高三英語二模D篇閱讀分析講義

高三英語二模D篇閱讀分析和答案解析筆者作為天文學(xué)愛好者，偶爾喜歡仰望星空，盡管城市夜空很少月明星稀。每當(dāng)有流星劃過夜晚的天際，我總會(huì)想到，如果這些“天外來客”輕吻或擁抱我們的地球家園，將會(huì)有著怎樣的結(jié)果。（原文第一自然段）NASAwillcrashaspacecraftintoanasteroid(小行星)totrytochangeitsorbit,attemptingtopreventhumansgoingthesamewayasthedinosaurs.首段點(diǎn)明NASAwillcrashaspacecraftintoanasteroidtotrytochangeitsorbit，此舉目的在于避免人類重蹈恐龍滅絕的覆轍。

（原文第二自然段）Earthisconstantlybeingdisturbedbysmallpiecesofdebris(碎片),buttheyusuallyburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground.Onceinawhile,however,somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact.About66millionyearsago,onesuchcrashisthoughttohavewipedoutthedinosaurs.Someday,somethingsimilarcouldendhumanbeings—unlesswecanfindawaytotackleit.此段首先言及asteroid影響地球的常識(shí)。一類情況是smallpiecesofdebrisburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground；第二種情況，somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact。舉例說明About66millionyearsago,onesuchcrashisthoughttohavewipedoutthedinosaurs。恐龍滅絕的事實(shí)已為humanbeings敲響警鐘。為了避免重蹈恐龍滅絕的覆轍，我們?cè)撊绾螒?yīng)對(duì)？

（原文第三自然段）NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(Dart)missionisthefirstattempttotestifsuchasteroidredirectionisarealisticstrategy:investigatingwhetheraspacecraftcanautonomouslyreachatargetasteroidandintentionallycrashintoit,aswellasmeasuringtheamountofredirection.“Ifitworks,itwouldbeabigdeal,becauseitwouldprovethatwehavethetechnicalcapabilityofprotectingourselves,”saidJayTate,thedirectoroftheNationalNearEarthObjectInformationCenter.

回到NASA。

DoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(Dart)mission便是人類第一次嘗試，目的在于totestifsuchasteroidredirectionisarealisticstrategy。此處的asteroidredirection，實(shí)為第一自然段的changingitsorbit。

具體步驟如下：reachatargetasteroid，crashintoit，measuretheamountofredirection。此舉如果成功，其意義在于：it

wouldprovethatwehavethetechnicalcapabilityofprotectingourselves，即為這將證明我們有技術(shù)能力來保護(hù)我們自身。

（原文第四自然段）The610kgDartspacecraftisscheduledtobelaunchedatthetarget—theDidymossystem—aharmlesspairofasteroidsconsistingofa163-metre“moonlet”asteroidcalledDimorphosthatorbitsalarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos(Greekfor“twin”).TheplanistocrashthespacecraftintoDimorphoswhentheasteroidsystemisatitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway.實(shí)驗(yàn)針對(duì)目標(biāo)：theDidymossystem具體撞擊對(duì)象：Dimorphos,

thatorbitsalarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos實(shí)驗(yàn)所用工具：The610kgDartspacecraft所選發(fā)射位置：atitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway

（原文第五自然段）About10daysbeforeimpact,aminiaturizedsatellitecalledLiciaCubewillseparatefromthemainspacecraft,enablingimagesoftheimpacttoberelayedbacktoEarth.Combinedwithobservationsfromground-basedtelescopes,andanonboardcamerathatwillrecordthefinalmomentsbeforethecrash,theserecordingswillenablescientiststocalculatethedegreetowhichtheimpacthaschangedDimorphos’sorbit.Theexpectationisthatitwillchangethespeedofthesmallerasteroidbyapproximately1%andreduceitsorbitaroundthelargerasteroid.

