考研考博-英語-上海視覺藝術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海視覺藝術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

ThreedaysagoIreceivedane-mailfromtheconferenceorganizersapologizingthelast-minutechangesintheschedule;theysoundedgenuinelyembarrassedatthedisorderin

theirplanning.

問題1選項

A.apologizingthe

B.last-minute

C.changesin

D.sounded

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】A

【解析】動詞誤用。Apologizing后加for。Apologize是不及物動詞,后面接賓語時要加介詞for。

2.單選題

TheUnitedNationswassupposedto（）theroleofglobalpeace-keeper.

問題1選項

A.contend

B.nurture

C.carve

D.undertake

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項contend“競爭”；B選項nurture“養(yǎng)育”；C選項carve“雕刻”；D選項undertake“承擔(dān)”。句意：聯(lián)合國應(yīng)該承擔(dān)全球維護和平的角色。本句表示承擔(dān)維護和平的角色。因此D選項正確。

3.不定項選擇題

Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“l(fā)argeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefensearetiedtoknowledgeandcapabilityforretaliation.The“nofirstuse”policyoftheUnitedStatesandothermajornationsimpliesthatthisretaliationbeinkind,andthisrequiresthatweaponsoftheCBclassbeavailable.

Aphilosophyofmutualdeterrence(制約)isdevelopinginCBwarfarecomparabletothatinnuclearwarfare.Infact,muchoftheliteratureonthesubjectrepeatsthatthestalemateinthelatteropensuptheneedforcapabilityintheformer.Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems,henceamovementtoCBweapons(especiallychemical)amongsomesmallernations.Sofarasthemajorpowersareconcerned,theelementsinCBWwhichareincommonwiththenucleararmsraceincludethenow-acceptedapproachtothatrace.ThusindiscussingcontrolofCBwarfare,aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:“Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocsmaynotbetoeverybody’staste,butitisprobablystillthebestwayofavoidingWar.”

1.Itcanbeinferredthatthecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenasacauseforthecontinueddevelopmentofCBweapons?

3.ThewriterintheBritishjournalmightfeelthattheresearchanddevelopmentofCBsystemsshouldbe（）.

4.ThejustificationfortheUnitedStates’participationinCBwarfareprogramsismainlyduetothe（）.

5.Themainpurposeofthisarticleisto（）.

問題1選項

A.islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare

B.maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable

C.isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia

D.shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance

問題2選項

A.Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved.

B.TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack.

C.OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem.

D.Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing.

問題3選項

A.encouragedandexpanded

B.conductedonlybythemajorpowers

C.immediatelyhalted

D.maintainedasitisnow

問題4選項

A.needforundetectableweaponry

B.costlinessofthenuclearprograms

C.Russia’shavingsuchaprogram

D.abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem

問題5選項

A.showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms

B.explainthecostofCBwarfare

C.discussalternativestoCBwarfare

D.makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:判斷推理題。由thecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalwarfare定位到文章第一段“Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches…”，即人們對控制化學(xué)和生物武器的可行辦法問題的第一反應(yīng)是覺得根本沒有這種辦法，并且研究生化武器的能力正擴散到一些較小和發(fā)展中的國家。這說明控制生化武器也許是不可能的，或者說不能令人滿意。A選項“islesscostlythancontrollingothersystemsofwarfare”意為“比控制其他戰(zhàn)爭系統(tǒng)成本更低”，原文雖將生化武器和洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本進行對比，但這不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小國開始使用生化武器的原因；B選項“maynotbepossibleornecessarilydesirable”意為“也許不可能或不一定是令人滿意的”，與原文相符；C選項“isinthehandsoftheUnitedStatesandRussia”意為“都掌握在美國和俄羅斯手中”，與原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐漸被一些小國掌握；D選項“shouldbecomeamatterofprimeimportance”意為“應(yīng)該成為頭等大事”原文沒有相關(guān)表達。因此B選項符合題意。

第2題:判斷推理題。結(jié)合選項和題干可知，本題需逐個分析四個選項。A選項“Thehostilitiesbetweenthenationsinvolved”，意為“國家之間的敵對狀態(tài)”，原文“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美俄兩國將開發(fā)生化武器歸結(jié)于對方也有這些生化武器，即出于敵對目的；B選項“TheneedtobeabletodetectaCBattack”意為“探測到生化武器攻擊的需要”，原文并未提及；C選項“OtherweaponsprogramsaremorecostlythanthedevelopmentofaCBsystem”意為“其他武器項目比生化武器系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)成本更高”，原文“Asanarmsrace,CBWdoesnotpresentthespiralingcostsoftheICBM-ABMsystems”生化武器的成本不如洲際導(dǎo)彈的成本高，所以國家會選擇研究生化武器；D選項“Thecountriesinvolvedareunawareofwhattheothersaredoing”意為“所涉及的國家不知道其他國家在做什么”，原文“Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation”沒有人真正知道別人在軍事形勢下準(zhǔn)備好了什么，所以自己也要研究生化武器來確保安全。由此可推測出，正是由于各國秘密研究生化武器，為別國研究生化武器提供了動力。因此B選項符合題意。

