考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)博達學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學(xué)博達學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Film-makersworkverycloselywithscientistswhoseworkstudyingthecomplexityofanimallivesisvitalforwildlifeconservation.

問題1選項

A.reservation

B.utilization

C.dedication

D.protection

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.reservation預(yù)訂；保留地B.utilization利用，使用

C.dedication奉獻D.protection保護

【考查點】名詞辨析

【解題思路】與原詞搭配的是“野生動物”，原詞conservation“保護”，指野生動物保護，D選項protection“保護”，與原詞最接近。

【干擾項排除】

A選項reservation“預(yù)訂；保留地”，與原詞是形近詞，但兩者意義不同；

B選項utilization“利用，使用”，沒有依據(jù)，且利用野生動物，不符合語境；

C選項dedication“奉獻”，沒有依據(jù)，且奉獻野生動物，不搭配。

【句意】電影制作人與科學(xué)家密切合作，這些科學(xué)家研究動物生活的復(fù)雜性，對野生動物保護至關(guān)重要。

2.翻譯題

20世紀(jì)，人類創(chuàng)造的物質(zhì)文明和精神財富，超過了以往任何一個時代。令人遺憾的是，人類在這100年中也經(jīng)歷了前所未有的苦難，特別是遭受了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的浩劫。但是世界的歷史從來是由世界人民創(chuàng)造和書寫的，因而正義總會戰(zhàn)勝邪惡，光明總會戰(zhàn)勝黑暗，進步總會戰(zhàn)勝落后，人類必然會不斷地克服艱難險阻，向著美好的未來開拓前進。在21世紀(jì)，世界人民雖然仍面臨著許多嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)，可人類也面臨著巨大的發(fā)展機遇。只要世界人民同心協(xié)力，形成戰(zhàn)勝一切挑戰(zhàn)的巨大力量，人類文明進步的航船就必將乘風(fēng)破浪地前進。

世界是豐富多彩的。各國人民走過了不同的歷史發(fā)展道路，有著不同的文化背景、社會制度和價值觀念，延續(xù)著不同的生活方式。這種多樣性正是世界充滿競賽、活力和創(chuàng)新的根本原因。各國之間應(yīng)該加強交流和了解，在相互尊重和平等相待的基礎(chǔ)上共同前進，而不應(yīng)讓這種多樣性成為阻礙各國人民攜手共進的隔閡，更不應(yīng)人為地從中挑起對立和沖突。尊重和發(fā)展世界文明的多樣性，并在這種多樣性中找到共同利益之所在，是人類社會向前發(fā)展的偉大動力。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Inthe20thcentury,mankindcreatedmaterialandspiritualwealthunmatchedbyanyothertimeinhistory.Regrettably,itwasalsointhese100yearsthathumanityexperiencedunprecedentedhardships,particularlythehavocofthetwoworldwars.Butitisalwaysbythepeopleoftheworldthatworldhistoryismadeandwritten.Therefore,justicewillinevitablyprevailoverevil,lightoverdarknessandprogressoverbackwardness.Mankindwillundoutedlykeepovercomingdifficultiesandobstacles,blazenewtrailsandsteadilymoveforwardtoabetterfuture.Inthe21stcentury,thoughthepeopleallovertheworldarestillconfrontedwithamultitudeofformidablechallenges,theyarealsofacedwithtremendousopportunitiesfordevelopment.Aslongastheyworkasoneandconstitutepowerfulstrengththatcanprevailovereverychallenge,theshipofmankind’scivilizationandprogresswillsurelysailforwardbybravingthewindandwaves.

Theworldiscolorful.Peopleofdifferentcountrieshavetraverseddifferentroads,enjoyeddifferentculturalbackgrounds,socialsystemsandvaluesandcontinueddifferentwaysoflife.Thisdiversityisjustthefundamentalreasonforcontest,vigorandinnovationinthisworld.Allcountriesshouldstrengthentheexchangeandunderstandingamongthemandadvancetowardacommongoalonthebasisofmutualrespectandequality.Theyshouldnotallowthediversitytobeabarriertotheirmarchforward,stilllessshouldtheydeliberatelyprovokeconfrontationandconflict.Respectinganddevelopingthediversityofworldcultureinwhichacommoninterestcanbefoundisagreatmotiveforthesocialprogressofmankind.

3.單選題

Firstbornchildreninafamilyseemtohaveastrongerdesiretosucceed（）.

問題1選項

A.thandolater-bornchildren

B.butlater-born-childrendo

C.aschildrenbornlater

D.iflater-bornchildrendo

【答案】A

【解析】考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)辨析。dolater-born從句等于later-bornchildrenseemtohaveastrongdesiretosucceed。簡化使句子簡潔流暢，因為從句主語長，故do在前。句意：一個家庭中第一個孩子似乎有更強烈的成功愿望……。結(jié)合句意可知，A選項符合題意。因此答案為A選項。

4.單選題

HeavyrainfallinthesouthofEnglandmeansthatfloodingis（

）.

問題1選項

A.imminent

B.momentous

C.transient

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。imminent“即將發(fā)生的；迫近的”；momentous“重要的；重大的”；transient“短暫的；路過的”；prospective“未來的；預(yù)期的”。句意：英格蘭南部的暴雨意味著即將有洪水發(fā)生。選項A符合題意。

5.翻譯題

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地資源支撐著全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展，它們還是我們與窮困、食品不安全和氣候變化作斗爭的關(guān)鍵元素。與其他自然資源復(fù)雜地交織在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全鏈條中（nexus）不可分割的組成部分。由于風(fēng)沙和水的侵蝕，世界每年失去約240億噸肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的惡化（degradation）不僅是一個物理或生物化學(xué)問題，而且常常與社會經(jīng)濟各方面相聯(lián)系。貧窮和被邊緣化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地惡化的影響，因為通常是他們擁有這些惡化的土地。

（42）為了使貧困的小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)耕種社區(qū)達到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）極端貧困，我們需要處理與土地惡化相關(guān)的一系列復(fù)雜問題。土壤和土地惡化既是技術(shù)問題，也是管理（governance）問題。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

6.翻譯題

PutthefollowingintoChinese.

Wheretheparadigmofwarapplies,theexecutivedominatesindecidingwholivesordies.JusticeO'ConnornonethelessclaimedinHamdi(案件名稱)thatthewaronterrordoesnotgivetheexecutiveablankcheck(自由處理權(quán))todoasitpleasesinthenameofsecurity.Ifoneacceptsthispremise,thenthequestionbecomeshowtocontroltheexecutive’swarpowerwithoutundulyhamperingit.UnderaMathews-styleapproach,todeterminewhetherdueprocessdemandsaparticularproceduralcontrolovertargetedkilling(ARA),oneshould:(a)identifytherangeoflegitimateintereststhattheproceduremightprotect;(b)assessthedegreetowhichadoptionoftheprocedureactuallywouldprotecttheseinterests;and(c)weighthesemarginalbenefitsagainstthedamagetheproceduremaycausetootherlegitimateinterests.

Judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldincreasetheaccuracyoftargetselection,reducingthedangerofmistakenorillegaldestructionoflives,limbs,andproperty.Independentjudgeswhodouble-checktargetingdecisionscouldcatcherrorsandcauseexecutiveofficialstoavoidmakingtheminthefirstplace.

Morebroadly,judicialcontroloftargetedkillingcouldservetheinterestsofallpeople—

targetsandnon-targets—inblockingtheexecutivefromexercisinganunaccountable,secretpowertokill.Ifpossible,weshouldavoidaworldinwhichtheCIAorotherexecutiveofficialshaveunbelievablepowertodecidewhogetstoliveandwhodiesinthenameofashadowwarthatmightneverend.Everyonehasacognizableinterestinstoppingaslideintotyranny.

【答案】在戰(zhàn)爭模式適用的情況下，行政機構(gòu)主導(dǎo)決定誰生誰死。盡管如此，奧康納法官在哈姆迪案件中聲稱，反恐戰(zhàn)爭并沒有給行政機構(gòu)自由處理權(quán)，讓他們以安全的名義隨心所欲地行事。如果人們接受這一前提，那么問題就變成了如何在不過度阻礙行政權(quán)力的前提下控制其戰(zhàn)爭權(quán)力。根據(jù)馬修斯風(fēng)格的方法，要確定正當(dāng)程序是否需要對有目標(biāo)的殺戮(ARA)進行特定的程序控制，應(yīng)該:(a)確定程序可能保護的合法利益范圍;(b)評估采用這一程序?qū)嶋H能在多大程度上保護這些利益;(c)權(quán)衡這些邊際利益與程序可能造成的其他合法利益的損害。

對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以提高目標(biāo)選擇的準(zhǔn)確性，減少錯誤或非法毀壞生命、肢體和財產(chǎn)的危險。反復(fù)檢查目標(biāo)決策的獨立法官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤，并導(dǎo)致行政官員一開始就避免制造這些錯誤。

從更廣泛的意義上講，對有針對性殺戮的司法控制可以服務(wù)于所有人的利益，不管是目標(biāo)人群和還是非目標(biāo)人群，它可以阻止行政部門行使不負責(zé)任的秘密權(quán)力來進行殺戮。如果可能的話，我們應(yīng)該避免這樣一個世界：中央情報局或其他行政官員擁有令人難以置信的權(quán)力，以可能永遠不會結(jié)束的影子戰(zhàn)爭的名義來決定誰生誰死。每個人對于反對暴政都有明顯的興趣。

7.單選題

In1906muchofSanFranciscowasdestroyedbyanearthquakeandthefiresthat（）

問題1選項

A.evaded

B.ensued

C.encountered

D.emitted

【答案】B

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：1906，舊金山大部分地區(qū)被地震和隨后發(fā)生的火災(zāi)摧毀。因此選B。

8.單選題

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）（）,itcanviolateFERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

問題1選項

A.condemnation

B.confirmation

C.consent

D.confine

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項condemnation表示“譴責(zé)，定罪，征用”，B選項confirmation表示“確認(rèn)，事實，證明，批準(zhǔn)”，C選項consent表示“準(zhǔn)許，贊同，正式批準(zhǔn)文件”，D選項confine表示“邊界，范圍，限制”。由句意可知，如果學(xué)校在未取得學(xué)生（或家長）（）情況下公布學(xué)生的姓名和考試成績，它就違反了聯(lián)邦法律。由此可知，C選項詞義最符合原句句意，故本題正確答案為C選項。

9.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolphMensalfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient.“Atanyparticularstageinitslife,abeehasaspecificjobtodo.Iftheyare

unabletodothatjob,theyconservetheirenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.“Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.Theroux,whokeeps85hiveseachcontaining300,000beesinHawaii,addedthatProf.Mendel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.MensahItperformstoomanyusefulfunctionsinourculture.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolphMendel’slatestresearch（

）.

2.AccordingtoProf.RandolphMensal,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto（

）.

問題1選項

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthematureofbees

問題2選項

A.Beesarehardworking.

B.Beesarequicklearners.

C.Beeshaveintelligence.

D.Beeshavegoodmemory.

問題3選項

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate....thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception（人們普遍認(rèn)為蜜蜂是終極的辛勤工作者，這種形象是不準(zhǔn)確的……人們對蜜蜂勤勞的天性的普遍看法是基于一種誤解）可知Prof.RandolphMendel的最新研究挑戰(zhàn)了我們對蜜蜂本質(zhì)的認(rèn)識，因此選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence:advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly（他補充說，蜜蜂用高智力來彌補他們明顯的懶惰：先進的記憶技能和快速學(xué)習(xí)的能力）可知Prof.RandolphMensal認(rèn)為蜜蜂并不是勤勞的，因此選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的beeswerenotlazybutefficient...Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（蜜蜂不是懶惰，而是有效率的……他們非常聰明，也許人類應(yīng)該效仿他們，而不是像無頭蒼蠅一樣到處亂跑）可知D選項“如何提高工作效率”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.（事實上，對蜜蜂的崇拜似乎正在經(jīng)歷復(fù)興）以及此句話后便列舉了蜜蜂做廣告的例子，可推測勤勞的蜜蜂這種思想是受歡迎的，因此選A。

10.單選題

TheHomeSecretaryhasbeenaskedto（）becausetheUnionleadersandtheiremployerscannotagreeonacourseofaction.

問題1選項

A.meditate

B.negotiate

C.intervene

D.reconcile

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。A選項meditate“考慮，計劃”；B選項negotiate“談判，商談”；C選項intervene“干涉，調(diào)?！?；D選項reconcile“調(diào)停，調(diào)解”。句意：內(nèi)務(wù)大臣已被要求進行（），因為工會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和他們的雇主無法就行動方案達成一致。本句表達的含義是“內(nèi)務(wù)大臣被要求進行干預(yù)”，因此C選項符合題意。

11.單選題

Theshipwas（）inastormoffJamaica.

問題1選項

A.owned

B.sunk

C.wrecked

D.submitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。此處考查的是動詞過去分詞形式作為形容詞使用的詞義，A選項owned“自身擁有的”；B選項sunk“凹陷的；低沉的；失去希望的”；C選項wrecked“失事的”；D選項submitted“屈服的”。句意：這艘船在牙買加附近的風(fēng)暴中……。“風(fēng)暴”與“船”聯(lián)系在一起，符合常理的就是“失事”了，C選項正確。

12.單選題

Wethink（

）possibleforhimtoachievehistargetinsomanyyears.

