輔差計(jì)劃三閱讀理解主旨大意題專練-高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)

主旨大意題主旨大意題主要考查同學(xué)們?cè)诶斫馊牡幕A(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用概括、判斷、推理等邏輯思維方法對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總結(jié)的能力。解題關(guān)鍵是首先通讀全文、把握好文章大意；其次應(yīng)抓住文章主題句。這類題目可分為：主旨大意型、文章標(biāo)題型和目的態(tài)度型。主旨大意型主旨大意型文章標(biāo)題型目的態(tài)度型命題形式qququestions技巧點(diǎn)撥命題形式命題形式技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥1.Fromthepassageweknowthat________.2.Whatisthepassage/storymainlyabout?3.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?4.Thearticleisabout_______.1.通讀全文，把握文章大意；2.找出主題句或和主題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞，從而把握文章的主旨(mainidea)。1.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe_______.2.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?1.通讀全文，把握文章大意；2.找出主題句，把握文章的主旨；3.標(biāo)題要言簡(jiǎn)意賅，引人注目；1.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?2.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis_______.3.Thepurposeofthispassage/storyisto________.4.Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthispassage?1.要充分理解全文，正確把握文章思想和主旨大意；2.站在作者的立場(chǎng)想問題，推斷作者的寫作態(tài)度及目的；主旨題主旨題考法1標(biāo)題歸納類(2018·全國(guó)卷I·B)GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget．InSaveMoney：GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste，whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday．AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13，andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份)，butMattmakesthemfor26paportion，becausetheyareflour，water，sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight－partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney：GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth，whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget．Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB．BalancingOurDailyDietC．MakingyourselfaPerfectChefD．CookingWellforLess技法1文章主線定標(biāo)題考法2段落大意類(全國(guó)卷I·D)Grown－upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplay,catchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A．Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.B．Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown－ups.C．Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.D．Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.技法2首尾兼顧知段意考法3文章大意類(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·B)Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare，likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity，forexample，isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30，000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow－coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20，000peoplewhodugforgold，4，000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.技法3定位主題斷文意（2020年浙江卷）Today’sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力)，acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool.“Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers.”Padilla-Walkersaid.“Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-whichcanhetaught-arekeytoachild’slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean“authoritative”parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed；childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主權(quán)).Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ·C)Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.

FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually

displaced

byhumandevelopment.

Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.

Deerandelkpopulations

—

majorfoodsources(來(lái)源)forthewolf

—

grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.

Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.

TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.28.

What

is

the

text

mainly

about?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.（2018全國(guó)IID）We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤(rùn)滑劑)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryand