考研考博-英語(yǔ)-徐州生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-徐州生物工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

I'vebecomesomewhatphysicallyunfit,soI'vestartedgoingtothegymonceaweektoseeifIcan（）mybody.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tidyup

B.toneup

C.takeup

D.eatup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)tidyup表示“收拾，整理”；B選項(xiàng)toneup表示“増強(qiáng)；提高（聲調(diào)等）使更健康”；C選項(xiàng)takeup表示“拿起；開(kāi)始從事；占據(jù)（時(shí)間，地方）”；D選項(xiàng)eatup表示“吃光；耗盡；擊垮”。根據(jù)somewhatphysicallyunfit（身體有點(diǎn)不健康）可知，空缺處應(yīng)為“使更健康”，故B項(xiàng)正確。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：我的身體已有些許不適，所以我開(kāi)始每周去一次健身房，看看是否可以讓身體更健康。

2.單選題

Thereisconcernthatpoliceusethelawto（

）assetsfrompeoplewhohavecommittedminoroffences.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confiscate

B.offset

C.submit

D.intensify

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。confiscate意為“沒(méi)收”；offset意為“抵消”；submit意為“順從”；intensity意為“加強(qiáng)，增強(qiáng)”。

句意：有人擔(dān)心警察利用法律從輕微犯罪分子那里沒(méi)收財(cái)產(chǎn)。

3.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)retard“延遲，阻止，妨礙”，B項(xiàng)peruse“詳細(xì)考察，精讀”，C項(xiàng)detain“拘留，留住，耽擱”，D項(xiàng)attain“達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)，獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂(lè)趣、沒(méi)有痛苦的生活等于幸?！保Y(jié)合actually“實(shí)際上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：人們相信充滿樂(lè)趣、沒(méi)有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，這實(shí)際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Sincetheauthor’sunflatteringreferencestoherfriendswereso________,shewassurprisedthather______wererecognized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.laudatory...styles

B.obvious...anecdotes

C.oblique...allusions

D.critical...eulogies

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞和名詞詞義辨析。laudatory“贊美的”；obvious“明顯的”；oblique“不光明正大的”；critical“批判的”。style“風(fēng)格”；anecdote“軼事，奇聞”；allusion“暗示，提及”；eulogy“悼詞，頌詞”。句意：作者間接地指出了她的朋友們的不當(dāng)之處，但是使她驚訝的是，這種暗示得到了大家的認(rèn)可。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

5.單選題

What（）aboutthatarticleinthenewspaperwasthatitswritershowedallattitudecoolenough,professionalenoughand,therefore,cruelenoughwhenfacingthattragedy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.workedmeout

B.knockedmeout

C.broughtmeup

D.putmeforward

【答案】B

【解析】workout算出，解決；knocksb.out把某人打昏，使疲勞；bringsb.up把某人撫養(yǎng)大；putforward提出。句意：報(bào)紙上那篇文章讓我大吃一驚的是，它的作者在面對(duì)那場(chǎng)悲劇時(shí)，表現(xiàn)出了足夠冷靜、足夠?qū)I(yè)的態(tài)度，因此也足夠殘忍。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Dr.Brownbecameirritatedwhenthescienceexperimentthatwassupposedtoconfirmhisfindingsendedup______them.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lingering

B.trampling

C.diminishing

D.debunking

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)linger“消磨，緩慢度過(guò)”，B項(xiàng)trample“踐踏，蔑視”，C項(xiàng)diminish“使減少，使變小”，D項(xiàng)debunk“揭穿……的真相，拆穿……的假面具”。由句子可知，thatwassupposedtoconfirmhisfindings在句子中作定語(yǔ)修飾scienceexperiment，表示“這個(gè)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)本應(yīng)該證實(shí)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)”，而空格處是填入一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞修飾scienceexperimentendedup這一句子，結(jié)合定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容和選項(xiàng)，可知只有debunking符合語(yǔ)境，表示“揭穿真相”。句意：當(dāng)本應(yīng)證實(shí)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)最終揭穿了他們的謊言時(shí)，布朗博士非常惱火。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

7.問(wèn)答題

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70to90words.PutyoursummaryontheANSWERSHEET.

