考研考博-英語-晉中師范高等?？茖W(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-晉中師范高等專科學(xué)校押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社會(huì)等級(jí))society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的運(yùn)作需要一個(gè)階級(jí)社會(huì)，因?yàn)閺谋举|(zhì)上講，它既不發(fā)生在原始群體那樣的同質(zhì)社會(huì)，也不發(fā)生在種姓社會(huì)。），可知A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚起源于階級(jí)社會(huì)”正確，B選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚只存在于群體生活的幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域”和C選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚存在于每個(gè)社會(huì)”錯(cuò)誤，時(shí)尚也不會(huì)存在于原始社會(huì)，D選項(xiàng)“在原始社會(huì)，人們喜歡趕時(shí)髦”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他們生活和行為的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他們的階級(jí)所模仿，反過來，這些階級(jí)又被社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中直接低于他們的群體所模仿。），這里指的是社會(huì)精英，可知社會(huì)精英引領(lǐng)時(shí)尚，C選項(xiàng)“社會(huì)精英”正確。A選項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)家”，B選項(xiàng)“藝術(shù)家”和D選項(xiàng)“作家”正確。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是這一特點(diǎn)使時(shí)尚成為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，也正是這一特點(diǎn)使得一位作家評(píng)論道，一種時(shí)尚一旦推出，就注定要滅亡。），可知時(shí)尚會(huì)消亡，也就不是真實(shí)的，D選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正確，A選項(xiàng)“時(shí)尚是一種真實(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)”和C選項(xiàng)“一種時(shí)尚一旦推出就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)消失”錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“上層階級(jí)在使時(shí)尚成為運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮了一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)作用”：上層階級(jí)是推動(dòng)時(shí)尚的主要人群，不符合文章內(nèi)容，故錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），所以A選項(xiàng)“與其他運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有什么共同之處”正確。C選項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)”：根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為運(yùn)動(dòng)提供有意識(shí)的方向），可知不符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“最終會(huì)發(fā)展成一個(gè)社會(huì)組織”和D選項(xiàng)“有一系列符號(hào)和價(jià)值”文章沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人們自愿參加時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)，是對(duì)時(shí)尚強(qiáng)加給他們有趣而有力控制的一種響應(yīng)。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)是一種對(duì)時(shí)尚的回應(yīng)，他們通過時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)這種行為表達(dá)了對(duì)時(shí)尚的態(tài)度，B選項(xiàng)“是一種表達(dá)行為”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其功能與特定的社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)相同”：根據(jù)第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作為一種運(yùn)動(dòng)，時(shí)尚與我們考慮過的其他運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎沒有相似之處。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)和其他社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒有相同之處。C選項(xiàng)“可以提高參與者的士氣”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他們沒有樹立起士氣。），可知時(shí)尚運(yùn)動(dòng)不能提高士氣。D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人群行為的方式有很大的貢獻(xiàn)”文章沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.翻譯題

Idon’trecallFrenchcivilizationfeelingsoimportantinmylifetime.Therewillbeuglyargumentsoverthecomingweeks,oncethefirstshockpasses,overwhowasresponsible,howthisdisasterhappened,whatnegligencewasinvolved.Butinthosesilent,reverent,hymn-singingcrowdsonthestreetsofParis,IalsosawthepossibilityofaFrenchcoming-togetherinthedeterminationtorebuildnotonlytheNotre-Damecathedral,butalsoanationshakenbytheviolenceoftheYellowVestmovementandthesocialdivisionsitreflects.ThestoryofNotre-Dameisastoryofenduranceandrebirth.

【答案】在我的一生中，法國(guó)文明從未有過如此重要的感覺。在接下來的幾周內(nèi)，一旦第一波沖擊過去，誰應(yīng)該對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)，這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難是如何發(fā)生的，哪些過失牽涉其中，將會(huì)有令人不快的爭(zhēng)論。但在那些沉默的,虔誠(chéng)的,只需人群在巴黎街頭,我也看到了一個(gè)法國(guó)相遇了的可能性的決心重建不僅圣母院大教堂,也是一個(gè)國(guó)家遭受的暴力黃色背心運(yùn)動(dòng)和社會(huì)部門反映。巴黎圣母院的故事是一個(gè)關(guān)于忍耐和重生的故事。

3.單選題

Wearesurprisedtofindthathehasa(n)（）streak,withthetendencyofrememberingthewrongsdonetohim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vengeful

B.invincible

C.vulnerable

D.violent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。vengeful“復(fù)仇的，報(bào)復(fù)的”；invincible“無敵的，不能征服的”；vulnerable“易受攻擊的”；violent“暴力的，猛烈的”。句意：我們驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)他有報(bào)復(fù)心理，他記著那些做了對(duì)不起他的事的人。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.翻譯題

Theinitialfundofgeneralscientificknowledgeisaninvaluableasset,buttheyoungresearchworkershouldhavenoillusionabouthowlittleitiscomparedwithwhatheorsheshouldacquireduringsucceedingyears.Astotheprecisevalueofthisinitialfundofknowledge,thisdependstoagreatdegreeonhowithasbeenacquiredandonwhohasbeenimpartingit.(1)Youngscientistscannotrealizetoosoonthatexistingscientificknowledgeisnotnearlysocomplete,certainandunalterableasmanytextbooksseemtoimply.

Theoriginalpapersofgreatscientistsdescribingtheirdiscoveriesandexplainingtheirtheoriesareneverasrigidandself-confidentastheresumesofthesediscoveriesandtheoriesintextbooksbyothermenoftensuggest.Youngscientistsconsultingtheseoriginalworkswillfindinthem"itappearsthat”,“itprobablymeans’’,“itseemslikelythat”n,morethanonce,asexpressionsofelementsofdoubtwhichgreatmenfeltandhonestlyputonrecord.(2)Manystatementswhichhaveappearedintextbooksasuniversalandabsolutetruthshave,intheiroriginalform,beenputforwardasonlyapproximatelytrue,ortrueonlyincertaincircumstances.

Immediatelyuponstartingonthefirstseriouspieceofresearch,ayoungscientistmustthereforedotwothings.(3)Thefirstoftheseshouldbeacarefulreadingoforiginalpapersorbooksrelatingtotheproblem,writtenbyinvestigatorswhosetechniqueandjudgmenthecantrust.Whilereadingthesepublicationsinamostattentiveandreceptivemanner,theyoungscientistmustnotfallintotheerrorofplacinginthemagreaterconfidencethantheirauthorwouldwishhimtodo.(4)Nogreatscientisteverwantshispupilstobemeretaperecorders,faithfullyrecordinghisremarks,neverquestioninganything.Neverwantingtoaddtoorsubtractfromwhathehasgiventhem.Thesecondthingayoungscientistmustdo,almostbutnotquitesimultaneouslywiththefirst,istoproceedwithobservationsandexperiments.(5)Theinitialobservationsandexperimentswillbefailures,buttheywillhelpthedevelopmentofappropriateexperimentaltechnique,andtheywillgiveagreaterunderstandingoftheliteraturetheyoungscientistisstudying.

【答案】1.年輕的科學(xué)家們要盡快意識(shí)到現(xiàn)在的科學(xué)知識(shí)不像許多教科書所暗示的那樣全面、肯定以及不可改變。2.教科書很多普遍且絕對(duì)的真理最初只是作為接近真理或者某種特定情況下的真理而提出來的。

3.第一件事是認(rèn)真閱讀由那些技術(shù)和評(píng)價(jià)都值得信任的調(diào)查者寫下的關(guān)于這個(gè)問題的原始論文或者書籍。4.沒有哪位偉大的科學(xué)家希望他的學(xué)生僅僅像錄音機(jī)似的原原本本地記錄下他的話語，從來不問問題，從不想對(duì)他教授的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行增添或削減。

5.最開始的觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)會(huì)失敗，但它們有助于開發(fā)合適的實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)，并且它們有助于年輕科學(xué)家更好地理解他們正在研究的文獻(xiàn)。

5.單選題

Theconference（）afullweekbythetimeitends.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.musthavelasted

B.willhavelasted

C.wouldlast

D.haslasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)題干以及選項(xiàng)可知本題考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法，又根據(jù)bythetimeitends：到會(huì)議結(jié)束的時(shí)候，以及句意可知本題應(yīng)該使用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)，因此選項(xiàng)B為正確選項(xiàng)。句意：到會(huì)議結(jié)束時(shí)將已經(jīng)持續(xù)整整一周了。

6.單選題

Improvementsinqualitycontroltechniqueshaveresultedinmorehigh-qualityproductswithveryfew______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.failures

B.defects

C.routes

D.spots

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。failures“失敗”；defects“缺點(diǎn)”；routes“路線”；spots“斑點(diǎn)”。句意：質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)的改進(jìn)使產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更高，缺陷更少。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

7.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines;theBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeveryfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsive.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying—fornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswermustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowtheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwithnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthisexploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointsofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarge.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asettingcharacters,language,andtheme.Andlikeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstory,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

1.Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysubgenrebecause______.

