考研考博-英語-廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theblackhorseis（）ofthepair.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thestrongest

B.thestronger

C.thestrong

D.quitestrong

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這匹黑馬更強(qiáng)壯。

語法題?？疾楸容^級(jí)。當(dāng)要特指兩者中“較（更）”時(shí)，比較級(jí)前通常要帶定冠詞，此時(shí)可視為比較級(jí)后省略了有關(guān)的名詞或代詞one，即定冠詞實(shí)為修飾被省略的名詞或代詞one。pair的詞義是“一對(duì)”或“一雙”，即在“兩者”中進(jìn)行比較。因此，此處應(yīng)該使用thestronger。

2.單選題

Thegovernmentgavemoneytopeopletohelpbuyhomesoutsideofthecities.Thissystemof（）housingcausedmanypeopletoleaveurbanareas.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.invested

B.provided

C.sustained

D.subsidized

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。本題考查動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式作修飾詞時(shí)的詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)investe“投資的”；B選項(xiàng)provide“給予”；C選項(xiàng)sustained“持續(xù)的”；D選項(xiàng)subsidized“補(bǔ)貼的；補(bǔ)助的”。句意：政府向人們提供資金，幫助他們?cè)诔鞘幸酝赓I房子。這種……住房制度使得許多人離開城市。前句明確說明是政府提供資金，屬于補(bǔ)貼政策，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.Bossesneedtounderstandthatpeoplewithdifferingbackgroundswillcomeupwithideasindifferentwaysandgivethemtheflexibilitytobecreativeintheircustom.

Thatcomestogetherwithacouplesteps;first,managersneedtobesuretheyareactivelypursuingnewhiresthatnotonlyadddiversitybutalsoofferanewperspective.

ThekeyisnotjustaddingaHispanicwomantothestaffbecauseyoudon’thaveonenow.It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.

TaketheaccountingfirmDeloitte,anearlyadopterofdiversity.Thefirmwastrainingminoritiestobecometopmanagers,butthenitoftenlostthembeforetheyreachedtheexecutivelevel—asoftenhappensinthatprofession.SoDeloittecreatedanewexecutivetrainingprogramthaturgeditsaccountantstostayonratherthanjumpingtoanotherfirmforadvancement.Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.

Butit’snotjustaboutputtingminoritiesinafewjobsandhavingthemrunthingsasusual.Forinstance,immigrantsfromcountrieswherebankshavefailedorsimplyaren’ttrustedmayneedtobuildarelationshipwithsomeoneinabranchbeforedepositingtheirmoney.Alocalbranchmanagerwhounderstandsthatrelationshipmaybemorelikelytogetthatbusiness.

Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.It’sunderstandingtheexperienceofpeopleandwhattheycanbringtoyourbusiness.

Thefloatingmarketisalittlemicrocosmofthat.Everyday,localsandtouristsperusethestandsandcountersthatjutoutfromtheboats.Thecustomersareallshadesandbackgrounds,andthat’sjustthewaytheislanderslikeit.

Thesamecanhappenatoffices.Butit’suptomanagerstoshowtheyvalueideasascreativeasthefloatingmarket.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthepassage?

2.Whatismostvaluedaboutminoritygroups?

3.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosayinthefourthparagraph?

4.Whatistheadvantageofaminoritybankworkeraccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisafloatingmarketprobablylike?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itisbeneficialforcompaniestohirepeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.

B.Adiverseworkforcewilldogoodtothecompanyifmanagedproperly.

C.Peoplefromdifferentbackgroundscancontributedifferentideas.

D.Theimportanceofminoritypeopleisgettingmoreandmoreattention.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theirlocalculture.

B.Theiruniqueexperience.

C.Theirdifferentperspectives.

D.Theirexecutiveability.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Deloitteattachedimportancetohavingminoritiesinitstopmanagement.

B.Talentlossatexecutivelevelisacommonoccurrenceinaccountingbusiness.

