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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-山東英才學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.翻譯題
ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.
盡管我們對(duì)“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善,然而我們對(duì)此已有不少了解?!皩W(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式,也可以在許多情況下進(jìn)行。一般來(lái)說(shuō),“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會(huì)引起行為的變化。“學(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化吋,這種變化常能持久。“學(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對(duì)一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)一首新的曲子。
【答案】
Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.
2.單選題
Onweekendsmygrandmausually()aglassofwine.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.subscribesto
B.engagesin
C.indulgesin
D.hangson
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A選項(xiàng)subscribeto“訂閱;同意;捐款”;B選項(xiàng)engagein“從事于”;C選項(xiàng)indulgein“沉湎于”;D選項(xiàng)hangon“堅(jiān)持下去;不掛斷”。句意:周末我奶奶通?!槐啤D芘c“一杯酒”搭配的只有C選項(xiàng)“沉湎于”。
3.單選題
7.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Two.
B.Three.
C.Four.
D.Five.
【答案】B
【解析】W:NowDaddyI’mwearingthisonyourchest.It’scalledstethocope.Itmightbealittlecold,I’llwarmitup.Feeltheend,OK?FirstofallI’lllistentoyourfrontandthenyourback.
M:Shehasgonethatalotoftimes.
Q:Howmanypeoplehavebeeninvolvedinthesituation?
【解析】推斷題。父親說(shuō):Shehasgonethatalotoftimes,由此推測(cè),本段對(duì)話中除了父女倆還有第三人的存在。
4.單選題
Weallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranother.Inmostcases,offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth,althoughthereareother,moresurprisingcauses.
Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.
Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows.Ourmouthsarefullofbacteriafeedingonproteininbitsoffoodandshedtissue.Thebacteriaemitsmellinggases,theworstofwhichishydrogensulfide.
Mouthbacteriathriveinairlessconditions.Oxygen-richsalivakeepstheirnumbersdown.Whenwesleep,forexample,thesalivastreamslows,andsulfideproducingbacteriagainstheupperhand,producingclassic“morningbreath”.
Alcohol,hunger,toomuchtalking,breathingthroughthemouthduringexercise—anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy.Somepeople’sbreathturnssoureverytimetheygoonajobinterview.
Salivaflowgraduallyslowswithage,whichexplainswhytheelderlyhavemorebadbreathtroublethanyoungerpeopledo.Babies,however,whomakeplentyofsalivaandwhosemouthscontainrelativelyfewbacteriahavecharacteristicallysweetbreath.
Formostofus,filesimple,dry-mouthvarietyofbadbreathiseasilycured.Eatingordrinkingstartssalivaandsweepsawaymanyofthebacteria.Breakfastoftenstopsmorningbreath.Thosewithchronicdrymouthfindthatithelpstokeepgum,hardcandy,orabottleofwaterorjuicearound.Brushingtheteethwipesoutdry-mouthbadbreathbecauseitclearsawaymanyoftheoffendingbacteria.
Surprisingly,onethingthatrarelyworksismouthwash.Theliquidcanmaskbad-breathodorwithitsownsmell,buttheeffectlastsnomorethananhour.Somemouthwashesclaimtokillthebacteriaresponsibleforbadbreath.Thetroubleistheydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms.Mostbacteriaarewellprotectedfrommouthwashunderthicklayersofmucus.Ifthemouthwashcontainsalcohol—asmostdo—itcanintensifytheproblembydryingoutthemouth.
1.Theunderlinedphrase“emanatefrom”in(Sent.2,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“()”.
2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthecausesofbadbreath?
3.Accordingtothepassage,alcoholhassomethingtodowithbadbreathmainlybecause().
4.Mouthwashesarenotaneffectivecureforbadbreathmainlybecause().
5.Wecaninferfromthispassagethat().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thriveon
B.accountfor
C.originatefrom
D.descendfrom
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Toothtrouble.
B.Sulfur-richfood.
C.Toomuchexercise.
D.Mentalstrain.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.itkeepsoffendingbacteriafromreproducing
B.itssmelladdstobadbreath
C.itkillssomehelpful
D.itaffectsthenormalflowofsaliva
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theycan’tmaskthebadodorlongenough
B.theycan’tgettoalltheoffendingbacteria
C.theirstrongsmellmixeswithbadbreathandmakesitworse
D.theycan’tcoverthethicklayersofmucus
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.offensivebreathcan’teasilybecured
B.elderlypeoplearelessoffendedbybadbreath
C.heavydrinkersarelessaffectedbybadbreath
D.offensivebreathislessaffectedbyalcohol
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:D
第3題:D
第4題:B
第5題:A
【解析】1.詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句offensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouth(口臭來(lái)自口腔中的細(xì)菌),可知C選項(xiàng)“源自”符合題意,故C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“靠,以”,B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)……負(fù)有責(zé)任;對(duì)……做出解釋;(比例)占有”,以及D選項(xiàng)“傳下來(lái)”意思不符合。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段第一、二句anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath.Socanstress,thoughit’snotunderstoodwhy(任何使口腔干燥的東西都會(huì)產(chǎn)生口臭。壓力也是如此,盡管不知道為什么),可知精神緊張導(dǎo)致口臭,故D選項(xiàng)“精神緊張”正確。A選項(xiàng)“牙齒問(wèn)題”:根據(jù)第二段第一句,醫(yī)生最多能建議有口臭的病人保持口腔清潔,可知口臭與口腔清潔有關(guān),沒(méi)有提到和牙齒問(wèn)題有關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)“高硫的食物”:根據(jù)第三段第二、三句,細(xì)菌以食物中的蛋白質(zhì)為食,并排放硫化物這種口臭中最難聞的氣體,可知并不是高硫食物導(dǎo)致口臭。C選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)度”:根據(jù)第五段第一句,運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)用嘴呼吸產(chǎn)生口臭,可知不是運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)多導(dǎo)致口臭。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Badbreathcanhappenwheneverthenormalflowofsalivaslows(只要唾液的正常流速放緩,就會(huì)有口臭)和第五段第一句Alcohol…anythingthatdriesthemouthproducesbadbreath(酒精……任何使口腔干燥的東西都會(huì)產(chǎn)生口臭),酒精引發(fā)口臭,而口臭的原因就是唾液流速低于正常速度,可推斷酒精影響唾液正常流動(dòng),故D選項(xiàng)“它影響唾液正常流動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它能阻止致病細(xì)菌繁殖”:文章中沒(méi)有提到任何方法阻止細(xì)菌繁殖,只有通過(guò)刷牙等清除細(xì)菌的方法。B選項(xiàng)“其氣味加劇口臭”:根據(jù)第八段第二句,含有酒精的漱口水通過(guò)氣味掩蓋口臭,沒(méi)有提到其氣味加劇口臭。C選項(xiàng)“它能有效殺死細(xì)菌”:根據(jù)第八段第三、四句,漱口水可以殺死部分細(xì)菌,但不能殺死所有致病細(xì)菌,可知漱口水不能有效殺死細(xì)菌。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
4.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第八段第四句Thetroubleistheydon’tnecessarilyreachalloffendinggerms(問(wèn)題是它們不一定能接觸到所有致病的細(xì)菌),thetrouble交代這是漱口水不能有效治療口臭的主要原因,故B選項(xiàng)“它們無(wú)法接觸到所有致病細(xì)菌”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們無(wú)法長(zhǎng)時(shí)間掩蓋難聞氣味”:無(wú)法長(zhǎng)時(shí)間掩蓋氣味是漱口水不能有效治療口臭的表現(xiàn)。C選項(xiàng)“它們濃烈的氣味和口臭味道混合后加劇口臭”:根據(jù)第八段最后一句如果漱口水中含有酒精——大多數(shù)都含有——會(huì)加劇問(wèn)題,可知漱口水含有酒精并且加劇口臭。D選項(xiàng)“它們不能覆蓋厚厚的黏液層”:根據(jù)第八段倒數(shù)第二句,大多數(shù)細(xì)菌在厚層黏液中,漱口水不能殺死它們,沒(méi)有說(shuō)到為什么不能和漱口水能不能到達(dá)厚層黏液。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
5.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Untilafewyearsago,themostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanliness.Nowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition.(直到幾年前,醫(yī)生能做的最多的就是建議有口臭的病人保持口腔清潔?,F(xiàn)在他們正在尋找新的方法來(lái)治療這種通??梢灾斡募膊。?,對(duì)于治愈口臭,前幾年醫(yī)生能做的有限,而且現(xiàn)在還在尋找方法治愈口臭,可見(jiàn)口臭不容易治愈,故A選項(xiàng)“口臭不容易治愈”正確。B選項(xiàng)“老年人口臭較少”:根據(jù)第六段第一句老年人比年輕人更多有口臭問(wèn)題,可知老年人口臭問(wèn)題更多。C選項(xiàng)“酗酒者較少受到口臭的影響”和D選項(xiàng)“口臭受酒精影響較小”:根據(jù)第五段第一句酒精……任何使口腔干燥的東西都會(huì)產(chǎn)生口臭,可知酒精加劇口臭問(wèn)題并且影響不小。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Academicrecordsfromotherinstitutionsoftenbecomepartofauniversityofficialfileandcanneitherbereturnedtoastudentnor______.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.explicated
