(新高考)高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件第2部分 語(yǔ)法專題 專題一 第1講　謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (含詳解)

專題一

復(fù)雜多變的動(dòng)詞第1講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)分層演練語(yǔ)法鏈接寫作考點(diǎn)分類突破考點(diǎn)一

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)二

動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)三

主謂一致考點(diǎn)四

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)五

虛擬語(yǔ)氣微小說(shuō)導(dǎo)入

Atfirst，Jackwasn’tfondofstudyingandwasaddictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherwent①tohisroom，shefoundthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadcondemned③himmanytimesbeforehewenttomiddleschool，sohepromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandquitcomputergames.ItisamazingthatJackhaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.WheneveraskedaboutJack’sperformanceatschool，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Hehasbeenmaking⑦

progress.”He

ismaking⑧preparationsforthecollegeentranceexams.考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)ThereisnodoubtthatJackwillbeadmittedto⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeinthenearfuturehewillbestudying⑩inakeyuniversity.注釋：①是一般過去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式形式。②是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞。③是過去完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：had＋過去分詞。④是過去將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：would＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑤是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/has＋過去分詞。⑥是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。⑦是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑧是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑨是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋動(dòng)詞原形。⑩是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞。一、詞形變化

在時(shí)態(tài)的變化中，動(dòng)詞的形式需要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。動(dòng)詞形式不正確已經(jīng)成為英語(yǔ)寫作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同時(shí)態(tài)中的詞形變化。重難點(diǎn)精析形式變化規(guī)則構(gòu)成方法例詞原形

see，finish，teach，touch三單一般情況直接加-slook—looks，write—writes以-ch，-sh，-s，-x結(jié)尾加-esteach—teaches，finish—finishesguess—guesses，mix—mixes以“輔音＋o”結(jié)尾加-esdo—does，go—goes以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i加-estry—tries，cry—cries過去式一般情況直接加-eddestroy—destroyed，look—looked以不發(fā)音-e結(jié)尾直接加-ddecide—decided，hope—hoped以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-edstop—stopped，admit—admitted以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾變y為i加-edcarry—carried，try—tried現(xiàn)在分詞一般情況直接加-inggo—going，read—reading以不發(fā)音-e結(jié)尾去e加-inghave—having，write—writing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-ingcut—cutting，run—running二、核心考點(diǎn)

高考中通常把時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)境結(jié)合起來(lái)考查。題干中往往沒有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要考生搜索出時(shí)間參照信息。英語(yǔ)有16種時(shí)態(tài)，中學(xué)階段常用的有10種。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)常常表示人的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作業(yè)。(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他們也會(huì)支持你。(3)表示客觀事實(shí)、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2.一般過去時(shí)(1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday，lastyear，threeyearsago，theotherday等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Hearrivedatschoolat9∶00amyesterday.他昨天上午九點(diǎn)到學(xué)校。(2)根據(jù)上下文或主從句提示。Ididn’tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我沒有通過考試，這讓我父母很生氣。3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或臨時(shí)做出的決定，常用will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形或者is/am/aregoingtodo，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)tomorrow，nextweek等連用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.據(jù)說(shuō)他將于下個(gè)月卸任。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialogue

(tell)youthestory.2.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit

(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.3.We

(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.(2021·全國(guó)甲)點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)1willtellishired4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heisplayingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。(2)某些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.約翰和姐姐明天早上要?jiǎng)由砣|京。(3)與always，often，constantly等頻度副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或某種感情色彩。感情色彩可褒可貶。Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublic.這個(gè)女孩總是在公共場(chǎng)合大聲說(shuō)話。5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去某一個(gè)階段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11點(diǎn)正準(zhǔn)備午餐。(2)表示動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，常與when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那個(gè)男孩正在讀小說(shuō)時(shí)老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。

6.將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五點(diǎn)至六點(diǎn)之間不要給我打電話，那時(shí)我們?cè)诔燥?。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.She

(play)withthecellphonewhenherbosswalkedintotheoffice.2.NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.They

(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3.—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.I

(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)2wasplayingwillbeplayingamfilling7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)表示動(dòng)作或過程發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前某個(gè)沒有明確說(shuō)出的過去時(shí)間，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，且結(jié)果仍對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。—I’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——對(duì)不起，我沒完全明白你的話。你是說(shuō)你們打算9月20號(hào)回來(lái)嗎？——對(duì)不起，我沒有表達(dá)清楚。我們打算10月20號(hào)回來(lái)。(2)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)獲得了許多好評(píng)。(3)考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，往往有較為明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如already，just，yet，since，for＋時(shí)間段，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedmorethantwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在過去的3小時(shí)里我已經(jīng)學(xué)了200多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞了。

(4)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Ithasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名詞＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.這是我第一次做演講。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我所讀過的最有趣的小說(shuō)。8.過去完成時(shí)

(1)表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since，后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回來(lái)之前我已經(jīng)把我的手機(jī)收起來(lái)了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他們剛從房子里沖出來(lái)房子就燒塌了。(3)動(dòng)詞hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。Ihadhopedtogohomefromworkaheadoftime.我本希望提前下班回家。(但未能如愿)單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtI

(learn)theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathe

(say)tomealtogether.2.Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，I

(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.3.I

(expect)togetthefirstprizeinthecontestbuttheresultmademedisappointed.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)3hadlearnedhadsaidhadexpectedhavegot9.過去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她說(shuō)她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我想知道兒子緊接著會(huì)說(shuō)什么。(2)三種表示過去將來(lái)時(shí)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：was/weregoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形；was/wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形；was/wereaboutto＋動(dòng)詞原形。Hetoldmehewastogetmarriedthenextweek.他告訴我他下周結(jié)婚。Shewasabouttosaysomethingmore，andthencheckedherself.她還想說(shuō)幾句，接著又克制住了自己。10.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)常用來(lái)表示開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.這些年來(lái)，他們一直向我們雜志投稿。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見面。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand

(write)hisessaythereeversince.2.AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathe

(be)afamousscientistwhosetheories

(change)theworld.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)4hasbeenwritingwouldbewouldchange返回微小說(shuō)導(dǎo)入XiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimwhilethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②.Iwantedtoinformhimthathehadbeenadmitted③bythebasketballclub.Cellphonesarewidelyused④

nowadays.Itseemsthattheyarebeingused⑤sofrequentlythatpeoplehavebeencontrolled⑥bythem.Someonethinksthatcellphonesshouldberestricted⑦onsomeoccasions.微小說(shuō)導(dǎo)入考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩again.注釋：①是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋過去分詞。②是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋being＋過去分詞。③是過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：hadbeen＋過去分詞。④是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋過去分詞。⑤是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋being＋過去分詞。⑥是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞。⑦是帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞。⑧是一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋過去分詞。⑨是將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋havebeen＋過去分詞。⑩是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋bebeing＋過去分詞。1.不及物動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如happen，occur，takeplace，breakout，spread等。Anaccidenthappenedontheroadlastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚這條路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故，五個(gè)人遇難。Abigfirebrokeoutinthearealastweek.上周那個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)大火。重難點(diǎn)精析2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不應(yīng)該種樹。Themanwasmadefunofbyhispartner.這個(gè)人被他的伙伴取笑了。3.漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示，構(gòu)成“Itbe＋done...”形式。如：Itis/wassaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道……Itis/waswellknownthat...眾所周知……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人們必須承認(rèn)……Itis/wasgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人們普遍認(rèn)為/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人們普遍認(rèn)為學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)的關(guān)鍵就是練習(xí)。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.據(jù)報(bào)告，近兩日氣溫將明顯下降。4.下面的主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起來(lái)美味但營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法聽起來(lái)很棒但不切實(shí)際。(2)want/need/require/beworthdoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。Themovieisworthseeing.這部電影值得一看。(3)wash/sell/write/read/clean＋adv.(well，easily，smoothly)Hernewbookwasveryinterestingandsoldwell.她的新書很有趣并且賣得很好。Nyloncleanseasily.尼龍容易清洗。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Mary’sniecewrote，“Thelittlehome

(paint)white.”(2021·浙江6月)2.Mywashingmachine

(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3.Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，___________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4.Ifyouleavetheclub，you

(not，allow)backin.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)waspaintedisbeingrepairedisregardedwon’tbeallowed單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit

(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)2.Itdoesn’timpresslikeGeorgeWashington’splantationonthePotomac，butLincoln’shomeindowntownSpringfield，Illinois，_________________(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.(2021·浙江6月)對(duì)接高考技法指導(dǎo)解題策略washasproven/proved3.Currently，about35,000works

(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre，anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.(2021·天津3月)4.I

(walk)acrossAltrinchamRoadonemorningwhenacyclistwentroundmeandonbeingaskedwhathewasdoingheshoutedatme.(2015·湖南)arebeingdisplayedwaswalking1.掌握獨(dú)特的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)標(biāo)志(1)題干中如有always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)題干中如有yesterday，lastnight，afewdaysago，theotherday，then等，用一般過去時(shí)。(3)題干中如有tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek等，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。(4)題干中如有now，atpresent，currently等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(5)題干中如有atthattime，atsixo’clockyesterday等，用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。技法指導(dǎo)(6)題干中如有atthistimetomorrow，from1o’clockto3o’clocktomorrow等，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。(7)題干中如有since，sofar，uptonow，in/over/duringthelastyear/pastfewyears等，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.熟記固定句型中的時(shí)態(tài)(1)bedoing...when...，when前面的句子常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when后面的句子常用一般過去時(shí)。續(xù)上頁(yè)(2)Itis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...表示“自從……以來(lái)已……”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句常用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。3.分清主動(dòng)被動(dòng)，辨析語(yǔ)態(tài)看到主語(yǔ)為物，且動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，要想到用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。續(xù)上頁(yè)返回考點(diǎn)三主謂一致微小說(shuō)導(dǎo)入1.語(yǔ)法一致原則

Ilive①inBeijing，whilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai，andwehaven’t①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However，allmyrelativesexceptmyuncleobjectto④myidea.Someone

tells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob，whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.Manyapersonthinks⑦itnotwisetoleavethecityIamlivingin.注釋：該原則要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：①根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。②主語(yǔ)是不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。③主語(yǔ)是從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。④主語(yǔ)后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，aswellas，ratherthan，besides，including等短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞跟這些短語(yǔ)前面的主語(yǔ)一致。⑤主語(yǔ)為someone，anyone，everyone等不定代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用單數(shù)。⑥定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。⑦“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語(yǔ)前有each，every，no修飾時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。2.意義一致原則Ihavebeenonadietforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon’t②understandme，themajorityofpeoplearoundmesupport③

me.Theoldconsider④itunwisetogoonadiet，buttheyoungadmire④

me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme，butnowtheythinkIcanchoosetodothisaslongasitdoesn’tharmmyhealth.注釋：①表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。②“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。③themajorityof，therestof，分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞，要根據(jù)名詞的數(shù)或者是否可數(shù)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集體名詞，當(dāng)表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。3.就近一致原則

Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood，butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.注釋：①在therebe，herebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，若有幾個(gè)并列成分作主語(yǔ)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。②or，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)“就近一致”原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與離它最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。1.用and連接的并列主語(yǔ)，如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，同一事物，同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，否則用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了。(一個(gè)人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。(兩個(gè)物體)注意：用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體，如：breadandbutter(黃油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。重難點(diǎn)精析2.若主語(yǔ)中有morethanone或manya/an，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。

但more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋thanone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到。Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。3.“形復(fù)意單”名詞如：news；以-ics

結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如：physics，mathematics，economics；國(guó)名如：theUnitedStates；報(bào)紙名如：the

New

Times；書名如：Arabian

Nights(《天方夜譚》)；以及theUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國(guó))等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Theteacherandpoetoften

(give)lecturesaroundthecity.2.IthinkTom，ratherthanyou

(be)toblamefortheincident；thatistosay，youareinnocent.3.NobodybutJimandMike

(be)ontheplaygroundnow.4.AsfarasIknow，hisfamily

notverylargebutthefamily

allmusiclovers.(be)點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)givesisisisare5.Thepoor

(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.6.NeitherhisparentsnorI

(be)abletopersuadehimtochangehismind.7.Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcerts

(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagerssofar.8.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho

(wear)eveningdress.wereamhascausedwears單句語(yǔ)法填空1.TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).(2021·全國(guó)甲)2.GoingtoMountHuangshan

(remind)meofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)對(duì)接高考技法指導(dǎo)解題策略wasbuiltreminds3.Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25

(consider)healthy.(2021·浙江1月)4.Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection

(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ)isconsideredis1.找準(zhǔn)句子中的主語(yǔ)，看主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2.牢記特殊用法的結(jié)構(gòu)，用對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。3.注意結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。技法指導(dǎo)返回考點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞微劇情導(dǎo)入1.can/couldMary—M

Nancy—NM：Can①youpronouncethisword?N：Sorry，Ican’t①.M：Can/Could②Iuseyourdictionary?N：Ofcourseyoucan③，butwaitaminute.Whereismydictionary?M：Can④itbeinyourdormitory?N：No，itcan’t④

be.Ineverstudyinmydormitory.M：Couldyouhavelent⑤ittoyourdeskmate?N：No，mydeskmate

couldn’thaveborrowed⑤adictionarybecausehehatesEnglish.ItmightbeinJane’sdesk，butIcan’t⑥touchherbookswithoutpermission.M：Anorganizedpersoncan⑦forgetthings.注釋：can/could的意義及用法①can表能力，意為“能夠”。②can表請(qǐng)求，could表示委婉語(yǔ)氣。③can表許可。④can/can’t表推測(cè)，意為“可能/不可能”，常用于疑問句或否定句。⑤couldsb.havedone...？意為“某人做過某事嗎？”，couldn’thavedone意為“不可能做過某事”，表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，用于疑問句或否定句。⑥can’t表示客觀條件不允許。⑦can表示客觀上存在這種可能性但不一定發(fā)生。2.may/mightMike—M

Teacher—TM：May/Might①Icomein?T：Yes，youmay②.You’realmostlate，andwhereisyourdeskmate?M：Hmm，Idon’tknow.He

may/might③beonthewaytoschool.T：Hemight③be；thatis，hemightnot③beonhiswaytoschool.Mike，youmayaswell④tellmethetruth.Whyhasn’thecomeyet?M：Hemighthavestayed⑤uplatelastnight，andhemightnothaveset⑤thealarmclock.注釋：may/might的意義及用法①表示請(qǐng)求。②表示許可，不用might。③表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的猜測(cè)，might表示語(yǔ)氣更不肯定。④mayaswell“還是……好”。⑤mighthavedone表示對(duì)過去的猜測(cè)，意為“可能做了某事”。mightnothavedone意為“可能沒做某事”，常用于疑問句或否定句。3.mustJane—J

Mother—MJ：Mom，must①Itakethismedicine?M：Yes，youmust①.J：Must①Itakeitrightnow?M：No，youneedn’t②.Youcantakeitlater.J：Butitmustbe③bitter.M：I’vetoldyoutowearyourcoat，butyoumust④wearyourT-shirt.Besides，youmusthaveplayed⑤outdoors.You

mustn’t⑥doitagain.注釋：must的意義及用法①must表必須，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③mustbe表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)，只用于肯定句。④must表示“非要，偏偏”。⑤musthavedone表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定做過某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推測(cè)。4.shouldBoss—B

Jane—J

Steven—SB：It’sninenowandeveryoneshould①behere.WhereisSteven?Heshouldhavearrived②tenminutesago.J：Reallystrange，Ican’timagineMrPunctualshould③belateforwork.B：Herehecomes.Whyareyoulate，Steven?S：I’mterriblysorry，sir.I

shouldn’thavedrunk②toomuchcoffeelastnight.Ikeptmyeyesopenuntilfouro’clockinthemorning.B：Apersonlikeyoushouldn’tdrink④toomuchcoffee，teaeither.S：Yes，Ioughttobepunctualasusual.注釋：should的意義及用法①表示推測(cè)，意為“按理說(shuō)應(yīng)當(dāng)”。②shouldhavedone意為“本應(yīng)做而沒做”，shouldn’thavedone表示“本不應(yīng)做卻做了”，含有虛擬的意味。③表示“竟然”。④should(not)dosth.＝ought(not)todosth.(不)應(yīng)該做某事。5.shallMan—M

Woman—WM：Hi，whereareyougoing?W：Ishall①gotoNewYork.M：Metoo！Oh，yoursuitcaseisheavy.Shall②Icarryitforyou，Miss？(carrying

the

suitcase

to

the

woman’s

seat

and

sitting

beside

the

woman)W：Thankyouforhelpingme，butit’srequiredthateveryoneshall③sitonhisownseat.M：Itdoesn’tmatter.W：Stayawayfromme，orIwillcallthepolice.You

shall④besorryforwhatyoudo.Sir，Ineedyourhelp.(waving

to

a

policeman)注釋：shall的意義及用法①用于第一人稱，表示將要做某事。②用于第一、三人稱疑問句，表示請(qǐng)求。③用于第三人稱肯定句，表示按照正式的規(guī)定要做的事。④用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。6.need/dareMike—M

Jack—JM：Doyoudaretotake①yourcellphonetotheexaminationroom?J：No，Idarenotdo②that；Ineedn’tdo③that，either.M：Youstudywell，soyoudon’tneedtocheat④.Iamdifferent.J：Stopthinkingaboutcheating，andyoucan’tgetawaywithit.You

needto⑤studyhard.Nopains，nogains.注釋：need/dare的意義及用法?dare和need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，沒有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，常用于疑問句和否定句。疑問句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法②和③。?dare和need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，常用于肯定句中。如果用于疑問句和否定句，需要加助動(dòng)詞do/does，且其后要加(to)do，如用法①④⑤。?其用法簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)為：有助有to，無(wú)助無(wú)to。7.will/wouldTom—T

Mary—MM：Howaboutthenewwatch?T：Iwill①neveruseitanymore.Itjustwon’t②givethecorrecttime.M：Hush！Grandmaissleeping.She

will③haveanapatthistimethesedays.T：Atnineo’clockinthemorning？Shewould/usedto④haveanapintheafternoon.M：Thephoneisringing，butIambusywithmywork.T：Okay，Iwill⑤answerit.注釋：will/would的意義及用法①表示意愿。②表示事物的屬性。③表示人現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，意為“常常做某事”。④would/usedto表示過去的習(xí)慣。⑤表示意愿，意志。1.用于固定習(xí)語(yǔ)中：can’t/cannever...too/enough(無(wú)論……也不過分；越……越好)Youcan’tbetoocarefulwhencrossingabusystreet.＝Y(jié)oucan’tbecarefulenoughwhencrossingabusystreet.你橫穿繁忙的街道的時(shí)候，再怎么小心都不為過/越小心越好。重難點(diǎn)精析2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè)(1)musthavedonesth.“(過去)一定做了某事”；語(yǔ)氣比較肯定；用于肯定句中(2)may(might)havedonesth.“(過去)可能/也許做了某事”；語(yǔ)氣不確定；用于肯定句和否定句中(3)can(could)nothavedonesth.“(過去)不可能做某事”；用于否定句和疑問句，表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑或不確定表示“與過去事實(shí)相反”(1)couldhavedonesth.(過去)本可以做某事但實(shí)際上沒做(2)needn’thavedonesth.(過去)本不必做某事但實(shí)際上做了(3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.(過去)本應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上沒做(4)oughtn’tto/shouldn’thavedonesth.(過去)本不應(yīng)該做某事但實(shí)際上做了(5)mighthavedonesth.(過去)可能做某事但實(shí)際上沒做用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空(必要時(shí)加not)1.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.He

come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.2.I

thankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.3.He

beourmanager.OurmanagerhasgonetoBeijing.mightnot點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)can’tcan’t4.You

havedonebetter，butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.5.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She

havespokenatthemeeting.6.Everyonepresentwillnotbelievesuchagentleman

dothat.7.You

playwiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself.8.You

bepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.9.It

haverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.10.I

havetakentheumbrella，fortheweatherisfine.couldcouldn’tshouldmustn’tshallmustneedn’t返回考點(diǎn)五虛擬語(yǔ)氣微劇情導(dǎo)入1.wish/wouldrather/asif/ifonlyMrZhang—Z

MrWang—W(Beside

the

river，Mr

Zhang

and

Mr

Wang

are

quivering

asiftheywere①

in

cold

winter.)Z：IwishIhad①somethinghottodrink.W：IwouldratherIhadn’tinvited②youtogoout.Z：Howbigafish!IfonlyIhadcaught②it.W：Ifonlyyouhadn’tfallen②intotheriver！Ifonlywehad①dryclothesnow!NowIwishyourwifewouldn’tblame③thisonme.注釋：asif好像，wish希望，wouldrather寧可，ifonly要是……就好了，這四個(gè)詞語(yǔ)后的從句往往用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。①對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，從句謂語(yǔ)用過去式(be的過去式用were)。②對(duì)過去的虛擬，從句謂語(yǔ)用had＋過去分詞。③對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬，從句謂語(yǔ)用would/could/might/should＋動(dòng)詞原形。2.條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣MrZhang—Z

Wife—W(in

the

hospital)Z：Whatfineweather!IfIwerenotill，Iwouldgofishing.①W：Ifyouhadn’tgonefishingyesterday，youwouldn’thavecaughtacold.②Z：Iwouldhavestayedathome，butMrWanginvitedmetogo.③Hetoldmetohurry，otherwiseIwouldn’thaveforgottentowearwarmcoats.④W：IsitallMrWang’sfault?Butfor/WithoutMrWang，youwouldhavebeendrowned.⑤Z：Haditnotbeenforthebigfish，Iwouldn’thavefallenintotheriver.⑥I’dcatchitifIshouldrecovertomorrow.⑦注釋：?①②⑦為if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有以下三種情況：對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬：If＋主語(yǔ)＋did/were...，主語(yǔ)＋would/could/should/mightdo...對(duì)過去的虛擬：If＋主語(yǔ)＋haddone...，主語(yǔ)＋would/could/should/mighthavedone...對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬：If＋主語(yǔ)＋did/should/weretodo...，主語(yǔ)＋would/could/should/mightdo...?⑥為if虛擬條件句的省略與倒裝，結(jié)構(gòu)為：Had＋主語(yǔ)＋done，主語(yǔ)＋would/could/mighthavedone...Were＋主語(yǔ)＋todo/Should＋主語(yǔ)＋do，主語(yǔ)＋woulddo...?③④⑤為含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：主語(yǔ)＋wouldhavedone...，but過去的事實(shí)主語(yǔ)＋woulddo...，but現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)Without/Butfor＋n.，主語(yǔ)＋woulddo(與現(xiàn)在相反)Without/Butfor＋n.，主語(yǔ)＋wouldhavedone(與過去相反)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，otherwise＋主語(yǔ)＋woulddo過去的事實(shí)，otherwise＋主語(yǔ)＋wouldhavedone3.名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

Yesterday，Mikeinsistedthathehadn’tcheatedintheexamwiththecellphoneandthathe(should)notbe

punished.①Theteacherorderedthathe(should)takeoutthecellphoneandcommandedthathe(should)phonehisparentsrightnow.①M(fèi)ikerequestedthattheteacher(should)notcallhisparents.①Hedemandedthattheteacher(should)givehimanotherchance.①Theteachersaiditwasrequiredthatstudents(should)nottakecellphonestoschool.②Hersuggestion/advicewasthatMike(should)studyhardinsteadofcheatingintheexams.③Itishightimethatheprepared/shouldprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination.④注釋：?某些特定的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常用含有should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如①，這類動(dòng)詞包括“一堅(jiān)持”(insist)，“二命令”(order/command)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建議”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。?上述動(dòng)詞用于Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that從句時(shí)，從句使用帶should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如②。?上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式如requirement，suggestion等，其后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句也用含有should的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如③。?Itis(high/about)timethatsb.did/shoulddosth.也是常見的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，如④。4.Itis/was＋adj.＋thatsb.(should)do...和Itis/was＋n.＋thatsb.(should)do...Englishteacher：Itisimportant/essential/necessarythatyoushouldlearnEnglishwell.Student：Why？AsaChinese，IthinkitisstrangethatIshouldlearnEnglishwell.注釋：在Itis/was＋形容詞(important，essential，necessary，strange，natural，etc.)＋that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句和Itis/was＋名詞(apity，arule，ashame，asurprise，etc.)＋that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。1.當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，suggest/insist后的賓語(yǔ)從句不使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而使用陳述語(yǔ)氣。(1)Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他臉上的笑容表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。(2)Theoldmaninsistedthathewasnotillandthatheshouldnotbesenttohospital.這位老人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒有病，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該被送到醫(yī)院。重難點(diǎn)精析2.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句當(dāng)從句、主句所表示的行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所在的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteacheryesterday，youwouldn’tsuffersomuchnow.如果你昨天聽老師的，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)受這么多苦。單句語(yǔ)法填空1.TheAntarcticaissomysteriouslydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyI___

(be)therebefore!2.Ouronlyrequestisthatthis

(settle)assoonaspossible.3.Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident；otherwisehe_______________

(arrive)ontime.點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)hadbeen(should)besettledwouldhavearrived4.Ifit