C.Propertrainingisnecessaryforminoritiestomakemorecontribution.

D.Minoritiesaremorelikelytolookforanewcompanyforbetteropportunities.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Hewillspendmoretimeandenergypersuadingclientstodepositmoneyinhisbank.

B.Heknowsbetterhowtokeepthebank’sreputationandwintheclients’trust.

C.Itiseasierforhimtodeveloparelationshipwithimmigrantsfromhishomecountry.

D.Heunderstandsbettertheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenbankandclients.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itsellsgoodsfromallovertheworld.

B.Itisamarketonthewater.

C.Itdoesnothaveafixedlocation.

D.Itsellsgoodsatratherlowprice.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章開頭說到“Thebenefitsofadiverseworkforceareonlyseenifthestaffiswellmanaged.（只有管理好員工，才能看到多元化員工隊(duì)伍的好處。）”，后文第六段又提到“Havingadiverseworkforceisonlyanadvantageifyou’reabletoutilizethatdiversity.（擁有多樣化的勞動(dòng)力是唯一的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如果你能夠利用這種多樣性。）”，由此可知本文主要闡述的是多元化的員工隊(duì)伍對(duì)公司的作用，B選項(xiàng)“如果管理得當(dāng)，多元化的員工隊(duì)伍對(duì)公司有好處”符合文章大意。A選項(xiàng)“公司雇傭不同背景的人是有益的”說法太絕對(duì)，忽略了管理的作用；C選項(xiàng)“不同背景的人可以提出不同的想法”以及D選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族的重要性越來越受到重視”都包含在B選項(xiàng)中，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“It’sbesttoseekpeoplewhosebackgroundsaredifferentfromyourcurrentstaffastheywilllikelyfindsolutionsindifferentways.（最好是找那些背景和你現(xiàn)有員工不同的人，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)以不同的方式找到解決方案。）”，由此可知少數(shù)民族群體最被看中的是他們不同的觀點(diǎn)，C選項(xiàng)“他們的觀點(diǎn)不同”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?；B選項(xiàng)“他們獨(dú)特的經(jīng)歷”以及D選項(xiàng)“他們的執(zhí)行能力”均不符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句話“Thisassuredthattheminoritiesthecompanywasgroomingfortopmanagementwouldn’tleavethecompanybeforereachinghigherranks.（這確保了公司為高層管理人員培養(yǎng)的少數(shù)族裔在晉升之前不會(huì)離開公司）”以及前文提到的少數(shù)民族群體會(huì)提供不同意見可知德勤會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔，從而能夠擁有更多的不同的意見，A選項(xiàng)“德勤重視在高層管理層中引入少數(shù)族裔”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“高管層人才流失是會(huì)計(jì)行業(yè)的常見現(xiàn)象”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)民族要做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)，就必須進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)呐嘤?xùn)”文章也沒有提及；D選項(xiàng)“少數(shù)族裔更傾向于尋找一家新公司來獲得更好的機(jī)會(huì)”說法太絕對(duì)，文章只說了該事務(wù)所有這樣的問題，并不能說明所有的少數(shù)族裔都傾向于尋找更好的機(jī)會(huì)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第五段“Forinstance,immigrantsfromcountrieswherebankshavefailedorsimplyaren’ttrustedmayneedtobuildarelationshipwithsomeoneinabranchbeforedepositingtheirmoney.Alocalbranchmanagerwhounderstandsthatrelationshipmaybemorelikelytogetthatbusiness.（例如，來自銀行倒閉或根本不受信任的國家的移民，在存款之前可能需要與分行的某個(gè)人建立關(guān)系。一個(gè)了解這種關(guān)系的當(dāng)?shù)胤中薪?jīng)理更有可能得到這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)。）”，由此可知少數(shù)民族銀行職員更容易與來自他祖國的移民建立關(guān)系，因此C選項(xiàng)“他更容易與來自他祖國的移民建立關(guān)系”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“他會(huì)花更多的時(shí)間和精力說服客戶把錢存在他的銀行里”；B選項(xiàng)“他更懂得如何維護(hù)銀行的聲譽(yù)，贏得客戶的信任”以及D選項(xiàng)“他更了解銀行和客戶之間關(guān)系的重要性”文章都沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)最后兩段“Thefloatingmarketisalittlemicrocosmofthat.Everyday,localsandtouristsperusethestandsandcountersthatjutoutfromtheboats.Thecustomersareallshadesandbackgrounds,andthat’sjustthewaytheislanderslikeit.Thesamecanhappenatoffices.Butit’suptomanagerstoshowtheyvalueideasascreativeasthefloatingmarket.（浮動(dòng)市場(chǎng)只是其中的一個(gè)小縮影。每天，當(dāng)?shù)厝撕陀慰投荚谠敿?xì)考察從船上伸出的看臺(tái)和柜臺(tái)。顧客的膚色和背景各不相同，這正是島民喜歡的方式。同樣的情況也可能發(fā)生在辦公室。但這取決于管理者如何表現(xiàn)出他們對(duì)創(chuàng)意的重視程度，就像浮動(dòng)市場(chǎng)一樣。）”，由此可知浮動(dòng)市場(chǎng)的位置不是固定的，它可以發(fā)生在船上，也能在辦公室里發(fā)生，因此C選項(xiàng)“它沒有固定的位置”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它銷售來自世界各地的商品”；B選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)水上市場(chǎng)”以及D選項(xiàng)“它以相當(dāng)?shù)偷膬r(jià)格出售商品”文章都沒有提到，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itwassopleasingtofindabreezeupthereallayingthefervidafternoon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incendiary

B.incandescent

C.dispassionate

D.contumacious

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)incendiary“縱火的，煽動(dòng)性的，能引起燃燒的，非常辣的”；B選項(xiàng)incandescent“輝耀的，熾熱的，發(fā)白熱光的”；C選項(xiàng)dispassionate“不帶感情的，平心靜氣的，公平的”；D選項(xiàng)contumacious“不聽命令的，反抗法院命令的，頑固的”。句意：看到微風(fēng)吹過，緩和了炎熱的下午，真是令人高興。Fervid“熱情的，熾熱的，熱心的，熱的”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Paroleisusuallygrantedtoprisonersasarewardforgoodconduct.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.paidto

B.ignoredby

C.givento

D.requestedby

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。grantto表示“授予，允許”；A項(xiàng)payto“付款給”，B項(xiàng)ignoreby“忽視，駁回訴訟”，C項(xiàng)giveto“給予，提供”，D項(xiàng)requestby“請(qǐng)求，需要”。句意：假釋通常作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)給予表現(xiàn)良好的囚犯。根據(jù)句意該題選C。

6.單選題

Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.We’repushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.

Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducatinganddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanless-selectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams―selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.

Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2-4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool―theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.

So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.

1.Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?

2.Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolthanever?

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Kidscountmorethantheircolleges”(Line5，Para.3)?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend

B.Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren

C.Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication

D.Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege

B.Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships

C.Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto

D.Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess

B.Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethanhiseducation

C.Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

D.Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybelesscompetitivethangettingintocollege

B.Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms

C.GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGRE

D.Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutions

B.theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarket

C.theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduation

D.theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplication

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem.”，中文翻譯為：但我們卻不承認(rèn)我們的癡迷（對(duì)上首選大學(xué)）更多是關(guān)于我們自己而非他們（指自己的小孩）。可以得知D選項(xiàng)“相比小孩自己，他們更關(guān)心自己的小孩去哪所大學(xué)上學(xué)”符合題意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段“Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.”，中文翻譯為：我們將自己小孩的大學(xué)背景當(dāng)成展示我們?cè)鯓雍芎玫仞B(yǎng)育他們的一種獎(jiǎng)賞。以及原文第二段“Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizetogoaround.”，中文翻譯為：我們有完全成熟的名譽(yù)恐慌，我們擔(dān)心沒有充足的獎(jiǎng)賞。可知A選項(xiàng)“他們想增加自己小孩進(jìn)入著名大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)”為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家AlanKrueger對(duì)入學(xué)一個(gè)頂級(jí)博士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學(xué)考試的高分?jǐn)?shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學(xué)，而名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)位卻沒有?？梢缘弥狢選項(xiàng)“小孩的實(shí)際能力比他們的大學(xué)背景更重要”符合題意。

