)美國(guó)人生活各個(gè)重要層面的影響。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Manypeoplequestionthestabilityofinternationalmarriages.Thishasalwayspuzzledme,becauseifyoustoptothinkaboutdivorceintheUSforamoment,youwillrecallthatmostofthemarriagesthatbreakuparebetweennative-bornAmericans.CertainlyIamnotawareofanystatisticsshowingahigherpropensitytodivorceinbi-nationalmarriagesthaninthemoreconventionalsort.Iseriouslydoubtthatthereisanymeaningfulrelationbetweenmaritalinstabilityanddifferencesinnationalityinsidemarriages.

Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeactions.

Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicy-makersandeconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomyandthebenefitsoffreetrade,theytoooftenignorethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftandBoeing,co-chairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteefortheWTOmeeting,areamongthewinners.Buttheformglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichandpoornations.

【答案】

許多人質(zhì)疑跨國(guó)婚姻的穩(wěn)定性。這種質(zhì)疑讓我覺(jué)得疑惑，因?yàn)槿绻阃Ｏ聛?lái)想一想美國(guó)的離婚問(wèn)題，你會(huì)想到大多數(shù)破裂的婚姻都是土生土長(zhǎng)的美國(guó)人之間的。當(dāng)然，我并不認(rèn)為有任何統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)可以表明，跨國(guó)婚姻比傳統(tǒng)婚姻更容易走向離婚。我對(duì)婚姻的不穩(wěn)定和婚姻中的國(guó)籍差異之間是否有任何有意義的關(guān)系是十分懷疑的。

在這些變化和轉(zhuǎn)折中，我們對(duì)生活方式的感受會(huì)經(jīng)歷四個(gè)感知領(lǐng)域的細(xì)微變化。第一，是我們內(nèi)心對(duì)自己和他人的看法。第二，是我們?cè)谏畹母鞣N威脅面前所具有的安全感。第三，是我們對(duì)時(shí)間的感知。最后，是我們對(duì)自己的精力和活力的直覺(jué)變化。這些都是朦朧的感覺(jué)，它們構(gòu)成了我們生活的基調(diào)，并影響著我們采取行動(dòng)前的各種決定。

這里有很多因素值得關(guān)注。當(dāng)主要的決策者和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們談到蓬勃發(fā)展的全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和自由貿(mào)易的好處時(shí)，他們往往忽視了那些失敗者。微軟和波音的首席執(zhí)行官都是贏家，他們將聯(lián)合擔(dān)任這次世界貿(mào)易組織西雅圖會(huì)議接待委員會(huì)的主席。但已經(jīng)形成的全球化形式增加了貧富國(guó)家之間的差距。

21.單選題

Hertalkattheseminarclearly（）fromthetopicthesupervisorexpectedinthefieldof

sociology.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alternated

B.amplified

C.designated

D.diverged

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的發(fā)言明顯與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)期望的在社會(huì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的主題（）。Divergedfrom為固定搭配，意為“背道而馳；背離”。

22.單選題

Nowthose“effortless”goodlooksseemalittlemorerisky.Allegedly,thesiliconeimplantscanleakandinterferewiththebody’simmunesystem.Therehavebeenover2,000complaints,particularlyaboutimplantswhichpredate1985-althoughcosmeticsurgeonsblamezealouslawyersformanufacturingconcerns.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationannouncedaninquirylastyear,butinitiallysaiditwouldnotaskfortheoperationstostopit,reportedlybecauseofevidencecomingoutincourtcases.InDecember,forexample,awomanwhosufferedfromarupturedimplantwasawarded$7.34mfromthebiggestmakerofimplants,DowComing.

TheannouncementhascausedmorepanicamongAmericanwomenthananymedicaldecisionsinceacontraceptivedevice,theDaikonSheild,wasremovedfromthemarketin1974,some2millionwomenhavehadimplants,80%ofthemforcosmeticreasons:theresthad“re-constructive”medicalsurgeryfollowingcancertreatment.ThewaitinglistforimplantsbyoneCaliforniandoctorusedtobesixmonths;itisnowlessthanonemonth,Sharesinimplantmakershaveslumped.

Suchsecondthoughtsareoverdue.Forallitsglitteringadvocates,cosmeticsurgeryistheonlytypeofmedicine