考研考博-英語-云南藝術(shù)學(xué)院文華學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-云南藝術(shù)學(xué)院文華學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.havebeenputin

B.hasbeenputin

C.beingputin

D.tobeputin

【答案】B

【解析】句意:該研究需要的經(jīng)費(fèi)比己經(jīng)投入的經(jīng)費(fèi)要多。

語法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“requires”為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)知“錢的被投入屬于己經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作”，再由“money錢”表示單數(shù)知B項(xiàng)“hasbeenputin（這里has前面省略了關(guān)系代詞that）”正確。

2.單選題

Thisborderincidentledtothetwocountries（

）diplomaticrelationsin1965.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.breakingup

B.finishing

C.cuttingout

D.breakingoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。breakup“打碎，分手”；finish“完成”；cutout“切斷，刪去”；breakoff“中斷”。句意：這次邊境沖突導(dǎo)致這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在1965年中斷了外交關(guān)系。由borderincident可推知這兩國(guó)中斷了外交關(guān)系。答案D

3.單選題

Inanageofperpetualdigitalconnectedness,whydopeopleseemsodisconnected?InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.

Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.

It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-line,e-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonline,allyouhavetodoistologoff.

Theproblemis,asempathywanes,sodoestrust.Andwithouttrust,youcan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“l(fā)eancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.“Technologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffective,”saidNorthcraftinastatement.“Somethingisbeinggained,butsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistime,andthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.”

InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy,200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theother,pricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mail,someviavideo-conferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheend,thosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.

Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetings,duringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesare,breedmoretrust.Overe-mail,meanwhile,confirmationofhardworkgetslost,whichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.

17.ThestudyofinterpersonalrelationshipsbyDukeUniversityrevealsthat（）.

18.Thereasonwhypeoplefeelisolatedandbecomelessempatheticisthat（）.

19.Accordingtothepassage,the“l(fā)eancommunication”（）.

20.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplebecomeshyerandtimiderthanbefore

B.peopletendtobelesscompassionatethanbefore

C.peoplemayfeelmoreisolatedthanbefore

D.peopleprefercommunicatingwithothersonline

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisverychallengingtofosterafriendshipinreallife

B.theyhavemoreopportunitiestogettoknownewpeople

C.digitalcommunicationisreplacingreal-lifefriendships

D.itiseasytoescapefromhelpingtheirfriendsiftheylike

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.makesusworkmoreeffectively

B.lacksnon-verbalinteraction

C.helpspeopletodeveloptrust

D.facilitatesworkplacecooperation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Digitalcommunicationishurtingpersonalrelationship.

B.Onlinenetworkingmaytaketheplaceofofflinerelationship.

C.Newmediacontributelesstofosteringrealfriendship.

D.Real-lifemeetingscanbreedtrustamongstudents.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】17.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第二句InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.（在杜克大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，從1985年到2004年，說找不到可以一起討論重要事情的人的比例增加了兩倍，達(dá)到25%；同樣的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，總體而言，美國(guó)人的朋友和知己比幾十年前少了三分之一。），說明杜克大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)和以前相比，人們的朋友更少，更孤立。因此C選項(xiàng)“人們可能會(huì)感到比以前更加孤立”正確。A選項(xiàng)“人們會(huì)變得比以前更害羞、更膽小”，B選項(xiàng)“人們的同情心往往不如以前了”，D選項(xiàng)“人們更喜歡在網(wǎng)上與人交流”均不屬于杜克大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

18.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.（密歇根大學(xué)的研究人員最近進(jìn)行的另一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與上一代人相比，如今的大學(xué)生明顯缺乏同情心。心理學(xué)家推測(cè)，原因可能與我們?cè)絹碓揭蕾嚁?shù)字交流和其他形式的新媒體有關(guān)。），說明人們變得缺乏同情心的原因是越來越依賴線上交流。因此C選項(xiàng)“數(shù)字交流正在取代現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的朋友關(guān)系”正確。A選項(xiàng)“在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中培養(yǎng)友誼是非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情”，B選項(xiàng)“他們有更多的機(jī)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友”，D選項(xiàng)“如果他們想的話，可以輕松逃避幫助朋友”均不符合題意，所以A，B，D錯(cuò)誤。

19.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)eancommunication”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“l(fā)eancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.（諾斯克拉夫特說，像電子郵件和視頻會(huì)議這樣的高科技溝通方式，有時(shí)被認(rèn)為是“低效溝通”，因?yàn)樗鼈兒苌儆醒凵窠涣骱腿藗兛梢砸蕾嚨淖藙?shì)等線索，它們剝奪了培養(yǎng)信任所需的人際互動(dòng)。），說明“低效溝通”意味著缺乏眼神交流和肢體語言，即缺乏人與人之間的交流與互動(dòng)。因此B選項(xiàng)“缺乏非語言互動(dòng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“使我們的工作更有效率”，由原文可知，作者并不認(rèn)為科技能使我們工作更加有效，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“有助于人們建立信任”，原文說到stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust（剝奪了人們培養(yǎng)信任所必需的人與人之間的互動(dòng)），說明“低效溝通”并不能加強(qiáng)信任，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)職場(chǎng)合作”，由原文可知，科技讓人失去了人際關(guān)系的品質(zhì)，通過電子郵件等高科技通訊手段交流的小組在合作以及完成任務(wù)方面表現(xiàn)得是最差的，說明“低效溝通”不能促進(jìn)職場(chǎng)合作，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

20.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章首先介紹了研究表明線上交流會(huì)讓人感覺更孤單、缺乏同情心，接著又介紹了線上交流不利于職場(chǎng)合作，并舉出具體的例子來證明這一點(diǎn)。由此可知本文的主題是線上交流會(huì)危害人際關(guān)系。因此A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)字交流正在傷害人際關(guān)系”正確。B選項(xiàng)“線上網(wǎng)絡(luò)可能會(huì)取代線下關(guān)系的地位”，C選項(xiàng)“新媒體對(duì)培養(yǎng)真正的友情貢獻(xiàn)較小”，D選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的見面可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生之間的信任”均不能完整地概括本文的主旨，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.單選題

Wemust（）theproblemofpovertyassoonaspossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abolish

B.tackle

C.remove

D.encounter

【答案】B

【解析】abolish廢除；tackle解決,

處理,

對(duì)付；remove移除；encounter遭遇,

邂逅。句意：我們必須盡快處理貧困問題。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

5.單選題

Thewastepipeisblocked;try（

）itoutwithhotwater,orjustcalltheplumbertodoit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.flushing

B.blushing

C.brushing

D.crushing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)flush“發(fā)紅，臉紅，（用水）沖洗凈，沖洗”；B選項(xiàng)blush“（因?qū)擂位蚝π撸┠樇t，（因某事）羞愧，尷尬”；C選項(xiàng)brush“（用刷子）刷凈，刷亮”；D選項(xiàng)brush“壓壞，壓碎”。由Thewastepipeisblocked（污水管塞住了）可知A選項(xiàng)符合語義，表示用水沖洗。句意：污水管塞住了，試著用熱水沖洗，或者叫水管工來做。

6.單選題

Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren（

）aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.modifying

B.duplicating

C.accelerating

D.stimulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。modify“修改，更正”；duplicate“復(fù)制”；accelerate“使…加快”；stimulate“刺激，鼓舞”。句意：最近，媒體對(duì)兒童模仿電視上的暴力行為事件進(jìn)行了大量報(bào)道。B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B

7.單選題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess

B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducation

C.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollege

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRE

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”，中文翻譯為：但我們卻不承認(rèn)我們的癡迷（對(duì)上首選大學(xué)）更多是關(guān)于我們自己而非他們（指自己的小孩）?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“相比小孩自己，他們更關(guān)心自己的小孩去哪所大學(xué)上學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.”，中文翻譯為：我們將自己小孩的大學(xué)背景當(dāng)成展示我們?cè)鯓雍芎玫仞B(yǎng)育他們的一種獎(jiǎng)賞。以及原文第二段“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizetogoaround.”，中文翻譯為：我們有完全成熟的名譽(yù)恐慌，我們擔(dān)心沒有充足的獎(jiǎng)賞?？芍狝選項(xiàng)“他們想增加自己小孩進(jìn)入著名大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)”為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家AlanKrueger對(duì)入學(xué)一個(gè)頂級(jí)博士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試的高分?jǐn)?shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學(xué)，而名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)位卻沒有?？梢缘弥狢選項(xiàng)“小孩的實(shí)際能力比他們的大學(xué)背景更重要”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由B項(xiàng)“著名大學(xué)的學(xué)位不保證學(xué)生進(jìn)入研究生項(xiàng)目”可以定位到文章第三段中“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家AlanKrueger對(duì)入學(xué)一個(gè)頂級(jí)博士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國(guó)研究生入學(xué)考試的高分?jǐn)?shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學(xué)，而名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)位卻沒有。故選B。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”，中文翻譯為：一個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在其他事情一樣的情況下，精英學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意。判斷出答案為C項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诋厴I(yè)后經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意”。

8.單選題

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadulytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthoughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSummerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsallInternetstart-lipinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeover-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

（

）.

4.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

（

）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.doctorsarchelplessagainstfataldiseases

C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“第一句話暗含著……”。文章第一段第一句提到“據(jù)說，死亡在英國(guó)是迫在眉睫，在加拿大是不可避免，而在加利福尼亞是可以選擇的”（ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional），第二三句提到“很少有人懷疑美國(guó)人的壽命在上個(gè)世紀(jì)已經(jīng)幾乎翻倍。壞死的髖骨可以更換……”（SmallwonderAmericans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced…），由此可以看出美國(guó)人對(duì)自己的醫(yī)療技術(shù)非常有信心，選項(xiàng)C“美國(guó)人對(duì)他們的醫(yī)療技術(shù)過分自信”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。題目問的是“作者使用癌癥患者的例子去表明……”。文章第一段倒數(shù)第三句話提到“由于醫(yī)療費(fèi)用由第三方支付，我們要求盡可能為我們做任何治療，盡管這些治療毫無用處”（Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless），然后提到癌癥治療，由此可以推測(cè)作者認(rèn)為這種做法使得醫(yī)療資源被浪費(fèi)了，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對(duì)理查德?拉姆的評(píng)論的態(tài)度是……”。理查德?拉姆認(rèn)為“老人和虛弱的病人應(yīng)該坦然面對(duì)死亡，為他人讓路”。文章第三段提到“我不會(huì)那么極端”（Iwouldnotgothatfar），即在某些程度上不認(rèn)同理查德的觀點(diǎn)；最后一段提到“但是社會(huì)在延長(zhǎng)人的壽命的追求上是有極限的”（Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit），所以在這個(gè)意義上作者同意理查德的看法，因此選項(xiàng)B“保留意見”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“與美國(guó)相比，日本和瑞典正……資助自己的醫(yī)療”。文章最后一段提到“在醫(yī)療上的花費(fèi)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于我們的日本和瑞典人，獲得比我們更長(zhǎng)，更健康。作為一個(gè)民族，我們可能在尋求無效的治療方法上花錢太多，而在提高人們生活質(zhì)量的普通醫(yī)療方面花錢太少”（peopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeover-fundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunder-fundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives），由此可推測(cè)，日本與瑞典在醫(yī)療上的花費(fèi)更合理。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章試圖闡述……”。文章第一段提到“但是，即使是一個(gè)偉大的醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)也無法治愈死亡，而我們未能正視這一現(xiàn)實(shí)。死亡是正常的，即使在理想的條件下，基因也會(huì)解體和滅亡”（Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.寫作題

Youaresupposedtowritealettertotheeditorofajournalinyourfield,thankinghimforsuggestionsandadviceforyourpapersubmitted,andinforminghimofthemodificationsandimprovementsyouhavemade.

1.Thelettershouldbeginwith“DearEditor”.

2.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

4.Donotwritetheaddress.

【答案】DearEditor,

Itisapleasantsurpriseformetolearnthroughyourlong-distancecallthatmyresearchpaperentitledTheCulturalConnotationofMissouriNicknameShowMeStateandItsDifferentChineseVersionswillbepublishedinthefirstissueofyourjournalin2014,whoseimpactfactorismorethan1.0.

TodayIamwritingtoyoutoextendmysincerethanksforyourrepeatedscrutinyandrevisionofmyresearchpaper.Ifithadnotbeenforyourwarm-heartedhelpandpatienttutelage,myresearchpaperwouldhavecontainedmuchmoreerrorsandimperfectionsthanitactuallydoes.Forexample,inthisthesis,IsimplyputforwardtheculturalconnotationofMissouri’snicknameShowMeStateandseveralChinesetranslatednameswithoutrememberingtopointoutitsorigin,bymeansofwhichthereadingaudienceintheEnglish-speakingworldandthenon-English-speakingworldcanhaveanin-depthunderstandingofitsculturalconnotation.Itisyourguidancethathasenabledmetoimprovealotmytreatise,whichhasbecomemoresubstantialthanitusedtobe.Youradviceisenlighteningandhasbroadenedmyhorizons.Itisyouwhohavegivenmeconfidence,inspirationandacademiccourage.IwillsticktomycurrentresearchorientationandstrivetocreatemoreresearchpapersrelatedtoAmericanculture.

BestRegards.

Yoursrespectfully

LiMing

10.單選題

ArewegoingtoseeanendtotheArab-Israelidisagreement?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disaster

B.controversy

C.confrontation

D.aggression

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disaster“災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍；不幸”；B選項(xiàng)controversy“辯論”；C選項(xiàng)confrontation“對(duì)抗；對(duì)峙”；D選項(xiàng)aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我們會(huì)看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧結(jié)束嗎。A選項(xiàng)disaster（災(zāi)難）不能形容兩個(gè)國(guó)家的分歧。B選項(xiàng)controversy（辯論），可以排除。D選項(xiàng)aggression（侵犯），這里并沒有體現(xiàn)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的侵略。C選項(xiàng)confrontation（對(duì)峙）最符合題意，由此得知C選項(xiàng)正確。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Youmaybereadingthiswhileonaconferencecall,pushingyourchildonaswing—orboth.Butismultitaskingreallyagoodidea,ordoesitmakeusdoeverythingmoreslowlyandlesswellthanifwewereconcentratingononetaskatatime?

Psychologistsciterobustresearchthatpayingmoreattentiontoataskimprovesperformance.Humans,theyargue,aregoodatdoingrapidlysequentialtasks,ratherthansimultaneousones.MyteenagersinsistitisfinetorevisewhiletextingandwatchingYouTube—buttheyarewrong.In2009,aresearchteamfromStanford,ledbyCliffordNass,comparedheavyversuslightmediamultitaskersinaseriesoftests.Nassthoughttheheaviermultitaskerswouldbebetteratorganisingandstoringinformationandhavesuperiormemories,butitturnedoutthattheoppositewastrue.Whenthegroupswereshownconfigurationsofcolouredshapesandaskedtoremembertheirpositionsandignoreothers,themultitaskerscouldn’tdoit.Theywereconstantlydistractedandtheirabilitytoswitchbetweentasks,filterirrelevantinformationandrememberwhattheyhadseenwasworsethanthelightermultitaskers.

AteamledbyDavidStrayerattheUniversityofUtahlookedatpeoplewhodrivewhileusingthephoneandfoundthattheyweremorethantwiceaslikelytomissstopsigns.Inalaterstudy,Strayerfoundthatpeoplewhoaremostlikelytomultitaskarethosewhothinktheyaregreatatit.Seventypercentofthe310studentsinhisstudythoughttheywereaboveaverageatmultitasking.Peoplewhomultitaskedthemosthadhighlevelsofimpulsivebehaviourandweregenerallythemostill-suitedtoattemptmorethanonejobatatime.

Nass’sresearchledhimtosuggestthatweshouldspend20minutesononetaskandthenswitchtoanother,ratherthanflittinganyfasterbetweenthetwo.Teststhatmeasuretheabilitytoremembershapesarelesscompellingthanreal-lifemultitaskingresearch,buttheevidencesuggeststhatwedeludeourselvesifwethinkwecandomorethanonethingwellatthesametime.Limitedresearchsuggeststhatwomenmaybeateenybitbetteratit,butfewofusarenaturals.Strayer’sresearchsuggeststhataround3%ofthepopulationare“supertaskers”whodobetterthemoretheydo.Therestofus,however,shouldsticktoonethingatatime.

36.TheauthormaybesuggestinginParagraph1that________.

37.AccordingtoParagraph2,researchsuggeststhathumansperformwellwhen________.

38.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutheavymultitaskers?

39.Strayer’sstudiesshowthat________.

40.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswomen’smultitaskingability?

41.Apossiblesuggestionfromtheauthoristo________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.babysittingslowsdownone’swork

B.multitaskingiscommon

C.multitaskingismoreeffective

D.concentrationisagoodidea

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.doingseveraltasksatatime

B.doingthingsslowly

C.doingtasksonebyone

D.doingthingsenergetically

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtoignoreothers.

B.Theyarelesslikelytostayfocused.

C.Theyhavesuperiormemories.

D.Theymanagetimewell.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.peopleoverestimatetheirmultitaskingability

B.teenagersarebetteratmultitasking

C.studentsaremorelikelytomultitask

D.impulsivepeoplearenotsuitedtomultitask

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Optimistic.

B.Confident.

C.Critical.

D.Prudent.

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.worklessthan20minutesononetask

B.thinktwicebeforetakingaction

C.spendlesstimeonsocialmedia

D.dothingssequentially

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:D

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

TheauthormaybesuggestinginParagraph1that________.作者在第1段中可能暗示了________。

A.babysittingslowsdownone’sworkA.照看孩子會(huì)使人的工作變慢

B.multitaskingiscommonB.多任務(wù)處理很普遍

C.multitaskingismoreeffectiveC.多任務(wù)處理更有效

D.concentrationisagoodideaD.集中注意力是個(gè)好主意

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph1可以定位到文章第1段，本段第1句舉了若干例子“你可能正在電話會(huì)議上讀這篇文章（readingthiswhileonaconferencecall），或者推著你的孩子蕩秋千（pushingyourchildonaswing）——或者兩者都有（orboth）?！保@些都是屬于同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)事情的“多任務(wù)處理（multitasking）”，說明在日常生活中邊工作邊處理家務(wù)事這種多任務(wù)處理是很常見的。因此B選項(xiàng)“多任務(wù)處理很普遍”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“照看孩子會(huì)使人的工作變慢”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞babysitting可以定位到文章第1段第1句“或者推著你的孩子蕩秋千（pushingyourchildonaswing）”，此處只是作為多任務(wù)處理的一個(gè)例子，文中并沒有提到照看孩子會(huì)使人的工作變慢，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“多任務(wù)處理更有效”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞multitasking可以定位到文章第1段第2句“但是，多任務(wù)處理（multitasking）真的是一個(gè)好主意嗎（agoodidea）”，只是作者提出的一個(gè)疑問，說明在第1段中不能體現(xiàn)多任務(wù)處理是否更有效，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“集中注意力是個(gè)好主意”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞concentration可以定位到文章第1段第2句“還是說它會(huì)讓我們做每件事都比一次只專注于（concentratingon）一項(xiàng)任務(wù)完成得更慢、更差（moreslowlyandlesswell）？”，同樣只是作者提出的一個(gè)疑問，說明在第1段中也不能體現(xiàn)集中注意力是否有效，屬于無中生有。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

AccordingtoParagraph2,researchsuggeststhathumansperformwellwhen________.根據(jù)第2段，研究表明人們?cè)赺_______的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)良好。

A.doingseveraltasksatatimeA.一次做幾項(xiàng)任務(wù)

B.doingthingsslowlyB.慢慢地做事情

C.doingtasksonebyoneC.一個(gè)接一個(gè)地完成任務(wù)

D.doingthingsenergeticallyD.精力充沛地做事情

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞research可以定位到文章第2段第1句“心理學(xué)家引用了有力的研究（robustresearch），認(rèn)為對(duì)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)（atask）投入更多的注意力可以提高表現(xiàn)（improvesperformance）。”，說明研究表明人們?cè)谝淮沃蛔鲆豁?xiàng)任務(wù)，完成一項(xiàng)之后再去做下一項(xiàng)的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)會(huì)更好。因此C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)接一個(gè)地完成任務(wù)”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“一次做幾項(xiàng)任務(wù)”，文章說的是對(duì)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)投入更多的注意力可以提高表現(xiàn)，而不是同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)任務(wù)，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“慢慢地做事情”，文章第2段第2句提到“他們認(rèn)為，人類擅長(zhǎng)快速（rapidly）做連續(xù)的任務(wù)”，說明慢慢做事并不能使表現(xiàn)更好，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“精力充沛地做事情”在文章中沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutheavymultitaskers?關(guān)于重度多任務(wù)處理者，以下哪項(xiàng)是正確的？

A.Theytendtoignoreothers.A.他們傾向于忽略其他形狀。

B.Theyarelesslikelytostayfocused.B.他們不太可能保持專注。

C.Theyhavesuperiormemories.C.他們有優(yōu)越的記憶力。

D.Theymanagetimewell.D.他們能很好地管理時(shí)間。