考研考博-英語-云南警官學院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南警官學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

Asoneoftheoldestcivilizationsoftheworld,Chinahasalonghistoryandbrilliantculture.AfterenteringtheeraofcivilizationintheXiaDynasty,Chinacreatedgloriousscienceandculture.Thecompass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprintingareconsideredtobethefourgreatinventionsofancientChina,whichhavecontributedimmenselytothecivilizationoftheworldandtheprogressofmankind.TheSilkRoadofChina,theoldesttraderouteintheworld,largelypromotedtheculturalexchangebetweentheEastandtheWest.

【答案】中國是世界上最古老的文明之一，有著悠久的歷史和燦爛的文化。中國在夏朝時開始進入文明時代之后，創(chuàng)造了輝煌的科技和文化。指南針、火藥、造紙術、印刷術是中國古代的四大發(fā)明，對世界文明和人類的進步做出了極大的貢獻。中國的絲綢之路—世界上最古老的貿易通道—極大地促進了東西方文化的交流。

2.單選題

Theyearwas1959.Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo.Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain.Doctorsanalyzedhissample,frozeitinatesttubeandforgotaboutit.Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.

AndnotjustanyHIV.TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans,accordingtoareportpublishedlastweekinNature.Dr.DavidHo,directoroftheAaronDiamondAIDSResearchCenterinNewYorkCityandoneofthestudy’sauthors,saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample’sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s.

1.Whatisthepassageabout?

2.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica.TheoriginoftheAIDSepidemicwasthoughttobegininthe（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

4.Accordingtothepassage,themanwhocarriedHIVgavebloodbecausehewantedto（

）.

問題1選項

A.ThefactthatHTVandtheAIDSviruswerefirstdiscoveredinAfrica.

B.TherolethatLeopoldville'ssampleplays.

C.ThatLeopoldville'ssamplecontributestosolvingthepuzzleontheoriginofAIDS.

D.ThatAIDSspreadtootherplacesbesidesAfrica

問題2選項

A.1940s

B.1950s

C.1960s

D.mid-1980s

問題3選項

A.TheAIDSviruscomesfrommonkeysorchimpanzees.

B.TheAIDSviruswasearliestdiscoveredinKinshasa,1959.

C.BeforeLeopoldvillewaschangedintoKinshasainname,itwasacolony.

D.NootherAIDSvirusdiscoveredanywhereelsecanbeolderthantheonediscoveredinLeopoldville.

問題4選項

A.infectotherstotakerevengeonthewholesociety

B.earnmoneytosupporthisfamily

C.makeanameforhimself

D.noneoftheabove

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段描述了Leopoldville—位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血,而后指出長達四分之一個世紀后，艾滋病研究者從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段進一步強調“并不只是發(fā)現(xiàn)了艾滋病病毒這么簡單”,之后詳細介紹了該部分血液中發(fā)現(xiàn)的艾滋病毒的重要意義。因此B項“Leopoldville的樣本所起的作用”比較能概括文章大意。

2.判斷推理題。文章最后一句指出:...saysacarefulgeneticanalysisofthesample'sDNApushestheputativeoriginoftheAIDSepidemicbackatleastadecadetotheearly50seventhe40s(對該樣本的DNA分析將假定的艾滋病起源時間往前推了至少十年，至20世紀50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推斷過去假定的艾滋病起源時間應該是20世紀60年代。

3.判斷推理題。A:艾滋病毒來源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根據第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolatedandmaynowhelpsolvethemysteryofhowandwhenthevirusmadetheleapfromanimals(monkeysorchimpanzees)tohumans...(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨樣本，有助于解開艾滋病毒從動物（猴子或者黑猩猩）傳播到人類的時間和方式之謎……)”可知A項正確。B:艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被發(fā)現(xiàn),由第一段中的“Aquartercenturylater,inthemid-1980s,researchersstudyingthegrowingAIDSepidemictookasecondlookatthebloodanddiscoveredthatitcontainedH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS(四分之一個世紀后，也就是20世紀80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次對該部分血液進行研究，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了體免疫缺乏癥病毒，這是一種導致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B項錯誤。C:在Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的“Location:thecentralAfricancityofLeopoldville,nowcalledKinshasa,shortlybeforethewavesofviolentrebellionthatfollowedtheliberationoftheBelgianCongo(地點：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在導致比屬剛果獨立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名為Kinshasa)”可知C項正確。D:在其他地方沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)比Leopoldville的樣本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的“TheLeopoldvillesampleistheoldestspecimenoftheAIDSviruseverisolated....(Leopoldville的樣本是最早的艾滋病毒單獨樣本)”可知D項正確。故本題選B。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出:Aseeminglyhealthymanwalkedintoahospitalclinictogivebloodforawestern-backedstudyofblooddiseases.Hewalkedawayandwasneverheardfromagain(應一項由西方國家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到醫(yī)院抽血。然后就離開了，從此再也沒有聽說過他)。A:為了通過感染他人來報復社會,B:掙錢養(yǎng)家,C:讓自己成名，均不能通過文章推斷出來。故選D。