問題1選項

A.it

B.that

C.what

D.this

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我們認(rèn)為在這么多年里達成目標(biāo)，于他而言是可能的。

語法題。考查形式賓語。不定式toachievehistargetinsomanyyears為真正的賓語，possible為賓語補足語。當(dāng)不定式作賓語且其后跟有賓語補足語時，通常會在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語it，而將真正的賓語移至句末。故A正確。

13.單選題

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe“allthingstoallpeople”.Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,“thenation’scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentials（文憑）thaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents.“Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapinganintegratedcoreofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.’’

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved:“Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates.Facultymemberswhodedicatedthemselvestoteachingsoondiscoverthattheywillnotbegrantedtenure（終身任期），promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultiessaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“Thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobe“allthingstoallpeople”（Line1，Para.1）itaimsto_______.

2.Bysayingthat“intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”（Lines4-5,Pare.1）theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas_______.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat______.

4.Americancollegesanduniversitiesfailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidatesbecause____.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor______.

問題1選項

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentssimultaneously

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

問題2選項

A.ignorestheactualsituation

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonanintegratedcoreofcommonlearning

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

問題3選項

A.anarrowvocationalismhascometodominatemanycolleges

B.studentsdon’thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

問題4選項

A.mostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.theinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.therearenotenoughincentivesforstudentstostudyhard

D.theyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

問題5選項

A.puttingacademicworkinthepropercontext

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledge

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第四句，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext”,可知問題是給學(xué)生們提供了太多的學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域，也就是太多的專業(yè)課程可以選擇。選項C符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanbeingmeans,havebecomeends.”，這種教育涉及了很多專業(yè)領(lǐng)域，但是沒有內(nèi)容，技能沒有變成方法，而是成為一種目的，所以這種教育的角度是錯誤的。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrowmindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”，可知美國大學(xué)當(dāng)前面臨危機的原因是越來越迎合狹隘的事業(yè)心，沒有培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的全球視野。選項A符合題意。

4.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“…yetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，可知他們認(rèn)為研究和出版是最重要的事。選項D符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…Suchacorewouldintroducestudentstoessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus.”，可知教學(xué)生們基本知識，產(chǎn)生跨學(xué)科聯(lián)系，并且將知識應(yīng)用于學(xué)校之外的生活是他們承諾努力的方面。根據(jù)第二段第一句，“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，可知高素質(zhì)的教師和好的教學(xué)也是他們關(guān)注的方面。選項B符合題意。

14.單選題

Theprofessorgave（）instructionforcarryingouttheresearchproject.

問題1選項

A.explicit

B.formidable

C.afflictive

D.dominant

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：為了完成研究項目，教授給了簡介。explicit詳盡的，詳述的；formidable可怕的，難以對付的；afflictive令人痛苦的，苦惱的；dominant支配的，顯性的。因此，A項符合句意。

15.單選題

Thepersonneloforgansofstatemustbe（）bythemasses.

問題1選項

A.stimulated

B.jeopardized

C.supervised

D.escorted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項stimulated“促進；激發(fā)”；B選項jeopardized“危害；使受危困”；C選項supervised“監(jiān)督”；D選項escorted“護送”。句意：國家機構(gòu)的全體人員必須接受民眾的……。句中的施動者是themasses“民眾”，承受者是Thepersonneloforgansofstate“國家機構(gòu)的全體人員”，國家機構(gòu)的全體人員接受人民監(jiān)督是堅持執(zhí)政為民、堅持依法行政的重要保證。因此C選項符合題意。

16.單選題

Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluthatshouldbecommandingourraptattentiontodayisthatavianinfluenza,specificallytheH5N1strainknownasbirdflu,threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.Anditisagrowingcontendertocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears.

Wearetoousedtothinkingoffluasanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly.Butthatjustisn’tthecaseforH5N1.Withamortalityrateofover50percent,thisbirdfluhaskilledover110people,strikingtheyoungandable-bodiedthehardest.Itsvictimsclusterpredominantlyamong5-to-30-year-old,apatternthathasheldupinthe34knowntohavediedfrombirdflusofarthisyear.

Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung.Thevictimsoverreacttothealienvirus,triggeringamassiveimmuneresponsecalledacytokinestorm,turninghealthylungsintoasoddenmassofdyingtissuescongestedwithblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells.Asairspaceschokeoff,thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail.

ScientistshaverecentlyshownthatH5N1hasominousparallelswiththedevastating1918flupandemic,whichalsojumpeddirectlytohumansfrombirdsanddisproportionatelyattackedtheyoungandthestrong.Withapatternhighlysuggestiveofacytokinestorm,deathsometimescamewithinjusthours,turningmanyWorldWarItroopshipsintodeathships.

Nowimaginehundredsofthousandsofyoungpeoplelaboringonrespirators,orlyingaloneincorridorsandmakeshifthospitalrooms,toosicktobehelpedwhenthesupplyofbeds,equipment,andtrainedstaffrunout.Seemlikehype?Nottothemedicalexpertswhodiscussedthesescenariosduringlastweek’st/.5*.NewsHealthSummitonemergencypreparedness.

ThispictureputsafaceontheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,projectionsthat,if

H5N1mutatesintoareadilyhuman-transmissiblefrom209,000to1.9millionAmericanscoulddie.PartofourreadinessthinkingshouldbetoheedthebluntwordsofHHSSecretaryMichaelLeavittatthesummit:Anyfamilyorcommunitythatfailstopreparefortheworst,withtheexpectationthatthefederalorstategovernmentwillcometotherescue,willbe“tragicallywrong.”Inapandemic,thegovernment’smedicalresourceswillbestretchedthin,anditwon’tbeabletoguaranteefirst-linehelptoanyhometown,localhospital,orcollegecampus.EventhenationalstockpileofTamiflu,theantiviralthatisthebestwehavetopreventorlessentheimpactoftheillness,hasitslimits.IfacollegestudentishospitalizedwithapossibleH5N1infection,thefedswillprovidedrugs.Buttheywillnotmakeitavailabletofendoffthevirusinthemanyotherswhomayhavecomeinclosecontactwiththeinfectedstudent.IntheexistingfederalguidanceonH5N1,theyoungandhealthyfallintothelowest-prioritygroupforantiviraldrugsandvaccines.Studenthealthcentersorotherprovidershadbetterscroungeuptheirownstockpiles.Containingpossibleoutbreaksoncollegecampusesmaybeallbutimpossible.Socialdistancing—avoidingclosecontactwithotherpeoplewithairkissesinsteadofsmooches,orevenbydonningmasksandgloves—willbetoughtoenforce.

Thethreatposesauniquelydifficultchallenge.Inthebestofallscenarios,theviruswillloseitsfuryandleaveinitswakeanewcultureofindividualandcommunitypreparedness.Butweneedtogetreadynow,andnotforthebestscenariobutfortheworst.

1.Thedifferencebetweenavianfluandhumanfluisthat（

）.

2.Thereasonthatbirdflustrikestheyoungandable-bodiedthehardestmaybe（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichisthebestsourcethatcollegestudentscanrelyuponifthereareoutbreaksofbirdfluoncollegecampuses?

4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theavianflushouldbecommandingourraptattention

B.theavianflumainlythreatenstheyoungpeople

C.theavianfluistocauseadevastatingworldwidepandemicinthenextfewyears

D.theavianfluisanannualannoyancethatkillsonlythefrailandelderly

問題2選項

A.thebodylosesoxygenandotherorgansfail

B.asoddenmassofdyingtissues

C.theenthusiasticimmunesystemsoftheyoung

D.theoverreactionofblood,toxicfluid,andrampaginginflammatorycells

問題3選項

A.ThenationalstockpileofTamiflu.

B.Thegovernment’smedicalresources.

C.Drugsprovidedbythefeds.

D.Thestockpileofthestudents’healthcenters.

問題4選項

A.itisimpossiblethatbirdfluoutbreaksoncollegecampuses

B.thereasonthatbirdflumayimpossiblyoutbreakoncollegecampusesisthatsocialdistancingwillbetoughtoenforcethere

C.bothindividualsandcommunitiesshouldbepreparedforthethreat

D.weneedtogetreadynowfortheworstscenariopreparedforthefuryofbirdflu

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞differencebetweenavianfluandhumanflu定位至第一段:differencebetween...threatenstobecometheyoungpeople’splague.故B項正確。

2.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞strikestheyoung定位至第三段:Thisvulnerabilitymaystemfromtherobustandfast-respondingimmunesystemsoftheyoung,即原因是免疫系統(tǒng)太好了，過度防御造成的。

3.細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞outbreaksofbirdfluoncollege定位至第六段第五句,C項是thefedswillprovidedrugs的復(fù)現(xiàn)。

4.推斷題。文章最后一段最后一句與選項D重現(xiàn)。

17.翻譯題

Virtualhighschools,whichallowstudentstotakeclassesviaPC,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative,particularlyforon-the-goathletes.UniversityofMiamiOnlineHighSchool(UMOHS)hasmorethan400studentsenrolled,56%ofwhomareathletes.Accreditedbythe100-year-oldSouthernAssociationofCollegesandSchools,UMOHSoffershonorsandadvanced-placementclasses.Allcoursematerialisonlinealongwithassignmentsandduedates.Forhelp,sa