考研考博-英語-義烏工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-義烏工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Marydidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

問題1選項

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。explicit“明確的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲從的”；internal“內(nèi)部的，內(nèi)在的”；immortal“不朽的，長生的”。句意：Mary沒有公開抨擊這項計劃，但是她反對的態(tài)度含蓄的體現(xiàn)在她沒有說任何支持它的話。選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

Thefearthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromeconomicinteractionhasnowgivenwaytoapessimismthattradewiththedevelopingworldwillimpoverishtoday’srichcountries.

問題1選項

A.restructure

B.obsolete

C.paralyze

D.weaken

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.restructure調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)；改組B.obsolete淘汰的；廢棄的

C.paralyze使癱瘓；使麻痹D.weaken虛弱，衰弱

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞pessimism可知，impoverish是一個貶義詞，結(jié)合第二個同位語從句中提到developingworld（發(fā)展中國家）和richcountries（富裕國家）可推斷，impoverish是指“使貧困”，也就是說和發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易會削弱富裕國家的經(jīng)濟，D項詞義與之相近，故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合劃線單詞詞義。

【句意】對窮人無法從經(jīng)濟互動中獲益的擔(dān)憂，現(xiàn)在已被悲觀情緒所取代，這種悲觀情緒認(rèn)為，與發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易將使今天的富裕國家變得貧窮。

3.單選題

BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,（

）herefortwodays.

問題1選項

A.wehadstayed

B.wewillhavestayed

C.wewouldhavestayed

D.Wehavestayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：在他到北京來的時候，我們將已經(jīng)來了兩天了。bythetime“在……時候”，這里引導(dǎo)的是時間狀語，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵循主將從現(xiàn)的原則。而從句在這里是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以主句要用一般將來時，所以答案選B。

4.單選題

Heisapromisingyoungmanwhoisnowstudyingatourgraduateschool.Ashissupervisor,Iwouldliketo（

）himtoyournotice.

問題1選項

A.commend

B.decree

C.presume

D.articulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。commend“推薦，稱贊”；decree“命令，頒布，判決”；presume“假定，推測”；articulate“發(fā)音，清楚地講話”。句意：他是個有前途的年輕人，現(xiàn)在在我們研究院學(xué)習(xí)，作為他的導(dǎo)師，我樂意向你推薦他。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Aviolentcrimewas______every32secondsinthiscitylastyear.

問題1選項

A.conducted

B.performed

C.committed

D.executed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項conduct“引導(dǎo)，實施”，B項perform“執(zhí)行，演奏”，C項commit“犯罪，使……承擔(dān)義務(wù)”，D項execute“實行，執(zhí)行”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞violentcrime“暴力分子”可知，C選項符合語境。句意：去年這個城市每32秒就發(fā)生一起暴力犯罪。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

6.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-being,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.1.Inonestudy,researcherseavesdroppedonundergraduatesforfourdays,thencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseither“smalltalk”or“substantive”.Theyfoundthatthesecondtypecorrelatedwithhappiness—thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanysubstantivetalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalk,meanwhile,makesuponly10percentoftheirconversation,versus30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.

2.Butdon’twriteoffchitchatjustyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding;andmaintainclosenesswithlovedones,andcouldn’tbemerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still,banteringwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.3.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagocommutersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengers.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldto“enjoyyoursolitude”ortodowhatevertheynormallywould.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrebuffed.Andtheresultsheldforintrovertsandextrovertsalike—whichmakessense,sinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverted.

4.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristasreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction.

Ofcourse,someofusarebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“l(fā)esscurious”,byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyaresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure.5.Butpeoplewhoaredeemed“curious”needednohelptransformingaboutmundanethingslikefavoriteholidaysintointimateexchanges.A“curiousmind-set”、theauthorsconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteraction”.Sogoahead,pry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidle.Andnoisinessisn’tallbad.

【答案】1.在一項研究中，研究人員對大學(xué)生進行了為期四天的偷聽，然后將每一次聽到的談話分類為“閑聊”或“實質(zhì)性談話”。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二種類型的學(xué)生與快樂有關(guān)——最快樂的學(xué)生進行實質(zhì)性談話的次數(shù)大約是最不快樂的學(xué)生的兩倍。

2.但現(xiàn)在還不要對閑聊一筆勾銷?？茖W(xué)家認(rèn)為閑聊可以增進感情；和所愛的人保持親密，不能僅僅是和陌生人尷尬的交流。

3.在一系列的實驗中，心理學(xué)家就是否與火車上的其他乘客交談給芝加哥的通勤者不同的建議。那些被告知與他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受獨處”或做他們通常會做的事情的人更愉快。沒有人說自己被拒絕了。

4.閑聊也能讓我們感覺和周圍的環(huán)境有聯(lián)系。與那些匆匆完成交易的人相比，那些對咖啡師微笑、與他們進行眼神交流、與他們簡短交談的人有更強的歸屬感。

5.但是那些被認(rèn)為“好奇”的人不需要別人的幫助，就能把平常的事情，比如喜歡的節(jié)日，變成親密的交流。作者總結(jié)說，一種“好奇的心態(tài)”可以導(dǎo)致“積極的社會互動”。去吧，pry。閑聊不必是無聊的。噪音也不全是壞事。

7.單選題

Itwasshamefulthattheargument（

）ahandfight..

問題1選項

A.endedin

B.cameto

C.endedup

D.culminatedin

【答案】D

【解析】句意:爭論以大打出手而告終真是可恥。

短語辨析。endin以…告終;cometo蘇醒，發(fā)生;endup最后成了……;culminatein以……告終,但強調(diào)以高潮結(jié)朿.由題干關(guān)鍵信息大打出手判斷D最符合。

8.翻譯題

人類在歷史上的生活正如旅行一樣。旅途上的征人所經(jīng)過的地方，有時是坦蕩平原，有時是崎嶇險路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高興興地向前走，走到崎嶇的境界，愈是奇趣橫生，覺得在此奇絕壯絕的境界，愈能感到一種冒險的美趣。

【答案】Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.

9.單選題

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（

）bytheformermilitaryruler.

問題1選項

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。void意為“無效的，空的”；vulgar意為“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus意為“過剩的”；extravagant意為“奢侈的，揮霍的，過分的”。

句意：最初的選舉被先前軍事統(tǒng)治統(tǒng)治者宣布無效。

10.單選題

NazismandFascismwere（

）tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

問題1選項

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:納粹和法西斯主義注定要被扔進歷史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

11.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnewpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthrough:theeyeball.Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.

Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowhetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanhetreatedmedically.

1.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

2.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

3.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

4.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

問題1選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

問題2選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題3選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye.

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

問題4選項

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世紀(jì)60年代，一種新工具被開發(fā)出來，它首先對軍隊和工業(yè)有很大的實用價值，同時也及時地使手術(shù)發(fā)生了革命性的改變。這種工具就是激光。選項中只有選項D符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。這意味著，本來不比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生的能量多的光，在集中成為針尖大小的光束后，就會變得非常強。選項A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.”不用手術(shù)刀，不用縫針，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，也許有些癌癥可以用激光治療，這只是作者的推測，并沒有真正實現(xiàn)，所以選項A和D錯誤；將來我們可以看到越來越多需要用藥物治療的病可以用激光治療，選項C表述太絕對，所以不正確；只有選項B符合原文。

12.單選題

TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.

TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.

Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthepointwherehenolongerwantstoacceptalowstandardofliving;evenJapaneseengineershavenowbeenorganizedintocollectivebargaininggroups.Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity,andJapanoftheManagersfacesseveretestastowhetheraneconomicslowdownwillprevailortheracewillcontinueatthesameunabatedpace.

Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannotwasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces.

Hecreditstheleadersoftheeconomywithearlyrecognitionofthefactthatwewillbebilgedtoliveinaworldthathasbeenradicallychangedbytherevolutionofthehighlyscientificindustriessuchasthepetrochemicalfieldandtheyquicklydevotedtheresourcescededforexpansioninthesecapital-hungryindustries.

HedelvesintothedaringandunorthodoxfinancialmethodsusedbytheManagersandtheadventurousspiritofthebankerswhoarebackedbytheBankofJapan.Thesepoliciessupportedtherapidacquisitionofthelatestpatents,processes,andequipment,andthebuildingofthemostmodernfactoriesandplant.Thishasresultedinleadershipinmanysegmentsofindustrysuchasjournalism,masstourism,transportation,steel,ship-building,electronics,television,radio,cameras,watches,plastics,motorcycles,andperhapsonthehorizon”automobiles.ItisinterestingtouschemicalengineersandchemiststhatMr.Guilianreferstohugeethyleneproductioncenterswiththeirenormoustowersandmetalspheresas"thenewshrinesoftheJapanoftheyear2000,theprodigioustemplesofthegodindustry.”

TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingofJapan,itshistory,politics,foreignpolicy,defensestrategy,relationswithRedChinaandRussia,Zaikai(bigbusinessgroups),financialinstitutions,tradingcompaniesmanagersunions,educationalstandards,wagestructure,technologicaldevelopments,andthepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe"bicycleeconomy"pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.

1.Thisarticle（）.

2.Thereviewer'sattitudetowardsthebookis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle（）.

4.Accordingtothewriterofthebookthegreatnesswithoutbombwillbeachieved（）.

5.Whatisprobablymeantby“bicycleeconomy”?

問題1選項

A.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian.

B.iswrittenbyMartinM.Ramer.

C.istranslatedfromFrenchbyPatrickO'Brian.

D.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian,translatedbyPatrickO5BrianandreviewedbyMartinM.Ramer.

問題2選項

A.skeptical

B.doubtful

C.thatofapproval

D.indifferent

問題3選項

A.productivityinJapanisdevelopingmorequicklythanthewageraise

B.thewageraiseandproductivityaredevelopingatthesamespeed.

C.thewageraisesurpassestheproductiongrowth.

D.economicdevelopmentwillseeaslowdowninthefutureinJapan.

問題4選項

A.througheconomicdevelopmentattheexpenseofarmament

B.througheconomicdevelopmentinaccordancewitharmament

C.throughthereplacementofthemilitarygovernmentbythegovernmentofmanagers

D.throughtheimplementationofcorrectpolicyineconomicdevelopment

問題5選項

A.thedevelopmentofbicycleindustry

B.keepingthebalanceintheeconomicrace

C.forgingaheadintheeconomicrace

D.independenceandself-relianceineconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第一句“TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.”中文翻譯：日本從第二次世界大戰(zhàn)廢墟中的重生及其到2000年的競賽，這是羅伯特?吉利安新書《日本的挑戰(zhàn)》的主題。因此答案為選項A。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。通過題干定位到原文最后一段“TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingof...”，中文翻譯：對于那些尋求理解……的人，《日本的挑戰(zhàn)》推薦閱讀?？芍罴汛鸢笧镃選項。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)選項內(nèi)容定位到文章“Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity.”，中文翻譯：日本正處于工資增長速度超過生產(chǎn)率的螺旋上升中?？芍鸢高x擇C“工資增長超過了生產(chǎn)增長”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞greatnesswithoutthebomb定位到文章Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannot,wasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces。中文翻譯為：吉利安先生解釋了管理人的政府是如何取代將軍政府的，以及如何能一直維持國家的工業(yè)擴張政策，實現(xiàn)“沒有戰(zhàn)爭的偉大”。管理者們相信，未來唯一的真正實力將是經(jīng)濟實力，日本不能在軍事戰(zhàn)爭或軍備競賽中浪費自己的力量?？芍?，D項符合題目描述。

5.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到原文“thepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe‘bicycleeconomy’pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.”中文翻譯為：那些在經(jīng)濟競賽中繼續(xù)推動“自行車經(jīng)濟”奮力向前的人。綜合可知。C選項為正確答案。

13.單選題

The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

問題1選項

A.clash

B.clarify

C.clarity

D.clatter

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項clash“沖突，不協(xié)調(diào)”；B選項clarify“澄清，闡明”；C選項clarity“清楚，明晰”；D選項clatter“嘩啦聲，嘈雜的談笑聲”。句意：泉水的（）吸引了這個國家其他地方的許多游客。本句表達(dá)的意思是“泉水的嘩啦啦聲吸引了人們的注意”，因此D選項符合題意。

14.單選題

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

問題1選項

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好魚多得是（強中更有強中手）。

固定搭配?！癮s（作副詞用）+形容詞或副詞+as（作連詞用）”表示同級比較。

15.單選題

Thesenationalparksareveryimportantforpreservingmanyanimals,whowould（）runtheriskofbecomingextinct.

問題1選項

A.instead

B.nevertheless

C.therefore

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項instead“代替；反而；相反”；B選項nevertheless“然而，不過”；C選項therefore“因此；所以”；D選項otherwise“否則；另外”。句意：這些國家公園對保護許多動物非常重要，否則這些動物將面臨滅絕的危險。前后部分為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此D項正確。

16.翻譯題

Mytopictodayis“TheCarandAirPollution.”Inparticular,Iwantfirstlytodiscussthewaysinwhichthecarcausesairpollution;andsecondly,howwecancontrolorreduceairpollutionfromthecar.

First,then,howdoesthecarcauseairpollution?1.Whathappensisthatthecar’sinternalcombustionengineisakindofchemicalfactoryonasmallscale.Itusesamixtureofpetrolandair,andthismixtureexplodesandburns,toproducetheenergywhichpropelsthecar.2.Butwhilethisishappening,manycomplicatedchemicalreactionsaretakingplace.Inparticular,partofthepetrol-airmixtureisnotcompletelyburnedup,andsotheexhaustgasesfromtheenginecontainsomeverydangerouschemicals,suchascarbonmonoxide,nitrogenoxides,leadandhydrocarbons.

Thisisthesituation,then,andit’sgoingtogetmuchworse,unlesswedosomethingaboutit.Solet’sfocusourattentionnowonwaysofcontrollingorreducingtheamountofairpollutioncausedbythecar.

First,wecandiscouragetheuseofcars.Forexample,wecanputhighertaxesonpetrol,andoncarsthemselves,especiallyonlargeronesthatusealotofpetrol.

3.Second,wecanencouragealternativemethodsoftransport,bothbetweenandwithinurbanareas.Forinstance,wecanmaketrainandbusservicescheaperandmoreconvenient.Andwecanbuildamasstransitsysteminlargecities,particularlyanundergroundrailwaysystem.

Next,wecanuseadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine.

Fourth,wecanreplacetheinternalcombustionenginewithotherdesigns.Thereareseveralpossibilitiesbeingresearchedatpresent,suchaselectric,gasturbine,and“steam”enginesgasturbine,andsteamengines.However,eachofthesedesignshasitsowndisadvantages.

4.Lastbutnottheleast,wearetryingtocontroltheemissionsfromtheinternalcombustionenginemuchmorestrictly.This,forexample,isacatalytic(催化式)converter,whichconvertsthemostdangerousingredientsofthecarexhaustintowaterandharmlessgases.

AsI’msureyoucansee,thereareproblemswitheachoftheseways;butatleastthey’reastepintherightdirection.Probablythebestanswerisasynthesisofallfive.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）汽車導(dǎo)致空氣污染是因為汽車內(nèi)燃機實際上是一座小型化工廠。內(nèi)燃機所用的燃料是汽油和空氣的混合物。這種混合物燃爆后產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動力。

（2）但是，汽油同空氣燃爆時，許多復(fù)雜的化學(xué)反應(yīng)也同時發(fā)生。特別值得注意的是，汽油和空氣混合物不能完全燃燒，發(fā)動機產(chǎn)生的各種廢氣含有一些非常有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

（3）第二，我們可以鼓勵在城市內(nèi)部和城市之間使用替代的交通工具。比如，我們可以使火車和公共汽車服務(wù)更加廉價和便利。我們可以在大城市建立公交系統(tǒng)，特別是地鐵系統(tǒng)。

（4）最后，我們正在嘗試更加嚴(yán)格地控制內(nèi)燃機釋放的氣體。比如，催化式排氣凈化器，它將汽車廢氣中最危險的成分轉(zhuǎn)變成水和無害氣體。

17.單選題

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

問題1選項

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項“attention”，意為注意力，關(guān)心；B選項“heed”，意為“注意，聽從”；C選項“grief”，意為“悲痛，憂傷”；D選項“tribute”意為“致敬，悼念”，句意：總統(tǒng)向滅火的消防隊員致敬，稱贊他們的勇敢拯救了無數(shù)生命。因此，D選項符合句意。

18.不定項選擇題

Predictingthefutureisriskybusinessforascientist.Itissafetosay,however,thattheglobalAIDSepidemicwillgetmuchworsebeforeitgetsanybetter.Sadly,thismodernplaguewillbewithusforseveralgenerations,despitemajorscientificadvances.

AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone,theAIDSvirushasbecomethedeadliestmicrobeintheworld,morelethalthanevenTBandmalaria.Thereare34developingcountrieswheretheprevalenceofthisinfectionis2%orgreater.InAfricanearlyadozencountrieshavearatehigherthan10%,includingfoursouthernAfricannationsinwhichaquarterofthepeopleareinfected.Andthesituationcontinuestoworsen;morethan6millionnewinfectionsappearedin1999.Thisislikecondemning16,000peopleeachdaytoaslowandmiserabledeath.

Fortunately,theAIDSstoryhasnotbeenallgloomanddoom.LessthantwoyearsafterAIDSwasrecognized,theguiltyagent—humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,orHIV—wasidentified.WenowknowmoreaboutHIVthanaboutanyothervirus,and14AIDSdrugshavebeendevelopedandlicensedintheU.S.andWesternEurope.

Theepidemiccontinuestorage,however,inSouthAmerica,EasternEuropeandsub-SaharanAfrica.Bytheyear2025,AIDSwillbebyfarthemajorkillerofyoungAfricans,decreasinglifeexpectancytoaslowas40yearsinsomecountriesandsingle-handedlyerasingthepublichealthgainsofthepast50years.

ItisAsia,withitshugepopulationatrisk,thatwillhavethebiggestimpactontheglobalspreadofAIDS.Themagnitudeofthepandemiccouldrangefrom100millionto1billion,dependinglargelyonwhathappensinIndiaandChina.FourmillionpeoplehavealreadybecomeHIV-positiveinIndia,andinfectionislikelytoreachseveralpercentinapopulationof1billion.HalfamillionChinesearenowinfected;thetrajectoryofChina’sepidemic,however,islesscertain.

AnexplosiveAIDSepidemicintheU.S.isunlikely.Instead,HIVinfectionwillcontinuetofesterinabout0.5%ofthepopulation.Butthecomplexionoftheepidemicwillchange.NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.Nevertheless,Americanpatientswilllivequalitylivesfordecades,thankstoadvancesinmedicalresearch.Dozensofpowerfulandwell-toleratedAIDSdrugswillbedeveloped,aswillnovelmeanstorestoretheimmunesystem.

AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext?

2.Thephrase“gloomanddoom”(L1,Para.3)probablymeans（）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatisticsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?

4.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thecureforAIDSwillprobablymainlydependson（）

問題1選項

A.TheSpreadofHIV...AndWillWeEverCureAIDS?

B.TheWorseSituationofAIDS...WillAIDSRuinHumanBeing?

C.TheStatisticsofAIDS...WillAIDSSpreadaroundtheWorld?

D.TheExpansionofHIV...WillAsiaBecometheCoreofAIDS?

問題2選項

A.obscurityandsadness.

B.darknessanddespair.

C.ruinanddeath.

D.disappointmentandend.

問題3選項

A.InIndia,thereare4,000,000peoplewhohavebeenfoundHIV-positive,theinfectionratealmostreachingdozenpercentin1millionpeople.

B.InChina,about50,000peopleareinfectedbyHIV,withthechannelofspreadingunknowntotheChinesephysiciansandresearchersintheworld.

C.AIDSepidemichascaused15,000,000deathsinthewholeworldbyJanuary2000andmorethan3,000,000peoplediedofitinthelastyear.

D.IntheUnitedStates,HIVinfectionwillgoontoattackabout5%ofthewholepopulationandleadtoanexplosiveAIDSepidemicinthecountry.

問題4選項

A.HIVwasfoundmorethantwoyearsearlierthanAIDSwasidentified.

B.peopleknowalittlemoreaboutHIVthanaboutmostotherviruses.

C.AIDScontinuestoragemorewildlyinAfricathaninAsia.

D.HIVinfectionswillmostlyhappeninthepoorandinminorgroups.

問題5選項

A.internationalcooperation.

B.powerfuldrugs.

C.economicsituation.

D.strongwill.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:文章標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)全文的大意，我們看到全文一直圍繞的是艾滋病的危害和藥物的研發(fā)，B選項并沒有提及，C選項艾滋病毒已經(jīng)蔓延到全世界了，D只是最后幾段有提到亞洲，但是沒有說亞洲是中心的意思，因此答案是A。

第2題:詞義辨析題。gloom意為“昏暗”，doom意為“死亡，厄運”；A選項的obscurity是“朦朧；陰暗”的意思，D選項是“悲傷失望和終結(jié)”，與題干最符合，答案為D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。問：下列哪個數(shù)據(jù)是對的？正確的是C選項，答案在第二段的開頭：AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone.（截至2000年1月，艾滋病已奪去1500萬人的生命，使4000萬人生活在病毒感染中，這種病毒緩慢而無情地侵蝕著免疫系統(tǒng)。僅去年一年，就有300多萬人死于艾滋病病毒。）這句話就是C選項的轉(zhuǎn)述。

第4題:推斷題。D選項的提示點在倒數(shù)第二段，“NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.”因此D正確；A、B、C通過原文都能判定出是錯誤的。

第5題:本題的答案在最后一段?！癆cureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.（到2025年治愈艾滋病是不可想象的。但受經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實的限制，這些治療方面的進步在美國和西歐以外的國家的效果有限。）”因此可以看出，治療艾滋病毒最重要的是經(jīng)濟實力，有經(jīng)濟實力才能去開發(fā)藥物治療病毒，因此答案為C。

19.單選題

Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine（）planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.

問題1選項

A.cycling

B.whirling

C.surrounding

D.orbiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項cycling“騎腳踏車消遣，騎腳踏車兜風(fēng)”；B選項whirling“旋轉(zhuǎn)”；C選項surrounding“周圍的，附近的”；D選項orbiting“盤旋；繞軌道運行”。句意：與九顆（）太陽運行的行星相比，太陽是非常大的，而九顆行星又由三十三顆衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞著。這里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“軌道行星”，因此D選項符合題意。

20.單選題

Pennyhaddroppedthelargetowel,whichwasflungaroundhershoulders,andwasrunningintothesea.“Comeon,”shesaid.“I’llraceyou.”

Nicholastookoffhisbeach-wrapandfollowedherintothewater.Itwaschillyenoughtomakehimgaspbuthesteepedinbravely,andcontinueduntilhewasuptohiswaistandthendived,comingupclosetoherside.Thenhesetoffatasteadyrhythmiccrawlfortheboat,aboutfiftyyardsaway.

“Hi!”shoutedPenny,chasingafterhim.“Ithoughtyoucouldn’tswim!”“Ineversaidso.”Nicholascalledbackandhewentfaster,findingtohisjoythathisinjuredhandsweremovingeasilyinthewater.Theearlymorningsunshonewarmlyonhiswetheadandtheseasparkled.Hereachedtheboatalittlebreathless,buthappierthanhehadeverbeensincethenightofthecrash.Heknewheswamwell.Hehadbeentaughtbyaprofessionalteacherwhenhewasonlysevenandsincethenhehadbathedinmostoftheoceansoftheworld.Itwastheonlysportallowedtohimandhehadmadethemostofit.

Pennypulledherselfupinto