B.complicated
C.duplicated
D.implicated
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)explicated“說(shuō)明,解釋”;B選項(xiàng)complicated“使復(fù)雜化;使惡化;使卷入”;C選項(xiàng)duplicated“復(fù)制;使加倍”;D選項(xiàng)implicated“使卷入;涉及;暗指;影響”。句意:來(lái)自其他機(jī)構(gòu)的學(xué)術(shù)記錄通常會(huì)成為一所大學(xué)的官方所有文件,并且不會(huì)被返還給學(xué)生或者被復(fù)制。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
6.單選題
Theydenouncedeficitspending,declaringthatyoucan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.condemn
B.dispute
C.contend
D.neglect
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)condemn“譴責(zé);聲討”;B選項(xiàng)dispute“辯論;懷疑”;C選項(xiàng)contend“主張;為……斗爭(zhēng)”;D選項(xiàng)neglect“疏忽;忽視;忽略”。句意:他們……赤字開(kāi)支,宣稱用更多的債務(wù)解決不了債務(wù)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)名詞deficitspending“赤字開(kāi)支”即支出大于收入,也就是超前消費(fèi)。對(duì)這一消費(fèi)行為有人贊成,也有人否定。根據(jù)后面的關(guān)鍵信息youcan’tsolvedebtproblemwithmoredebt.“你不能用更多的債務(wù)來(lái)解決債務(wù)問(wèn)題”由此看來(lái),這里是不贊成超前消費(fèi)的,有反對(duì)的意味。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.單選題
VII.EconomicLaw
InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.Allinformationisatoncematerialtosomeinvestorstoacertainextentbutirrelevanttootherinvestorstoacertainextent.
Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation.Definitionshavearisenthroughcontroversialcaselaw.However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.UnlikeECMH,arealisticassumptionisthatmostinformationisunknownandoftenunknowableaswell.Forexample,mostpeopledonotknowgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples.Yet,theGAAParewellestablishedandquitenecessarytoasolidfundamentalanalysisofanystock.IsGAAPinsideinformation?Areaccountants“insiders”?Dotheyhavean“unfair”tradingadvantage—fortheirknowledgeoffundamentalanalysisofstockvalues(ratios)doesinfactgivethematradingadvantageasWarrenBuffetexemplifies.Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.Yettheirexpertiseisbasedonathoroughknowledgeofexactlythetypeofinformationthatisregardedas“inside”!
Theuntenabilityofthe“inside”informationdistinctionbecomesclearifwelookatinsidertradingfromtheperspectiveofinformationtheory.Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.Allinformationstartsitslifecycleas“unknown”.Informationatfirstisknownbynoone.Informationissomehowdiscoveredorinvented.Thenitis“knownonlybyafew”.Wemightcallthesepersons“insiders”andthelawsometimesdoes.This“inside”informationovertimeisdisseminatedataratecorrespondingtoitsvalue.Whendoestheinformationstopbeing“inside”andstartbeing“public”?Ithinkthatquestionisunanswerable.Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.Anditistheveryvalueofapieceofinformationthatencouragesitsdissemination.Outlawinguseof“inside”informationisaverygoodwaytoslowdownitspublication.Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.Thevalueof“insider”informationdetermineshowrapidlyandtowhomtheinformationflows.Whenthelawimposesrestrictionsontheuseofinsiderinformationitisdistortingmarketprocesses,restrictinginformationflowandgeneratesmarketinefficiency.
75.Accordingtotheauthor,thevalueoftheinformationdependson___.
76.Thedescriptionthatthelifecycleofinformationstartsfrom“unknown”to“knownonlybyafew”,thento“public”isfollowingthe___.
77.Weonlypunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledgein___market.
78.Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorwantstotellthereadersthat___.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.thetypeoftheinformation
B.thespeedofitsdissemination
C.thelegalrestriction
D.itsrareness
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.statutoryrules
B.marketoperation
C.informationtheory
D.productlifecycle
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.intellectualproperties
B.securities
C.accounting
D.generalproduct
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.“insideinformation”isdifficulttobedefined
B.allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public,thus“inside”
C.theaccountantsknowledgeofGAAPcanalsobe“insideinformation”
D.Allinformationismaterialforsomeinvestorsbutirrelevantorknowntootherinvestors
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:A
【解析】75.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字定位到原文第二段Thevalueof“inside”informationexistsbecauseitisrare—likeanyproduct“rare”informationhasgreatervaluethan“common”information.(“內(nèi)部”信息的價(jià)值之所以存在,是因?yàn)樗窍∮械摹拖袢魏萎a(chǎn)品一樣,“稀有”信息比“普通”信息的價(jià)值更大)可知信息的價(jià)值取決于它的稀有程度,選D選項(xiàng)“稀有”;第二段Inanyevent,onceaninformationbecomeswidelydisseminatedithaslittlevalue.(無(wú)論如何,一旦信息被廣泛傳播,它就沒(méi)有什么價(jià)值)可知是傳播范圍越廣,信息就越?jīng)]有價(jià)值,和傳播速度無(wú)關(guān),B選項(xiàng)“它傳播的速度”屬于過(guò)度推測(cè),排除;A選項(xiàng)“信息的類型”和C選項(xiàng)“法律限制”和原文不符,排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
76.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Information,likeanyproduct,hasalifecycle.(信息和任何產(chǎn)品一樣,都有一個(gè)生命周期)可以推測(cè)出信息的生命周期和產(chǎn)品的生命周期相似,選D選項(xiàng)“產(chǎn)品生命周期”;A選項(xiàng)“法定規(guī)則”,B選項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)運(yùn)行”以及C選項(xiàng)“信息理論”和原文不符。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
77.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Innoothermarketdowepunishthosewhowouldprofitfromtheirknowledge.Infact,inafewmarkets—patents,trademarksandcopyrights—thelawactuallymakesinformationmonopolies.(在其他任何市場(chǎng),我們都不會(huì)懲罰那些從他們的知識(shí)中獲利的人。事實(shí)上,在一些市場(chǎng)——專利、商標(biāo)和版權(quán)——法律實(shí)際上造成了信息壟斷)可知在其他市場(chǎng),依靠知識(shí)獲利不會(huì)被懲罰,但是在“專利、商標(biāo)和版權(quán)”這樣的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)下,法律形成了壟斷,即法律會(huì)保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán),會(huì)懲罰那些用他們的知識(shí)在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)市場(chǎng)上獲利的人,選A選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”;第二段Werightlydonotpunishaccountantsfortheirexpertise.(我們不應(yīng)該因?yàn)闀?huì)計(jì)師的專業(yè)知識(shí)而懲罰他們)可知C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)計(jì)”是不會(huì)被懲罰,排除;B選項(xiàng)“證券”以及D選項(xiàng)“通用產(chǎn)品”原文未涉及,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
78.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】作者意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中心句InsideinformationintheU.S.is“materialnonpublicinformation”.Theproblemis,allinformationtosomeextentisnon-public.(在美國(guó),內(nèi)部信息是“重要的非公開(kāi)信息”。問(wèn)題是,所有的信息在某種程度上都是非公開(kāi)的)可知所有的消息在某種程度上都是“非公開(kāi)的”,所以很難定義內(nèi)部消息。以及第二段中心句Federallegislationdoesnotdefineinsideinformation…However,insideinformationcanneverbecompletelydefinedbecauseallinformationis,tovaryingdegrees,nonpublic.(聯(lián)邦立法沒(méi)有對(duì)內(nèi)幕信息進(jìn)行定義……然而,內(nèi)幕信息永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法被完全定義,因?yàn)樗械男畔⒃诓煌潭壬隙际欠枪_(kāi)的)可知第二段還是在強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)部信息是無(wú)法完全被定義的,因?yàn)樗械男畔⒃诓煌潭壬隙际欠枪_(kāi)的,則選A選項(xiàng)“‘內(nèi)幕消息’很難定義”;B選項(xiàng)“所有信息在某種程度上是非公開(kāi)的,因此是‘內(nèi)部的’”和第一二段的邏輯關(guān)系不符,B選項(xiàng)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)信息在某種程度上非公開(kāi)導(dǎo)致是“內(nèi)部消息”,但是一二段強(qiáng)調(diào)信息在某種程度上非公開(kāi)導(dǎo)致“內(nèi)部消息”無(wú)法被定義,B選項(xiàng)排除;C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)計(jì)知識(shí)的GAAP也可以是‘內(nèi)部信息’”是第二段的片面內(nèi)容,D選項(xiàng)“所有信息對(duì)某些投資者來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的,但對(duì)其他投資者來(lái)說(shuō)是無(wú)關(guān)的或已知的”是第一段的片面內(nèi)容,C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)都是以偏概全,排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Thesefundswillcomewithstringentconditionsthatwillimposeexternalfinancialcontrolsand()heavilyonIceland’shard-wonsovereignindependence.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.impinge
B.affect
C.afflict
D.impact
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)impinge“妨礙,侵犯”;B選項(xiàng)affect“影響,感染”,一般和介詞to搭配;C選項(xiàng)afflict“折磨,使痛苦”;D選項(xiàng)impact“影響,沖突”。句意:這些資金將附帶嚴(yán)格的條件,強(qiáng)制實(shí)施外部金融控制,并嚴(yán)重侵犯了冰島來(lái)之不易的主權(quán)獨(dú)立。這里是指侵犯主權(quán),所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。
9.單選題
YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.object
B.particular
C.subject
D.prone
【答案】C
【解析】句意:長(zhǎng)江流經(jīng)一個(gè)有許多湖泊的大平原,這個(gè)平原寬達(dá)2公里,平均深度在6至15米之間。這個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi)和河流泥沙淤積。objectto對(duì)……反對(duì);particular特別,尤其,不與to搭配;subjectto使遭受;proneto有……傾向的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
10.單選題
Weshallprobablyneverbeableto()theexactnatureofthesesub-atomicparticles.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.assert
B.inform
C.ascertain
D.notify
【答案】C
【解析】assert斷言,聲稱;inform通知;ascertain探明,確定;notify通知,公布。句意:我們可能永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法確定這些亞原子粒子的確切性質(zhì)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。
11.單選題
Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.
Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicumofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.
Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate'sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.Specialrapporteuroneducation.KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.
Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.
First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.
Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.
Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,thiscouldbeimportant.Bridgegivesteacherstabletslinkedtoacentralsystemthatprovidesteachingmaterialsandmonitorstheirwork.Suchrobo-teachingmaynotbeideal,butitisbetterthanlessonswithouteithermaterialormonitoring.
Theprivatesectorhasproblems.Butthealternativeisoftenapublicschoolthatisworse—ornoschoolatall.Thegrowthofprivateschoolsisamanifestationofthehealthiestofinstincts:parents’desiretodothebestfortheirchildren.Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.Ideally,theywouldsubsidizeprivateschools,preferablythroughavoucherwhichparentscouldspendattheschoolsoftheirchoiceandtopup;theywouldregulateschoolstoensurequality;theywouldrunpublicexamstohelpparentsmakeinformedchoice.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,thestategovernmentsindevelopingcountriesfailto(
).
2.TheauthormentionsKishoreSinghinordertoshow
(
).
3.Privateschoolssurpassthepubliconesinthat
(
).
4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprivateeducation?
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.providepropereducationforalltheschoolagechildren
B.fulfilltheirpromisesbyestablishingenoughpublicschools
C.improveeducationqualityoftheexistingpublicschools
D.speedupthesocialshiftfromfarmingtomanufacturing
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.howstategovernmentsdislikeprivateeducation
B.whyNGOsaresomuchopposedtoprivatesectors
C.howweshouldsafeguardthenobilityofeducation
D.whatthesocialmainstreamthinksoftheprivateschool
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.theycanobtainmoremoneyfromparents
B.theyhaveachievedbetterteachingquality
C.theycanmakebetteruseofmoneyandinnovate
D.theycanusetabletstoassistteaching
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Itmeetstheneedofsocialdevelopment.
B.Itshouldbesuspendedandreorganized.
C.Itshouldnotberunpurelyafterhighprofits.
D.Itisencouragedtoreplacepubliceducation.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.WhyArePrivateSchoolsBoomingSoFast?
B.ShouldPrivateEducationBeHelpedorCurbed?
C.HowShouldtheGovernmentImproveEducation?
D.WhatShouldtheStateDowithPublicSchools?
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:B
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.大多數(shù)政府承諾提供普遍的初等教育以及促進(jìn)中等教育的發(fā)展。但即使公立學(xué)校存在,它們通常還是失敗了。”再根據(jù)第一段前面的內(nèi)容可推斷,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的政府沒(méi)有履行他們的承諾,沒(méi)有建立足夠的公立學(xué)校。選項(xiàng)B符合原文;選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及;選項(xiàng)D是私立學(xué)校繁榮的原因之一,不符合題意。所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“KishoreSingh”定位第三段“KishoreSingh,hassaidthat‘for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation’”聯(lián)合國(guó)教育特別報(bào)告員KishoreSingh曾表示:“為了捍衛(wèi)教育的崇高事業(yè),不應(yīng)該允許營(yíng)利性教育。”這是對(duì)原文中上一句“NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.非政府組織往往在意識(shí)形態(tài)上反對(duì)私營(yíng)部門(mén)”的解釋,說(shuō)明非政府組織反對(duì)私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)的理由。因此選項(xiàng)B符合原文。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)兩段的首句“privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.私立學(xué)校通常比公立學(xué)校更物有所值?!币簿褪悄軌虺浞掷觅Y金?!皃rivateschoolsareinnovative.”私立學(xué)校具有創(chuàng)新性。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。選項(xiàng)A顯然不是私立學(xué)校超越公立學(xué)校的原因;選項(xiàng)B在文中沒(méi)有提及;選項(xiàng)D表述過(guò)于片面。
4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.政府不應(yīng)該打擊私營(yíng)教育,而應(yīng)該大力發(fā)展私營(yíng)教育。”由此可推斷,作者認(rèn)為私營(yíng)教育是符合社會(huì)發(fā)展的需求的。選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B與作者的觀點(diǎn)不符;選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及;選項(xiàng)D表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)。
5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,作者首先指出了發(fā)展中國(guó)家政府在公立教育方面的失敗,接著提到私營(yíng)教育的發(fā)展,政府反對(duì)私營(yíng)教育,而作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該大力發(fā)展私營(yíng)教育,所以本文的主要內(nèi)容是討論支持還是反對(duì)私營(yíng)教育。選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。
12.單選題
Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.resigned
B.compromised
C.persisted
D.dominated
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。prevail表示“盛行,流行,戰(zhàn)勝”;A項(xiàng)resign“辭職,放棄”,B項(xiàng)compromise“妥協(xié),和解”,C項(xiàng)persist“堅(jiān)持”,D項(xiàng)dominate“占主導(dǎo)地位,支配,控制”。句意:專家表示,如果冷酷的陪審員獲勝,對(duì)生病吸煙者的賠償金額將會(huì)減少。根據(jù)句意可知,選擇D項(xiàng)正確。
13.單選題
TherailwayticketforonesinglejourneybetweenBeijingandShanghaiis(
)forfivedays.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.fruitful
B.beneficial
C.valid
D.effective
【答案】C
【解析】句意:北京和上海之間的單程火車票五日內(nèi)有效。
考查形容詞辨析。Fruitful成果豐碩的,富有成效的;beneficial有利的;valid有效的,(正式)認(rèn)可的,符合邏輯的;effective有效果的,起作用的。這里指火車票的有效時(shí)間,故C符合句意。
14.單選題
Manyofusbelievedthatperson’smindbecomeslessactiveashegrowsolder.Butthisisnottrue,accordingtoDr.LissyF.JfessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngles,andaboardmemberoftheNewCenterforAgingattheVeteransHospital.Shehasstudiedthementalfunctioningofagingpersonsforseveralyears.Forexample,oneofherstudiesconcerns136pairsofidenticaltwins,whowerefirstexaminedwhentheywerealready60yearsold.AsDrJarvikcontinuedthestudyofthetwinsintotheir70sand80s,theirmindsdidnotgenerallydeclineaswasexpected.
However,therewassomedeclineintheirpsycho-motorspeed.Thismeansthatittookthemlongertoaccomplishmentaltaskthanitusedto.Butwhenspeedwasnotafactor,theylostverylittleintellectualabilityovertheyears.Ingeneral,Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.
Asforlearningnewthings,andabilitytoremember,studiesbyDr.Jarvikandothersshowthattheoldareequaltotheyoung.Itistruethatolderpeoplethemselvesoftencomplainthatthememoryisnotasgoodasitoncewas.However,muchofwhatwecall“l(fā)ossofmemory”isnotthatatall.Thereusuallywasincompletelearninginthefirstplace.Forexample,theolderpersonperhapshadtroublehearing,orpoorvision,orinattention,orwastryingtolearnthenewthingattoofastapace.
Inthecaseswheretheolderperson’smindreallyseemstodecay,itisnotnecessarilyasignofadecayduetooldageor“senility”.Oftenitissimplyasignofadepressedemotionalstate.Thisdepressionusuallycanbecounteractedbycounselingtherapywithapsychologist,ormedicationswhichfightdepression.
InAmericansociety,whenanolderpersonlosessomething,wetendtocallhimorher“senile”.Butnoticethatwhenayoungerpersonlosessomething,hedoesnotblameitonsenilityorlossofmemory.Hefindssomeotherexcuses.
1.AccordingtoDr.Jarvik’sstudies,middle-agedandoldpersonsshouldexpectto(
).
2.Accordingtothepassage,lossofmemoryisusuallycausedby(
).
3.Usually,whatappearstobesenilityisreally(
).
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablysupport?
5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.rememberless
B.reasonbetter
C.learnfewernewthings
D.loselittleabilitytoremember,reasonorlearn
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.poorlearning
B.inattention
C.tryingtolearntoofast
D.noneoftheabove
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.depression
B.mentalinactivity
C.lossofmemory
D.physicallyweak
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.Bothyoungerandolderpersonsshouldrealizethatsenilityismuchmorecommonthanmostofusbelieve.
B.Along-termstudyof136pairsoftwinsshowedthattheonlyfactorthatdeclinedovertheyearswaspsycho-motorspeed.
C.InAmerica,youngerpersonsneverloseanything,eitherbecauseofsenilityorlossofmemory.
D.Dr.Jarvik'sresearchrevealsthattheolderperson’smindreallyseemsnevertodecay.
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.ResearchRevealsOldMythsaboutMind’sDecline
B.OldAgeAcceleratesMind’sDecline
C.ANewPsychiatricTheorySavesOlderPersons
D.HowtoKeepMentallyActive
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:D
第3題:A
第4題:C
第5題:B
【解析】1.推理判斷題。由第二段“Dr.Jarvik’sstudieshaveshownthatthereisnodeclineinknowledgeorreasoningability.Thisistruenotonlyintothe30sand40s,butintothe60sand70saswell.賈維克博士的研究表明,知識(shí)和推理能力并沒(méi)有下降。不僅在30歲和40歲
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