第3題:判斷推理題。由theBritishjournal定位到文章第二段最后一句“aneditorialintheBritishjournal,Nature,concluded:‘Thebalanceofterrorbetweenthegreatpowerblocs…’”，社論總結(jié)到“大國集團之間的恐怖平衡可能不符合每個人的口味，但它可能仍然是避免戰(zhàn)爭的最佳方式”。由此可知，生化武器系統(tǒng)基本被主要的大國勢力控制了。A選項“encouragedandexpanded”意為“鼓勵和擴大”，社論并沒有鼓舞生化武器的擴大；B選項“conductedonlybythemajorpowers”意為“僅由主要大國控制”，符合原文；C選項“immediatelyhalted”意為“立即停止”，原文沒有提及；D選項“maintainedasitisnow”意為“維持現(xiàn)狀”，原文“maynotbetoeverybody’staste”可能不符合每個人的口味，說明現(xiàn)狀不能令每個人滿意，所以不應(yīng)維持現(xiàn)狀。因此B選項符合題意。

第4題:判斷推理題。由theUnitedStates定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句“ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s‘largeandexpensiveprograms’”美國和俄羅斯的大型和昂貴的項目被歸因于彼此的大型和昂貴的項目。由此可推測，美國研究生化武器是因為俄羅斯也有研究。A選項“needforundetectableweaponry”意為“需要不可探測的武器”，原文未提及不可探測的武器；B選項“costlinessofthenuclearprograms”意為“核項目的昂貴”，原文未提及核武器的成本；C選項“Russia’shavingsuchaprogram”意為“俄羅斯有這樣一個計劃”，與原文相符；D選項“abilityofmodernresearchtodevelopthem”意為“現(xiàn)代研究發(fā)展它們的能力”，原文并未提及現(xiàn)代研究能力。因此C選項符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結(jié)合選項和題干可知，本題需逐個分析各個選項。A選項“showtheindifferenceinstoppingCBwarfareprograms”意為“對停止生化武器戰(zhàn)爭方面表現(xiàn)出漠不關(guān)心”，與原文不符，全文第一段就已提出控制生化武器的話題；B選項“explainthecostofCBwarfare”意為“解釋生化武器戰(zhàn)爭的成本”，這只是原文第二段的一部分內(nèi)容，并不是原文的主旨大意；C選項“discussalternativestoCBwarfare”意為“討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭的替代方案”，原文第一段提出控制生化武器的話題，然后最后一句話總結(jié)到避免生化武器戰(zhàn)爭的方法就是大國保持相對平衡，所以本文就是在討論生化武器戰(zhàn)爭的替代方案；D選項“makethereaderawareofthedangersofCBwarfare”意為“使讀者意識到生化武器戰(zhàn)爭的危險”，原文并未舉例說明或是提及生化武器戰(zhàn)爭的危險。因此C選項符合題意。

4.單選題

______，theshortisinsomewaysnotreallynew.

問題1選項

A.Likemanyanothernewthings

B.Likemuchothernewthings

C.Likemanyothernewthings

D.Likemanyanothernewthing

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。another“又一，另一個”，一般用來修飾或代指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，因此排除A和D選項；much不能用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，排除B選項。因此C選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthing”forhumanbeingisaquestionthat（）awidesolution.

問題1選項

A.admitsof

B.requiresof

C.needsof

D.seeksfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。admitof“容許，有……的可能”；requireof“需要，要求得到”；needof“需要”；seekfor“尋找；探索”。句意：意識的擴展對人類來說是否是一件“好事”，這一個問題……一個廣泛的答案?！靶枰?qū)で髲V泛的答案”都不符合語義；所以選擇admitof，表示“是一個可能有廣泛答案的問題”。因此A選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Heseems（）anypersuasionforheneverchangeshismindoncehemadeadecision.

問題1選項

A.responsiveto

B.immuneto

C.obedientto

D.consistentwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他似乎不為任何勸告所動，因為他一旦下定決心就從來不改變主意。

考查形容詞辨析。beresponsiveto對…敏感，對…有應(yīng)答；beimmuneto對…免疫，不受…感染/影響；beobedientto服從…；beconsistentwith與…致。根據(jù)后文中的forheneverchangeshismindoncehemadeadecision(因為他一旦下定決心就從來不改變主意)可知，前文應(yīng)該是對任何的勸告(anypersuasion)都無動于衷，故選B。

7.單選題

Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.Thebodyneedsthemforlifeandhealth.Sonaturally,manypeopleareconcernedwiththequestion:AmIgettingenoughvitamins,andamIgettingtherightkind?

Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,theworrypeoplehaveaboutvitaminshassomebasis.Andthishassomethingtodowiththeirdiet—thefoodtheytakein.Apersoneatingagoodvarietyoffoodsgetsallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded(withthepossibleexceptionofvitamind).

Theproblemisthattherearemanypeoplewhodon'tchoosefoodswisely,don'tgetenoughvariety,anddon'teatthebasicfoodstheyneedtogettheirvitamins.Sotheanswertothisquestionis..Noextravitaminsareneeded,providingyoueatproperfoods.Infact,manyofthevitaminscannotbestoredinthebody,sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.Itisevenharmfultoputtoomuchofcertainvitaminsintothebody.ThishasbeenfoundtobetrueofvitaminAandD,whenlargeamountsaretakenin.

Whatfoodssupplywhatvitamins?Hereisaquickgeneralidea.VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.VitaminB2isfoundinmilk,eggs,greenvegetablesandmeats.VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.Theseareonlyafewofthemostimportantvitaminsthebodyneeds.

1.VitaminAisneededby______andcanbefoundin______.

2.VitaminChelps______whilevitaminB1isveryimportantto______.

3.Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundin______.

4.Thebodyneeds______forlifeandhealth.

5.Ifyoutakeinmorevitaminsthanyouactuallyneed,______.

問題1選項

A.bones/pork

B.nervoussystem/milk

C.eyes/greenvegetables

D.teeth/meats

問題2選項

A.teeth/digestivesystem

B.skin/bones

C.bones/liver

D.eyes/meats

問題3選項

A.body

B.food

C.pork

D.digestivesystem

問題4選項

A.extravitamins

B.agoodvarietyofvitamins

C.largeamountsofcertainvitamins

D.smallamountsofeachvitamin

問題5選項

A.theyareharmfultoyourbody

B.yougetallthevitaminsnowknowntobeneeded

C.theyhelpourbodiesmoreproperly

D.yourbodysimplygetsridofthem

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminA,forthehealthoftheeyes,skin,teeth,andbones,isfoundingreenvegetables,fruits,eggs,liverandbutter.”，可知維他命A有利于眼睛、皮膚、牙齒和骨骼健康，存在于蔬菜水果、肝臟和黃油中。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminC,whichhelpsbonesandteeth,isfoundintomatoes,certainfruitsandvegetables.”，可知維C對骨骼和牙齒有好處，存在于西紅柿、蔬菜和水果中。排除B、D兩項。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“VitaminB1whichhelpsthenervousanddigestivesystemandpreventscertaindiseases,isfoundincereals,porkandliver.”維生素B1有利于神經(jīng)和消化系統(tǒng)，所以排除D選項。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Vitaminsareagroupofsubstancesfoundinfood.”?？芍S他命是一組存在于食物中的物質(zhì)。選項B符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Eventhoughverysmallamountsofeachvitaminareenoughfortheneedsofthebody,”，可知人體只需要少量的維生素。選項D符合題意。

5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“sowhenextravitaminstakenin,thebodysimplygetsridofthem.”，可知當(dāng)多余的維生素被攝入時，人體會排除它們。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Sheputanextrablanketoverthebabyforfearthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.hecatchescold

B.heshouldcatchcold

C.hecaughtcold

D.becatchingcold

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。Forfearthat后面要用虛擬語氣，表示“唯恐”，謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，選項B符合題意。

9.不定項選擇題

Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.Thedesertseemeddeterminedtoswalloweverything.SoMr.DanjimoandotherfarmersinGuidanBakoye，theSahel,asemiaridbeltthatspansAfricajustbelowtheSaharatookasmallbutradicalstep.Nolongerwouldtheyclearthesaplingsfromtheirfieldsbeforeplanting,astheyhadforgenerations.Insteadtheywouldprotectandnurturethem,carefullyplowingaroundthemwhensowingmillet,sorghum,peanutsandbeans.

Today,thesuccessingrowingnewtreessuggeststhattheharmtomuchoftheSahelmaynothavebeenpermanent,butatemporarylossoffertility.Theevidence,scientistssay,demonstrateshowrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity.

InNiger’scase,farmersbeganprotectingtreesjustasrainfalllevelsbegantoriseagainafterthedroughtsinthe1970sand80’s.

Anotherchangewasthewaytreeswereregardedbylaw.Fromcolonialtimes,alltreesinNigerhadbeenregardedasthepropertyofthestate,whichgavefarmerslittleincentivetoprotectthem.Treeswerechoppedforfirewoodorconstructionwithoutregardtotheenvironmentalcosts.Governmentforestersweresupposedtomakesurethetreeswereproperlymanaged,buttherewerenotenoughofthemtopoliceacountrynearlytwicethesizeofTexas.

Butovertime,farmersbegantoregardthetreesintheirfieldsastheirproperty,andinrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.Farmersmakemoneyfromthetreesbysellingbranches,pods,fruitandbark.Becausethosesalesaremorelucrativeovertimethansimplychoppingdownthetreeforfirewood,thefarmerspreservethem.

Thegreeningbeganinthemid-1980s,Dr.Reijsaid,“andeverytimewewentbacktoNiger,thescaleincreased.”

“Thedensityissospectacular.”hesaid.

MahamaneLarwanou,aforestryexpertattheUniversityofNiameyinNiger’scapital,saidtheregrowthoftreeshadtransformedrurallifeinNiger.

“Thebenefitsaresomanyitisreallyastonishing,”Dr.Larwanousaid.“Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.Treesaresovaluabletofarmers,sotheyprotectthem.”

Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.Therootsalsohelpholdwaterintheground,ratherthanlettingitrunoffacrossrocky,barrenfieldsintogullieswhereitfloodsvillagesanddestroyscrops.

Onetreeinparticular,theFaidherbiaalbida,knownlocallyasthegaotree,isparticularlyessential.Itisanitrogen-fixingtree,whichhelpsfertilizethesoil.

Itsleavesfalloffduringtherainyseason,whichmeansitdoesnotcompetewithcropsforwater,sunornutrientsduringthegrowingperiod.Theleavesthemselvesbecomeorganicfertilizerwhentheyfall.

47.Theword“arable”inthethirdparagraphfromthebottomcanbesubstitutedby（）.

48.Thedenudingofvastswathsoflandwasnotcausedby（）.

49.Asmallchangeinhumanbehaviorcan（）.

50.Todaythelawhaschangedto（）.

51.Thebenefitsoftreestofarmersdoesnotinclude（）.

52.（）isnotanecologicalbenefitofthetreesinruralNiger.

問題1選項

A.landincapableofgrowingcrops

B.landcapableofgrowingcrops

C.landwhichisbeneficialtovegetation

D.landwhichdoesharmtovegetation

問題2選項

A.severedroughtinthe1970’sand80’s

B.populationexplosion

C.destructivefarmslivestockpractices

D.civilwaramongthepeople

問題3選項

A.transformtheregionalecology

B.restorebiodiversity

C.restoreproductivity

D.alltheabove

問題4選項

A.regardtreesaspropertyoftheState

B.makesuretreesareproperlymanaged

C.imposestiffpenaltiesonpeoplewhocuttreesforfirewood

D.allowindividualstoowntrees

問題5選項

A.sellingbranchesformoney

B.feedingpodsasfoddertotheiranimals

C.sellingandeatingleavesandfruits

D.treesdepletingsoilofneededwater

問題6選項

A.ThatRootsfixthesoilinplaceandsomearenitrogenfixing

B.Preventingsoilfrombeingcarriedoffbyfiercewinds

C.Preservingarableland

D.Takingnutrientsfromcropsduringthegrowingperiod

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】47.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland.（樹的根可以防止水土流失，阻止土壤被.薩赫勒地區(qū)的狂風(fēng)刮走以及保護耕地。）“arable”在這句的意思是“可耕種的”，可以推斷出選項B“能種莊稼的土地”正確。A選項“不能種植莊稼的土地”，正好與文章內(nèi)容相反，可排除。C選項“有利于植被生長的土地”，文章沒有提到植被生長土地，可排除。D選項“對植物有害的土地”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項正確。

48.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到第一段第一句Severedroughtinthe1970sand80s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices,wasdenudingvastswathsofland.（20世紀(jì)70年代和80年代的嚴重干旱，加上人口爆炸和破壞性的農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)，正在侵蝕大片土地）這句話提到了大面積的土地被剝奪的原因是Severedroughtinthe1970sand80’s,coupledwithapopulationexplosionanddestructivefarmingandlivestockpractices。D“人民之間的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項正確。A選項“七十年代和八十年代的嚴重干旱”，符合文章內(nèi)容，A選項排除。B選項“人口爆炸”，文章提到，人口爆炸，B選項符合文章內(nèi)容。C選項“農(nóng)場和家畜的破壞性行為”，符合文章內(nèi)容，C選項排除。因此D選項正確。

49.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句howrelativelysmallchangesinhumanbehaviorcantransformtheregionalecology,restoringitsbiodiversityandproductivity（人類行為中相對較小的變化如何改變區(qū)域生態(tài)，恢復(fù)其生物多樣性和生產(chǎn)力）。A選項“改造區(qū)域生態(tài)”、B選項“恢復(fù)生物多樣性”、C選項“恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)力”，A、B、C選項都符合文章內(nèi)容，D選項“以上全對”正確。因此D選項正確。

50.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第五段第一句inrecentyearsthegovernmenthasrecognizedthebenefitsofthatoutlookbyallowingindividualstoowntrees.（近年來，政府已經(jīng)認識到這種前景的好處，允許個人擁有樹木），可知，政府允許個人擁有樹木，故選項D“允許個人擁有樹木”為答案選項。A選項“把樹木視為國家財產(chǎn)”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項“確保樹木得到妥善管理”，沒有提到政府確保樹木得到妥善管理。C選項“對砍伐樹木作為柴火的人處以嚴厲的懲罰”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項正確。

51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章倒數(shù)第四段第二句Thefarmerscansellthebranchesformoney.Theycanfeedthepodsasfoddertotheiranimals.Theycanselloreattheleaves.Theycansellandeatthefruits.（農(nóng)民們可以賣樹枝來賺錢。他們可以把豆莢當(dāng)作飼料喂動物。他們可以賣或吃樹葉。他們可以賣水果，吃水果）。D選項“樹木耗盡土壤所需的水分”，文章沒有提到這個內(nèi)容，可排除。A選項“賣樹枝賺錢”，文章提到農(nóng)民可以依靠賣樹枝來掙錢，A選項排除。B選項“用豆莢喂養(yǎng)動物”，文章提到把豆莢作為飼料喂養(yǎng)動物，可排除B選項。C選項“賣和吃樹葉和水果”，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此D選項正確。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句Theyalsohaveextraordinaryecologicalbenefits.Theirrootsfixthesoilinplace,preventingitfrombeingcarriedoffwiththefierceSahelianwindsandpreservingarableland（它們的根固定住土壤，防止它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，保護可耕種的土地），D選項“在作物生長期間從作物中獲取營養(yǎng)”，文章沒有提到會從作物中獲取營養(yǎng)，D選項符合題意。A選項“這些根可以固定土壤，有些還可以固定氮”，A選項可排除。B選項“防止土壤被狂風(fēng)吹走”，文章提到它被兇猛的薩赫勒風(fēng)帶走，B選項可排除。C選項“保護耕地”，文章提到保護可耕種的土地，C選項可排除。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist'stimekeepingmethods.Forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

Onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.Itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

AnatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.Whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.Scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

問題1選項

A.absolutelyaccurate

B.moreprecise.

C.heat-resistant

D.differentinvibration

問題2選項

A.Temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

B.Therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

C.Einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

D.Temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

問題3選項

A.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

B.scientistsexpecttodisproveEinstein'srelativitytheories

C.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

D.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

問題4選項

A.pulse

B.precision

C.movement

D.accuracy

問題5選項

A.Peacetimeuseoftheatoms

B.Atomsandmolecules

C.Thesatellitetimekeepers

D.Theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”，中文翻譯為：在追求精確性過程中，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向于原子鐘，它依賴于各種振動的原子或分子，以提供它們的“滴答聲”。綜合可知，B選項符合題意，科學(xué)家們希望原子鐘更加準(zhǔn)確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”，中文翻譯為：這個原子鐘的中心是一個銫原子，當(dāng)加熱到沸水的溫度時，它每秒振動92億次。因此，A項“溫度變化影響氨分子的振動速率”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”，中文翻譯為：在以每小時18000英里的速度運行的軌道衛(wèi)星中，時鐘可以將其時間讀數(shù)廣播到地面站，并在地面站與類似模型上的讀數(shù)進行比較。可以推測出C選項“原子鐘在太空飛行中將起重要作用”。

4.詞義猜測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“vibration”可以定位到文中“Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”，中文翻譯為：這是可能的，因為每種原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”，中文翻譯為：例如，氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240億次。可以得知A選項“振動”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文中主要介紹原子鐘的計時精確度、特性和相關(guān)原理，以及它在天文領(lǐng)域的一些應(yīng)用。推測出A選項“和平時期原子的使用”正確。

11.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard."Thereisadirectrelationship,"UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,"betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath."

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn'tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequival