考研考博-英語(yǔ)-延安大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-延安大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thenewspaperdidnotmentionthe（）ofthedamagecausedbythefire.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.range

B.level

C.extent

D.quantity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。range“范圍”；level“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，常強(qiáng)調(diào)變化的差異性和職權(quán)等的范圍”；extent“程度，范圍，長(zhǎng)度”；quantity“數(shù)量”。句意：這家報(bào)紙沒(méi)有提到由于火災(zāi)所造成的損害程度。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thediscoveryofnewoil-fieldsinvariouspartsofthecountryfilledthegovernmentwith（

）hope.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.eternal

B.everlasting

C.ceaseless

D.infinite

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在這個(gè)國(guó)家多個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)新油田使政府充滿無(wú)限的希望。

形容詞辨析。Eternal永恒的;everlasting永恒的，接連不斷的;ceaseless不斷的，不停的;infinite無(wú)限的，無(wú)窮的。

3.單選題

Withtimethememoryfadedinto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.nourishment

B.realization

C.longevity

D.oblivion

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。nourishment意為“營(yíng)養(yǎng)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)品”；realization意為“認(rèn)識(shí)，領(lǐng)會(huì)，領(lǐng)悟”；longevity意為“長(zhǎng)壽”；oblivion意為“遺忘，昏迷”。

句意：隨著時(shí)間的流逝，記憶漸漸淡忘了。

4.單選題

Hardly（）openedtheletter（）rushedoutofthehouse,wildwithjoy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didhe,whenhe

B.hadhe,whenhe

C.hadhe,didhe

D.didhe,hewhen

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒裝。當(dāng)Hardly在句首時(shí)，為固定的倒裝，且和when搭配，為Hardly…when…，可排除C選項(xiàng)?？崭窈髈pen是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞且已經(jīng)是ed形式，證明之前不能使用did（使用did，open要相對(duì)應(yīng)的使用原型），排除A,D選項(xiàng)，句意：他一打開信，就欣喜若狂地沖出了房子。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

EventhoughtheRedCrosshad（）largesumforthereliefofthesufferersofthedisaster,manypeopleperished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alienated

B.alternated

C.allocated

D.ascertained

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。alienate使疏遠(yuǎn)，離間；alternate交替，輪流；allocate分配；ascertain確定，查明。能與largesum搭配的只有分配。故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：盡管紅十字會(huì)劃撥了一大筆款項(xiàng)來(lái)緩解遭受災(zāi)難的人們，但仍有很多人因這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難而死亡。

6.單選題

By（

）

computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimathousanddollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.coarse

B.rude

C.average

D.general

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗魯?shù)摹?；average“平均的，普通的”；general“一般的，普通的”。句意：通過(guò)粗略計(jì)算，他估計(jì)修理好這個(gè)房子需要花費(fèi)一千美元。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Thepooroldmanwas（

）withdiabetesandwithoutpropermedicaltreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。suffer“遭受”；afflict“折磨”；induce“誘導(dǎo)”；infect“感染”。句意：這為可憐的老人患有糖尿病，如果沒(méi)有適當(dāng)?shù)闹委?，他就?huì)喪失視力，很快就會(huì)殘廢。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.can

B.had

C.spoke

D.could

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我不會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)，但是我確實(shí)希望我可以。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。在與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的句子中，應(yīng)用should,would,might或could。

9.單選題

Weagreedtoaccept______theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.whatever

B.whomever

C.whichever

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們同意接受他們認(rèn)為的最好的導(dǎo)游。橫線到句尾是跟在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞accept后的賓語(yǔ)從句，橫線部分是從句主語(yǔ)，theythought是插入語(yǔ)，was是系動(dòng)詞，thebesttouristguide是表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)指的是人，D選項(xiàng)whoever符合題意。A選項(xiàng)whatever和C選項(xiàng)whichever指的是物，B選項(xiàng)whomever是賓格。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Onlineprogramstofightdepressionarealreadycommerciallyavailable.Whiletheysoundefficientandcost-saving,arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.

Thestudylookedatcomputer-assistedcognitive(認(rèn)知的)behavioraltherapy(CBT)andfoundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor.

TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression,helpingpeoplechallengenegativethoughtsandchangethewaytheythinkinordertochangetheirmoodandbehaviors.However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.

AteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkconductedarandomized(隨機(jī)的)controltrialwith691depressedpatientsfrom83physicianpracticesacrossEngland.Thepatientsweresplitintothreegroups:onegroupreceivedonlyusualcarefromaphysicianwhiletheothertwogroupsreceivedusualcarefromaphysicianplusoneoftwocomputerizedCBTprograms.Participantswerebalancedacrossthethreegroupsforage,sex,educationalbackground,severityanddurationofdepression,anduseofantidepressants(抗抑郁藥).

Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.

“It’sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn’tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,”saysChristopherDowrick,aprofessorofprimarymedicalcareattheUniversityofLiverpool.“Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed.”

Beingdepressedcanmeanfeeling“l(fā)ostinyourownsmall,negative,darkworld,”Dowricksays.Havingaperson,insteadofacomputer,reachouttoyouisparticularlyimportantincombatingthatsenseofisolation.“Whenyou’reemotionallyvulnerable,you’reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing,”hesays.

1.WhatdoestherecentstudysayaboutonlineCBTprograms?

2.WhathasmadeonlineCBTprogramsincreasinglypopular?

3.WhatisthemajorfindingbyresearchersattheUniversityofYork?

4.WhatisProfessorDowrick’sadviceconcerningonlineCBTprograms?

5.Whatismoreimportanttoanemotionallyvulnerableperson?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Patientsmaynotbeabletocarrythemthroughforeffectivecure.

B.Patientscannotengagewiththemwithouttheuseofacomputer.

C.Theycansavepatientstroublevisitingphysicians.

D.Theyhavebeenwellreceivedbyalotofpatients.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theireffectivenessincombatingdepression.

B.Thelowefficiencyoftraditionaltalktherapy.

C.Theireasyandinexpensiveaccessbypatients.

D.Therecommendationbyprimarycaredoctors.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.OnlineCBTprogramsarenomoreeffectivethanregularcarefromphysicians.

B.Theprocessoftreatingdepressionisoftenmorecomplicatedthananticipated.

C.ThecombinationoftraditionalCBTandcomputerizedCBTismosteffective.

D.Depressionisamentalconditionwhichistobetreatedwithextremecaution.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldnotbeneglectedinprimarycare.

B.Theireffectivenessshouldnotbeoverestimated.

C.Theyshouldbeusedbystrictlyfollowinginstructions.

D.Theiruseshouldbeencouragedbydoctorsandtherapists.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Apositivestateofmind.

B.Appropriatemedication.

C.Timelyencouragement.

D.Humaninteraction.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。題干意思是“最近的研究對(duì)在線認(rèn)知行為療法項(xiàng)目說(shuō)了什么？”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞recentstudy和onlineCBT定位到文章第一段第二句arecentstudyreportsthattheyarenoteffective,primarilybecausedepressedpatientsarenotlikelytoengagewiththemorstickwiththem.（最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明它們并不有效，主要是因?yàn)橐钟舭Y患者不太可能與它們接觸或堅(jiān)持使用），結(jié)合第二段foundthatitwasnomoreeffectiveintreatingdepressionthantheusualcarepatientsreceivefromaprimarycaredoctor（發(fā)現(xiàn)它對(duì)抑郁癥的治療效果并不比初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生給患者提供的普通護(hù)理更有效），由此可知，在線CBT項(xiàng)目并不比醫(yī)生提供的護(hù)理更有效，而且抑郁癥患者不太會(huì)與之建立有意義的聯(lián)系或者堅(jiān)持使用，所以A項(xiàng)“病人或許不能為了有效治療而堅(jiān)持到最后”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“如果不使用電腦，患者就無(wú)法與它們交流”，原文提到的是患者不太可能和它們交流，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)“它們可以省去病人去看醫(yī)生的麻煩”和D項(xiàng)“它們得到了很多患者的好評(píng)”在這兩段沒(méi)有提及。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“是什么讓在線CBT項(xiàng)目越來(lái)越受歡迎？”。根據(jù)第三段最后一句However,onlineCBTprogramshavebeengainingpopularity,withtheattractionofprovidinglow-costhelpwhereversomeonehasaccesstoacomputer.（然而，在線CBT項(xiàng)目越來(lái)越受歡迎，因?yàn)樗梢栽谌魏慰梢允褂秒娔X的地方提供低成本的幫助）可知，在線CBT項(xiàng)目越來(lái)越受歡迎是因?yàn)橹灰褂秒娔X，就可以獲得低成本的幫助，故C項(xiàng)“病人可以方便和便宜地獲得它們”正確。A項(xiàng)“它們對(duì)抗抑郁癥的有效性”，文章前兩段還提到了在線CBT項(xiàng)目對(duì)抑郁癥的治療效果并不比初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生給患者提供的普通護(hù)理更有效，所以A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；第三段第一句提到TraditionalCBTisconsideredaneffectiveformoftalktherapyfordepression（傳統(tǒng)的CBT被認(rèn)為是治療抑郁癥的一種有效的談話療法）可知B項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)談話療法的低效率”錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“初級(jí)保健醫(yī)生的建議”文中沒(méi)有提及。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“約克大學(xué)研究人員的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么？”。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段，該段介紹了這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)容，接著第五段講述了這個(gè)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，Afterfourmonths,thepatientsusingthecomputerizedCBTprogramshadnoimprovementindepressionlevelsoverthepatientswhowereonlygettingusualcarefromtheirdoctors.（四個(gè)月后，使用計(jì)算機(jī)化的CBT程序的患者的抑郁水平?jīng)]有比只接受醫(yī)生常規(guī)治療的患者有所改善）可知，A項(xiàng)“在線CBT項(xiàng)目并不比醫(yī)生的常規(guī)護(hù)理更有效”正確。B項(xiàng)“治療抑郁癥的過(guò)程往往比預(yù)期的更復(fù)雜”和D項(xiàng)“抑郁是一種精神狀況，需要極其謹(jǐn)慎的治療”在這兩段沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)；C項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)CBT與計(jì)算機(jī)化CBT相結(jié)合是最有效的”，該項(xiàng)是無(wú)中生有，文章并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)兩種CBT結(jié)合治療的有效性。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“關(guān)于在線CBT項(xiàng)目，多瑞克教授有什么建議？”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第六段，“It’sanimportant,cautionarynotethatweshouldn’tgettoocarriedawaywiththeideathatacomputersystemcanreplacedoctorsandtherapists,”saysChristopherDowrick…“Wedostillneedthehumantouchorthehumaninteraction,particularlywhenpeoplearedepressed.”（多瑞克說(shuō)：“這是一個(gè)重要的警示，我們不應(yīng)該過(guò)度沉迷于計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)可以取代醫(yī)生和治療師的想法，我們?nèi)匀恍枰伺c人之間的接觸或互動(dòng)，尤其是在人們抑郁的時(shí)候”），由此我們可知，多瑞克教授認(rèn)為治療抑郁癥仍然需要人與人的面對(duì)面交流，不應(yīng)純粹的依賴計(jì)算機(jī)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊男Я](méi)有想象的高，所以B項(xiàng)“它們的效力不應(yīng)該被高估”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“在初級(jí)保健中不應(yīng)忽視它們”和D項(xiàng)“醫(yī)生和治療師應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)使用它們”內(nèi)容與原文不符；C項(xiàng)“應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格按照說(shuō)明書使用它們”文章沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“對(duì)一個(gè)情感脆弱的人來(lái)說(shuō)，什么更重要？”。文章最后一句話提到Whenyou’reemotionallyvulnerable,you’reevenmoreinneedofacaringhumanbeing.（當(dāng)你情緒脆弱時(shí)，你更需要有人關(guān)心你），可知對(duì)一個(gè)情感脆弱的人來(lái)說(shuō)，人們之間的交流和關(guān)心是最重要的，所以D項(xiàng)“人際互動(dòng)”正確。A項(xiàng)“積極的心態(tài)”和B項(xiàng)“適當(dāng)?shù)乃幬铩辈环显囊馑?；C項(xiàng)“及時(shí)鼓勵(lì)”只是其中一個(gè)方面，太片面。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

BigBenisoneofLondon’sbest-knownlandmark,andlooksmostspectacularatnightwhentheclockfacesarelighted.Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.

Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.Minutelyregulated（校準(zhǔn)）withastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.

ThenameBigBenactuallyrefersnottotheclock-toweritself,buttothethirteen-tonbellhungwithin.Thebellwasnamedafterthefirstcommissionerofworks,SirBenjaminHall.ThisbellcameoriginallyfromtheoldPalaceofWestminster,andwasgiventotheDeanofSt.PaulbyWilliamIII.BeforereturningtoWestminstertohanginitspresenthome,itwasrefashionedinWhitechapelin1858.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimes（報(bào)時(shí)）onthe31stDecember1923—thereisamicrophoneintheturretconnectedtoBroadcastingHouse.

DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament,buttheclocktowerremainedintactandBigBencontinuedtokeeptimeandstrikeawaythehours,itsuniquesoundwasbroadcasttothenationandaroundtheworld,awelcomereassuranceofhopetoallwhoheardit.

Thetowerisnotopentothegeneralpublic,butthosewitha“specialinterest”mayarrangeavisittothetopoftheClockTowerthroughtheirlocal（UK）MP.

1.Whenparliamenthasmeeting（）.

2.Whichoffollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Thebellwasonceownedby（）.

4.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimesontheeveof（）.

5.Theword“intact”inLine2,Para.4probablymeans（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.alightisonabovetheface

B.theclockfacesarelighted

C.BigBenstrikesthetime

D.BigBenlightstheparliament

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.BigBenhasonlyonehand.

B.BigBenhasneverstopped.

C.BigBenhasahugependulummadeofcoins.

D.CoinsareusedtomakeBigBenworkmoreprecisely.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theBBC

B.theDeanofSt.Paul

C.SirBenjaminHall

D.theoldPalaceofWestminster

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.1858

B.1923

C.1924

D.1941

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.uncut

B.unharmed

C.uninjured

D.undamaged

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.（你甚至知道議會(huì)什么時(shí)候開會(huì)，因?yàn)橐槐K燈在鐘面上方閃爍。）由此得知A選項(xiàng)“鐘面上有一盞燈”正確。B選項(xiàng)“鐘面是亮的”并不準(zhǔn)確；C選項(xiàng)“大本鐘在報(bào)時(shí)”沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“大本鐘照亮了議會(huì)”不對(duì)。

2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段第二句話Minutelyregulatedwithastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.（大本鐘的鐘擺上放置了一堆硬幣，精確地調(diào)節(jié)著時(shí)間，它是一個(gè)出色的計(jì)時(shí)器，很少停下來(lái)。）因此D選項(xiàng)“硬幣被用來(lái)使大本鐘工作得更精確”正確。A選項(xiàng)“大本鐘只有一個(gè)指針”在第二段的第一句話Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.（這個(gè)鐘的四個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)盤是23平方英尺，分針是14英尺長(zhǎng)，數(shù)字是2英尺高。）這里可以看出大本鐘是否有多于一個(gè)指針原文并沒(méi)有提及；B選項(xiàng)“大本鐘從不停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”，原文說(shuō)大本鐘很少停下，說(shuō)明它還是會(huì)停止，只是很罕見(jiàn)；C選項(xiàng)“大本鐘有一個(gè)由硬幣組成的巨大鐘擺”，硬幣只是讓大本鐘變得更準(zhǔn)確，但并不是它的鐘擺組成。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文定位到第三段的第三句話ThisbellcameoriginallyfromtheoldPalaceofWestminster,andwasgiventotheDeanofSt.PaulbyWilliamIII.（這只鐘最初來(lái)自威斯敏斯特宮，是威廉三世送給圣保羅教長(zhǎng)的。）因此B選項(xiàng)“它是屬于圣保羅的教長(zhǎng)的”正確。A、C、D均不符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段的倒數(shù)第一句話TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimesonthe31stDecember1923—thereisamicrophoneintheturretconnectedtoBroadcastingHouse.（英國(guó)廣播公司于1923年12月31日首次播放了大本鐘，它的信息塔上有一個(gè)麥克風(fēng)連接到廣播大樓。）而原文問(wèn)的是在哪一年的前夜，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第三段BeforereturningtoWestminstertohanginitspresenthome,itwasrefashionedinWhitechapelin1858.（在回到威斯敏斯特懸掛在現(xiàn)在的家中之前，它在1858年被重新設(shè)計(jì)在白色教堂。）與事件不符合；B選項(xiàng)與題干不符合；D選項(xiàng)在倒數(shù)第二段DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament（1941年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，一枚炸彈摧毀了下議院的議會(huì)）與事件不符。

5.語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament,buttheclocktowerremainedintactandBigBencontinuedtokeeptimeandstrikeawaythehours（1941年第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，一枚炸彈摧毀了下議院的議會(huì)，但鐘樓仍完好無(wú)損，大本鐘繼續(xù)計(jì)時(shí)，不停地敲響鐘聲）根據(jù)原文含義可知intact意為“完整的，原封不動(dòng)的”。A選項(xiàng)“未切的，毛邊的，未雕琢的，未割的”；B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)恙的；沒(méi)有受傷的（用于人）”；C選項(xiàng)“未受傷害的；未蒙損失的（多用于人或器官）”；D選項(xiàng)“未毀壞的，未損壞的（多用于物品）”，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

His（）directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.complicated

C.arbitrary

D.intricate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他模棱兩可的指示把我們弄糊涂了；我們不知道該走哪條路。

考查形容詞辨析。ambiguous引起歧義的；模糊的；complicated難懂的；復(fù)雜的；arbitrary任意的；武斷的；intricate復(fù)雜的；錯(cuò)綜的。由后半句句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Hewasayoungmanofbarelyeighteenyears,evidentlycountry（

）,andnow,asitseemed,onhisfirstvisittotown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.broughtup

B.bred

C.grownup

D.raised

【答案】B

【解析】bringup提出，教育，養(yǎng)育；breed養(yǎng)育，培育；growup成長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)大；raise提高，養(yǎng)育，上升。countrybred為常用短語(yǔ)，意為：鄉(xiāng)村長(zhǎng)大的。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

14.單選題

AdefeatedcandidatefortheHouseofRepresentativesmustwaittwoyearsbeforerunningagain,becauseelectionsare______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.semiannual

B.biennial

C.biannual

D.bilateral

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)semiannual“每半年的，半年一次的”，B項(xiàng)biennial“兩年一次的”，C項(xiàng)biannual“一年兩度的”，D項(xiàng)bilateral“雙邊的，有兩邊的”。根據(jù)waittwoyearsbeforerunningagain“等待兩年再次參選”可知，“兩年一次的”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：被擊敗的眾議院候選人必須等待兩年才能再次參選，因?yàn)檫x舉是兩年一次的。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

MostofuswillnotwantmercykillingoreuthanasiauntilthelastminuteandevenassistedsuicidecampaignerslikeTimothyLearyoftenbackoutoftheactanddienaturaldeaths.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.propup

B.flinch

C.fallbehind

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們大多數(shù)人直到最后一刻才會(huì)想要安樂(lè)死或臨終關(guān)懷，甚至像蒂莫西?利里這樣的協(xié)助自殺活動(dòng)家也常……這一行為，選擇自然死亡。A選項(xiàng)propup“支撐”；B選項(xiàng)flinch“退縮；畏懼”；C選項(xiàng)fallbehind“拖欠；落后”；D選項(xiàng)retain“保持；保留”。“這一行為”指的是安樂(lè)死，既然這位協(xié)助自殺活動(dòng)家選擇了自然死亡，那么B選項(xiàng)“畏懼”符合題意。

16.單選題

BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.，theByzantineEmpire(拜占庭帝國(guó))stagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600,anditsremainingareawasbeingraidedbyArabsandBulgarians,whoattimesthreatenedtotakeConstantinopleandextinguishedtheempirealtogether.Thewealthofthestateanditssubjectswasgreatlydiminished,andartisticandliteraryproductionhadvirtuallyceased.Bytheearlyeleventhcentury,however,theempirehadregainedalmosthalfofitslostpossessions,itsnewfrontiersweresecure,anditsinfluenceextendedfarbeyonditsborders.Theeconomyhadrecovered,thetreasurywasfull,andartandscholarshiphadadvanced.

ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.RomeunderAugustusandfifth-centuryAthensprovidethemostobviousexamplesinantiquity.Moreover,anexaminationoftheapparentsequentialconnectionsamongmilitary,economic,andculturalformsofprogressmighthelpexplainthedynamicsofhistoricalchange.

ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.

Nodoubtthishypotheticalpatterndidapplyattimesduringthecourseoftherecovery.Yetitisnotclearthatmilitaryadvancesinvariablycamefirst.Economicadvancessecond,andintellectualadvancesthird.Inthe860’stheByzantineEmpirebegantorecoverfromArabincursionssothatby872themilitarybalancewiththeAbbasidCaliphatehadbeenpermanentlyalteredintheempire’sfavor.Thebeginningoftheempire’seconomicrevival,however,canbeplacedbetween810and830.Finally,theByzantinerevivaloflearningappearstohavebegunevenearlier.Anumberofnotablescholarsandwritersappearedby788and,bythelastdecadeoftheeighthcentury,aculturalrevivalwasinfullbloom,arevivalthatlasteduntilthefallofConstantinoplein1453.Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.

41.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthetext?

42.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheByzantineEmpiresustainedsignificantterritoriallosses___.

43.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthormostprobablyprovidesanexplanationoftheapparentconnectionsamongeconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentinorderto___.

44.WhichofthefollowingdoestheauthormentionascrucialevidenceconcerningthemannerinwhichtheByzantinerevivalbegan?

45.Accordingtotheauthor,“Thecommonexplanation”(paragraph3)ofconnectionsbetweeneconomic,military,andculturaldevelopmentis___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheByzantineEmpirewasauniquecaseinwhichtheusualorderofmilitaryandeconomicrevivalprecedingculturalrevivalwasreversed.

B.Theeconomic,cultural,andmilitaryrevivalintheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturieswassimilarinitsordertothesequenceofrevivalinAugustanRomeandfifth-centuryAthens.

C.After810Byzantineeconomicrecoveryspurredamilitaryand,later,culturalexpansionthatlasteduntil1453.

D.TherevivaloftheByzantineEmpirebetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesshowsculturalrebirthprecedingeconomicandmilitaryrevival,thereverseofthegenerallyacceptedsequenceofprogress.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.in600

B.duringtheseventhcentury

C.acenturyaftertheculturalachievementsoftheByzantineEmpirehadbeenlost

D.soonaftertherevivalofByzantinelearning

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.suggestthattheprocessofrevivalinByzantiumaccordswiththismodel

B.setupanorderofeventsthatisthenshowntobenotgenerallyapplicabletothecaseofByzantium

C.castaspersionsontraditionalhistoricalscholarshipaboutByzantium

D.suggestthatByzantiumrepresentsacaseforwhichnohistoricalprecedentexists

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheByzantinemilitaryrevivalofthe860’sledtoeconomicandculturaladvances.

B.TheByzantineculturalrevivallasteduntil1453.

C.TheByzantineeconomicrecoverybeganinthe900’s.

D.TherevivalofByzantinelearningbegantowardtheendoftheeighthcentury.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.revolutionaryandtoonewtohavebeenappliedtothehistoryoftheByzantineEmpire

B.reasonable,butanantiquatedtheoryofthenatureofprogress

C.notapplicabletotheByzantinerevivalasawhole,butdoesperhapsaccuratelydescribelimitedperiodsduringtherevival

D.equallyapplicabletotheByzantinecaseasawholeandtothehistoryofmilitary,economic,andculturaladvancesinancientGreeceandRome

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段開頭BetweentheeighthandeleventhcenturiesA.D.,theByzantineEmpirestagedanalmostunparalleledeconomicandculturalrevival,arecoverythatisallthemorestrikingbecauseitfollowedalongperiodofsevereinternaldecline.（在公元8世紀(jì)到11世紀(jì)之間，拜占庭帝國(guó)上演了一場(chǎng)幾乎無(wú)與倫比的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化復(fù)興，這種復(fù)興之所以格外引人注目，是因?yàn)樗?jīng)歷了一段長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的嚴(yán)重內(nèi)部衰退）和最后一段結(jié)尾Thus,thecommonlyexpectedorderofmilitaryrevivalfollowedbyeconomicandthenbyculturalrecoverywasreversedinByzantium.Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.（因此，在拜占庭，人們普遍期望的軍事復(fù)興，隨后是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，然后是文化復(fù)蘇的秩序被逆轉(zhuǎn)了。事實(shí)上，拜占庭學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)興本身可能影響了后來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事擴(kuò)張）可知選D選項(xiàng)“拜占庭帝國(guó)在8世紀(jì)和11世紀(jì)之間的復(fù)興顯示了經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事復(fù)興之前的文化復(fù)興，與普遍接受的進(jìn)步秩序相反”；根據(jù)第二段開頭ToconsidertheByzantinemilitary,cultural,andeconomicadvancesasdifferentiatedaspectsofasinglephenomenonisreasonable.Afterall,thesethreeformsofprogresshavegonetogetherinanumberofstatesandcivilizations.（將拜占庭的軍事、文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)步視為單一現(xiàn)象的不同方面是合理的。畢竟，這三種形式的進(jìn)步在許多國(guó)家和文明中是同時(shí)發(fā)生）可知A選項(xiàng)“拜占庭帝國(guó)是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的例子，在文化復(fù)興之前，通常的軍事和經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興的秩序被逆轉(zhuǎn)了”錯(cuò)誤，文中只是說(shuō)明了拜占庭帝國(guó)的發(fā)展順序與一般的不一樣，但并未說(shuō)明唯一；B選項(xiàng)“810年后，拜占庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇刺激了軍事和文化的擴(kuò)張，這種擴(kuò)張一直持續(xù)到1453年”，C選項(xiàng)“8世紀(jì)拜占庭學(xué)術(shù)的復(fù)興是一種無(wú)法解釋的現(xiàn)象，它的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事先驅(qū)尚未被發(fā)現(xiàn)”只是文章中的部分內(nèi)容，并不能概括文章主旨。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