4.【試題解析】推理判斷題。由B項(xiàng)“著名大學(xué)的學(xué)位不保證學(xué)生進(jìn)入研究生項(xiàng)目”可以定位到文章第三段中“PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.”，中文翻譯為：普林斯頓大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家AlanKrueger對(duì)入學(xué)一個(gè)頂級(jí)博士項(xiàng)目的學(xué)生的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國研究生入學(xué)考試的高分?jǐn)?shù)有助于解釋誰考上了大學(xué)，而名牌大學(xué)的學(xué)位卻沒有。故選B。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第四段“Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.”，中文翻譯為：一個(gè)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在其他事情一樣的情況下，精英學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意。判斷出答案為C項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诋厴I(yè)后經(jīng)歷更多的工作不如意”。

7.單選題

Psychologistshavelongarguedabouttherelativeimportanceofgeneticsandenvironmentindetermininghumanintelligence（）anissuethatissometimesreferredtoasthe"nature"vs.debate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.“growth”

B.“nurture”

C.“promotion”

D.“creation”

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。growth“增長，發(fā)展，生長”;nurture“養(yǎng)育，教養(yǎng)”；promotion“提升”;creation“創(chuàng)造”。根據(jù)geneticsandenvironment（遺傳與環(huán)境）與naturevs.___的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系可知“養(yǎng)育”符合，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。句意：心理學(xué)家們對(duì)遺傳和環(huán)境在決定人類智力上的相對(duì)重要性長期以來都有爭論，即一個(gè)有時(shí)被稱為“自然”對(duì)比“培育”的辯論。

8.單選題

Allthe

peopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）

slowly

intothesky.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.floating

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend可做不及物動(dòng)詞,指上升；elevate意思相近,但是是及物動(dòng)詞。float指漂??；linger

指逗留。句意：當(dāng)看到幾百只彩球緩緩升上天空時(shí),運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)里所有的人都?xì)g呼起來。選項(xiàng)A正確。

9.單選題

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentstartedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilitiesforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingview-points,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactivityresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheuniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefasBarnaGroup.

So,whenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

1.AccordingtotheParagraph1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson（

）.

2.AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople

（

）.

3.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thejustificationofthenew-filteringpractice

B.people’spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms

C.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformation

D.socialmediaasareliablesourceofnews

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace

B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources

C.haveastrongsenseofresponsibility

D.liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.readers’outdatedvalues

B.journalists’biasedreporting

C.readers’misinterpretation

D.journalist’made-upstories

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.

B.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend.

C.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宮的新聞通過其他來源而不是總統(tǒng)的社交媒體平臺(tái)透漏出來。緊接著在第二段給出了原因，人們逐漸對(duì)所有的媒體喪失了信任。根據(jù)牛津大學(xué)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，在2016年美國總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選期間，推特用戶分享的近四分之一的網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容是虛假新聞。由此可知，社交媒體不是可靠的新聞來源。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“KnightFoundation”定位到第三段二、三句“AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.奈特基金會(huì)針對(duì)14歲至24歲的年輕人進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)焦點(diǎn)小組調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們使用“分布式信任”來驗(yàn)證新聞。他們反復(fù)核對(duì)消息來源，喜歡從不同的角度看新聞——尤其是那些對(duì)偏見持開放態(tài)度的新聞。”由此可知，選項(xiàng)B“通過參考不同的來源去核實(shí)消息”符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Barnasurvey”定位到第五段第三句“AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”,moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.巴納研究集團(tuán)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國人認(rèn)為假新聞現(xiàn)象的主要原因是“讀者錯(cuò)誤”，而不是編造的故事或報(bào)道中的事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤?！庇纱丝芍?，選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，原文首先提出年輕人對(duì)社交平臺(tái)的不信任，是因?yàn)樘摷傩侣劦姆簽E，因此人們開始加強(qiáng)他們的媒體素養(yǎng)技能。下文則主要是圍繞這一中心思想展開的討論，所以選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文。

10.單選題

AUNreportsaysthatmalnutritionisoneofthecommon______ofthepoorinAfrica.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affections

B.appeasements

C.afflictions

D.attainments

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)affection“喜愛，感情，影響”，B項(xiàng)appeasement“緩和，平息，姑息”，C項(xiàng)affliction“苦難，苦惱，折磨”，D項(xiàng)attainment“達(dá)到，成就，學(xué)識(shí)”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子缺少一個(gè)表語修飾主語malnutrition“營養(yǎng)不良”，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有“苦難，折磨”符合語境。句意：一份聯(lián)合國報(bào)告稱，營養(yǎng)不良是非洲窮人普遍遭受的折磨之一。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Democrituswasfascinatedbythequestionofwhatprincipleunderlaythematerialuniverseanddevelopedasolutionthatrevealedthebrillianceofhisthought.Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.Theatomsthemselves,hesaid,areinfiniteinnumberandeternal.Theymove,accordingtoanecessarymotion,inthevoid,whichwewouldcallspace.

MostofthemaintenetsoftheatomismofDemocrituswereastonishinglymodern.First,theatomswereinvisiblysmall.Theywereallofthesamestuff,ornature,buttheycameinamultitudeofdifferentshapesandsizes.Thoughimpermeable(Democritusdidnotknowthatatomscouldbesplit),theyactedupononeanother,aggregatingandclingingtooneanothersoastoproducethegreatvarietyofbodiesthatwesee.Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.

Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.Inmodernterms,emptyspacedidnotvaryaccordingtodirection.Thiswasanextremelysophisticatednotion.

Third,thecontinualmotionoftheatomswasinherent.Theypossessedwhatwouldcallinertialmass.Thenotionthattheatomskeptonmovingwithoutbeingpushed,besidesbeinganotherremarkableintellectualconcept,wasnotacceptabletoAristotleandothers.Onlythecelestialbodies,Aristotlethought,keptonmovingofanybythemselves,becausetheyweredivine.ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.

Fourth,weightorgravitywasnotapropertyofatomsorindeedofaggregatesthereof.HereDemocrituswasaswrongaswrongcouldbe.

WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.

Thetensionbuiltupbythisantinomyhasprovedtobefruitfuloverthecenturies.However,thenotionthatthesoulwasmaterialprovedsounacceptabletoboththeAristoteliansandtheChristiansthatfornearlytwomillenniatheatomichypothesislanguished.

26.AccordingtoDemocritus,emptyspace______.

27.TheauthordiscussesthebeliefsofAristotleandhisfollowers(inParagraph4)inorderto______.

28.ItcanbeinferredfromDemocritus’inclusionofthesoulinhistheoriesofthematerialuniverse(inParagraph6)that______.

29.Democrituswouldmostlikelybelievethatwhichofthefollowingwouldexplainthelifecycleofaflower?

30.Whichismostanalogoustoa“hardythinkers”(inParagraph6)viewofthesoul?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.doesnotexistwithregardtoatoms

B.isdirectionlesswithregardtothemovementofatoms

C.isanerroneousnotionconcerningatoms

D.possessesinertialmass

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.supportthevalidityofDemocritus’theories

B.notethatinfluentialindividualsdelayedtheacceptanceofscientifictruth

C.highlighttheaccuracyofcertainpartsofDemocritus’theory

D.addanelementofphilosophyintoanotherwisescientificdiscussion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.philosophy,religion,andsciencewerenotalwaysthoughtofasseparatefields

B.scientistsareoftenunsuccessfulinmakingphilosophicaltheories

C.hislineofthinkingwasessentiallyunsound

D.hewasattemptinghisthinkingwiththatofAristotle

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Auniquetypeofmatterisdrawntoapointinthevoidandtakesroot.

B.Theconstantmotionofatomsproducestheillusionofaflower.

C.Thesamematerialthatcomposesthesoulalsobreatheslifeintoplants.

D.Atomscometogetherastheflowergrowsanddisperseasitdies.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Apolitician’spracticeofusingpublictransportationbecausethatishoweveryoneinhiscitytravels.

B.Adoctor’srecommendationthathispatientquitsmokingtoimprovethepatientshealthwhilethedoctorsmokesapackaday.

C.Amothertakingherdaughtertoballetpracticeeverydaybecausethemotherneverhadthatopportunityasachild.

D.Amuseumcuratordecidingnottorunanexhibitionbecausehebelievesthepublicwillnotenjoyit.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】26.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)德謨克利特的說法，真空……”。定位到第三段前兩句Second,theatomswereinperpetualmotion,ineverydirection,throughoutemptyspace.Thereisnoaboveorbelow,beforeorbehind,inemptyspace,saidDemocritus.（第二，在整個(gè)真空中原子在每個(gè)方向無限運(yùn)動(dòng)。德謨克利特說，在真空中沒有上面或下面、前面或后面。），這一點(diǎn)屬于德謨克利特原子論的其中一點(diǎn)。根據(jù)德謨克利特的說法，在真空中，原子的運(yùn)動(dòng)是沒有方向的，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)于原子的運(yùn)動(dòng)來說是沒有方向的”正確。定位第二段最后一句Thespaceoutsidetheatomswasempty,aconceptthatmostofDemocritus’contemporariescouldnotaccept.（原子外的空間是真空的，這是德謨克利特同時(shí)代的大多數(shù)人無法接受的概念）可知，A項(xiàng)“對(duì)于原子來說是不存在的”與原文相反，為反向干擾；而原文并未提及德謨克利特對(duì)于原子的概念是錯(cuò)誤的，C項(xiàng)“關(guān)于原子，它的概念是錯(cuò)誤的”屬于曲解原文。D項(xiàng)“具有慣性質(zhì)量”講的是原子的連續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，和題干無關(guān)，屬于張冠李戴。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

27.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干意思是“作者在第4段討論了亞里士多德和他的追隨者的看法，是為了……”。定位第四段最后一句ThegeneralrefusalbyAristotleandhisinfluentialfollowerstoacceptthelawofinertiastoodasanobstacletothedevelopmentofphysicsfortwothousandyears.（亞里士多德和他的有影響力的追隨者普遍拒絕接受慣性定律，這成為物理學(xué)發(fā)展的一個(gè)障礙，持續(xù)了兩千年）可知，亞里士多德和他的追隨者對(duì)慣性定律的普遍拒絕造成了兩千年來的物理學(xué)發(fā)展的障礙，所以作者討論到這一點(diǎn)是為了注意有影響力的個(gè)人能推遲科學(xué)真理的接受，B項(xiàng)“注意到有影響力的個(gè)人推遲了對(duì)科學(xué)真理的接受”正確。這一段沒有討論到德謨克利特理論準(zhǔn)確性，A項(xiàng)“支持德謨克利特理論的可信性”和C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)德謨克利特理論某些部分的準(zhǔn)確性”屬于無中生有。D項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)討論中加入哲學(xué)元素”在該處沒有體現(xiàn)，也屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

28.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從第六段的德謨克利特將靈魂包含在他的物質(zhì)宇宙理論中可以推斷出……”定位到第六段，從Heheldthatthesoulisbreathandbecausebreathismaterial,andthereforemadeupofatoms,somustthesoulbe.Hemaintainedthat,becausethesoulisaphysicalthing,itmustbedeterminedbyphysicallaws;itcannotbefree.（他認(rèn)為靈魂是呼吸，因?yàn)楹粑俏镔|(zhì)的，因此由原子構(gòu)成，所以靈魂也必然是這樣。他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，因?yàn)殪`魂是物理的東西，它必須由物理定律決定，它不可能是自由的。）可知，德謨克利特認(rèn)為靈魂是呼吸，而呼吸是由原子構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)，所以靈魂也是由原子構(gòu)成的物質(zhì)，屬于物理，由物理定律決定。綜上所述，從德謨克利特的這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我們可以推斷，哲學(xué)和物理是相互依存的，故A項(xiàng)“哲學(xué)、宗教和科學(xué)并不總是被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)立的領(lǐng)域”符合題意。定位第一句WhetherDemocrituswasrightorwrongaboutafifthpointisnotdefinitelydecidedtothisday.（德謨克利特關(guān)于第五點(diǎn)的判斷是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，直到今天還沒有定論）可知，德謨克利特關(guān)于靈魂的觀點(diǎn)知道今天還不知道是否正確，所以B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們?cè)谔岢稣軐W(xué)理論方面常常不成功”和C項(xiàng)“他的思路基本上是不正確的”無從推敲，屬于曲解原文。D項(xiàng)“他試圖用亞里士多德的思想來思考”在該段沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

29.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“德謨克利特很可能相信下列哪一項(xiàng)可以解釋一朵花的生命周期？”定位第一段第二句Everymaterialthing,Democritusbelieved,ismadeupofafinitenumberofdiscreteparticles,oratoms,ashecalledthem,whosejoiningtogetherandsubsequentseparationaccountforthecomingtobeofthingsandfortheirpassingaway.（德謨克利特認(rèn)為，每一個(gè)物質(zhì)事物都是由有限數(shù)量的離散粒子組成的，他稱之為原子，這些粒子的結(jié)合和隨后的分離解釋了事物的產(chǎn)生和消逝）可知，德謨克利特認(rèn)為物體的產(chǎn)生和消逝和原子的聚集和分散有關(guān)，D項(xiàng)“花朵生長時(shí)原子聚集在一起，死亡時(shí)原子分散”符合這一理論，該項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“一種獨(dú)特的物質(zhì)被吸引到真空中的某一點(diǎn)并扎根”、B項(xiàng)“原子的不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了花朵的錯(cuò)覺”和C項(xiàng)“構(gòu)成靈魂的物質(zhì)同樣也將生命吸入植物”都不符合德謨克利特關(guān)于原子的觀點(diǎn)，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)。

30.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“下列哪一種觀點(diǎn)與第六段中勇敢的思想家關(guān)于靈魂的觀點(diǎn)類似？”定位到第六段最后兩句Eventhehardythinkerswhoclaimtoacceptthistheorydonotactasiftheydo.Theymaydenytheinnatefreedomofothers,buttheyactasiftheybelieveintheirown.（即使是那些聲稱接受這一理論的勇敢的思想家們，也沒有表現(xiàn)得好像他們接受了這一理論。他們可能會(huì)否認(rèn)別人天生的自由，但他們表現(xiàn)得好像相信自己的自由。），由此可知，聲稱接受了靈魂不是自由的觀點(diǎn)的勇敢的思想家們，在行動(dòng)上并沒有表現(xiàn)得他們接受這一個(gè)理論，他們一邊接受別人沒有天生自由，一邊卻相信自己的自由，這和B項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生建議他的病人戒煙，以改善病人的健康，而醫(yī)生每天抽一包煙”是一樣的，所以B項(xiàng)是正確的。A項(xiàng)“政治家使用公共交通工具的習(xí)慣，因?yàn)樗诔鞘械拿總€(gè)人都是這樣出行的”、C項(xiàng)“一位母親每天帶她的女兒去練芭蕾舞，因?yàn)樗r(shí)候從來沒有這樣的機(jī)會(huì)”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)博物館館長決定不舉