操作的第一步：撞擊之前十幾天，LiciaCube,withanonboardcamerathatwillrecordthefinalmomentsbeforethecrash,willseparatefromthemainspacecraft。此舉目的在于enablingimagesoftheimpacttoberelayedbacktoEarth。

（原文第六自然段）Then,inNovember2024,theEuropeanSpaceAgency’sHeraspacecraftwillvisittheDidymossystemandconductafurtherclose-upanalysisoftheconsequencesofthissnooker(斯諾克)game,recordingdetailssuchastheprecisemakeupandinternalstructureofDimorphos,andthesizeandshapeoftheholeleftbyDart.Suchdetailsarevitalfortransformingasteroidredirectionintoarepeatabletechnique.

操作的第二步：theEuropeanSpaceAgency’sHeraspacecraftwillvisittheDidymossystemandconductafurtherclose-upanalysisoftheconsequences，記錄包括theprecisemakeupandinternalstructureofDimorphos,andthesizeandshapeoftheholeleftbyDart。這些細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)于transformingasteroidredirectionintoarepeatabletechnique很重要。

（原文第七自然段）Eventhen,itisimpossiblethatanysingleredirectionstrategywouldbeenough.“Theproblemisthatnotwoasteroidsorcometsarealike,andhowyouredirectonedependsonahugenumberofvariables.

Thereisnosilverbulletinthisgame.Whatyouneedisawholefolderofdifferentredirectionmethodsfordifferenttypesoftargets,”saidTate.借用Tate

的觀點(diǎn)，表明itisimpossiblethatanysingleredirectionstrategywouldbeenough，也即任何單個(gè)的重新定位方向策略都是不可能的。原因在于notwoasteroidsorcometsarealike,andhowyouredirectonedependsonahugenumberofvariables，沒有兩個(gè)同樣的小行星或彗星，再有如何重定一個(gè)小行星或彗星取決于一系列變量。

（原文第八自然段）So,whilethismaybeonesmallsteptowardsplanetaryprotection,manymorearelikelytobenecessarytoavoiddestruction.

在上一自然段基礎(chǔ)之上，得出結(jié)論：manymorearelikelytobenecessarytoavoiddestruction。即為，為避免毀滅，則需更多此類redirectionstrategies。

答案解析：

31.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?

A.Toexaminetheimpactofdinosaurs’extinction.B.Toexplainthenecessityoflaunchingaspacecraft.C.Toshowthedamagecausedbysmallpiecesofdebris.D.Tohighlightthecrisisthreateninghumanbeingsatpresent.

解析：答案選D。原文賞析中已略做分析。答案A所提及表述中，原文只涉及dinosaurs’extinction，而examine一詞超出原文表達(dá)。C答案本身偏頗，可看原文分析。再看干擾性最大的B選項(xiàng)。本段中，作者只是提到unlesswecanfindawaytotackleit，而不是答案B中的launchingaspacecraft的具體方法。答案D中的thecrisisthreateninghumanbeings，對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的

Earthisconstantlybeingdisturbedbysmallpiecesofdebris,buttheyusuallyburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground和Onceinawhile,however,somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact兩句。而atpresent的表述使得該選項(xiàng)變得過于狹窄。如換成Tohighlightthecrisisofpossibleimpactbyasteroidsthreateninghumanbeings，可能更為合理。鑒于本人水平有限，如分析錯(cuò)誤，還請(qǐng)諒解。

32.Whichofthefollowingpicturesillustratesthemission?解析：此題信息來源于第四和第五自然段。注意the610kgDartspacecraft，theDidymossystem，a163-metre“moonlet”asteroidcalledDimorphos，

alarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos四個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。從TheplanistocrashthespacecraftintoDimorphoswhentheasteroidsystemisatitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway可知，用thespacecraft去撞擊Dimorphos，而非Didymos。故排除B和C。從第五自然段的Theexpectationisthatitwillchangethespeedofthesmallerasteroidbyapproximately1%andreduceitsorbitarou