3.單選題

Ourhotelcan（）doublethenumberofguests

participatinginyourconference.

問題1選項

A.ascribe

B.accommodate

C.assert

D.avert

【答案】B

【解析】ascribe指歸因于；accommodate指容納、住宿；assert指斷言,肯定；avert指轉移。句意：我們賓館可接納的顧客人數是你們參會人數的兩倍。選項B符合句意。

4.單選題

Thenewcurriculumintendstostrengthenchildren’spracticeofbasicsocial___.

問題1選項

A.manners

B.politeness

C.rules

D.regulations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項manners“方式；習慣；種類；規(guī)矩；風俗”；B選項politeness“有禮貌；優(yōu)雅”；C選項rules“規(guī)則（在特定情況下或玩游戲時可以做什么、必須做什么或不能做什么的陳述）；建議；統(tǒng)治；習慣；定律；法治；尺子；破折號”；D選項regulations“管理；規(guī)則（政府或其它權威制定的官方規(guī)定）；校準”。句意：新課程旨在加強兒童的基本社交___實踐。本句表達“基本社交禮儀”，因此A選項正確。

5.單選題

Mr.Goresaystheincreasing（）ofbushfiresinAustraliaisanexampleofhowquicklytheclimateischanging.

問題1選項

A.viciousness

B.ferocity

C.maliciousness

D.malevolence

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項viciousness“邪惡，惡意”；B選項ferocity“兇猛，殘忍”；C選項maliciousness“惡意”；D選項malevolence“怨恨，狠毒”。句意：戈爾說，澳大利亞越發(fā)肆虐的叢林大火是氣候變化速度之快的例證之一。這里是指火勢很猛，所以選項B符合句意。

6.單選題

Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?

問題1選項

A.jeer

B.dissolve

C.adjourn

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項jeer“嘲笑；戲弄”；B選項dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C選項adjourn“推遲；使……中止”；D選項guarantee“保證；擔保”。句意：街頭藝人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我們不得不嘲笑他，但是我們不得不向他的頭扔腐爛的西紅柿嗎？結合句意，A選項正確。

7.單選題

Planeskeepintouchwiththecontroltower（）.

問題1選項

A.ontheradio

B.byradio

C.overtheradio

D.bytheradio

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。ontheradio“在廣播中”；byradio“用無線電”。句意：飛機用無線電與控制塔保持聯(lián)系。只有B項符合句意。

8.單選題

Everyoneistryingto（）howthefirestarted.

問題1選項

A.figureout

B.makeout

C.turnout

D.clearout

【答案】B

【解析】figureout"計算岀;估計";makeout"理解;辨認岀";turnout"生產,結果是";clearout"清除,掃出"。根據句意：每個人都想弄明白火是如何開始的。選項B符合句意。

9.單選題

People______allsortsofdisabilitiesandrecoverfromallsortsofthings.

問題1選項

A.getover

B.getaway

C.getoff

D.getaheadof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項getover“克服，恢復”，B項getaway“離開，逃脫”，C項getoff“動身”，D項getaheadof“超過，勝過”。根據關鍵詞allsortsofdisabilities（各種各樣的障礙/殘疾）可推測，空格處表示“克服”，A項符合。句意：人們克服各種障礙，從各種事情中恢復過來。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

10.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyourChineseversionintheproperspaceonyourAnswerSheet.

Amanorwomanmakesdirectcontactwithsocietyintwoways:asamemberofsomefamilial,professionalorreligiousgroup,orasamemberofacrowd.(1)Groupsarecapableofbeingasmoralandintelligentastheindividualswhoformthem;acrowdischaotic,hasnopurposeofitsownandiscapableofanythingexceptintelligentactionandrealisticthinking.Assembledinacrowd,peoplelosetheirpowersofreasoningandtheircapacityformoralchoice.Theirsuggestibilityisincreasedtothepointwheretheyceasetohaveanyjudgmentorwilloftheirown.Theybecomeveryexcitable,theyloseallsenseofindividualorcollectiveresponsibility,andtheyaresubjecttosuddenaccessesofrage,enthusiasmandpanic.Inaword,amaninacrowdbehavesasthoughhehadswallowedalargedoseofsomepowerfulintoxicant.(2)Thecrowd-intoxicatedindividualescapesfromresponsibility,intelligenceandmoralityintoakindoffrantic,animalmindlessness.

Unlikethemasses,intellectualshaveatasteforrationalityandaninterestinfacts.Theircriticalhabitofmindmakesthemresistanttothekindofpropagandathatworkssowellonthemajority.Intellectualsarethekindofpeoplewhodemandevidenceandareshockedbylogicalinconsistenciesandfallacies.(3)Theyregardover-simplificationastheoriginalsinofthemindandhavenousefortheslogans,theunqualifiedassertionsandsweepinggeneralizationswhicharethepropagandist’sstockintrade.Philosophyteachesustofeeluncertainaboutthethingsthatseemtousself-evident.(4)Propaganda,ontheotherhand,teachesustoacceptasself-evidentmattersaboutwhichitwouldbereasonabletosuspendourjudgmentortofeeldoubt.Thepropagandistmustthereforebeconsistentlydogmatic.Allhisstatementsaremadewithoutqualification.(5)Therearenograysinhispictureoftheworld;everythingiseitherdiabolicallyblackorcelestiallywhite.Hemustneveradmitthathemightbewrongorthatpeoplewithadifferentpointofviewmightbeevenpartiallyright.Opponentsshouldnotbearguedwith;theyshouldbeattacked,shouteddown,or,iftheybecometoomuchofanuisance,liquidated.Themorallysqueamishintellectualmaybeshockedbythiskindofthing.Butthemassesarealwaysconvincedthatrightisonthesideoftheactiveaggressor.”

【答案】【參考譯文】

（1）群體具有與其組成成員同等水平的道德和智慧；然而人群是混亂的，沒有自己的目標，除了理智的行動和現(xiàn)實的思考之外，它什么都能做。

（2）在人群中沉醉的個人逃避責任，放棄理智，違背道義，變得瘋狂，像野獸般沒有頭腦。

（3）他們把過于簡單化視為思想上的原罪，他們不聽信口號、絕對的判斷以及泛泛的概括，而這些正是宣傳家的慣用伎倆。

（4）與之相反的是，宣傳鼓動我們去接受那些不應急于作出判斷或應保持懷疑態(tài)度的事物，并把它們視為理所當然的東西。

（5）他所描繪的世界里沒有中間色，每樣事物不是魔鬼般的邪惡，就是天使般的純潔。

11.單選題

Allthepartsofthiswashingmachineare（）,sothatitisveryconvenienttoreplacethem.

問題1選項

A.normalized

B.modernized

C.mechanized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。normalized“正?；摹保籱odernized“現(xiàn)代化的”；mechanized“機械化的，呆板的”；standardized“標準的，標準化的”。句意：這個洗衣機的所有部件都是標準的，所以要替換他們非常方便。D項符合題意。

12.單選題

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthis....andthen....Forheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

問題1選項

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

問題2選項

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

問題3選項

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

問題4選項

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

問題5選項

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】

1.本題詢問這篇文章的寫作目的。A項意為“為了揭示一個生物學家是如何對鯨魚研究感興趣的”；B項意為“描述了一個科學家與鯨魚一起工作的經歷”；C項意為“討論了在哪些方面鯨魚和其他哺乳類動物相似”；D項意為“為了突出進行鯨魚研究工作中存在的危險”。根據文章的內容可知，本文主要是一個記敘文，作者描述了自從1967年以來就一直在研究鯨魚。那段經歷的一個愉快之處就是發(fā)現(xiàn)我們永遠也沒有可能讓鯨魚去使用人類的時間觀。B選項更符合題意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意為“火花和煙霧”。A項意為“一個直接的方法是徒勞的”；B項意為“科學看起來似乎很神奇”；C項意為“這項工作有多么危險”；D項意為“有多么的努力”。根據劃線句所在的這一句話‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.當我們拼命地想弄清楚這到底是什么東西的時候，這種動物的龐大身軀不時地從我們身邊滑過。盡管有許多火花和煙霧，我們到目前為止只完成了這個鑰匙孔的一個小的擴大?！_定作者要表達的意思是盡管付出了種種努力，到目前為止我們也不過就相當于把那個鑰匙孔擴大了一點點。所以劃線詞是與“努力”有關的，D選項符合題意。

3.A項意為“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”；B項意為“一個典型的能在鯨魚等動物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的令人驚訝的人類行為”；C項意為“顯然無益的行為卻可能發(fā)揮著重要的作用”;D項意為“在許多物種中發(fā)現(xiàn)但是以違背物種之間進行的對比的一種形式存在的行為”。根據第二段內容可知，一個行為模式的作用最大的線索之一是它出現(xiàn)的節(jié)奏。因為我們通常會把玩耍和快速的行動聯(lián)系在一起，能夠意識到鯨魚在玩耍的關鍵就在于要有不同的思維，它們玩耍要有更長，更緩慢的節(jié)奏，動作更加地綿延遲緩。故所以A選項“特定物種的行為方式最初無法被看到是什么的行為”符合題意。

4.根據文章最后三句話‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意識到，通過被動的觀察來發(fā)現(xiàn)事物能帶來更大的回報。我很快意識到，被動觀察所帶來的約束比實驗工作所帶來的約束更具挑戰(zhàn)性。它更像是十四行詩形式的限制，使得寫詩變得精致而富有挑戰(zhàn)性。被動觀察需要一種更微妙的思維方式，其結果可能是十四行詩，而不是民謠?！鶕湟饪芍@里強調的是“passive”觀察，也就是受限制的觀察，C選項“傳達了對一個明顯的限制的贊賞”更符合題意。

5.根據最后一段開頭‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物學生涯的頭十年里，我是一個實驗主義者。’確定A選項‘“作者在開始從事鯨魚研究之前的調查”’有涉及；由這一段后文內容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鯨魚的研究工作時需要翻遍方法以及自己對不同的充滿挑戰(zhàn)的研究方法的關注，確定C選項“和鯨魚工作時所需要的方法的變化”和D選項“作者關心的是是否有能力進行不同類型的研究”兩項有涉及；但B選項“作者選擇鯨魚作為研究的主題的動機”作者并沒有提到，所以B選項符合題意。

13.單選題

Nooneknowswhowasthefirsttoinventthediceasweknowthem.Whatisremarkableisthattheyhaveremainedvirtuallyintactacrossnationalboundariesandallthroughtheage——smallcubesmarkedbydotsfrom1to6,soplacedthatthesumofthedotsonoppositesidesequals7.DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC,aswellasintheruinsofBabylon.TheplayingofdicewaspopularinGreeceandevenmoresoinRome,anddicewereusedthroughouttheMiddleAges.Inthesimplestplaywithdiceeachplayerthrows,orshoots,forthehighestsum.InChinaandintheUnitedStatesthemostpopulardicegameisplayedwithtwodice.

Thenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbytwodiceisverylimited;thenumberare:2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10.11and12,allelevenofthem.Themostprobablethrowis7.Theprobabilityof7issixtimesthatof12.Thereforeitwouldbeidealifanewkindofdicecouldbeinventedwithanequaldistributionofchancesforeachnumber.Well,suchdicehavealreadybeeninventedbyaBritishamateurastronomerbythenameAires.Thenewversion.

whichtheinventorcalls“heartbreakdice”，alsoconsistsoftwodice.Butthenumberofrandomnumbersthatcanbeexpressedbythenewdiceismorethanthreetimesthatofthetraditionalones,andthechancesforeachnumberarestrictlyequal.

1.Accordingtopassageone,theChinesehadplayeddice（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutdiceinChinaistrue?

3.Inregardtothenewkindofdice,wecantellthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.morethan2500yearsbefore.

B.3400yearsearlierthanEgyptianshaddoneso

C.intheMiddleAges

D.justalittleearlierthanChristwasborn

問題2選項

A.DiceinancientChinawerequitedifferentfromdicetoday

B.DiceinChinaareverydifferentfromtheonesusedinothercountries

C.InChina,peopleneverplaydicegameswithonlyonedice

D.TheaimofplayingdicegamesinChinaisthesameastheonesinothercountries——togetthehighestsum

問題3選項

A.theideaisn’tpractical

B.itwasalsonamed“Aires”thoughit’snowcalled“heartbreakdice”.

C.it’sfamousfortheequaldistributionofchancesforeverypossiblenumber

D.italsousesdigitsfrom1to6

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC....(在中國，骰子最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于公元前600年的出土文物中，其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)。故A項“2500年前”正確。

2.判斷推理題。A:古中國的骰子和如今的骰子大不相同,根據第一段中“DicemuchlikethoseusedtodaywerefoundinChinainunearthedculturalrelicsdatingfrom600BCandinancientEgyptiantombsdatingfrom2000BC....(在中國，骰子最早發(fā)現(xiàn)于公元前600年的出土文物中，其外形和如今所用的骰子相似)”可知A項錯誤。B:中國的骰子和其他國家的骰子不同,文章并未提及。C:在中國，人們從不用一個骰子,雖然第一段指出:InChinaandintheUnitedStatesthemostpopulardicegameisplayedwithtwodice(中國與美國的骰子游戲用的是兩個骰子),這并不能退出選項C。D:中國骰子游戲的目的和其他國家一樣，都是為獲得最大點數,根據第一段中的“Inthesimplestplaywithdiceeachplayerthrows,orshoots,forthehighestsum(骰子最簡單的玩法就是玩家投擲篩子以獲得最大點數)”可知D正確。因此本題選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章最后一句話為:....thechancesforeachnumberarestrictlyequal(每個數字出現(xiàn)的概率相同),因此C項“因能夠平均分配每個可能出現(xiàn)的數據而著名”正確。

14.單選題

Recentresearchhasclaimedthatanexcessofpositiveionsintheaircanhaveanilleffectonpeople’sphysicalorpsychologicalhealth.Whatarepositiveions?Well,theairisfullofions,electri-callychargedparticles,andgenerallythereisaroughbalancebetweenthepositiveandthenegativecharged.Butsometimesthisbalancebecomesdisturbedandalargerproportionofpositiveionsarefound.Thishappensnaturallybeforethunderstorm,earthquakeswhenwindssuchastheMistral,HamsinorSharavareblowingincertaincountries.Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelec-tricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcom-puterdisplayscreens.

Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresent,intheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue，irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.Animalsarealsoaffected,particularlybeforeearthquakes,snakeshavebeenobservedtocomeoutofhibernation,ratstofleefromtheirburrows,dogshowlandcatsjumpabout

unaccountably.ThishasledtheU.S.GeographicalSurveytofundanetwork,ofvolunteerstowatchanimalsinanefforttoforeseesuchdisastersbeforetheyhitvulnerableareassuchasCalifornia.

Conversely,whenlargenumbersofnegativeionsarepresent,thenpeoplehaveafeelingofwell-being.Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray.Thisprobablyaccountsforthebeneficialeffectofaholidaybythesea,orinthemountainswithtumblingstreamsorwaterfalls.

Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers:smallportablemachines,whichgeneratenegativeions.Theyclaimthationizersnotonlycleanandrefreshtheairbutalsoimprovethehealthofpeoplesensitivetoexcesspositiveions.Ofcourse,therearethedetractors,otherscientists,whodismisssuchclaimsandareskepticalaboutnegative/posi-tiveionresearch.Thereforepeoplecanonlymakeuptheirownmindsbyobservingtheeffectson

themselves,oronothers，ofanegativerichorpoorenvironment.Afterallitisdebatablewhetherde-pendingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat.

1.Whateffectdoesexceedingpositiveionizationhaveonsomepeople?

2.Inaccordancewiththepassage,staticelectricitycanbecausedby（）.

3.Ahighnegativeioncountislikelytobefound（）.

4.Whatkindofmachinecangeneratenegativeionsindoors?

5.Accordingtothepassage,somescientistsbelievethat（）

問題1選項

A.Theythinktheyareinsane.

B.Theybecomeratherbad-tempered.

C.Theybecomeviolentlysick.

D.Theyaretootiredtodoanything.

問題2選項

A.usinghome-madegoods

B.wearingclothesmadeofnaturalmaterials

C.walkingoncarpets

D.cleaningcomputerscreens

問題3選項

A.nearaparkinglot

B.closetoaslow-flowingriver

C.insomebarrenmountains

D.byarotatingwatersprinkler

問題4選項

A.Ionizers.

B.Air-conditioners.

C.Exhaust-fans.

D.Vacuumpumps.

問題5選項

A.watchinganimalstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethandependingonseismography

B.theunusualbehaviorofanimalscannotbeexplained

C.neitherwatchingnorusingseismographsisreliable

D.earthquakecannotbepredicted

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)題。第二段指出：Whenalargenumberofpositiveionsarepresent,intheairmanypeopleexperienceunpleasanteffectssuchasheadaches,fatigue,irritability,andsomeparticularlysensitivepeoplesuffernauseaorevenmentaldisturbance.因此，B項“人會變得易怒”正確。

2.細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞“staticelectricity”定位至第一段：Oritcanbecausedbyabuild-upofstaticelectricityindoorsfromcarpetsorclothingmadeofman-madefibers,orfromTVsets,duplicatorsorcom-puterdisplayscreens（也可能是由于室內地毯或人造纖維制成的衣服或電視機、復印機或電腦顯示屏產生的靜電積聚所致）。因此C選項“在地毯上行走”是靜電產生的原因之一。

3.細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞“negativeion”定位至第三段：Naturalconditionsthatproducetheselargeamountsarenearthesea,closetowaterfallsorfountains,orinanyplacewherewaterissprayed,orformsaspray（產生這些大量負離子的自然條件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或噴泉，或在噴灑水的任何地方，或形成噴霧劑）,因此D項“通過旋轉灑水車”正確。

4.細節(jié)題。根據題干關鍵詞“negativeionsindoors”定位至最后一段：Toincreasethesupplyofnegativeionsindoors,somescientistsrecommendtheuseofionizers.由此可知，ionizers（離子發(fā)生器）可以制造室內負離子。A項正確。

5.細節(jié)題。最后一段指出：Afterallitisdebatablewhetherdependingonseismicreadingstoanticipateearthquakesismoreeffectivethanwatchingthecat（依靠地震知識預測地震是否比觀察貓更有效還存在爭議）,因此A項正確。

15.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachingtrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolforthe（）oflessons.

問題1選項

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項observation“觀察，監(jiān)視”；B選項investigation“調查；研究”；C選項inspection“檢查；視察”；D選項examination“檢查；考試”。句意：在他們教師培訓的第一年，學生們會經常去當地學?！n程。根據句中teachingtraining教師培訓，學生身份會與認真觀察這一名詞更加相配，examination主要是為減少錯誤而進行檢查。故選A。

16.單選題

Itisno（

）thatalargenumberofviolentcrimesarecommittedundertheinfluenceofalcohol.

問題1選項

A.coincidence

B.correspondence

C.inspiration

D.intuition

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項coincidence“巧合；一致；同事發(fā)生”；B選項correspondence“通信；一致；相當”；C選項inspiration“靈感；鼓舞；吸氣；妙計”；D選項intuition“直覺；直覺力”。句意：大量的暴力犯罪都是在酒精的影響下發(fā)生的，這并不是……。綜合選項與句意可知，此處應表示“這并不是巧合（偶然）”符合語境。A選項正確的。

17.單選題

Thepaintingheboughtatthestreetmarkettheotherdaywasa（

）forgery.

問題1選項

A.man-made

B.natural

C.crude

D.real

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:他那天在街上買的那幅畫實際上是副贗品。

man-made人造的;natural自然的;crude粗略的;real實際上。

18.單選題

（）thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.

問題1選項

A.Socleveraretheconstructionrobots

B.Soclevertheconstructionrobotsare

C.Suchconstructionrobotsareclever

D.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。so/such和that搭配都可引導結果狀語從句，such后接名詞，so后接副詞或形容詞，結構：so+adj.+a/an+名詞，such+a/an+adj.+名詞，so和such謂語句首要用部分倒裝，選項A符合題意。句意：建筑用機器人是如此的聰明，以至于他們能夠減少工地用量的百分之九十。選項A符合題意。

19.單選題

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)-richandtheinfo-poor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercialized,itisintheinterestofb