WhatisSociety?Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,asacollectivebody,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Oneofthebestdirectanalogiesiswiththehumanbodyitself.Thecellsareallalive,independently,yettheygrouptogetherandestablishroles,responsibilities,andrelationshipsthatallowagreaterwholetoexistthatismorethanjustthesumoftheparts.Thecellsgainfromthespecificrolestheyplaybecausetheyareallowedtobewhattheyaremoreeffectively.Further,theyaregivenalimitedawarenessofthewholethattheireffortsaidincreating.

Similarly,whenindividualhumanbeingsgrouptogethertoformsocieties,anorganizationiscreatedinwhichthemembersarethecells.Subgroupsofthemembersmayformorgansthroughwhichhigherlevelfunctionscanthenmanifest.Iftherelationshipsareloose,thebodycreatedhaslimitedfunctionalityoverthatofanyindividualmemberbecausethereislittlesynergy.Whentherelationshipsarecloseandfoundedonabasisoflove,thebodythuscreatedhassignificantfunctionalityoverthatoftheindividuals.Whenthegroupissmall,feworganscanbecreatedsothereislimitedcomplexityorfunctionality.Whenthegroupislarge,manyorganscanbecreated,resultinginhighlyincreasedcomplexityandfunctionality.Countries,regions,statescities,andneighborhoodscouldallbeconsideredtobesocietiesascouldteams,groups,andanyotherorganizationsofpeople.Forourpurposeshere,themostimportantsocietyisTheUnitedStatesofAmericasinceitistheoneestablishedtosetuptheNewOrderfortheAges,novusordoseclorum.

Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludesalltheeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

【答案】參考范文：Societyisagroupofhumanbeings,heldtogetherbyagreementforreasonsthataremutuallybeneficialtotheindividualmembers.Societiesoperateasawhole,chieflyinwaysthatlookoutforthehighestcommongoodofall.Membershavespecificrolesandresponsibilitieswithinthesociety.Societyismorethanthegovernment,however.Italsoincludestheentireeconomicandsocialinfrastructurenecessarytoprovidepeoplewithwhattheyneed.

8.單選題

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMaCarthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotalreportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”O(jiān)ftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats'levelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoconflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.AwritingprodigystudiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildreninAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsisthat（）.

2.TheauthorquotestheremarksofoneofOliverGoldsmith'steachers（）.

3.PabloPicassoislistedamongthemanygiftedchildrenwho（）.

4.Manygiftedpeopleattributedtheirsuccess（）.

5.Therootcauseofmanygiftedstudentshavingbadmemoriesoftheirschoolyearsisthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyareoftenincapableofcateringtotheneedsoftalentedstudents

B.theyshouldorganizetheirclassesaccordingtothestudents’ability

C.theyshouldsatisfytheneedsofstudentsfromdifferentfamilybackgrounds

D.theyshouldenrollasmanygiftedstudentsaspossible

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.toshowhowpoorOliver’sperformancewasatschool

B.toexplainhowdullstudentscanalsobesuccessful

C.toillustratethestrongwillofsomegiftedchildren

D.toprovidesupportforhisargument

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.paidnoattentiontotheirteachersinclass

B.contradictedtheirteachersmuchtoooften

C.behavedarrogantlyandstubbornlyinthepresenceoftheirteachers

D.couldnotcopewiththeirstudiesatschoolsuccessfully

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.bothtoschoolinstructionandtotheirparentcoaching

B.mainlytoparentalhelpandtheireducationathome

C.lesstotheirsystematiceducationthantotheirtalent

D.moretotheirparents’encouragementthantoschooltraining

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theywereseldompraisedbytheirteachers

B.theirnonconformitybroughtthemalotoftrouble

C.teacherswereusuallyfarstricterthantheirparents

D.schoolcoursesfailedtoinspireormotivatethem

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者關(guān)于學(xué)校的主要觀點(diǎn)是什么？”文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天賦的學(xué)生與學(xué)校互相不適應(yīng)，也就不奇怪他們對(duì)讀書(shū)經(jīng)歷沒(méi)什么好感”（Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience），選項(xiàng)A“它們經(jīng)常滿足不了有天賦的學(xué)生的要求”符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者引用OliverGoldsmith老師的話的目的是什么？”文章第一段提到如OliverGoldsmith這類有天賦的學(xué)生不喜歡學(xué)校，接下來(lái)列舉了他們的學(xué)校經(jīng)歷來(lái)作證，因此作者引用Oliver老師中的一位的話是為了給自己的論證提供事實(shí)支持，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“像畢加索那樣擁有天賦的孩子的特點(diǎn)是什么？”文章第二段第一句提到“這些具有天賦的學(xué)生中的一些人在學(xué)校可能因?yàn)樘熨x不在學(xué)業(yè)方面，因此表現(xiàn)很差，比如畢加索”（Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway），因此選項(xiàng)D“無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)校里的學(xué)習(xí)”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“很多有天賦的人將他們的成功歸功于……”文章最后一段第一句提到“當(dāng)談到能力培養(yǎng)的重要影響因素時(shí)，這些天賦極高的人談?wù)摰酶嗟氖撬麄兊募彝ザ皇菍W(xué)?；蛘呃蠋煛保╓henhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers），選項(xiàng)B“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“很多有天賦的學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)校沒(méi)有好的回憶的根本原因是什么？”文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多數(shù)人在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)不好，并不是因?yàn)樗麄內(nèi)狈δ芰?，而是因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得學(xué)校沒(méi)有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此失去了興趣”（Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest），選項(xiàng)D“學(xué)校課程不能鼓勵(lì)和激發(fā)他們的興趣”符合題意。

9.單選題

Momflippedher（）whenshefoundoutIwaspregnant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chart

B.finger

C.side

D.lid

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語(yǔ)搭配。Flipone’slid是一句美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)，意為發(fā)怒，發(fā)火，失去控制，變得狂熱，大發(fā)脾氣。句意：媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)我懷孕后大發(fā)雷霆。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.問(wèn)答題

Humanbeingsarepayingalotformedicineandarenotgettingallthat(A)theythinktheyare(B)paying(C)aguaranteeto(D)endlessbetterment.

【答案】試題答案：C;payingfor

【解析】考查固定搭配。payfor（為……而付出，因……而付出）中的pay為不及物動(dòng)詞，for表示原因。

11.單選題

Mr.Whitewastoldagainandagainto______smokingbuthejustwouldn’tlisten.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cutthrough

B.cutoff

C.cutdown

D.cutaway

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)cutthrough“抄近路走過(guò)”；B選項(xiàng)cutoff“切斷”；C選項(xiàng)cutdown“減少”；D選項(xiàng)cutaway“切掉”。句意：懷特先生一再被告知要減少吸煙，但他就是不聽(tīng)。本句表示減少吸煙。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

孔子是中國(guó)歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學(xué)派(Confucianism)的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的“圣人”(sage)。他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在《論語(yǔ)》(TheAnalects)一書(shū)中。

《論語(yǔ)》是中國(guó)古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對(duì)后來(lái)歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。不研究《論語(yǔ)》，就不能真正把握中國(guó)幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化?？鬃拥暮芏嗨枷耄绕涫瞧浣逃枷?，對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

在21世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說(shuō)不僅受到中國(guó)人的重視，而且也越來(lái)越受到整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)的重視。

【答案】【參考譯文】ConfuciusisafamousthinkerandeducatorinChinesehistory.HeisthefounderofConfucianismandisrespectfullyreferredtoasanancient“sage”.HiswordsandlifeactivitiesarerecordedinTheAnalects.

TheAnalectsofConfuciusisaclassicworkofancientChineseculture,whichhasexertedagreatinfluenceonthethinkers,writersandstatesmenofsuccessivedynasties.WithoutstudyingtheAnalectsofConfucius,onecannottrulygraspthetraditionalChinesecultureofthousandsofyears.ManyofConfucius’thoughts,especiallyhiseducationalthoughts,havehadaprofoundimpactonChinesesociety.

Inthe21stcentury,theteachingsofConfuciusarenotonlyvaluedbytheChinesepeople,butalsoincreasinglybythewholeinternationalcommunity.

13.單選題

Becauseofcarelesswashing,thewoolensweater

toachild’ssize.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compressed

B.dropped

C.shrank

D.diminished

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。compress“壓縮，壓緊”；drop“推動(dòng)；幫助”；shrink“收縮”；diminish“減少”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息achild’ssize可知羊毛衫縮小，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。句意：由于洗滌不當(dāng)，這件羊毛衫縮小成了兒童尺寸。

14.單選題

TheMedalofNationalScienceis[A]thehighest[B]awardscientificthatcanbe[C]givento[D]anyindividualintheUnitedStates.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thehighest

B.awardscientific

C.given

D.any

【答案】B

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞語(yǔ)序。

【解題思路】award是名詞，scientific是形容詞，形容詞應(yīng)該放在名詞前面，所以正確語(yǔ)序是scientificaward（科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)）。該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【句意】國(guó)家科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?wù)率敲绹?guó)授予任何個(gè)人的最高科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

15.單選題

MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.propup

B.flinch

C.fallbehind

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們大多數(shù)人直到最后一刻才會(huì)想要安樂(lè)死或臨終關(guān)懷，甚至像蒂莫西?利里這樣的協(xié)助自殺活動(dòng)家也常……這一行為，選擇自然死亡。A選項(xiàng)propup“支撐”；B選項(xiàng)flinch“退縮；畏懼”；C選項(xiàng)fallbehind“拖欠；落后”；D選項(xiàng)retain“保持；保留”。“這一行為”指的是安樂(lè)死，既然這位協(xié)助自殺活動(dòng)家選擇了自然死亡，那么B選項(xiàng)“畏懼”符合題意。

16.單選題

Theearningsofwomenarewellbelowthatofmen（

）educationaldifferencesthatarediminishingbetweenthetwosexes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.although

B.though

C.despiteof

D.inspiteof

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查副詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“雖然，盡管”的意思。選項(xiàng)C的結(jié)構(gòu)一般很少使用。Although和though都可以引導(dǎo)句子，不過(guò)although只能置于句首。這里空格后面是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)educationaldifferences跟一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。所以只能填入選項(xiàng)D介詞短語(yǔ)，后面接名詞。句意為：女性的收入遠(yuǎn)在男性之下，盡管兩性在教育方面的差距正在消除。

17.單選題

Hegavehislistenersavivid（）ofhisjourneythroughPeru.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.account

B.tale

C.communication

D.plot

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。giveanaccountof意為“講述…說(shuō)明…匯報(bào)…”。根據(jù)句意“他向聽(tīng)眾生動(dòng)地講述了他的秘魯之旅?！边x項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

Butlikemany,TurnerisgrowingalittletiredasFlorida'sbusyhurricaneseasoncontinuesto_______nervesandextendhardships.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sprain

B.fray

C.distort

D.scuffle

【答案】B

【解析】sprain扭傷；fray（使關(guān)系、神經(jīng)等）緊張；distort扭曲，曲解；scuffle混戰(zhàn)。句意：和許多人一樣，特納也越來(lái)越累了，因?yàn)榉鹆_里達(dá)多颶風(fēng)的季節(jié)不斷地使人們神經(jīng)緊張，造成更多的苦難。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

WhenthefirstofthetwoVikinglanderstoucheddownonMartiansoilonJuly20,1976,andbegantosendcameraimagesbacktoEarth,thescientistsattheJetPropulsionLaboratorycouldnotsuppressacertainnervousanticipation,likepeoplewhoholdatickettoalotterytheyhaveaone-in-a-millionchanceofwinning.Thefirstphotographsthatarrived,however,didnotcontainanyevidenceoflife.Whatrevealeditselftothemwasmerelyabarrenlandscapelitteredwithrocks.Theviewresemblednothingsomuchasaflatsectionofdesert—infact,thewinningentryinacontestatJ.P.L.forthephotographmostaccuratelypredictingwhatMarswouldlooklikeasasnapshottakeninaparticularlyaridsectionoftheMojaveDesert.

Thescientistsweresoonreadytoturntheirattentionfromvisiblelifetomicroorganisms.ThetwinVikinglanderscarriedthreeexperimentsdesignedtodetectcurrentbiologicalactivityandonetodetectorganiccompounds,becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth,throughthegradualchemicalevolutionofcomplexorganicmolecules（分子）.Todetectbiologicalactivity,Martiansoilsamplesweretreatedwithvariousnutrientsthatwouldproducecharacteristicby-productsiflifeformswereactiveinthesoil.Theresultsfromallthreeexperimentswereinconclusive.Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone,anunexpectedresultbecauseatleastorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentoftheMartiansurfacebymeteorites（限星）werethoughttohavebeenpresent.

Theabsenceoforganicmaterial,somescientistsspeculated,wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmospherewhichwasatonetimerichincarbondioxideandthusthickenoughtoprotectitssurfacefromtheharmfulrayoftheSun,thecarbondioxidehadgraduallylefttheatmosphereandbeenconvertedintorocks.ThismeansthateveniflifehadgottenastartonearlyMars,itcouldnothavesurvivedtheexposuretoultravioletradiationwhentheatmospherethinned.MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid.

DespitethedisappointedVikingresults,therearethosewhostillkeepopenthepossibilityoflifeonMars.TheypointoutthattheVikingdatacannotbeconsideredthefinalwordonMartianlifebecausethetwolandersonlysampledtwolimitedanduninterestingsites.TheVikinglandingsiteswerenotchosenforwhattheymighttelloftheplanet’sbiology.Theywerechosenprimarilybecausetheyappearedtobesafeoflandingaspacecraft.ThelandingsiteswereonpartoftheMartianplainsthatappearedrelativelyfeaturelessfromorbitalphotography.

ThetypeofMartianterrainthattheseresearcherssuggestmaybeapossiblehidingplaceforactivelifehasanearthlyparallel:theice-freeregionofsouthernVictorialand.Antarctica,wherethetemperaturesinsomedryvalleyaveragebelowzero.Organismsknownasendoliths,aformofblue-greenalgae(藻類)thathasadoptedtothisharshenvironment,werefoundlivinginsidecertainporousrocksintheseAntarcticvalleys.TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever.

ShouldMarseventuallyprovetobecompletelybarrenoflife,assomesuspect,thenthiswouldhaveasignificantimpactonthecurrentviewofthechemicaloriginoflife.ItcouldbemuchmoredifficulttogetlifestartedonaplanetthanscientiststhoughtbeforetheVikinglandings.

1.Themajorpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.TheauthorusedtheevidencefromthefourVikingexperiments(paragraph2)toestablishthat（）.

3.TheauthorsuggeststhatimportantdifferencebetweenMarsandEarthisthatunlikeEarth,Mars（）.

4.Inparagraph5,theresearchers'argumentthatlifemayexistinMartianrocksrestsontheideathat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.relateanaccountofanextraordinaryscientificachievement

B.underminetheprevailingbeliefthatlifemayexistonMars

C.showthelimitationsofthescientificinvestigationofotherplanets

D.discusstheeffortsofscientiststodeterminewhetherMartianlifeexist

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.meteoritesdonotstrikethesurfaceofMarsasoftenasscientistshadthought.

B.therewasnoexperimentalconfirmationofthetheorythatlifeexistonMars.

C.currenttheoryastohowlifedevelopedonEarthisprobableflawed.

D.biologicalactivityhasbeenshowntobeabsentfromthesurfaceofMars.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.couldnothavesustainedlifethatdeveloped

B.possessedatonetimeanatmosphererichincarbondioxide

C.isinthepathoftheharmfulraysofultravioletradiation

D.accumulatedorganiccompoundsfromthesteadybombardmentofmeteorites

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.lifeevolvedinthesamewayontwodifferentplanets

