2017-2021年江蘇中考語文真題分類匯編之文言文閱讀

2017-2021/r/n年江/r/n蘇/r/n中考/r/n語/r/n文真/r/n題/r/n分類/r/n匯編/r/n之文言文/r/n閱讀/r/n—./r/n文言文閱讀（共/r/n20/r/n小題）/r/n（2021/r/n?鹽城）閱讀下面的文言文,完成下列各題。/r/n周公踐①天子之位布德施惠遠(yuǎn)而逾明,十二牧,方三人②,出舉@遠(yuǎn)方之民,有饑寒而不得衣食者,有獄訟而失職④者,有賢オ而不舉者,/r/n以入/r/n告乎天子,天子于其君⑤之朝也，攝而進(jìn)之，曰:“/r/n朕之政教/r/n有/r/n不得者與?/r/n何其所臨之民,有饑寒而不得衣食者,有獄訟而失職者，有賢オ而不舉者?/r/n”/r/n其君歸也,乃召其國大夫告/r/n以/r/n天子之言,百姓聞之,皆喜曰:“/r/n此誠天子/r/n也!/r/n何/r/n居之深遠(yuǎn),而見我之明也，豈可欺哉!”是以近者親/r/n之，/r/n遠(yuǎn)者安之。/r/n（選自《說苑君道》，有刪改）/r/n【注釋】/r/n①踐:登上。②十二牧,方三人：全國設(shè)置十二州牧,分為四方,每方三人。/r/n③出舉：外出考察。④失職：流離失所。⑤君：諸侯國君。/r/n（1）/r/n用/r/n“/”為/r/n文中畫線的部分?jǐn)?r/n句,/r/n限兩處。/r/n周公踐天子之位布德施惠遠(yuǎn)而逾明/r/n（2）/r/n解釋下列句中加點(diǎn)詞的意思。/r/n①有獄訟而失職者/r/n②以入告乎天子/r/n③有賢オ而不舉者/r/n④百姓聞之/r/n（3）/r/n下列加點(diǎn)詞的意義和用法相同的ー項是/r/nA./r/n出舉遠(yuǎn)方之民/r/n何陋之有（《陋室銘》）/r/nB./r/n其君歸也/r/n其如土石何（《愚公移山》）/r/nC,/r/n乃召其國大夫/r/nA./r/n出舉遠(yuǎn)方之民/r/n何陋之有（《陋室銘》）/r/nB./r/n其君歸也/r/n其如土石何（《愚公移山》）/r/nC,/r/n乃召其國大夫/r/n乃記之而去（《小石潭記》）/r/nD,/r/n是以近者親之/r/n以塞忠諫之路也（《出師表》）/r/n（4）/r/n用現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯下列句子。/r/n①朕之政教有不得者與?/r/n②此誠天子也!/r/n得：①得到,獲得。②得當(dāng),合適。③得意,滿足。④能,可能。/r/nーー《古代漢語詞典》/r/n（5）/r/n文中寫了周公的哪三條治國/r/n之/r/n道?其中與《曹劌論戰(zhàn)》中魯莊公所說的“/r/n小/r/n大之獄,雖不能察,必以情”相一致的是哪/r/n一條?/r/n（2021/r/n?無/r/n錫）文言文閱讀。/r/n李綱,自其祖始居無錫。登政和/r/n二/r/n年進(jìn)士第,積官至監(jiān)察御史/r/n兼權(quán)/r/n殿中侍御史,/r/n以/r/n言事忤權(quán)貴,改比部員外郎，遷起居郎。靖康元,以吳敏為行營副使，綱為參謀官。金將斡離/r/n不/r/n兵渡河，徽宗東幸,宰執(zhí)議請上暫避敵鋒。綱進(jìn)曰:‘’今日之計，當(dāng)整飭軍馬，相與堅守，リ待勤王之師。”太宰時中芯/r/n曰:‘'/r/n李綱莫能將兵否?/r/n"/r/n綱曰:''陛下/r/n不/r/n以臣庸懦，儻使治兵，愿以死報/r/n?！蹦?r/n以綱為尚書右丞。宰執(zhí)猶守避敵之議。/r/n有/r/n旨/r/n以/r/n綱為東京留/r/n守,/r/n綱為上力陳不可去之意。上意頗悟。會內(nèi)侍奏中宮已/r/n行，/r/n上/r/n色變，/r/n倉卒降/r/n御榻日：“/r/n不能留/r/n矣?！?r/n綱泣拜，以死単之。上感悟，遂命/r/n簇/r/n行。命綱為親征行營使，以便宜從事,治守戰(zhàn)/r/n之/r/n具,不數(shù)日而畢。敵兵攻城,綱身督戰(zhàn)，募壯士繾城而/r/n下,/r/n斬酋長十余人，/r/n殺其/r/n眾數(shù)千/r/n人。/r/n金人知/r/n有備,又/r/n聞上己內(nèi)禪，/r/n乃/r/n退。/r/n（節(jié)選自《宋史/r/n?/r/n李綱/r/n傳》）/r/n［注/r/n釋］①斡離/r/n不：/r/n人名。②中/r/n官：/r/n皇后。/r/n（1）/r/n下列句中加點(diǎn)詞解釋/r/n有/r/n錯誤的ー項是/r/nA,/r/n太宰時中/r/n名/r/n曰（惱怒）/r/nB./r/n李綱莫能將兵出/r/n戰(zhàn)/r/n否（率領(lǐng)）/r/nC./r/n以死蹲之（阻攔）/r/nD./r/n遂命銀/r/n行/r/n（連續(xù)）/r/n（2）/r/n下列句中的/r/n“以”/r/n與/r/n“以/r/n言事忤權(quán)貴”中的/r/n“以”/r/n意/r/n義/r/n和用法相同的ー項是/r/nA,/r/n以/r/n待勤王之師/r/nB./r/n愿以死報/r/nC,/r/n以中/r/n有/r/n足樂者/r/nD./r/n策/r/n之/r/n不以/r/n其/r/n道/r/n（3）/r/n翻譯下列句/r/n子。/r/n①綱為上力陳不可/r/n去/r/n之意。/r/n②治守戰(zhàn)/r/n之/r/n具,/r/n不/r/n數(shù)日而畢。/r/n（4）/r/n國家危急時，李綱是怎樣カ挽狂瀾的?請簡要概括。/r/n（2021/r/n?淮安）閱讀甲、乙兩部分文字，完成問題。/r/n【甲】/r/n云花寺有圣畫殿,長安中/r/n謂之七圣/r/n畫。/r/n初,殿宇既制,寺僧/r/n召/r/n畫工,將命施彩飾,會貴其直①,/r/n不合/r/n寺僧祈酬,亦竟去。后數(shù)日，有二少年詣寺來謁日:“/r/n某，/r/n善畫/r/n者/r/n也。/r/n今/r/n聞此寺將命畫工,某/r/n不/r/n敢利其/r/n價，/r/n愿輸功，可乎?/r/n”/r/n寺僧/r/n欲/r/n先閱其跡②。少年/r/n日:“某/r/n弟兄凡七/r/n人，/r/n未嘗畫于長安中,寧有跡/r/n乎?/r/n”/r/n寺僧/r/n以為妄,/r/n稍難/r/n之。/r/n少年日:/r/n“某/r/n既/r/n不/r/n納師之直，茍不可師/r/n意，/r/n即命與其壁,未為晚/r/n也?！?r/n寺僧利/r/n其/r/n無直，遂許/r/n之。/r/n后一日，/r/n七人/r/n果/r/n至，/r/n各挈彩繪，將/r/n入/r/n其殿,且謂僧日：“/r/n從/r/n此去七日，慎勿啟吾/r/n之門，/r/n亦不勞飲/r/n食，/r/n蓋/r/n以/r/n畏風(fēng)日所侵銀也?？?r/n以/r/n泥錮@吾/r/n門，/r/n無使有纖隙;/r/n不然,/r/n則不能施/r/n其/r/n妙/r/n矣?！?r/n僧從其語。如是凡六日,闌@無有聞。僧相語日：“此/r/n必/r/n他/r/n怪/r/n也。/r/n且/r/n不可/r/n果其/r/n約@?！彼煜嗯c發(fā)其封。戶既啟，/r/n有/r/n七鴿翩翩。望空飛去，/r/n其/r/n殿中彩繪儼/r/n若，/r/n四隅/r/n唯/r/n西北墉/r/n?未/r/n盡其飾焉。/r/n后畫工來見/r/n之，/r/n大驚/r/n日：“/r/n真神妙之筆也?！庇谑菬o敢繼其色者。/r/n（選自張讀《宣室志》）/r/n［注釋］/r/n①貴其直：畫工要/r/n價/r/n太貴。②跡：這里指在/r/n其/r/n他地方的畫稿/r/n或/r/n作品。③錮:封閉。④闌/r/n（qii）：/r/n寂靜，空寂。⑤不可/r/n果其約：/r/n不可始終守約。⑥墉：高墻。/r/n【乙】/r/n滄州南/r/nー/r/n寺臨河/r/n干，/r/n山門圮于/r/n河，/r/n二石獸并沉焉。閱十余歲，僧募金重修,求二石獸于/r/n水中,/r/n竟不可得，以為順流下/r/n矣。/r/n棹數(shù)小舟，曳鐵把,尋十余里無跡。/r/nー講學(xué)家設(shè)帳寺中，聞之笑/r/n日：“/r/n爾輩不能究物理。是非/r/n木/r/n柿，豈能為暴漲攜之/r/n去?乃/r/n石性堅重,沙性/r/n松/r/n浮，湮于沙上,漸沉漸/r/n深/r/n耳。沿河/r/n求之,/r/n不亦顛/r/n乎?/r/n”/r/n眾服為/r/n確論。/r/n一老河兵聞/r/n之，又/r/n笑日：“/r/n凡/r/n河中/r/n失/r/n石,當(dāng)/r/n求之/r/n于上流。蓋石性堅重，/r/n沙/r/n性松浮,/r/n水/r/n不能沖石，/r/n其反/r/n激/r/n之カ，必/r/n于石下迎水處嚙沙為坎穴。漸激漸/r/n深,/r/n至石/r/n之半,/r/n石必倒/r/n擲坎穴/r/n中。/r/n如是/r/n再嚙，石/r/n又/r/n再轉(zhuǎn)。/r/n轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)不/r/n已，遂/r/n反/r/n溯流逆上矣。/r/n求之/r/n下流，固顛;/r/n求之/r/n地中,不更顛/r/n乎?”如其/r/n言,/r/n果/r/n得/r/n于數(shù)/r/n里外。然則天下/r/n之事,/r/n但知其/r/nー,/r/n不知其二者多/r/n矣，/r/n可據(jù)理臆斷/r/n歟?/r/n（紀(jì)旳《河中石獸》）/r/n（1）/r/n用/r/n“/”標(biāo)出/r/n下面句子的朗讀停頓。（標(biāo)兩處）/r/n可以泥錮吾門/r/n（2）/r/n解釋下列加點(diǎn)的字詞。/r/n①如層凡六日:/r/n②遂承與發(fā)其封:/r/n③拿不可得：/r/n④轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)/r/n不/r/nW：/r/n（3）/r/n用現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯/r/n下列/r/n句子。/r/n①未嘗畫于長安中,寧有跡乎?/r/n②爾輩不能究物理。/r/n（4）/r/n聯(lián)系/r/n上下/r/n文,/r/n揣摩甲文中畫橫線的句/r/n子,/r/n說說寺僧此/r/n刻/r/n的心理。/r/n（5）/r/n甲、/r/n乙/r/n兩文都運(yùn)用了襯托的寫作手/r/n法，/r/n請分別舉例分析。/r/n（2021/r/n?南通）閱讀下面這篇文言文，完成問題。斗茶①記/r/n［宋］/r/n唐庚/r/n①政和二/r/n年三/r/n月壬/r/n戍,/r/n二三/r/n君子相與斗茶于寄傲齋②。予為取龍?zhí)?r/n水/r/n烹之而第其品，以某/r/n為/r/n上,某次之。某閩/r/n入，/r/n其所赍③宜尤高,而/r/n又次/r/n之。然/r/n大/r/n較④皆精絕。/r/n②蓋嘗以為天下/r/n之/r/n物/r/n有/r/n宜得而不得，/r/n不/r/n宜得而得之者。富貴有力/r/n之人，或/r/n有所不能/r/n致，/r/n而貧賤窮厄、流離遷徙之中，或偶然獲焉。/r/n所謂‘’尺有/r/n所短，寸/r/n有/r/n所/r/n長”，/r/n良不虛也。唐相李衛(wèi)公好飲惠山泉,置驛傳送，不遠(yuǎn)數(shù)千里。而近世歐陽少師作《龍茶錄》，序稱嘉褚七年親饗明堂,致齋之/r/nタ，/r/n始/r/n以小/r/n團(tuán)分賜二府，/r/n人給/r/nー餅,不/r/n敢/r/n碾試，至/r/n今/r/n藏之。時熙寧元年也。吾聞茶不問團(tuán)鋌，要之⑤貴新;水不問江井，要之貴活。千里致/r/n水,/r/n真?zhèn)喂滩豢芍?就令識/r/n真，/r/n已非活水。自嘉祜七年壬寅至熙寧元年戊申,首尾七/r/n年,/r/n更閱三朝而賜茶猶在，此豈復(fù)有茶也/r/n哉!/r/n③今吾提瓶走龍?zhí)?無數(shù)十步，此/r/n水/r/n宜/r/n茶，昔人以為不/r/n減清遠(yuǎn)峽。而海道趨建安，/r/n不/r/n數(shù)日可至,故每歲新茶/r/n不/r/n過三月至矣。罪戾之/r/n余，/r/n上寬不誅，得/r/n與/r/n諸公從容談笑于此。汲泉煮/r/n茗，/r/n取/r/nー/r/n時/r/n之/r/n適，雖在田野，孰與烹數(shù)千里/r/n之泉、/r/n澆七年之賜茗也/r/n哉?/r/n（節(jié)選自《眉山文集》，有刪改）/r/n［注釋］/r/n①斗/r/n茶：/r/n流行于/r/n宋代/r/n的一/r/n種/r/n品評茶葉高下的游戲。②寄微齋：唐庚被貶惠州時讀書、品茗、會客/r/n之/r/n室。③赍/r/n（ji）:/r/n攜帶。④大較:大略,大體。⑤要/r/n之:/r/n總/r/n之。/r/n（1）/r/n請用/r/n“/”/r/n標(biāo)出下面句子的朗讀停頓。（共兩處）/r/n昔人/r/n以/r/n為不減清遠(yuǎn)峽/r/n（2）/r/n請寫出下列句子中加點(diǎn)詞的意思。/r/n①/r/n二三/r/n君子/r/n相/r/n與斗茶于寄傲齋:/r/n②其所赍宜本高:/r/n③或有所不能蒙:/r/n④更圓三朝而賜茶猶在：/r/n（3）/r/n請用現(xiàn)代漢語寫出第②段畫線句的意思。/r/n唐相李衛(wèi)公好飲惠山泉,置驛傳送,不遠(yuǎn)數(shù)千里。/r/n（4）/r/n細(xì)讀文章，品/r/n味/r/n加點(diǎn)/r/n詞，/r/n體會作者的心境。/r/n得與諸公從容談笑于此。/r/n（5）/r/n閱讀全文，回答問題。/r/n①對本文理解分析有誤的ー項是/r/nA./r/n文章開頭即交代/r/n斗/r/n茶的時間、地點(diǎn)及/r/n人物，/r/n敘述清晰。/r/nB./r/n這一次斗茶的/r/n水/r/n是不一樣的，都是/r/n客人/r/n自己帶來的。/r/nC./r/n文中對李衛(wèi)公之/r/n水/r/n提出了質(zhì)疑,認(rèn)為奔波千里取來的水/r/n已/r/n不是活水。/r/nD./r/n文章/r/n名為/r/n《斗茶記》,但/r/n對斗茶/r/n一事卻ー筆帶過,重在生發(fā)議論。/r/n②作者多次運(yùn)用對比手法闡述觀點(diǎn)。理解文章內(nèi)容，把下面的圖表補(bǔ)充完整。/r/n5./r/n（2021/r/n?鎮(zhèn)江）閱讀文言文（選段），完成問題。/r/n慶歷/r/n初,/r/n元昊圍麟州二十七日。/r/n知州/r/n募吏民有能通信求援于外者。王吉應(yīng)募。知州問：'’須幾/r/n人從行?”吉日:“今/r/n虜騎百重,無所用/r/n眾?！闭?r/n禿發(fā),/r/n衣/r/n胡服，/r/n挾/r/n弓矢，赍◎糧餉，/r/n為胡人。夜/r/n繾②而/r/n出，/r/n遇/r/n虜問，/r/n則為胡語答之。兩晝夜，然后/r/n出/r/n虜寨之/r/n外,/r/n走詣府州告急。府州遣將兵救/r/n之，/r/n吉復(fù)間道入城，城中皆呼萬歲。/r/n吉嘗從都監(jiān)王凱及中貴/r/n人@/r/n將兵數(shù)千/r/n人,/r/n猝遇虜/r/n數(shù)萬/r/n騎。中貴人惶/r/n恐,以/r/n手帛自經(jīng)④，吉日：“官何/r/n患不死?何不/r/n且/r/n令/r/n王吉與虜戰(zhàn)?/r/n若/r/n吉不勝，/r/n死未晚/r/n也?！币蚴蛊渥笥覕?shù)/r/n人守中貴人,曰:“貴人有不虞⑤,當(dāng)盡斬若屬セ”因?qū)⑺肯鹊?射殺虜大將,虜眾大奔,眾軍乘之，虜墜崖死者萬余人。/r/n吉每與虜戰(zhàn)，所發(fā)不過一矢，/r/n即/r/n舍弓肉袒而/r/n入,/r/n手殺/r/n數(shù)人，/r/n然后/r/n反，曰:“/r/n及/r/n其/r/n張弓挾/r/n矢之/r/n時,直往抱/r/n之,/r/n使彼倉卒無以拒吾，而/r/n成/r/n擒矣。吾前后數(shù)/r/n入/r/n其陣，未嘗發(fā)兩矢也?！?r/n時/r/n又/r/n有張節(jié),與吉齊/r/n名，/r/n皆/r/n不/r/n至顯官而卒。/r/n（選自宋/r/n?/r/n司馬/r/n光/r/n《流/r/n水記聞》，有刪改）/r/n【注/r/n釋】/r/n①赍/r/n（ji）:/r/n攜帶。②繾/r/n（zhui）：/r/n用繩子栓著/r/n人、/r/n物從高處往下送。③中貴/r/n人:/r/n專稱顯貴的侍/r/n從/r/n官官。④經(jīng)：上吊。⑤虞：意料,預(yù)/r/n料。/r/n⑥若屬:你們這些/r/n人。/r/n（1）/r/n解釋下列句中加點(diǎn)的詞語。/r/n①請禿發(fā)，/r/n本/r/n胡服/r/n②走承府州告急/r/n③因貓所部先登/r/n④手殺/r/n數(shù)人，/r/n然后/r/n反/r/n（2）/r/n用現(xiàn)代漢語寫出下面兩個句子的意思。/r/n①知州募/r/n吏/r/n民有能通信/r/n求/r/n援于/r/n外/r/n者。/r/n②官何患不死?/r/n（3）/r/n王吉智勇/r/n雙全,/r/n他的/r/n“智”/r/n表現(xiàn)在哪里?請概括。/r/n（4）/r/n最后一段蘊(yùn)含作者怎樣的褒貶?/r/n（2020/r/n?宿/r/n遷）閱讀下面的文言/r/n文，/r/n完成下列各題。/r/n龐安常傳/r/n龐安時,宇安常，新州嶄/r/n水人。/r/n兒時能讀書，過目聊記。/r/n父，世/r/n醫(yī)/r/n也，/r/n授/r/n以《脈/r/n訣》。安時/r/n曰：“/r/n是不足/r/n為/r/n也?！?r/n獨(dú)/r/n取黃帝、扁鵲之脈節(jié)治之，未/r/n久，/r/n已能通其說，時出新意，辯詰不可屈①,/r/n父/r/n大驚，時年猶未冠。/r/n為人/r/n治病，率十愈八九，踵/r/n門求/r/n診者為辟邸舍居/r/n之/r/n親視藥物必愈而后遣:其不可/r/n為/r/n者,必實(shí)告/r/n之，/r/n不復(fù)為/r/n治，/r/n智/r/n人/r/n無/r/n數(shù)。/r/n病家持金帛/r/n來謝，/r/n不盡取也。/r/n嘗詣舒②之桐城,/r/n有/r/n民家婦孕將產(chǎn),數(shù)日而子/r/n不/r/n下，百/r/n術(shù)/r/n無所效。安時/r/n之/r/n弟子李百全適在傍舍,邀安時往視之。/r/nオ見，/r/n即連呼不死，/r/n令/r/n其家人以湯溫其腰腹,/r/n自為/r/n上下/r/n拊/r/n摩。/r/n孕/r/n者覺腸胃/r/n微/r/n痛,呻吟間生一男。其家驚/r/n喜,/r/n而/r/n不知所以/r/n然。安時日:“兒/r/n己出/r/n胞,/r/n而/r/n一手誤執(zhí)母/r/n腸③,/r/n不復(fù)能/r/n脫,/r/n故/r/n非/r/n符藥所能為。吾隔腹捫兒手所在,/r/n針其/r/n虎口④,既/r/n痛/r/n即縮/r/n手,/r/n所以遽/r/n生,無/r/n他/r/n術(shù)也?！?r/n取兒視之，/r/n右手虎口針痕存焉，/r/n其/r/n妙/r/n如此/r/n。/r/n年五十八而/r/n疾/r/n作，門/r/n人/r/n請自視/r/n脈,/r/n笑/r/n日:“/r/n吾察之審/r/n矣，/r/n且/r/n出入/r/n息亦/r/n脈/r/n也，/r/n今/r/n胃氣已絕,死/r/n矣。”/r/n遂/r/n屏卻/r/n藥餌,后數(shù)日，與/r/n客/r/n坐語而/r/n卒。/r/n（選自《宋史》，有刪改）/r/n［注釋］/r/n①屈：使/r/n……/r/n屈服。/r/n②/r/n舒：舒/r/n州,/r/n今安/r/n徽/r/n潛/r/n山市。/r/n③腸：據(jù)文意，此處指臍帶。④虎口:大拇指和食指相連部位。/r/n（1）/r/n解釋下列加點(diǎn)的詞。/r/n①過/r/n目輒記 /r/n②徜人無數(shù)/r/n③以湯/r/n溫/r/n其腰腹/r/n④而/r/n不知/r/n所以/r/n然/r/n（2）/r/n用/r/n“/”/r/n標(biāo)出下面句子的朗/r/n讀停頓/r/n。（標(biāo)三處）/r/n踵/r/n門/r/n求診者為/r/n辟/r/n邸/r/n舍居/r/n之/r/n親視藥物必愈而后遣/r/n（3）/r/n下列有關(guān)古代/r/n文學(xué)、/r/n文化常識表述不正/r/n確/r/n的/r/n一項是/r/nA./r/n標(biāo)題中/r/n的“傳”，/r/n是指/r/n“傳記”,/r/n是/r/n用/r/n來記錄/r/n人物/r/n生平、事跡的/r/nー/r/n種/r/n文體。/r/nB./r/n古人/r/n根據(jù)名中的字/r/n義/r/n另/r/n取的/r/n別名為/r/n“字”,古人/r/n一般/r/n都有“/r/n名”有‘‘字”。/r/nC./r/n“時年猶未冠”中的“冠”指/r/n弱冠,/r/n特指男子/r/n25/r/n歲/r/n時束發(fā)/r/n加冠/r/n的/r/n成人/r/n禮。/r/nD./r/n古代“金”/r/n常常指錢/r/n,“帛”/r/n是絲織品總/r/n稱,古人/r/n常用“金帛”/r/n來指代財/r/n物。/r/n（4）/r/n用/r/n現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯下面的/r/n句/r/n子。/r/n取兒視/r/n之，右手/r/n虎口針痕存焉，其妙/r/n如/r/n此。/r/n（5）/r/n文中/r/n的龐安常是ー個怎樣的/r/n人?/r/n請簡要概括。/r/n（2020/r/n?南/r/n通）/r/n閱讀/r/n下面這篇文言/r/n文，/r/n完成問題。/r/n楊/r/n萬里傳①（節(jié)選）/r/n①楊萬里，字廷/r/n秀，/r/n吉/r/n州/r/n吉水人。/r/n中紹興二十/r/n四/r/n年進(jìn)土第，為贛州司戶，/r/n調(diào)永州/r/n零陵/r/n丞。/r/n時張浚謫/r/n永，/r/n杜門謝客。/r/n萬里/r/n三/r/n往/r/n不得見，以書カ/r/n請始見/r/n之。/r/n浚/r/n勉以/r/n“正心/r/n誠意”/r/n之學(xué),/r/n萬里服其教終身,乃名讀書之室日“誠齋”。/r/n②浚入相,薦/r/n之/r/n朝。尋提舉廣東常平茶鹽。/r/n盜/r/n沈師犯南粵,/r/n率照/r/n往/r/n平之。孝宗/r/n稱之日“/r/n仁者/r/n之勇”，/r/n遂/r/n有大用/r/n意。/r/n③淳熙/r/n十二年五月，應(yīng)詔上書/r/n日:/r/n臣聞言/r/n有事于/r/n無事/r/n之/r/n時,不害其為忠;/r/n言/r/n無事于有事/r/n之/r/n時，/r/n其/r/n為奸也/r/n大/r/n矣。/r/n陛下/r/n以/r/n今日/r/n為/r/n何等/r/n時耶?/r/n金人/r/n日/r/n逼，疆場日擾，而未聞防/r/n金人/r/n者何策，保/r/n疆/r/n場者何/r/n道。愿/r/n陛下超然遠(yuǎn)覽/r/n，昭/r/n然遠(yuǎn)寤。/r/n勿/r/n以海道為無虞，勿/r/n以/r/n大江為可/r/n恃。增/r/n屯聚糧，/r/n治艦/r/n扼險。姑置不急/r/n之務(wù)，/r/n精專備敵/r/n之/r/n策。/r/n④東/r/n宮講官/r/n闕②，/r/n帝親擢萬里/r/n為侍/r/n讀。/r/n宮僚以得端人③相賀。他日/r/n讀/r/n《陸宣/r/n公/r/n奏議》等書，皆隨事規(guī)警，/r/n太子/r/n深敬之。王淮為相，/r/n一日/r/n問/r/n日:“/r/n宰相先務(wù)者何事?/r/n”萬里日:“/r/n人才。”/r/n又問:“熟為/r/nオ?”即/r/n疏/r/n朱熹、袁/r/n樞/r/n以下六十/r/n人以/r/n獻(xiàn)?；?r/n次第/r/n擢用/r/n之。/r/n⑤開禧/r/n二/r/n年,/r/n阿韓件/r/n胄?/r/n撞/r/n開邊釁,/r/n憤惋/r/n不食,/r/n手書八十四言,擲筆落/r/n坐/r/n而逝。/r/n⑥萬里精于詩，著《易傳》行于/r/n世。/r/n光宗嘗為書“誠齋”二字,學(xué)者稱誠齋/r/n先生，/r/n謚文/r/n-H-/r/n【注/r/n釋】/r/n①選自（宋史》,有刪改。/r/n②闕：/r/n同/r/n“缺”。/r/n③端/r/n人:/r/n正直/r/n的/r/n人。/r/n④韓優(yōu)（/r/ntuo）/r/n胄:/r/n南宋/r/n大臣。/r/n（1）/r/n用/r/n“/”/r/n標(biāo)出下面句子的朗/r/n讀停頓/r/n。（標(biāo)兩處）/r/n而/r/n未聞防/r/n金人者/r/n何策/r/n（2）/r/n解釋/r/n下列加點(diǎn)/r/n的詞。/r/n①乃名讀書之室/r/n日/r/n“誠齋”/r/n②率獨(dú)往/r/n平/r/n之/r/n③熟為オ/r/n④聞/r/n韓院/r/n胄撞/r/n開邊釁/r/n（3）/r/n用/r/n現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯下面的句子。/r/n萬里/r/n三/r/n往不得/r/n見,/r/n以書カ請始見/r/n之。/r/n（4）/r/n閱讀/r/n全文，/r/n回答/r/n問題。/r/n①對/r/n本文/r/n理解/r/n和/r/n分析有誤的/r/n一項是/r/nA./r/n張浚以/r/n“正心誠意”/r/n之/r/n學(xué)/r/n勉勵/r/n楊萬里,/r/n入相/r/n后/r/n又把他推薦給朝廷。/r/nB./r/n楊萬里應(yīng)詔上書,勸諫/r/n皇帝/r/n“增屯聚/r/n糧,/r/n治艦扼/r/n險”。/r/nC./r/n擔(dān)任侍讀，楊萬里主動向太子推/r/n薦人才，/r/n因此/r/n“太子/r/n深敬之”。/r/nD./r/n末段中“學(xué)者稱誠齋先生,謚文節(jié)”一句，暗含了對楊萬里學(xué)識人品的肯定。/r/n②人物傳記是記述人物生平事跡的作品，本文卻用較大篇幅引用了楊萬里的奏章,這樣/r/n寫是否恰當(dāng)?說說你的看法和理由。/r/n（5）/r/n下面兩句話用不同的句式向/r/n皇帝/r/n指出當(dāng)/r/n前/r/n形勢,語氣和表達(dá)效果各有什么不同?/r/n【甲】/r/n此誠危急存亡/r/n之/r/n秋也。（諸葛亮/r/n《出師/r/n表》）/r/n【乙】/r/n陛下以今日/r/n為/r/n何等/r/n時耶?（《宋史/r/n?楊/r/n萬里傳》）/r/n（2020/r/n?常州）閱讀文言選段,完成下列各題。/r/n［甲］/r/n雖/r/n有/r/n聚/r/n君,/r/n弗食,不知其/r/n旨/r/n也;/r/n雖有至道，/r/n弗學(xué),/r/n不知其善也/r/n。是故學(xué)然后/r/n知/r/n不足，/r/n教然后/r/n知/r/n團(tuán)。知不足，然后能自反也;知/r/n困,/r/n然后能自強(qiáng)/r/n也。/r/n故日:教學(xué)/r/n相長/r/n也?！秲睹?r/n日/r/n“學(xué)/r/n學(xué)半，，,/r/n其此之謂乎!/r/n（選自《〈禮/r/n記〉/r/n二則》）/r/n［乙］/r/n少時閱唐宋/r/n以來/r/n諸詩家，不終卷，而/r/n己之オ/r/n思涌出。遂不能息/r/n心/r/n凝慮①,/r/n究/r/n極/r/n本領(lǐng)。不過如世之選家,略得/r/n去/r/n修/r/n而/r/n已。晩年無事,取諸家全集，/r/n円テ/r/n展玩②,始知其真才分、真/r/n境地。/r/n覺向之/r/n所見,/r/n猶僅十/r/n之/r/n二三/r/n也/r/n。/r/n因磔自愧悔:使數(shù)十年前,早從此尋/r/n繹③,/r/n得識各家/r/n獨(dú)/r/n至/r/n之處,/r/n與之相上下④,/r/n其/r/nォ高者,可/r/n以/r/n擴(kuò)吾之/r/nオ;其/r/n功深者,可以進(jìn)吾之功；必將挫籠參會⑤,自成一家。/r/n惜/r/n乎老至耄⑥/r/n及,/r/n精力已衰,/r/n不/r/n復(fù)能與古人爭勝。然猶幸老而從事于此,雖不能/r/n力/r/n追,而尚能見至り，/r/n差/r/n勝⑦于/r/n孥/r/n身不窺堂奧者。/r/n（選自清/r/n?趙/r/n翼⑧/r/n《く甌/r/n北/r/n詩話〉/r/n小引》）/r/n［注釋］/r/n①息心凝慮;靜心思考。②展玩:展讀,賞玩。/r/n③/r/n尋繹;/r/n探求/r/n推理。④相上下;/r/n相比較。/r/n⑤挫籠/r/n參會;/r/n吸收、綜合和比較。⑥耄:八九十歲。⑦差勝;略微超過。⑧趙翼:清代文學(xué)家，/r/n常州/r/n人,/r/n乾隆進(jìn)士。《甌北詩話》是趙翼的詩論專著,選文是這本書的自序。/r/n（1）/r/n解釋下列加點(diǎn)的詞。/r/n①教然/r/n后知/r/n理 /r/n②學(xué)學(xué)半/r/n③芯極本領(lǐng)/r/n /r/n④尋ヨ展玩/r/n⑤因磔自愧悔/r/n（2）/r/n用/r/n現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯下列句/r/n子。/r/n①雖有至道，弗/r/n學(xué)，/r/n不知其善也。/r/n②覺向/r/n之/r/n所見，猶僅十/r/n之/r/n二三/r/n也。/r/n(3)/r/n請簡要/r/n分析/r/n乙/r/n文/r/n的寫作目的。/r/n(4)/r/n下列對甲、/r/n乙/r/n兩文的/r/n理解/r/n和分析,/r/n正確/r/n的/r/nー項是/r/nA./r/n選文中“嘉肴"''大概”“/r/n參會”“/r/n終身”四個詞的意思與現(xiàn)代漢語中的常用/r/n義/r/n相同。/r/nB./r/n《論語》中的“溫故知新”與甲文中的“教學(xué)相長”提示我們:學(xué)習(xí)方法靈活/r/n多樣,/r/n選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒梢约由顚χR的/r/n理解。/r/nC./r/n趙翼曾經(jīng)評論/r/n說很多/r/n人/r/n讀經(jīng)典/r/n是“矮人/r/n看戲何曾見,/r/n都/r/n是隨人說短/r/n長”,/r/n從/r/n乙/r/n文的“愧悔”來看,他自己也/r/n犯/r/n過相同的/r/n錯誤。/r/nD./r/n趙翼雖能“/r/n知/r/n不足”,/r/n但是不能“自/r/n反”,/r/n忘/r/n記了諸葛亮/r/n《誡/r/n子書》中的警告，晩年落得個“意與/r/n日/r/n去”“/r/n悲守窮廬”的結(jié)局。/r/n(2020/r/n?無/r/n錫)閱讀下文，回答問題。/r/n郭/r/n義/r/n官日和者，有田在/r/n會昌、/r/n瑞金/r/n之/r/n間。/r/n翁/r/n一日/r/n本田所，/r/n經(jīng)山中,/r/n見虎當(dāng)?shù)溃唏R避/r/n之，/r/n從/r/n他/r/n徑行/r/n。/r/n虎輒隨/r/n翁，/r/n馴擾不去。/r/n翁/r/n留/r/n妾守田舍,率ー歲中數(shù)/r/n至。/r/n翁還/r/n城,/r/n虎送之江上，入山/r/n而/r/n去。/r/n牛/r/n將至，虎復(fù)/r/n來。/r/n家人呼為/r/n“小/r/n豹”。每見虎/r/n來,/r/n其妾/r/n喜/r/n日:/r/n“小/r/n豹來，/r/n主/r/n且至。速為具飯!”語未畢,翁已在/r/n門/r/n矣。至則隨翁/r/n帖/r/n帖寢處,/r/n冬/r/n寒，臥翁足上/r/n以/r/n覆暖之。/r/n竟/r/n翁去,復(fù)入山。如是以為常。翁初以肉飼/r/n之,/r/n稍稍/r/n與/r/n米飯。故會昌人言郭/r/n義官/r/n塚虎。鎮(zhèn)守/r/n官聞，/r/n欲見之?；⒅镣ヅ叵?，庭中人盡イ.卜,翁亟/r/n將/r/n虎去。/r/n后數(shù)十年，虎暴死,翁亦尋卒/r/n。/r/n嘉靖/r/n癸丑，翁孫惠為/r/n昆山/r/n主簿，/r/n為/r/n予言/r/n此。/r/n又言歲大旱，禱/r/n雨/r/n不應(yīng)，眾強(qiáng)翁書表焚之。有神憑童子怒/r/n日:''今/r/n歲不應(yīng)有雨，奈何/r/n令/r/n郭/r/n義/r/n官來?今則不得不雨?！表?r/n之,/r/n潮/r/n雨/r/n大降。然翁平日為人誠/r/n樸，/r/n無異術(shù)也。/r/n(選/r/n自歸有光《書郭/r/n義/r/n官事》)/r/n(1)/r/n下列句中的''/r/n之”/r/n與/r/n“翁/r/n一日/r/n之田所”中的/r/n“之”,/r/n用法相同的/r/n一項是/r/nA,/r/n已/r/n而之細(xì)/r/n柳軍/r/nB./r/n何/r/n陋/r/n書有/r/nC./r/n屬予作文以記之/r/nD./r/n頃/r/n考,/r/n樹/r/n雨/r/n大降/r/n(2)/r/n下列對文章內(nèi)容理解/r/n有/r/n錯誤的ー項是/r/nA,/r/n郭/r/n義/r/n官留妾看守他在會昌、/r/n瑞金/r/n間的/r/n田產(chǎn)，/r/n他到/r/n那里/r/n去需要跋山涉水。/r/nB,/r/n郭/r/n義/r/n官/r/n遇/r/n到的虎很有/r/n靈/r/n性：/r/n他/r/n回/r/n城,虎就/r/n回/r/n山;/r/n他/r/n來之前,虎已/r/n先/r/n到/r/n田舍。/r/nC./r/n郭/r/n義/r/n官的妾/r/n知道/r/n他/r/n喜/r/n歡這頭虎，/r/n一/r/n看/r/n到/r/n虎來,她就吩咐/r/n家人/r/n為虎準(zhǔn)備吃食。/r/nD,/r/n郭義/r/n官/r/n應(yīng)眾人要求/r/n寫表/r/n求/r/n雨,神靈雖怒/r/n卻/r/n不得不違背天意,降下/r/n樹/r/n雨。/r/n（3）/r/n解釋/r/n下列句中加點(diǎn)的詞。/r/n①ヒ匕將至/r/n②郭義官/r/n坂/r/n虎/r/n③庭/r/n中人/r/n盡/r/nイ,/r/n卜/r/n（4）/r/n用/r/n現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯下列句子。/r/n①見虎當(dāng)?shù)?策馬避/r/n之,從/r/n他/r/n徑行。/r/n②后/r/n數(shù)十年，虎暴死，翁亦尋/r/n卒。/r/n（2020/r/n?鎮(zhèn)/r/n江）閱讀下面文言/r/n文,/r/n完成問題。/r/n①瑋?/r/n知秦州。西蕃/r/n犯/r/n塞，候騎報虜②將至,瑋方飲啖自若。壩/r/nセ,/r/n報虜去/r/n城/r/n數(shù)里,/r/n乃起/r/n貫/r/n戴?,以帛纏/r/n身，令數(shù)人/r/n申/r/n之，/r/n身/r/n停/r/n不動。上馬出城，/r/n望/r/n見虜陣有僧奔馬徑往來于陣前檢/r/n校,/r/n瑋問左右/r/n日:‘‘/r/n彼/r/n布/r/n陣乃用僧耶?/r/n”對/r/n日:/r/n“/r/n不然，/r/n此/r/n虜之貴/r/n人/r/n也/r/n?！艾|問軍中誰善射者，/r/n眾/r/n言李超?，|即呼超指示/r/n之，日：“汝/r/n能取彼/r/n否?”/r/n對/r/n日：“/r/n愿/r/n得五十騎,/r/n可/r/n以取之?！?r/n瑋/r/n以百騎/r/n與之,敕日：“/r/n不獲而/r/n返,/r/n當(dāng)/r/n死。”/r/n遂進(jìn)/r/n至虜陣前，騎/r/n左右/r/n開,/r/n超射/r/n之，/r/n一/r/n發(fā)/r/n而斃。/r/n于/r/n是，/r/n虜鳴笳/r/n而単。/r/n瑋以大軍征之,/r/n虜眾/r/n大敗,出塞窮追,俘斬/r/n萬計，/r/n改邊鑿/r/n濠。西邊/r/n由是懾服，至/r/n今不/r/n敢犯塞，每言及瑋，則加手于額，/r/n呼之為父?云。/r/n②瑋在/r/n秦/r/n州，/r/n有/r/n士卒/r/n十/r/n余人，/r/n叛赴虜中。軍吏來告,瑋方與客弈/r/n棋,/r/n不應(yīng)。/r/n軍吏亟⑤言/r/n之,/r/n瑋/r/n怒,/r/n叱/r/n之/r/n日：/r/n“/r/n吾固/r/n遣之/r/n去，汝/r/n再三顯言耶/r/n?/r/n”/r/n虜聞/r/n之,/r/n亟/r/n⑥歸告/r/n其/r/n將,盡殺之。/r/n（選自宋/r/n?/r/n司馬光《流/r/n水記/r/n聞》，/r/n有刪改）/r/n【注釋】/r/n①瑋:曹瑋,北宋名將。②虜：指/r/n西蕃軍。/r/n③貫/r/n戴：/r/n穿/r/n戴。/r/n④/r/n父：古代對/r/n男子的美稱。/r/n⑤亟/r/n（qi）：/r/n屢次。⑥亟/r/n（ji）：/r/n同/r/n“急”。/r/n（1）/r/n解釋/r/n下列句中/r/n加點(diǎn)的詞。/r/n①頃/r/n之，/r/n報虜去城/r/n數(shù)/r/n里 /r/n②令/r/n數(shù)人手之/r/n③瑋/r/n以百騎/r/n與之/r/n④虜鳴笳而遁/r/n（2）/r/n用/r/n現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯/r/n下列句/r/n子。/r/n①不/r/n然，/r/n此虜之貴/r/n人/r/n也。/r/n②吾固遣/r/n之去，汝/r/n再三/r/n顯言耶?/r/n“瑋方飲啖/r/n自若”/r/n這ー細(xì)節(jié)是大將曹瑋在突發(fā)事件/r/n面前/r/n的反應(yīng)，在另一突發(fā)事件中/r/n類似的/r/nー/r/n個句子/r/n是:“ノ/r/n（4）/r/n結(jié)合/r/n具體事件,/r/n簡要/r/n分析曹瑋將軍用了哪兩個計謀。/r/n（2019/r/n?南/r/n通）/r/n閱讀/r/n下面的文言/r/n文,/r/n完成下列各題。/r/n①文天祥/r/n電潮/r/n陽，/r/n鄒/r/n汎、劉子俊皆集師會/r/n之,/r/n遂討劇盜陳/r/n懿、/r/n劉興于潮。/r/n興/r/n死，/r/n懿/r/n遁,/r/n以/r/n海舟導(dǎo)張弘范/r/n兵濟(jì)潮陽。/r/n天祥/r/n帥/r/n麾下/r/n走/r/n海豐，先鋒將張弘正追之。天祥方飯五坡嶺,弘正兵突至,眾不及戰(zhàn),天祥遂被執(zhí)。/r/n劉子俊自詭為天祥,冀天祥/r/n可/r/n間走也。/r/n別隊執(zhí)天祥至，相/r/n遇/r/n于途，/r/n各/r/n爭真?zhèn)巍５脤?shí)，遂烹/r/n子/r/n俊。天祥/r/n至/r/n潮陽，見弘/r/n范。/r/n左右/r/n命/r/n之/r/n拜，天/r/n樣/r/n不屈。弘范曰:“忠/r/n義人/r/n也?！?r/n②弘范/r/n由山/r/n東轉(zhuǎn)而南，/r/n入/r/n大洋，與世/r/n杰/r/n之師相遇，薄/r/n之，/r/n且出奇兵斷宋軍汲路，/r/n世杰/r/n舟堅不能動。弘范乃希載茅茨/r/n①,/r/n沃/r/n以/r/n膏/r/n脂，乘風(fēng)縱/r/n火焚/r/n之。世杰戰(zhàn)覘皆涂/r/n泥,/r/n縛長木/r/n以拒火，/r/n舟不/r/n熱②,/r/n弘/r/n范/r/n無如/r/n之/r/n何。/r/n時世杰有韓氏/r/n甥,/r/n在弘范軍中，弘/r/n范/r/n署③為萬戶府經(jīng)歷，/r/n三/r/n道諭禍/r/n福。/r/n世杰不/r/n從,曰：“/r/n吾知/r/n降，/r/n生且富貴。但為主死，/r/n不移/r/n也!”因歷數(shù)古忠臣/r/n以/r/n答之。弘范/r/n乃/r/n強(qiáng)文天祥為書招世杰。天祥/r/n曰:“/r/n吾/r/n不能捍/r/n父母，乃/r/n教人叛/r/n父母,/r/n可乎?/r/n”/r/n固強(qiáng)/r/n之,/r/n天祥遂書所過/r/n《零/r/n丁洋詩》與之,/r/n其/r/n末有/r/n云：“人生/r/n自古誰無/r/n死,/r/n留取/r/n丹心照/r/n汗/r/n青!”弘/r/n范/r/n笑而/r/n止。/r/n③/r/n天祥至柴/r/n市，/r/n觀者/r/n萬人。/r/n臨刑，殊從容，問市人/r/n曰：“/r/n孰南面?/r/n”/r/n或有指之者,/r/n即/r/n向/r/n南再/r/n拜/r/n而/r/n死。年四十七。/r/n④廬陵/r/n張千載/r/n者，/r/n天祥友也。天祥貴顯時,屢/r/n以/r/n官/r/n辟④，/r/n不/r/n就。/r/n臨安既破,天祥自廣還，過/r/n吉州/r/n城下，千載來見,/r/n曰:“/r/n丞相赴/r/n北,/r/n千載當(dāng)僧/r/n行?！?r/n既至燕,寓天祥囚所側(cè)/r/n近,/r/n日/r/n以/r/n美饌饋，凡/r/n三年,/r/n始終如/r/nー。/r/n且潛/r/n制/r/nー/r/n棲，/r/n天祥受刑日，/r/n即/r/n以藏其首。/r/n人以為/r/n忠孝所感。/r/n（節(jié)選自《續(xù)資治通鑒》，有刪改）/r/n【注/r/n釋】/r/n①/r/n茅茨：茅草。/r/n②蕪/r/n（ru6）:/r/n燒。/r/n③/r/n署:委任。④辟：召,征召。/r/n（1）/r/n請用斜線/r/n（。/r/n標(biāo)出下面句/r/n子/r/n的朗讀/r/n停頓。/r/n（共兩處）/r/n天祥/r/n帥/r/n麾下走海/r/n豐/r/n（2）/r/n請寫出下列句子中/r/n加點(diǎn)/r/n詞的意思。/r/n①文天祥電/r/n潮/r/n陽：/r/n②弘范乃サ載茅茨:/r/n③三道諭禍/r/n福:/r/n④千載當(dāng)價行:/r/n（3）/r/n請用現(xiàn)/r/n代/r/n漢語寫出第①自然段畫線句的意思。/r/n劉子俊自詭為天祥,冀天祥可間走也。/r/n（4）/r/n閱讀/r/n全文,/r/n回答問題。/r/n①哪個詞高度概括/r/n了文/r/n天祥的精神品質(zhì)?/r/n②全文/r/n從/r/n哪幾個側(cè)面表現(xiàn)了文天祥的精神品質(zhì)?請簡要概括。/r/n（5）/r/n孟子說:“富貴不能/r/n淫，/r/n貧賤不能/r/n移,/r/n威武不能屈,此之謂/r/n大丈夫?！?r/n請結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容談?wù)勀銓?r/n“大丈夫”/r/n的/r/n理解。/r/n（2019/r/n?無/r/n錫）/r/n（一）/r/n于謙，字廷益，錢塘/r/n人。/r/n舉永樂十九年進(jìn)土。/r/n十三/r/n年/r/n以/r/n兵部左侍郎召。明年/r/n秋，/r/n也先@/r/n大入/r/n寇，王/r/n振/r/n挾帝親/r/n征。/r/n謙與尚書邙埜/r/n極諫，/r/n不聽。/r/n埜從/r/n治兵,留謙理部事。及駕陷土木②,京師大震,眾莫/r/n知/r/n所為。郵王監(jiān)國，命群臣議戰(zhàn)守。侍講徐理言星/r/n象有變,/r/n當(dāng)/r/n南遷。謙厲聲日:“言南遷者，可斬也。京師/r/n天下/r/n根本,/r/nー動則/r/n大事去/r/n矣，/r/n獨(dú)/r/n不/r/n見宋南渡事/r/n乎!”/r/n王是其言,/r/n守議乃/r/n定。/r/n時京師勁甲精騎皆陷沒,所余疲卒/r/n不及十萬,人心/r/n震/r/n恐，/r/n上下無固志。謙請王檄取兩京及各地軍馬，亟赴京師。/r/n以/r/n次經(jīng)畫部署，/r/n人心稍/r/n安。即遷本部尚書。/r/n初，大臣憂國無主,太子方/r/n幼，/r/n寇且/r/n至,/r/n請皇太后立郵/r/n王。王/r/n驚謝至再。謙揚(yáng)言日：/r/n“臣/r/n等誠憂國家，非/r/n為私計/r/n。”王/r/n乃/r/n受命。九月，景帝立,謙入對/r/n，/r/nt/r/n康/r/n慨泣奏/r/n日:“/r/n寇得志，要留大駕，勢必輕中國，長驅(qū)而南。請飭諸邊守臣協(xié)カ防遏。京營兵械且盡，宜亟分道募民兵,/r/n令/r/n工部繕器甲。遣都督孫鎮(zhèn)、衛(wèi)穎、張軌、張儀、雷通分兵守九/r/n門/r/n要地,列營/r/n郭外。/r/n都御史楊善、給事中王亞參之。徙/r/n附/r/n郭居民/r/n入城。/r/n通州積/r/n糧，毋/r/n棄/r/n以/r/n資敵。至軍旅之/r/n事，臣/r/n身當(dāng)/r/n之，不/r/n效則治臣罪?！钡凵罴{之。/r/n謙/r/n既死,陳汝言代為兵部尚書。/r/n未/r/n一年敗,贓累巨萬。帝/r/n召/r/n大臣入視,愀然日：/r/n“于/r/n謙被遇景泰@朝,死無余資，/r/n汝/r/n言抑/r/n何/r/n多/r/n也!”/r/n眾大臣俯首不能對。/r/n【注】/r/n①也先:蒙古族瓦剌部落首領(lǐng)。②/r/n土木：/r/n即/r/n土木/r/n堡,地名。③景泰：明朝的/r/nー/r/n個年號。/r/n（1）/r/n下列句中的/r/n“以”/r/n與/r/n“毋/r/n棄/r/n以/r/n資敵”中的/r/n“以”/r/n的/r/n用法/r/n相同的/r/n一項是/r/n/r/nA./r/n先帝簡拔以遺陛下/r/nB./r/n策/r/n之不か其/r/n道/r/nC./r/n何不試之以/r/n足/r/nD,/r/n可/r/n以ー/r/n戰(zhàn)/r/n（2）/r/n下列/r/n對/r/n文章/r/n內(nèi)容/r/n理解/r/n有/r/n錯誤的ー項是/r/nA./r/n賊寇大舉入侵,徐/r/n理主張/r/n南遷,/r/n兵部左侍郎/r/n于/r/n謙為穩(wěn)定人/r/n心,/r/n極/r/nカ/r/n反對。/r/nB./r/n皇帝親征失/r/n利,京城/r/n精/r/n銳部隊/r/n喪失殆/r/n盡,于謙請/r/n求郵王發(fā)文調(diào)兵,解救京城/r/n危機(jī)。/r/nc./r/n國家危難之際,于謙擁郵王為帝,/r/n并/r/n向/r/n他/r/n進(jìn)言讓/r/n各邊境守/r/n臣/r/n招募民兵協(xié)カ防守。/r/nD./r/n于謙/r/n忠君愛國,為人正直,/r/n國/r/n難當(dāng)頭挺身/r/n而/r/n出，勇于擔(dān)當(dāng),為官清廉,死無余資。/r/n（3）/r/n解釋下列句中加點(diǎn)的詞/r/n。/r/nTOC\o"1-5"\h\z/r/n①埜叢治兵 從:/r/n②上下無屈志 固:/r/n③勢必攀中國 輕:/r/n④京營兵械耳盡 且:/r/n￠4）/r/n翻譯下列句子。/r/n①王是/r/n其/r/n言,守議乃定。/r/n②親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)/r/n小人，/r/n此先漢所以/r/n興隆也。/r/n（《出師表》）/r/n（2019/r/n?泰/r/n州）閱讀下面/r/n的/r/n文言語/r/n段，完成/r/n各題。/r/n任元受①事②/r/n母盡孝,母老/r/n多/r/n疾病,/r/n未嘗離/r/n左右。/r/n元受自/r/n言:“老母有/r/n疾,/r/n其得/r/n疾之由,/r/n或以飲食,或以/r/n燥濕,/r/n或以語話稍多,或/r/n以/r/n憂喜稍/r/n過。/r/n盡/r/n言皆朝暮候/r/n之,/r/n無毫發(fā)不盡，五臟六腑/r/n中/r/n事皆洞見曲折,/r/n不/r/n待/r/n切/r/n脈/r/n而/r/n后/r/n知,/r/n故用藥必/r/n效,/r/n雖名醫(yī)不迨@也/r/n?！睆埼汗?r/n都督,/r/n欲辟?/r/n之/r/n入幕。元受カ辭⑤日:“盡言方養(yǎng)親,使得一神丹可以長年,必持/r/n以/r/n遺老母,不以獻(xiàn)公。況能舍/r/n母/r/n而/r/n與/r/n公軍事/r/n耶?”/r/n魏公太息而許/r/n之/r/n。/r/n（節(jié)選/r/n自宋/r/n?陸游《老學(xué)庵筆記》）/r/n【注】/r/n①任元受:名盡/r/n言。②/r/n事:侍奉。/r/n③迨/r/n（dai）：/r/n及。/r/n④/r/n辟:征/r/n召。/r/n⑤/r/n辭:推辭。/r/n（1）/r/n解釋/r/n下列句中加點(diǎn)/r/n詞的/r/n意思。/r/n①未嘗/r/n離/r/n本/r/n有/r/n②或以語話舉多/r/n③盡言/r/n萬養(yǎng)親/r/n④必持/r/n以/r/n遇/r/n老母/r/n（2）/r/n下列各句與例句中/r/n“以"/r/n的意思相同的ー項是/r/n例句:其得疾/r/n之/r/n由,/r/n或以飲食/r/nA./r/n又/r/n留蚊于素帳中,徐噴以煙（《幼/r/n時記/r/n趣》）/r/nB./r/n雖多忌克，而能/r/n以/r/n天下事為己任/r/n（《趙/r/n普》）/r/nC./r/n策/r/n之/r/n不/r/n以其/r/n道，食/r/n之/r/n不能盡其/r/n材/r/n（《馬說》）/r/nD,/r/n不以/r/n物喜,/r/n不以/r/n己悲（《岳陽/r/n樓/r/n記》）/r/n（3）/r/n用/r/n“/”/r/n標(biāo)出/r/n下面句子的兩處朗讀停頓。/r/n雖名醫(yī)不迨也/r/n（4）/r/n翻譯/r/n下列句子/r/n①魏/r/n公太/r/n息而許之。/r/n譯文:/r/n /r/n②親賢臣,/r/n遠(yuǎn)/r/n小人/r/n此先漢所以/r/n興/r/n隆也。（《出師表》）/r/n譯文:/r/n /r/n（5）/r/n《老學(xué)庵筆記》是/r/n宋/r/n人/r/n筆記中的/r/n佼佼/r/n者。選文對任元受這ー形象的/r/n刻/r/n畫很出色,請簡要分析。/r/n（2019/r/n?徐州）閱讀文言文選段,/r/n完成小/r/n題題。/r/n吳既赦越，越王/r/n勾踐反/r/n國，/r/n乃/r/n苦/r/n身/r/n焦思,/r/n置膽/r/n于/r/n坐，坐/r/n臥即仰膽，/r/n飲食/r/n亦嘗膽也。/r/n日：'’女/r/n忘會稽/r/n之/r/n恥/r/n邪?/r/n”/r/n身/r/n自耕作,/r/n夫人/r/n自織，/r/n食不/r/n加/r/n肉，衣不/r/n重/r/n采,/r/n折/r/n節(jié)下賢/r/n人,/r/n厚遇賓/r/n客，/r/n賑貧吊/r/n死，與/r/n百姓同其勞。欲/r/n使/r/n范蠡治國/r/n政，/r/n蠡對/r/n日:“/r/n兵甲之/r/n事，/r/n種?/r/n不如/r/n盆:鎮(zhèn)撫國家，親附百姓，蠡不如種?！庇谑桥e國政屬大夫/r/n種,/r/n而/r/n使/r/n范蠡與大夫柘稽/r/n行成/r/n②，為質(zhì)③于吳。二歲而吳歸蠡。/r/n至明年春，吳王北/r/n會/r/n諸侯于黃池,吳國精兵從王，惟獨(dú)老弱/r/n與太子/r/n留守。勾踐/r/n伐/r/n吳,吳師敗，遂殺吳太子。吳告急/r/n于/r/n王。/r/n王方會/r/n諸侯于黃池懼天下聞之乃/r/n秘之/r/n。/r/n吳王已盟黃/r/n池，乃使人/r/n厚禮/r/n以請成/r/n越。/r/n其后四/r/n年，/r/n越復(fù)伐吳。吳土民罷④/r/n弊，/r/n輕銳盡/r/n死/r/n于齊、晉。而/r/n越/r/n大破吳。/r/n勾踐已平吳，/r/n乃以/r/n兵北渡淮,與齊、晉諸侯會于/r/n徐州，/r/n致貢于周。周元王使人賜勻踐脖⑤,命為伯。勾踐已/r/n去,/r/n渡淮南，/r/n以/r/n淮上地與/r/n楚，/r/n歸吳所侵宋地于宋，與魯泗東/r/n方/r/n百里。/r/n當(dāng)/r/n是時，越兵橫行于江、淮東,諸侯畢賀，號稱霸王。/r/n選自《史記?越王勾踐世家》，有刪改）/r/n注:/r/n①種:指/r/n越/r/n國大夫/r/n文/r/n種。②/r/n成:/r/n講/r/n和,/r/n和解,③質(zhì):人質(zhì)。④罷:通/r/n“?！?，/r/n⑤昨:祭肉。/r/n（1）/r/n用斜線/r/n“/”/r/n給下面/r/n句/r/n子/r/n斷/r/n句。（限兩處）/r/n王方/r/n會/r/n諸侯于黃池懼/r/n天下/r/n聞之乃秘之。/r/n（2）/r/n解釋下列加點(diǎn)的詞語。/r/n①越王勾踐/r/n區(qū)/r/n國/r/n②厚酒賓客/r/n③為質(zhì)于吳/r/n④勾踐已去/r/n（3）/r/n下列句中加點(diǎn)詞的意/r/n義和/r/n用法相同的ー項是 /r/nー/r/nA./r/n①欲便范蠡治國政/r/n②便老有所終/r/nB./r/n①于是舉國政層大夫種/r/n②忠之層也/r/nC./r/n①以淮上地/r/n與/r/n楚/r/n②念無與為樂者/r/nD./r/n①與魯泗東方百里/r/n②方欲/r/n行，/r/n轉(zhuǎn)視積薪后/r/n（4）/r/n用現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯下面的句子。/r/n①女忘會稽/r/n之恥/r/n邪?/r/n②當(dāng)是時，/r/n越/r/n兵橫行于江、/r/n淮東，/r/n諸侯畢賀，號稱霸王。/r/n（5）/r/n下列分析/r/n不/r/n愴當(dāng)?shù)末`項是/r/nA./r/n越王勾踐臥薪嘗膽的故事告訴世人，在艱難困苦中，應(yīng)刻苦自勵，發(fā)憤圖強(qiáng)。/r/nB./r/n范蠡有卓越的政治和軍事/r/n才能,/r/n他推/r/n薦文/r/n種并主動請繆前往吳國,/r/n表/r/n現(xiàn)了他舉賢任/r/n能、不/r/n怕犧牲的可貴品質(zhì)。/r/nC,/r/n越王勾踐趁著吳王在黃/r/n池/r/n與諸侯會盟,后/r/n方/r/n空虛/r/n之/r/n機(jī)，一舉打敗吳國留守的軍隊,/r/n殺/r/n了吳國太/r/n子,/r/n這是吳越爭霸的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。/r/nD./r/n吳王一方面被越國君臣表面假意示好所蒙騙,另一方面因/r/n為與其他/r/n諸侯的戰(zhàn)/r/n爭/r/n而使軍/r/n民疲憊不堪，/r/n導(dǎo)致了最終的失敗。/r/n（2018/r/n?泰/r/n州）閱讀下面的文言語/r/n段，/r/n完成下列各題。/r/n京師/r/n花木/r/n最古者，首給孤寺①.呂氏藤花，/r/n次/r/n則余家之青桐，皆數(shù)百年物也。/r/n……/r/n呂氏宅后售與髙/r/n太守/r/n兆煌,/r/n又/r/n轉(zhuǎn)售程主事振甲，藤今猶在,/r/n其/r/n架用/r/n梁棟之材,始/r/n能支拄。/r/n其/r/n陰覆廳事ー院，/r/n其/r/n蔓旁/r/n引,又/r/n覆西/r/n偏/r/n書室ー院。花時如紫/r/n云/r/n垂地,香氣襲/r/n衣。/r/n慕堂②/r/n在日,或自宴客,或/r/n友人/r/n借/r/n宴客,觴詠殆無/r/n虛/r/nタ③.迄今四十/r/n馀④/r/n年,再/r/n到曾/r/n游,已非/r/n舊/r/n主,殊笛之/r/n悲⑤。/r/n（節(jié)選自/r/n清/r/n?/r/n紀(jì)旳/r/n《閱微/r/n草堂/r/n筆/r/n記》，/r/n有/r/n刪減）/r/n【注】/r/n①給孤寺:寺名。②慕堂:/r/n呂/r/n元龍，乾隆時舉/r/n人，/r/n曾/r/n與作者同窗。③觴詠殆無/r/n虛/r/n夕：/r/n飲酒賦詩，幾乎沒有空過ー個晚上。④馀:/r/n同/r/n“余"。/r/n⑤鄰笛/r/n之悲:是哀念亡友的典故。/r/n（1）/r/n解釋下列句中加點(diǎn)詞的意思。/r/n①皆/r/n數(shù)百年物/r/n也/r/n②藤今/r/n數(shù)在/r/n③始能支拄/r/n④共蔓旁引/r/n（2）/r/n下列各句與例句中“其”的用法不承目的/r/nー項是/r/n例句:其架用梁棟之/r/n材，/r/n始能支拄/r/nA./r/n復(fù)前行，/r/n欲/r/n窮其林（《桃花源記》）/r/nB,/r/n其真無馬邪（《馬說》）/r/nC./r/n常/r/n蹲/r/n其身，使與臺齊（《幼時記趣》）/r/nD./r/n而/r/n計其長/r/n曾/r/n不/r/n盈/r/n寸（《核舟記》）/r/n（3）/r/n用"/"標(biāo)出下面句子的吧處朗讀/r/n停頓。/r/n次則余家之青桐/r/n（4）/r/n翻譯下列句子。/r/n①花時/r/n如/r/n紫/r/n云/r/n垂地，香氣襲衣。/r/n②浮光/r/n躍金，/r/n靜影沉璧。（《岳陽/r/n樓記》）/r/n（5）/r/n《閱微/r/n草堂筆記》/r/n流露/r/n出作者對/r/n理想/r/n生存狀態(tài)的追求,從選文可/r/n以/r/n看出紀(jì)旳追求怎樣的生存狀態(tài)?/r/n（2018/r/n?蘇/r/n州）閱讀/r/n下面的古詩/r/n文，/r/n完成下列各題。/r/n徐禎/r/n卿，/r/n字/r/n昌/r/n谷，吳縣/r/n人。/r/n資穎特，家/r/n不/r/n蓄/r/nー書,/r/n而無/r/n所不通/r/n。自為諸生，/r/n已/r/nエ/r/n詩/r/n歌。與里/r/n人/r/n唐寅/r/n善,/r/n寅/r/n言/r/n之沈/r/n周、/r/n楊循吉/r/nル,由/r/n是知名/r/n。舉弘治十八年進(jìn)士。孝宗/r/n遣/r/n中使問禎卿與/r/n華亭陸/r/n深名,深遂得館/r/n選②,而/r/n禎卿以/r/n貌/r/n寢/r/n不/r/n與。授大理/r/n左/r/n寺副，坐失囚，貶國子/r/n博士。/r/n禎卿少與祝允明、唐寅、文征明齊名，號/r/n“/r/n吳中四/r/n才子”。/r/n其為讀，/r/n喜/r/n白/r/n居易、

/r/n劉禹錫。既登第,與李/r/n夢/r/n陽、/r/n何/r/n景明/r/n游,/r/n悔/r/n其少/r/n作,改而趨漢、魏、盛唐,然故習(xí)猶在,/r/n夢/r/n陽譏其守而/r/n未/r/n化。/r/n禎卿體癖③神清,詩熔煉精警,為吳中詩人之冠，年雖不永，名滿士林。/r/n（節(jié)選自《明史》）/r/n【注】/r/n①沈周:明代繪畫大師，吳門畫派的創(chuàng)始人。楊循吉:與下文中的李夢陽、/r/n何/r/n景/r/n明、陸深同為明代文學(xué)家。②館選：被選任館職，即入職翰林院。③癖/r/n（qii）:/r/n瘦。/r/n（1）/r/n下面哪財級句子中加點(diǎn)詞的意義或用法般??/r/nA./r/n問禎卿與華亭陸/r/nA./r/n問禎卿與華亭陸/r/n深名/r/n名之者誰（《醉翁亭記》）/r/nB,/r/n與里/r/n人/r/n唐寅善/r/n京中/r/n有/r/n善口/r/n技/r/nB,/r/n與里/r/n人/r/n唐寅善/r/n京中/r/n有/r/n善口/r/n技/r/n者（《口技》）/r/nC./r/n而禎卿以貌寢/r/n不/r/n與/r/n以其境過清（《小石潭記》）/r/nD./r/n與李夢陽、何景明游/r/n又患無碩師名人與游（《送東陽馬生序》）/r/nE./r/n為吳中詩人之可/r/n朝服衣冠（《鄒忌諷齊王納諫》）/r/n（2）/r/n把文中畫線的句/r/n子/r/n翻/r/n譯成現(xiàn)/r/n代漢語。/r/n①資穎/r/n特，/r/n家/r/n不/r/n蓄ー書,而無所不通。/r/n②寅言/r/n之沈/r/n周、楊循吉,由是知名。/r/n（3）/r/n根據(jù)選文內(nèi)/r/n容,/r/n用自己的話概括徐禎卿成/r/nオ/r/n的原因。/r/n（4）/r/n下面是徐禎卿的一首詩，讀后回答問題。/r/n在武昌/r/n作/r/n徐禎卿/r/n洞庭葉未下，/r/n瀟湘秋/r/n欲生。/r/n高齋/r/n今夜雨，/r/n獨(dú)臥武昌城。/r/n重/r/n以桑/r/n梓/r/n念，凄其江漢情。/r/n不知天外雁，何事樂長征?/r/n①徐禎卿的詩“熔煉精警”，請以詩歌第一聯(lián)或第二聯(lián)為例，作簡要分析。/r/n②詩人為什么要問大雁“何事樂長征”?說說你的理解。/r/n（2018/r/n?南京）閱讀下面文言文,完成下列各題。/r/n象記/r/n［明］林璐①/r/n黔/r/n中人/r/n昔為余言,/r/n守/r/n土者②以期貢/r/n象,必/r/n入山告壻之/r/n曰:“/r/n朝廷詔汝備@禁衛(wèi),將授官于/r/n汝?！?r/n象俯貼/r/n足,/r/n如許諾/r/n狀,/r/n即馴而行，無能捕捉也。/r/n思陵@時，將貢/r/n象，/r/n先期語/r/n之,/r/n一象許諾:/r/n含/r/n明亡，/r/n不/r/n果進(jìn)?；食ǘΓ髫?r/n象,象/r/n數(shù)頭諾而來前。一象呼/r/n之不至，/r/n遲數(shù)日，翩然來取其牝⑤，蓋山中偶/r/n也;/r/n候己竟苦。/r/n守/r/n土者廉⑥知/r/n其/r/n期又當(dāng)來,/r/n乃/r/n先期語之/r/n曰:“今/r/n天子神圣，薄海⑦內(nèi)外知天命有歸,帶甲者率先/r/n以軍/r/n降，守土者次第/r/n以/r/n城降。/r/n汝/r/n異類，/r/n敢/r/n抗天子/r/n不/r/n赴耶?/r/n”/r/n至期/r/n來,/r/n竟復(fù)去。守土者/r/n?/r/n/r/n之，/r/n設(shè)大炮于衢，語之/r/n曰：“/r/n汝愛妻，數(shù)數(shù)?/r/n來，/r/n汝再逸/r/n去，/r/n當(dāng)/r/n死/r/n炮/r/n下!”/r/n象聞/r/n之,/r/n徐行/r/n伏/r/n炮/r/n臺下,/r/n若待以舉炮者。/r/n嗚/r/n呼,異/r/n矣!/r/n夫人/r/n未有/r/n不/r/n愛其妻者,愛妻并愛吾/r/n身,/r/n誰能以其所愛,易其所/r/n至愛?/r/n而今見之于一象！/r/n(選自《虞初新志》，［清］/r/n張/r/n潮輯，河北/r/n人民/r/n出版社/r/n1985/r/n年/r/n8/r/n月版，/r/n有/r/n刪節(jié))/r/n［注］/r/n①林璐：字玉逵，號鹿庵,明末儒生,明亡后終身不仕。②守土者:地方官員。⑤備:充任。④思陵：/r/n即/r/n明思/r/n宗，/r/n明朝最后/r/nー/r/n個/r/n皇帝。⑤牝/r/n(pin)：/r/n雌性的。⑥廉:查訪。⑦薄海：泛指海內(nèi)外廣大地/r/n區(qū)。/r/n⑧/r/n數(shù)數(shù)/r/n(s￡i)：/r/n數(shù),/r/n通/r/n“速”，/r/n快。/r/n(1)/r/n解釋下面加點(diǎn)的詞。/r/n①必/r/n入山/r/n告語之曰/r/n②窗明/r/n亡/r/n③候已竟去/r/n④守土者耳之/r/n(2)/r/n用現(xiàn)代漢語翻譯下面/r/n句/r/n子。/r/n夫人/r/n未有/r/n不/r/n愛其妻/r/n者,/r/n愛妻并愛吾身，/r/n誰能以/r/n其所愛，易/r/n其/r/n所至愛?/r/n(3)/r/n文中的象/r/n有/r/n哪些特/r/n點(diǎn)?/r/n請加以概括。/r/n(2018/r/n?鎮(zhèn)/r/n江)閱讀下面的文言/r/n文/r/n(選段)，完成下列各題。/r/n太祖心微行/r/n②/r/n至田舍，見ー/r/n村翁，/r/n問其生庚。翁告之某年月日時,皆同上。太祖曰:/r/n“爾/r/n有子/r/n乎?/r/n”/r/n答/r/n曰：“否?！薄?r/n有田產(chǎn)乎?/r/n”/r/n曰:/r/n“否?！薄?r/n然/r/n則何以/r/n自給/r/n?/r/n”/r/n曰：‘‘/r/n吾恃養(yǎng)蜂耳?！?r/n曰:“爾/r/n蜂幾何?/r/n”/r/n曰：''十五桶?！碧婺?r/n曰：''我/r/n有兩京十三?、?渠④有蜂/r/n十/r/n五桶敵/r/n之。/r/n此年月日/r/n相合之/r/n符?！碧?r/n又問/r/n曰:“爾于蜂,歲割蜜，凡幾/r/n次?”翁/r/n曰:''春夏花/r/n多,/r/n蜂易/r/n采，/r/n蜜/r/n不/r/n難結(jié)，我逐月割之。/r/n秋以/r/n后花漸/r/n少，/r/n故菊花蜜不盡割，/r/n割/r/n十/r/n之三,/r/n留/r/n其七,/r/n聽⑤蜂自啖’?,為卒歲計/r/n。我/r/n乃/r/n即春夏所/r/n割/r/n蜜易錢帛米粟,量入為/r/n出,以/r/n糊/r/n其/r/n口;而蜂亦有余蜜,得不餒。明歲,又復(fù)釀蜜。/r/n我/r/n行年五十,而/r/n恃/r/n蜂以飽，蓋若此。他養(yǎng)蜂者/r/n不/r/n然，春夏割/r/n之，/r/n即/r/n秋/r/n亦盡割/r/n之，/r/n無/r/n余/r/n蜜,故蜂多死。今年有蜜,/r/n明年/r/n無/r/n蜜,/r/n皆莫我/r/n若/r/n也?！碧鎳@/r/n日:'‘/r/n民猶峰也，/r/n君人/r/n者不務(wù)休養(yǎng),竭澤取/r/n之,/r/n民安得不貧以/r/n死?/r/n民/r/n死,/r/n而/r/n國無/r/n其民，/r/n稅/r/n安/r/n從/r/n出?是亦不留/r/n余/r/n蜜之類也。蜂/r/n丈人之言,/r/n可以傳矣,可為養(yǎng)民者法/r/n矣?！?r/n(選自明/r/n?/r/n江/r/n盈/r/n科/r/n《雪/r/n濤小/r/n說》，/r/n有刪改)/r/n【注釋】/r/n①/r/n太祖:明朝開國皇帝/r/n朱/r/n元璋。②/r/n微行:/r/n帝王/r/n或高官隱藏自己的身份改裝出行。③兩京/r/n十三/r/n省:/r/n兩京指南京、北京;十三省指山東、山西、河南等/r/n十三/r/n省。④渠:他。/r/n⑤/r/n聽：聽?wèi){，/r/n任/r/n憑。⑥啖/r/n(dan):/r/n吃。/r/n(1)/r/n解釋下列句中加點(diǎn)的詞語。/r/n①爾蜂幾/r/n何：/r/n②我乃/r/n即/r/n春夏所割蜜易錢帛米粟:/r/n③得不/r/n俵：/r/n④單澤/r/n取之:/r/n(2)/r/n用現(xiàn)代漢語寫出下面兩個句/r/n子/r/n的/r/n意思。/r/n①然則/r/n何/r/n以自給?/r/n②割十之三,留/r/n其/r/n七，聽蜂自/r/n啖,/r/n為卒歲計。/r/n(3)/r/n太祖得知自己與蜂/r/n丈人/r/n生庚/r/n相同,/r/n發(fā)現(xiàn)/r/n/r/n與/r/n/r/n相當(dāng),最后聯(lián)/r/n想到/r/n與相似。/r/n(4)/r/n文中/r/n的太祖具有哪些特點(diǎn)?/r/n(2017/r/n?無/r/n錫)陳幼/r/n學(xué)，/r/n字志行，無錫/r/n人。/r/n萬歷十七年進(jìn)/r/n土,/r/n授確山知縣。政務(wù)惠民,積粟二千石以備荒，墾荒田八百余頃。給貧民牛五百/r/n余頭，核/r/n黃河/r/n退地進(jìn)/r/n三十/r/n余頃以賦民。/r/n布政使劉渾成弟爛/r/n成，/r/n助妾?dú)⑵?治如律。行太仆/r/n卿/r/n陳耀文/r/n家人/r/n犯法，立捕檢之。汝寧知府丘度慮幼學(xué)得禍。言于撫按,/r/n調(diào)/r/n中牟。/r/n秋成/r/n時，飛蝗蔽天。幼學(xué)率民捕蝗,得/r/n千三/r/n百余石，/r/n乃不為/r/n災(zāi)?？h故土城,/r/n卑/r/n且圮。給饑民粟，俾修筑，/r/n工/r/n成，/r/n民不知役。/r/n幼/r/n學(xué)/r/n疏/r/n為河者五十七，為渠者/r/n百三/r/n十九,/r/n俱/r/n引入小/r/n清河,民大獲利。給貧民牛種，貧婦紡/r/n具,倍/r/n于確/r/n山。/r/n越/r/n五/r/n年,政績茂著。/r/n以/r/n不通權(quán)貴，當(dāng)考察拾蹦迪，掌道御史擬斥/r/n之，其子/r/n爭/r/n日：“/r/n兒自中州/r/n來，/r/n咸言中牟治行無/r/n雙，今/r/n予殿，/r/n何/r/n也?/r/n”/r/n乃/r/n已。/r/n遷/r/n湖州/r/n知府,甫至，即捕殺豪惡奴。/r/n有/r/n施敏者士族/r/n子，/r/n楊升者/r/n人/r/n奴/r/n也，/r/n橫行/r/n郡中。/r/n幼學(xué)執(zhí)敏置諸獄。淫雨連月,禾盡死。幼學(xué)大舉荒政,活饑民三十四萬有奇。御史將薦/r/n之,/r/n征其/r/n治行,/r/n推官閻世科/r/n列/r/n上三十六/r/n事，/r/n御史以聞。詔加接察副使，仍視郡事。/r/n幼學(xué)年/r/n已/r/n七十，/r/n其母/r/n尚在,/r/n遂以終/r/n養(yǎng)歸。/r/n母卒,不復(fù)/r/n出。天啟三年，起南京光祿/r/n少/r/n卿,改太常/r/n少/r/n卿，俱/r/n不/r/n赴。明年/r/n卒，/r/n年八十/r/n四矣。/r/n中牟、湖州并/r/n祠/r/n祀/r/n之。/r/n(有刪改)/r/n【注】/r/n①撫/r/n按:/r/n官職/r/n名。/r/n(1)/r/n下列/r/n句中的/r/n“于”與/r/n“/