2.Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,isnevertheless______.

3.Anappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbe______.

4.Theauthor’sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith______.

5.Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.itisnotimportantenoughtobealiterarygenre

B.itcannotbemadeintoadramaticpresentation

C.tocallita“genre”wouldsubjectittoliteraryjargon

D.itsharescharacteristicswithothertypesofprosefiction

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.popular

B.deranged

C.elegant

D.accurate

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.OntheInaccuraciesofPulpMagazines

B.ManandtheUniverse

C.TowardaDefinitionofScienceFiction

D.ATypeofProseFiction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesametopicsaddressedbynovelsandshortstories

B.theunfamiliarorunusual

C.KarelCapek’swell-knownpostulate

D.theconflictbetweenscienceandfiction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.therearereasonsforenjoyingsciencefiction

B.thereadershouldturnnexttocommentariesongeneralfiction

C.thereisnoreasonforanyreadernottolikesciencefiction

D.thosewhocanreadandanalyzefictioncanalsodosowithsciencefiction

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“科幻小說之所以被稱為文學(xué)流派分支是因?yàn)椤?。根?jù)第三段最后一句Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionthatistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（科幻小說是散文小說的一個(gè)分支，也就是說，它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）可知，D項(xiàng)“它與其他類型的散文小說有共同的特點(diǎn)”正確；根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines…Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.（許多人似乎認(rèn)為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表……這是不幸的，因?yàn)樗H低了一個(gè)值得的，甚至是重要的文學(xué)努力）可知，科幻小說是重要的文學(xué)努力，A項(xiàng)“它還不夠重要去成為一種文學(xué)體裁”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段中的Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說）可知，科幻小說可以以戲劇形式出現(xiàn)，B項(xiàng)“不能以戲劇的形式表演”錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第三段第一句Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone（科幻小說是文學(xué)的一個(gè)分支，這一點(diǎn)非常重要）可知，科幻小說就是屬于文學(xué)流派分支，C項(xiàng)“稱其為體裁會(huì)使它從屬于文學(xué)流派”也不符合原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“被低俗雜志推崇的科幻小說這一的觀點(diǎn)盡管是錯(cuò)誤的，然而它卻是……”。根據(jù)第一段Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines.（許多人似乎認(rèn)為科幻小說以一些老式低俗雜志的封面為代表）可知，這種觀點(diǎn)是非常普遍的，A項(xiàng)“流行的，普遍的”正確；B項(xiàng)“瘋狂的”、C項(xiàng)“優(yōu)雅的”和D項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)確的”表述都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題應(yīng)該是……”。通讀全文可知，文章主要是闡述科幻小說的定義，即它和散文小說有共同的特點(diǎn)，屬于文學(xué)流派的分支，故C項(xiàng)“科幻小說的定義”最能概括全文；A項(xiàng)“關(guān)于低俗雜志的不準(zhǔn)確性”和D項(xiàng)“散文小說的一種類型”都只是部分提及；B項(xiàng)“人與宇宙”沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者的定義表明，所有科幻小說都涉及……”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句ithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral—thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.（它具有一般散文小說的所有基本特征和基本功能，即它與其他所有的小說和短篇故事有很多共同之處）以及最后一段中的Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.（科幻小說中的主題的構(gòu)建和呈現(xiàn)方式與其他任何類型的小說的主題處理方式完全相同）可以推斷，A項(xiàng)“與小說和短篇故事一樣的主題”是正確的；B項(xiàng)“不常見的或者是不尋常的事物”和D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)和小說間的沖突”在文中沒有根據(jù)；C項(xiàng)“KarelCapek著名的假設(shè)”，文中第三段只提到了Thereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Rossum’sUniversalRobots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown（只有少數(shù)戲劇可以被稱為科幻小說，其中KarelCapek的《Rossum’sUniversalRobots》是唯一著名的），可知C項(xiàng)無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“文章最后一個(gè)句子的含義是……”。文章最后一句話是Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.（簡(jiǎn)而言之，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因，以及研究和分析科幻小說的方式，基本上與閱讀其他故事或小說的方式相同）可知，閱讀和欣賞科幻小說的原因以及分析它的方式基本和其他故事或小說的方式基本相同，因此可以反推，能夠閱讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說，故D項(xiàng)“那些能讀和分析小說的人也能讀科幻小說”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“喜歡科幻小說是有原因的”只是句子的一段信息，并不是該句的含義；B項(xiàng)“讀者應(yīng)該求助于一般小說的評(píng)論”和C項(xiàng)“讀者沒有理由不喜歡科幻小說”在本句沒有提到。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

AspecialmemorialservicewillbeheldintheCathedraltothe（

）500thanniversaryofitsconstruction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.note

B.illustrate

C.mark

D.remember

【答案】C

【解析】句意:為紀(jì)念大教堂建造500周年，一場(chǎng)特殊的紀(jì)念儀式將在里面被舉行。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Note注意,留意,指出;illustrate(用示例、圖畫等)說明,解釋,表明…真實(shí);mark做記號(hào),做標(biāo)記,留下痕跡;remember回想起,記得,記起。分析題干可知此處表示“幾年500周年”,故選C。

9.單選題

Asisthecaseinmanycultures,thedegreetowhichaminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.Immigrantswhowereliketheearliersettlerswereaccepted.ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.

Thiswasparticularlytrueoftheimmigrantswhoarrivedbythemillionsduringthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.Mostofthemcamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope.TheyspokelanguagesotherthanEnglish,andlargenumbersofthemwereCatholicsorJews.

Americansatthetimewereveryfearfulofthisnewfloodofimmigrants.TheywereafraidthatthesepeopleweresoaccustomedtolivesofpovertyanddependencethattheywouldnotunderstandsuchbasicAmericanvaluesasfreedom,self-relianceandcompetition.Thereweresomanynewimmigrantsthattheymightevenchangethebasicvaluesofthenationinundesirableways.

AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.Theimmigrants,however,oftenfeltthattheirAmericanteachersdisapprovedofthetraditionsoftheirhomeland.Moreover,learningaboutAmericanvaluesgavethemlittlehelpinmeetingtheirmostimportantneedssuchasemployment,food,andaplacetolive.

Farmorehelpfultothenewimmigrantswerethe"politicalbosses"ofthelargercitiesofthenortheasternUnitedStates,wheremostoftheimmigrantsfirstarrived.Thosebossessawtoomanyofthepracticalneedsoftheimmigrantsandweremoreacceptingofthedifferenthomelandtraditions.Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.

Inspiteofthis,manyscholarsbelievethatthepoliticalbossesperformedanimportantfunctioninthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.TheyhelpedtoassimilatelargenumbersofdisadvantagedwhiteimmigrantsintothelargerAmericanculture.ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.Asaresultofthesenewopportunitiesandnewrewards,immigrantscametoacceptmostofthevaluesofthelargerAmericancultureandwereacceptedbythegreatmajorityofAmericans.Forwhiteethnicgroups,therefore,itisgenerallytruethattheirfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture,thatis,"American"ismuchstrongerthantheirfeelingofbelongingtoaseparateethnicgroup—Irish,Italian,Polish,etc.

1.Aminoritygroup'sacceptancetothecountrywasdeterminedby（）.

2.Theimmigrants'flushinginwasconsideredathreattoAmericanvaluemainlybecause（）.

3."Citizenshipclasses"(Para.4)wereofferedbecauseAmericans（）.

4.Thepoliticalbosseshelpedthenewimmigrantsforthemainpurposeof（）.

5.Thelivingstandardsofthenewimmigrantswereimprovedinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturiesmainlybecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencetheyshowedfromthemajority

B.thetimewhentheyarrivedatthenewland

C.thebackgroundconditionstheycamefrom

D.thereligionsgrouptowhichtheybelonged

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theimmigrantscamefrompoverty-strickennationsofsouthernandeasternEurope

B.theimmigrantshadbeenaccustomedtopovertyanddependence

C.theimmigrantshaddifferenthomelandtraditionsandotherparticularcharacteristics

D.theimmigrantsdidnotspeakEnglish

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.wantedtohelptheimmigrantstosolvetheirpracticalneeds

B.wouldnotacceptanygroupswithdifferenttraditions

C.wantedtheimmigrantstodealwiththethreattotheAmericanvalues

D.wantedtheimmigrantstolearnaboutandtokeeptheAmericanvalues

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.showingofftheirpoliticalpowersandadvantages

B.gettingsupportinelections

C.assimilatingtheminorityintothemajority

D.showingtheirgenerosity

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theykeptthepoliticalbossesinpower

B.thepoliticalbossesgavethemalotofpracticalhelp

C.theyhadamuchstrongerfeelingofbeingapartofthelargerculture

D.therewasarapidgrowthinAmericaneconomyatthattime

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第一句“...aminoritygroupwasseenasdifferentfromthecharacteristicsofthedominantmajoritydeterminedtheextentofthatgroup'sacceptance.”少數(shù)群體因其不同于占主導(dǎo)地位的多數(shù)群體的特征的程度決定了該群體被接受的程度。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“ThelargenumbersofimmigrantswithsignificantlydifferentcharacteristicstendedtobeviewedasathreattobasicAmericanvaluesandtheAmericanwayoflife.”大量具有明顯不同特征的移民往往被視為對(duì)美國(guó)基本價(jià)值觀和美國(guó)生活方式的威脅。選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AmericanstriedtomeetwhattheysawasathreattotheirvaluesbyofferingEnglishinstructionforthenewimmigrantsandcitizenshipclassestoteachthembasicAmericanbeliefs.”為移民提供公民課程是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)希望移民們了解并保持美國(guó)的價(jià)值觀。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Inexchangefortheirhelp,thepoliticalbossesexpectedtheimmigrantstokeeptheminpowerbyvotingfortheminelections.”作為對(duì)他們幫助的回報(bào)，政治領(lǐng)袖們希望移民們?cè)谶x舉中投票支持他們，從而使他們繼續(xù)掌權(quán)。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

5.根據(jù)第六段的第三句“ThefactthattheUnitedStateshadarapidlyexpandingeconomyatthebeginningofthecenturymadeitpossibleforthesenewimmigrants,oftenwiththehelpofthebosses,tobettertheirstandardoflivingintheUnitedStates.”20世紀(jì)的移民生活水平提高主要原因還是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

10.單選題

InWesterncountriespeoplehavebeenusingtheinstallment(分期付款)sincethefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.（1）indicatethatmorethan60percentoftheyearlyretailsales(零售)intheU.S.arecredittransaction.Aboutthreefourthsofthecreditsalesaremadeontheinstallmentplan.Morethanhalfoftheautomobiles,（2）,andhouse-holdappliancesarepurchasedontheinstallmentplan.

Manyfamiliescansaveenoughtomakemajorpurchases;（3）,theyareabletopurchaseswithoutcashontheinstallmentplan.Thepriceofgoodsboughtinthiswayisalways（4）thanthepricethatwouldbepaid（5）cash.Thereisachargeforinterest.Thebuyerwillhavetopayaproportion（6）,perhapsone-quarterorone-third,ofthepriceasadownpaymentwhenthegoodsaredeliveredtohim.Hethenmakes（7）payments,weeklyormonthly,untilthe（8）priceispaidup.Thelegalownershipofthegoodsremainswiththe（9）untilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.

Someeconomistsbelievethatsellinggoodstoconsumersonaninstallmentplanisoneofthemajorfactorsin（10）thehighstandardoflivingpossible.They（11）thatinstallmentsellingincreasestheconsumptionofgoods,whichin（12）increaseproductionandthustendstolowercosts.

However,governmentofficials,andbusinessmenexpress（13）aboutexcessivepurchasingontheinstallmentplan.Ifmanypeopleontheinstallmentplan（14）theirjobs,theywouldprobablynotbeabletomaketheirpayments.Thereispossibility（15）businessmencannotcollecttheirdebtsandwillthereforelosemoney.Ifbusinessmenlosemoneyorfailtomakea（16）profit,thepossibilitiesofhavinga（17）areincreased.Thisis（18）,insomecountri