B.lifedevelopedintheformofblue-greenalgaeonMars

C.organismsmayadoptidenticalsurvivalstrategiesincomparableenvironments

D.endolithsarecapableoflivingintheharshenvironmentofMars

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目問(wèn)的是“文章的主要目的是什么？”文章第一段提到科學(xué)家們通過(guò)圖像并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上可見(jiàn)的生命，接下來(lái)講述了科學(xué)家們通過(guò)火星土樣也沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)火星上有微生物存在，然后推測(cè)原因，最后一段提到如果火星最后被證明沒(méi)有生命存在可能帶來(lái)的影響，由此可知本文主要是講述了科學(xué)家們努力確定火星上有無(wú)生命，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者使用四個(gè)火星實(shí)驗(yàn)得來(lái)的證據(jù)是為了……”。文章第二段提到“因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T認(rèn)為有可能早期火星上的生命就想地球上的生命一樣”（becauseresearchersthoughtitpossiblethatlifehaddevelopedonearlyMarsjustasitisthoughttohavedevelopedonEarth），但是在火星土樣中沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何跡象（Thefourthexperimentheatedasoilsampletolookforsignoforganicmaterialbutfoundnone），因此選項(xiàng)B“火星上有生命這一理論沒(méi)有得到實(shí)驗(yàn)的證實(shí)”符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“作者認(rèn)為火星和地球之間的重要區(qū)別在于不像地球,火星……”。文章第三段提到“是強(qiáng)烈的紫外線輻射穿透大氣層的結(jié)果”(wastheresultofintenseultravioletradiationpenetratingtheatmosphere)，最后一句提到“火星沒(méi)有像地球那樣形成一層保護(hù)臭氧層”(MarsneverdevelopedaprotectivelayerofozoneasEarthdid)。選項(xiàng)C“在紫外線輻射的有害射線路徑上”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在第五段中，研究者認(rèn)為火星巖石上有生命的觀點(diǎn)是依靠……”。文章第五段提到“基于該發(fā)現(xiàn)的論證是如果有生命存在于早期的火星上，那么這些生命就可能通過(guò)尋找比南極干谷更干燥的環(huán)境來(lái)維持生命形式”（TheargumentbasedonthisdiscoveryisthatiflifedidexistonearlyMars,itispossiblethatitescapedworseningconditionbysimilarlyseekingtoodry,evencomparedwithAntarcticvalleys,tosustainanylifewhatsoever），選項(xiàng)C“生命體在類似環(huán)境中可能采取同樣的生存策略”符合題意。

20.單選題

Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s,andthattalentisinevenshortersupply.Computerscienceenrollmentsareatanall-timelow;baby-boomerworkersareretiringandtakingallofthatlegacy—systemsknowledgewiththem;andSiliconValleyishotagain.Wouldthatyoung,brilliantdeveloperratherjointhenextZyngaorupgradethepayrollsystemsatyourinsurancecompany?

Twoweeksago,IaskedtheITexecutivereadershipofmyweeklynewsletter,TheHellerReport,toanswerthequestion:Ifyouhadamagicwand,whichonetalentproblemwouldyousolve?Responsespouredinandaddressedchallengesaroundrecruiting,developingleaders,andretainingthetalentthattheycurrentlyhave.Butmorethan70percentofreaderswouldusetheirmagicwandtodoonlyonething:givebusinessskillstotheirtechnologists.Theirpeople,theyworry,aresonarrowlyfocusedonthetechnologythattheyfailtoseetheforestforthetrees.Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.

Thislackofbusiness-savvytechnologytalentisaseriousproblemforeverycompanythatreliesontechnologytoexist(whichis,ofcourse,everycompany).Thosebeautifully“blendedexecutives,”whocantalktechnologyinonemeetingandcantalkbusinessinanother,arerarebirds.Yetwithtechnologymovingdirectlyintotherevenuestreamofyourcompany,youneedthem,andyourneedisonlygoingtoincrease.

Oneoptionistospendallofyourtimeandmoneyonrecruitingblendedexecutivesfromtheoutside.Youwillbeinheatedcompetitionwitheveryothercompanyinyourmarket,andifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas:

Buildarotationalprogram.EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.Thiskindofprogramisnoteasy,withyourCIOhavingtosurvivewithoutatrustedITleaderforaperiodoftime,butthelong-termresultofagoodrotationalprogramcanbetremendous.Itmaywellbeworththeinvestment.

Involveyourbusinessleaders.Ifarotationalprogramistoomuchtotakeonrightnow,buildaleadershipdevelopmentprogramforITthatinvolvesyourbusinessexecutives.EncourageyourCIOtoinvitetheheadsofyourmajorbusinessunitstomeetregularlywiththeseniorITteamtoeducatethemontheirbusinessarea.Andbesurethatyou,CFO,arespendingenoughtimewithIT.Usethatinteractiontochipawayatthelong-standingwallthatoftenexistsbetweenthebusinessandIT.

1.CompaniesareingreaterneedoftechnologytalentNOTbecauseof（）.

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2isthat（）.

3.Thephrase“recruitingfunction”underlinedinParagraph4refersto（）.

4.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveenoughtimeandmoneytohireexecutivesitneeds,itshould（）.

5.ArotationalprogramDOESN’Tinvolve（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theaccumulationofmoredata

B.theneedtoserveconsumers

C.therisingdemandforcloudcomputation

D.thedevelopmentofmedicalindustry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.profounddiscussionisrequired

B.ITemployeesshouldbebusiness-savvy

C.technologysupportisexpected

D.therearechallengesinrecruitingdevelopers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.recruitmentofaparticularfirm

B.thefunctionalityofrecruitment

C.competitiverecruitmentstrategy

D.employmentofITworkersforacertainemployer

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.achievelong-termresults

B.deviseatrainingprogram

C.participateinheatedcompetition

D.callonallbusinessleaders

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.blendedITexecutives

B.CIO

C.CEO

D.allbusinessleaders

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：公司特別需要技術(shù)人才不是因?yàn)開(kāi)______。通過(guò)題干定位到文章第一段的第一句話Withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s.（隨著云計(jì)算、移動(dòng)性、大數(shù)據(jù)和消費(fèi)化，企業(yè)比上世紀(jì)90年代末更需要技術(shù)人才。），A選項(xiàng)“更多數(shù)據(jù)的累積”，對(duì)應(yīng)“大數(shù)據(jù)”，B選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)消費(fèi)者的需要”，對(duì)應(yīng)“消費(fèi)化”，C選項(xiàng)“云計(jì)算需求的增加”，對(duì)應(yīng)“云計(jì)算”，只有D選項(xiàng)“醫(yī)藥產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展”，在文中并沒(méi)有提及，所以本題應(yīng)該選D選項(xiàng)。

2.主旨大意題。題干：第二段的中心思想是________。根據(jù)第二段的主要內(nèi)容“如果你有根魔杖，你會(huì)解決哪一個(gè)人才問(wèn)題？70%的讀者的選擇是把商業(yè)技能傳授給他們的技術(shù)人員”，所以B選項(xiàng)“IT員工應(yīng)該具有商業(yè)頭腦”符合題意。文中最后一句提到Theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.（他們不了解其技術(shù)工作的業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境，也不能與業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者就其技術(shù)支持進(jìn)行有意義的討論。），由此可知，和業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者進(jìn)行深入的討論是包括在商業(yè)技能里面的，所以A選項(xiàng)“需要深入的討論”不正確，C選項(xiàng)“期待技術(shù)支持”和D選項(xiàng)“在招聘開(kāi)發(fā)者方面存在一些挑戰(zhàn)”都是想要解決的問(wèn)題之一，但不是中心思想。綜上所述，該題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

3.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。題干：文中第四段的劃線部分“recruitingfunction”指的是_______。第四段中提到ifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.Youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.Herearesomeideas：（如果你的recruitingfunction對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)不是一件有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的武器，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于一場(chǎng)失敗的戰(zhàn)斗中。你最好發(fā)展自身，以下是一些建議：），緊接著第五，第六段提出一些建議。所以recruitingfunction在這里指的是“有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的招聘策略”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“特定公司的招聘”，B選項(xiàng)“招聘的功能”，D選項(xiàng)“為某個(gè)雇主雇傭IT工人”，均不是對(duì)recruitingfunction正確的解釋。綜上所述，該題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干：如果一家公司沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間和資金來(lái)聘請(qǐng)它所需要的高管，那么它應(yīng)該_________。文章第五段和第六段提到的兩個(gè)建議，第一個(gè)是Buildarotationalprogram（建立一個(gè)輪換計(jì)劃），第二個(gè)是Involveyourbusinessleaders（讓你的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖參與進(jìn)來(lái)），由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“號(hào)召所有的商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“取得長(zhǎng)期結(jié)果”，在文中并未提及，排除A選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)“制定培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃”，文中第六段提到的輪換計(jì)劃指的是將IT人員輪換到業(yè)務(wù)的不同職能的程序，和B選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容不相符，排除B選項(xiàng)，C選項(xiàng)“參加激烈的比賽”，在文中并未提及，排除C選項(xiàng)。所以本題應(yīng)該選擇D選項(xiàng)。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：輪換制度不包括________。由關(guān)鍵詞“rotationalprogram”定位到文章第五段EncourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourCIOandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesITpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.（鼓勵(lì)您的人力資源主管與您的CIO和其他一些業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)合作，建立一個(gè)將IT人員輪換到業(yè)務(wù)的不同職能的程序。），由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“所有商業(yè)領(lǐng)袖”，不正確，所以本題選擇D選項(xiàng)，A選項(xiàng)“混合IT高管”，B選項(xiàng)“CIO”均在第五段中提到，C選項(xiàng)“CEO”在第六段中提到“businessexecutives”，綜上所述，本題的正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

21.單選題

SectionA

Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichform