考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（武漢）押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)（武漢）押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，avid應(yīng)該與lazy意思相反，所以選項(xiàng)C與之意思最為接近，正確。

2.單選題

SigmundFreudlivedmostofhislifeinVienna,Austria.HewastrainedinmedicineandestablishedtheInternationalPsychoanalyticAssociationin1910.Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.

Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.Onebeginsbyregardingthisasdefianceandasanattempttoprovetheirsuperioritytothephysician,butlateronecomestotakeadeeperandjusterview.Onebecomesconvinced,notonlythatsuchpeoplecannotendureanypraiseorappreciation,butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.Everypartialsolutionthatoughttoresult;andinotherpeopledoesresult,inanimprovementoratemporarysuspensionofsymptomsproducesinthemfortheexacerbationoftheirillness;theygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.Theexhibitwhatisknownasa“negativetherapeuticreaction.”

Thereisnodoubtthatthereissomethinginthesepeoplethatsetsitselfagainsttheirrecovery,anditsapproachisdreadedasthoughitwereadanger.Weareaccustomedtosaythattheneedforillnesshasgottheupperhandinthemoverthedesireforrecovery.Ifweanalyzethisresistanceintheusualway—then,evenafterallowancehasbeenmadeforanattitudeofdefiancetowardsthephysicianandforfixationtothevariousformsofgainfromillness,thegreaterpartofitisstillleftover;andthisrevealsitselfasthemostpowerfulofallobstaclestorecovery,morepowerfulthanthefamiliaronesofnarcissisticinaccessibility,anegativeattitudetowardsthephysicianandclingingtothegainfromillness.

Intheend,wecometoseethatwearedealingwithwhatmaybecalleda“moral”factor,asenseofguiltwhichisfindingsatisfactionintheillnessandrefusestogiveupthepunishmentofsuffering.Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.Butasfarasthepatientisconcernedthissenseofguiltisdumb;itdoesnottellhimheisguilty;hedoesnotfeelguilty,hefeelsill.Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.

1.Agoodtitleforthispassagemightbe（

）.

2.FromthepassagewecanlearnthatFreudmeansthatthesepatients

（

）.

3.Freud’sstudyofthissyndromeleadshimtothinkthat

（

）.

4.DoesFreudfeelthatanalysisisnotrightforthepatientshedescribes?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.AnInverseReactiontoProgress

B.TheNeedforAnalysis

C.GuiltandSuffering

D.IntroductiontoFreud’sIdeas

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.actcontrarytoaphysician’sexpectations

B.getworsewhentheyshouldgetbetter

C.getbetterwhentheyshouldgetworse

D.bothAandB

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mostpatientsrespondbadlytopraise

B.patientsneedtotrusttheirphysicians

C.patients’guiltmaykeepthemfromgettingwell

D.thepatients’personalemotionsneedtobeanalyzed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Yes,hefeelstheyareinlovewiththeirillness.

B.Yes,hefeelsthattheyaretooilltorecover.

C.Yes,hesensesthattheyneedanotherremedy.

D.No,butthepatientsoftenfeelthatway.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。由第一段中Thisexcerptisfromatranslationofa1923work,TheEgoandtheId.“本文節(jié)選自1923年的作品《自我與本我》。”與第二段Therearecertainpeoplewhobehaveinaquitepeculiarfashionduringtheworkofanalysis.Whenonespeakshopefullytothemorexpressessatisfactionwiththeprogressofthetreatment,theyshowsignsofdiscontentandtheirconditioninvariablybecomesworse.“在分析工作中，有些人的行為舉止相當(dāng)奇特。當(dāng)人們滿懷希望地與他們交談，或?qū)χ委煹倪M(jìn)展表示滿意時(shí)，他們就會(huì)表現(xiàn)出不滿的跡象，病情總是會(huì)惡化?！笨赏浦狣項(xiàng)“對(duì)弗洛伊德觀點(diǎn)的介紹”正確。其他三項(xiàng)都是文中未提及的內(nèi)容。

2.判斷推理題。定位到第二段中的butthattheyreactinverselytotheprogressofthetreatment.“但是它們對(duì)治療過(guò)程的反應(yīng)是相反的?！焙蛅heygetworseduringthetreatmentinsteadofgettingbetter.“他們?cè)谥委熯^(guò)程中病情惡化，而不是好轉(zhuǎn)”?？芍狝項(xiàng)與B項(xiàng)正確，故答案為D。

3.判斷推理題。由最后一段中Weshallberightinregardingthisdishearteningexplanationasfinal.我們將正確地把這個(gè)令人沮喪的解釋作為最后的解釋”。和“Thissenseofguiltexpressesitselfonlyasaresistancetorecoverywhichisextremelydifficulttoovercome.這種內(nèi)疚感只表現(xiàn)為對(duì)恢復(fù)的抗拒，而恢復(fù)是極其難以克服的”?？芍狢項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題由最后一段中Itisalsoparticulardifficulttoconvincethepatientthatthismotiveliesbehindhiscontinuingtobeill,heholdsfasttothemoreobviousexplanationthattreatmentbyanalysisisnottherightremedyforhiscase.要讓病人相信他繼續(xù)患病的動(dòng)機(jī)是非常困難的，他堅(jiān)持更明顯的解釋，即通過(guò)分析治療并不是對(duì)他的病例的正確治療”?？芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

3.翻譯題

1999年，中國(guó)開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。2004年年底,60歲以上的人口達(dá)到1.43億，占全國(guó)人口總數(shù)的10.97%。至此，中國(guó)成為世界上擁有最多老齡人口的國(guó)家。有專家說(shuō)1990年到2033年是中國(guó)的“人口紅利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老齡人口還不算太多，這一時(shí)期是有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。

2010年到2013年中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力人口將達(dá)到9億人，在這之后“紅利”會(huì)變成“赤字”，也就是說(shuō)，這以后需要照顧的老齡人口會(huì)迅速增加。據(jù)說(shuō)2030年后的二十年是中國(guó)老齡化最嚴(yán)峻的時(shí)期。因此，要做好充分準(zhǔn)備，好好利用人口紅利期來(lái)解決嚴(yán)重的老齡化問(wèn)題。

有報(bào)告稱，中國(guó)是典型的成為富裕國(guó)家前就面臨老齡化社會(huì)的國(guó)家。這是長(zhǎng)期的問(wèn)題，也需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能解決。中國(guó)一直堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育政策，人口增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)得到了有效的控制。據(jù)估計(jì)，中國(guó)到2030年的總?cè)丝趯⑦_(dá)到14.65億，屆時(shí)會(huì)面臨老齡化和人口出生率下降兩大壓力，這也一定會(huì)給國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)巨大的壓力。

這份報(bào)告還指出，中國(guó)在解決老齡化問(wèn)題的意識(shí)、條件及法規(guī)上都嚴(yán)重滯后，因此，必須把這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決納人到未來(lái)國(guó)家發(fā)展策略中。我們要及早關(guān)注老齡化人口的醫(yī)療資源，完善社會(huì)保障體系。在老齡人口達(dá)到頂峰前，建立一個(gè)健全的國(guó)家性社會(huì)保障機(jī)制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

4.單選題

WhenIapproachedtheBritishembassytoapplyavisatoworkonadesignprojectinAberdeen,Ihardlyexpectedthatitwouldtakesixmonthstoobtainone.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.toapplyavisatowork

B.onadesignproject

C.hardly

D.thatitwouldtakesixmonthsto

E.沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞誤用。動(dòng)詞apply為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)加介詞for。Applyfor申請(qǐng)。

5.單選題

I（）thejusticeandfoughtagainstcorruptionatmybest.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirmed

B.upheld

C.overwhelmed

D.established

【答案】B

【解析】confirmed確認(rèn),堅(jiān)定;uphold支持,維護(hù);overwhelmed壓倒,淹沒(méi);established制定,建立。句意：我維護(hù)正義,盡我最大的努力與腐敗作斗爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Endangeredspeciesareplantsandanimalsthatareinimmediatedangerofextinction.Extinctionisactuallyanormalprocessinthecourseofevolution.Sincetheformationoftheearth,manymorespecieshavebecomeextinctthanthoseexisttoday.Thesespeciesslowlydisappearedbecauseofchangesofclimateandtheirfailuretoadapttosuchconditionsascompetitionandpredation（捕食）.Sincethe1600s,however,theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachment（侵犯）onnaturalecologysystems.Todaythemajorityoftheworld’senvironmentsarechangingfasterthantheabilityofmostspeciestoadapttosuchchangesthroughnaturalselection.

Speciesbecomeextinctorendangeredforanumberofreasons,buttheprimarycauseisthedestructionofnaturalhabitats（棲息地）.Drainageofwetlands（沼澤地），cuttingandclearingofforests,growthofcities,andhighwayanddamconstructionhaveseriouslyreducedavailablenaturalhabitats.Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas,causingfurtherdestructionofnaturalsurroundings.Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind,thusreducingtheirgeneticvariationandmakingthemlessadaptabletoenvironmentchanges.

Sincethe1600s,commercialexploitationofanimalsforfoodandotherproductshascausedmanyspeciestobecomeextinctorendangered.Introduceddiseasesandparasiteshavealsogreatlyreducedsomespecies.Pollutionisanotherimportantcauseoftheirextinction.

Someprivateandgovernmentaleffortshavebeenorganizedtosavedecliningspecies.Lawsweremadeinsomecountriesintheearly1900stoprotectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.InternationalendeavorsareshownintheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpecies,approvedby51nations.Itspurposeistorestrictexploitationofwildanimalsandplantsbyregulatingandrestrictingtradeincertainspecies.Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcement（實(shí)施）andsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.Becauseofalackoflawenforcement,thewillingnessofsomesegmentsofsocietytotradeinendangeredspecies,theactivitiesofpeoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegallyanddealerswhosupplythetrade,thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactorcausingtherapidextinctionofmanspeciessincethe17thcentury?

2.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theword“islands”refersto_______.

3.Thispassagementionsallofthefollowingreasonsthatcausetheextinctionofmanspeciesexcept______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostimportantinsavingdecliningspecies?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheprospectofprotectingendangeredspeciesfrombeingextinct?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Humanbeingsarenotawareoftheimportanceofpreservingendangeredspecies.

B.Someendangeredspecieshavealreadyreachedtheendoftheirlifespaninevolution.

C.Thedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasgreatlyaffectednaturalecologysystems.

D.Theworld’sclimatehaschangedsogreatlythatmostspeciescannotsurvive.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thelandsthatarecompletelysurroundedbywater

B.thewildanimals’breedinggroundsprotectedbylaw

C.thepiecesoflandseparatedbymodembuildingsandroads

D.thesmallandisolatedareasinhabitedbycertainspecies

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.naturalselectionofspecies

B.variousnaturaldisasters

C.commercialtradeandkilling

D.destructionofnaturalsurroundings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Governmentsshouldmakesomelawstoprotectendangeredspecies.

B.Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontotheprotectionofnaturalsurroundings.

C.Relevantlawsmustbemadeandenforcedwiththesupportofthepeople.

D.Someorganizationsshouldwarnpeoplenottotradeinendangeredanimals.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Worried.

B.Optimistic.

C.Indifferent.

D.Confident.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第五句，“theprocessofextinctionhasgreatlyacceleratedasaresultofbothhumanpopulationgrowthandtechnologicalencroachmentonnaturalecologysystems.”，可知滅絕速度加快的原因是人類人口的增長(zhǎng)和科學(xué)技術(shù)對(duì)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的侵犯。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)第二段第三句，“Asthevarioussurroundingsbecomefragments,theremaininganimalpopulationscrowdintosmallerareas…”，可知環(huán)境變成了碎片，剩下的動(dòng)物聚集在更小的區(qū)域里，下文的smallislands就是指這些區(qū)域。根據(jù)“Speciesinthesesmallislandslosecontactwithotherpopulationsoftheirownkind”，可知生活在這個(gè)小區(qū)域里的物種與其他同類中種群失去了聯(lián)系。所以是孤立的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。考查對(duì)物種滅絕的原因的理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句，“anormalprocessinthecourseofevolution”，可知物種滅絕是進(jìn)化中的一個(gè)正常過(guò)程，選項(xiàng)A可排除。根據(jù)第二段第一句，“…thedestructionofnaturalhabitats…”，棲息地的破壞也是物種滅絕的原因，選項(xiàng)D可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句，“…protectwildanimalsfromcommercialtradeandkilling.”，商業(yè)買賣和殺害也是原因，選項(xiàng)C可排除。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Howeffectivesuchlawswillbeinvariouscountries,however,dependsonenforcementandsupportbythepeopleandthecourts.”，使法律有效發(fā)揮作用的關(guān)鍵在于人們和法院的實(shí)施和支持，所以相關(guān)法律需要在人們的支持下制定和實(shí)施是最重要的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句，“thefutureofmanyspeciesisindoubtinspiteoflegalprotection.”，可知作者認(rèn)為盡管有法律保護(hù)，許多物種的未來(lái)仍然尚存疑問(wèn)。所以作者是擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Thenewcurriculumintendstostrengthenchildren’spracticeofbasicsocial___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.manners

B.politeness

C.rules

D.regulations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)manners“方式；習(xí)慣；種類；規(guī)矩；風(fēng)俗”；B選項(xiàng)politeness“有禮貌；優(yōu)雅”；C選項(xiàng)rules“規(guī)則（在特定情況下或玩游戲時(shí)可以做什么、必須做什么或不能做什么的陳述）；建議；統(tǒng)治；習(xí)慣；定律；法治；尺子；破折號(hào)”；D選項(xiàng)regulations“管理；規(guī)則（政府或其它權(quán)威制定的官方規(guī)定）；校準(zhǔn)”。句意：新課程旨在加強(qiáng)兒童的基本社交___實(shí)踐。本句表達(dá)“基本社交禮儀”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

顧客對(duì)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有不同的價(jià)值觀。有的顧客要求價(jià)格低，購(gòu)物方便；有的顧客對(duì)價(jià)格并不太在意，他們要求產(chǎn)品必須是最新款式，在市場(chǎng)上代表最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)；還有的顧客要求產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)能滿足他們特殊的需求。所以，一家公司若要成為領(lǐng)先市場(chǎng)的首腦公司并保持其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，就必須根據(jù)自身的條件集中在某個(gè)方面做出突出的表現(xiàn)，或者以低成本取勝，或者以最新名優(yōu)產(chǎn)品取勝，或者以與特殊的顧客群建立緊密的關(guān)系取勝。

【答案】Customershavedifferentvaluesaboutproductsandservices.Somecustomersaskforlowpricesandconvenientshopping.Somecustomersdonotcaremuchabouttheprice.Theyrequiretheproductstobeofthelateststyleandtorepresentthemostadvancedtechnologyinthemarket.Othersdemandproductsorservicesthatmeettheirspecificneeds.Therefore,ifacompanywantstobecomealeadingcompanyinthemarketandmaintainitscompetitiveadvantage,itmustfocusonaparticularareaofoutstandingperformanceaccordingtoitsownconditions,eitherbywinningwithlowcost,orbywinningwiththelatestandbestproducts,orbybuildingacloserelationshipwithaparticularcustomergroup.

9.單選題

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Tofightchildhoodobesity.

B.Tohelpdisadvantagedkids.

C.Tourgekidstofollowtheirrolemodels.

D.Toencouragekidstoplaymoresports.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheyaremosteffectivewhenappearingonTV.

B.Theybestboostproductsaleswhenputonline.

C.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent.

D.Theyimpresskidsmorethantheydoadults.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dowhattheyadvocateinpublic.

B.Alwaysplacekid’sinterestfirst.

C.Payattentiontotheirimagebeforechildren.

D.Messagepositivebehaviorsatalltimes.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Today,I’dliketotalkaboutwhathappenswhencelebrityrolemodelsgetbehindhealthyhabitsbutatthesametimepromotejunkfood?[23]Currently,thereismountingcriticismofMichelleObama’sLet’sMove!Campaign,whichfightschildhoodobesitybyencouragingyoungsterstobecomemorephysicallyactive,andhassignedonsingerBeyonce,andbasketballplayerShaquilleO’Neal,bothofwhomalsoendorsesodas,whichareamajorcontributortotheobesityepidemic.Nowthere’salotmoreevidenceofhowpowerfulacelebrity—especiallyaprofessionalathlete—canbeininfluencingchildren’sbehavior.

InareportpublishedbytheRuddCenterforFoodPolicyandObesityatYaleUniversity,researchersstudied100professionalathletesandtheirendorsementcontracts.Theteamfocusedonathletessincetheyaretheoreticallythebestrolemodelsforactive,healthylifestylesforchildren.Aftersortingthedealsbycategory,theydeterminedthatamongthe512brandsassociatedwiththeathletes,mostinvolvedsportinggoods,followedcloselybyfoodandbeveragebrands.

Sportsdrinks,whichareoftenhighinsugarandcaloriesmadeupmostofthefoodanddrinkdeals,withsoftdrinksandfastfoodfillingouttheremainder.Ofthe46beveragesendorsedbyprofessionalathletes,93%reliedexclusivelyonsugarforalloftheircalories.

It’snosurprisethathighprofileathletescaninfluencechildren’seatingbehaviors,butthescientistswereabletoquantifyhowprevalenttheseendorsementsareinthechildren’senvironment.Advertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletesandtheirendorsedproductstendtogetimpressiveexposure,onTV,radio,inprintandonline.Andin2010,[24]theresearchersreportedthatchildrenages12to17sawmoreathlete-endorsedfoodandbeveragebrandcommercialsthanadults.

Onereasonanycampaignwantsapopularcelebrityspokespersonisbecausekidsareattractedtothemnomatterwhattheyaredoing.Wecan’texpectkidstoturnoffthatadmirationwhenthesamepersonissellingsugar.Atbest,kidsmightbeconfused.Atworst,they’llthinkthemessagesaboutsodaarethesameasthemessagesaboutwater.Butthosetwobeveragesaren’tthesame.

Ifchildrenareturningtoathletesasrolemodels,it’sintheirbestinterestiftheiridolsareconsistent.[25]Consistentmessagingofpositivebehaviorswillshowhealthierlifestylesforkidstofollow.

23.WhatistheaimofMichelleObama’scampaign?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)米歇爾?奧巴馬競(jìng)選的目的是什么？錄音開頭提到目前針對(duì)米歇爾?奧巴馬的“讓我們動(dòng)起來(lái)”的運(yùn)動(dòng)有越來(lái)越多的評(píng)論，該運(yùn)動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)孩子多參加運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)對(duì)抗兒童肥胖。因此米歇爾?奧巴馬發(fā)起該運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的就是對(duì)抗兒童肥胖，A選項(xiàng)與原文表述一致，因此正確。B選項(xiàng)“幫助弱勢(shì)兒童”；C選項(xiàng)“敦促孩子們跟隨他們的榜樣”在錄音中均未提及；D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)孩子多運(yùn)動(dòng)”最具干擾性，這是對(duì)抗兒童肥胖的方式，并不是最終的目的，因此不正確。

24.Whatdoesresearchfindaboutadvertisementsfeaturingprofessionalathletes?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)關(guān)于職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員廣告的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么？根據(jù)錄音，2010年，研究人員報(bào)道指出，12到17歲的孩子比成年人看更多由運(yùn)動(dòng)員代言的食品和飲料品牌的廣告。也就是說(shuō)，由專業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員代言的廣告給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的更深刻。D選項(xiàng)“他們給孩子留下的印象比給成年人留下的印象更深刻”與原文表述相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“出現(xiàn)在電視上最有效”；B選項(xiàng)“放在網(wǎng)上時(shí)最能促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品銷量”，利用TV和online設(shè)置干擾項(xiàng)，錄音原文并沒(méi)有對(duì)這些廣告出現(xiàn)在什么地方最有效進(jìn)行對(duì)此，因此可排除；C選項(xiàng)“它們變得越來(lái)越普遍”在錄音中并未提及，因此也可排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkkids’idolsshoulddo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該做什么？錄音最后提到，如果孩子們以運(yùn)動(dòng)員為榜樣，如果他們的這些偶像能夠始終如一，那么孩子們將得到最大的益處。持續(xù)傳達(dá)積極行為的信息能向孩子們展現(xiàn)他們應(yīng)該要追隨的更健康的生活方式，所以講話人認(rèn)為孩子們的偶像應(yīng)該一直傳達(dá)積極行為的信息。D選項(xiàng)中的atalltimes是錄音中consistent的同義表達(dá)，因此D選項(xiàng)“時(shí)刻傳達(dá)積極的行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“做他們向公眾提倡的事情”；B選項(xiàng)“總是把孩子的利益放在首位”以及C選項(xiàng)“在孩子面前注意他們的形象”在錄音中均沒(méi)有提及，因此排除。

10.單選題

Heseeshisstudentsstrugglingbecausethelanguagetheythoughttheyknewnowappearstoconsistofabewilderingvarietyofidioms,clichesandacceptedphraseswithdifferentmeaningsindifferentcontexts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtless

B.ridiculous

C.puzzling

D.undesirable

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.thoughtless粗心大意的；欠考慮的B.ridiculous愚蠢的；荒謬的

C.puzzling令人迷惑的D.undesirable不受歡迎的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】bewilder作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示“使糊涂，使迷惑”，加上-ing則作形容詞，表示“令人糊涂的，令人迷惑的”，C項(xiàng)詞義與之相近，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D項(xiàng)不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】他看到他的學(xué)生在努力學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為他們已經(jīng)掌握的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)在似乎包含了令人困惑的各種成語(yǔ)、陳詞濫調(diào)和在不同語(yǔ)境中具有不同含義的公認(rèn)短語(yǔ)。

11.單選題

Ifaspeciesofparasiteistosurvive,thehostorganismsmustlivelongenoughfortheparasitetoreproduce;ifthehostspeciesbecomes______,sodoitsparasites.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.succumbed

B.extinct

C.infertile

D.widespread

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞義辨析。A項(xiàng)succumbed為succumb的過(guò)去分詞，表示“屈服”，B項(xiàng)extinct“滅絕的，絕種的”，C項(xiàng)infertile“不肥沃的，不毛的”，D項(xiàng)widespread“普遍的，廣泛的”。由hostorganisms（宿主）可知，hostspecies指的一種寄生蟲寄生的生物，而前面是說(shuō)“如果一種寄生蟲要存活，宿主必須活得足夠長(zhǎng)，以便寄生蟲繁殖”，那么后面講的是另外一種情況，所以只有B項(xiàng)符合。句意：如果一種寄生蟲要存活下來(lái)，宿主有機(jī)體必須活得足夠長(zhǎng)，以便寄生蟲繁殖；如果宿主物種滅絕，它的寄生蟲也會(huì)滅絕。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Allofthosepresentatthemeetingconsideredthecombinationoftheorywithpracticeas（

）greatimportance.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.very

C.to

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】句意:出席會(huì)議的那些人都認(rèn)為理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合非常重要。

考查固定搭配。beof+名詞=be+名詞同源的形容詞形式。因此Beofimportance=beimportant。

13.單選題

Shoesofthiskindare（

）tosliponwetground.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.feasible

B.appropriate

C.apt

D.fitting

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。feasible“可行的”；appropriate“適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)摹?；apt“恰當(dāng)?shù)?，有……傾向的”；fitting“適合的，適宜的”。句意：這樣的鞋子在濕地上容易打滑。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Insomecasesthemothermayalsobelimitedintermsof______abilityandemotionalcapacity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intelligent

B.intellectual

C.intelligible

D.intangible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)intelligent“智能的，聰明的”，B項(xiàng)intellectual“智力的”，C項(xiàng)intelligible“可理解的，明了的”，D項(xiàng)intangible“無(wú)形的，觸摸不到的”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞emotionalcapacity（情感能力）推測(cè)，空格部分是與之對(duì)應(yīng)的“智力”，B項(xiàng)符合。句意：在某些情況下，母親的智力和情感能力也可能受到限制。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlest（）bythelocalbandits.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattacked

B.wereattacked

C.aretobeattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Lest是連詞，意為“唯恐，以免”。其后接的狀語(yǔ)從句常用should+動(dòng)詞原形。should

可以省略。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。句意：在翻越山區(qū)時(shí)，所有人都帶著槍，以防遭到當(dāng)?shù)赝练说囊u擊。

16.單選題

MostAmericansthinkofvegetariansasaminority,asfoodfaddists.Infact,inthiscountrypeoplewhoincludemeatintheirdietsarethemajority;butthroughouttheworld,meateatersare,andhavebeen,theminoritythemselves.Thougharchaeologistscandemonstratethathumanshavekeptanimalsforfoodforthousandsofyears,meatwasgenerallyfortherich:thepoorinmostcountriesarevegetarians.Andthefollowersofmanyreligionsarealsovegetarians.TheHindus,theBuddhists,theSufis,andothergroupsdonoteatmeat.

Infact,religionisamajorreasonstillforchoosingavegetariandiet;manyreligionsteachthateatingmeatweakensone’sspirit.AdamandEveweretoldtoeatfruitsandvegetables,accordingtoGenesis.WhenDanielwasfacingthelions,hefollowedavegetariandiet,sohecouldremainpure.

Othervegetariansbelievetheyarehealthierthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Thoughthishasneverbeenscientificallyproved,popularworksonvegetariandietsoftenpromisebetterhealth.Thereisevidencetoshowthatvegetarianshavegreaterstamina,andmanypeopleonvegetariandietslivelonglives.

Somepeopledonoteatmeatforeconomicreasons;meatisexpensiveand,inmanypartsoftheworld,veryscarce.Themostcommonreasonforchoosingavegetariandiet,though,istheethicalone.Whydohumansfeelthattheymustkillotherbeingsinordertoeatwell?Mostvegetariansadmitthattheyfindeatingthefleshofdeadanimalsrevolting.Infact,theyreferto“flesh-eaters”aswemightrefertocannibalsandalsousethezoolabel“carnivore”interchangeably.

Becausechoiceofdietisaculturalandethicalmatter,notallvegetariandietsarealike.Ovo-vegetarianseatvegetables,butwillallowthemselveseggs.Thelactovegetarianeatsvegetablesmainly,butaddsdairyfoodssuchasmilkandcheese.Thesetwocategoriesofvegetariansfeelthateggsanddairyproductsarepermissible;takingtheseproductsdoesnoharmtothecoworchicken.StrictvegetarianwaysarerepresentedbytheVeganSociety,whosememberspreferthelabel“vegan.”Veganslive“ontheproductsoftheplantkingdom.”Notonlydovegansavoidmeat;theyalsoavoideggs,honey,andmilkinanyform.Theyreasonthatitisascrueltorobanimalsasitistokillanimals.

Avegetarianmustbecarefultomaintainabalanceddiet;andofcourseacarnivore—oromnivore,really,becausemostpeopleinAmericaeatbothmeatandvegetables—mustbeequallycareful.Excellentnutritionisimportant,whetherforvegetariansortherestofus(manypeoplewhoeatmeatassumetheirdietisnutritionalforthatreasonalone).Noonehaseverbeenabletoprovedefinitelythatonedietismorebeneficialthantheother.

Themostcompellingargumentinfavorofvegetarianism,however,isvegetarianism’sefficiency.TheperiodicalScientificAmericanestimatedin1976thatthereareenoughplantstosupportseveraltimesthecurrentworldpopulation;butiftho