42.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到原文第一段Bytheearlyeighthcentury,theempirehadlostroughlytwo-thirdsoftheterritoryithadpossessedintheyear600…（到了八世紀(jì)初，帝國(guó)在公元600年失去了大約三分之二的領(lǐng)土）可以推斷出在七世紀(jì)時(shí)拜占庭帝國(guó)遭受到了嚴(yán)重的領(lǐng)域損失，所以到八世紀(jì)初，帝國(guó)失去了大約三分之二的領(lǐng)土，選B選項(xiàng)“在七世紀(jì)”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“600年”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“拜占庭帝國(guó)的文化成就消失后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)”和D選項(xiàng)“拜占庭學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)興后不久”和原文不符，排除。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

43.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.Therefore,Byzantinemilitaryachievementsledtoeconomicadvances,whichinturnledtoculturalrevival.（在拜占庭的例子中，對(duì)這些明顯聯(lián)系的一般解釋是這樣的：當(dāng)?shù)蹏?guó)拒絕了敵人對(duì)自己領(lǐng)土的襲擊，并開始突襲和征服敵人的領(lǐng)土?xí)r，拜占庭的資源自然擴(kuò)大了，更多的錢可以用來(lái)資助藝術(shù)和文學(xué)。因此，拜占庭的軍事成就導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展反過(guò)來(lái)又導(dǎo)致了文化的復(fù)興）證明拜占庭的情況和常見(jiàn)的事件順序不一樣，則選B選項(xiàng)“建立一個(gè)事件的順序，然后顯示不普遍適用于拜占庭的情況”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為拜占庭的復(fù)興過(guò)程符合這個(gè)模式”錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)關(guān)于拜占庭的傳統(tǒng)歷史學(xué)術(shù)進(jìn)行誹謗”不是作者的意圖，在文章中看不到與之相關(guān)的線索；D選項(xiàng)“表明拜占庭代表了一個(gè)沒(méi)有歷史先例的案例”也未在原文確定。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到最后一段Thebeginningoftheempire’seconomicrevival,however,canbeplacedbetween810and830.Finally,theByzantinerevivaloflearningappearstohavebegunevenearlier.（然而，羅馬帝國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇開始于810年至830年之間。最后，拜占庭式的學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)興似乎更早開始）以及最后一句Infact,therevivalofByzantinelearningmayitselfhaveinfluencedthesubsequenteconomicandmilitaryexpansion.（事實(shí)上，拜占庭學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)興本身可能影響了后來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事擴(kuò)張）可知選D選項(xiàng)“拜占庭學(xué)習(xí)的復(fù)興開始于8世紀(jì)末”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“拜占庭軍事的復(fù)興導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的進(jìn)步”和C選項(xiàng)“拜占庭的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇開始于900年”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“拜占庭文化的復(fù)興持續(xù)到1453年”在原文中有提及，但是不符合題目所問(wèn)關(guān)于拜占庭復(fù)興方式的關(guān)鍵證據(jù)，排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

45.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第三段ThecommonexplanationoftheseapparentconnectionsinthecaseofByzantiumwouldrunlikethis:whentheempirehadturnedbackenemyraidsonitsownterritoryandhadbeguntoraidandconquerenemyterritory,Byzantineresourcesnaturallyexpandedandmoremoneybecameavailabletopatronizeartandliterature.（在拜占庭的例子中，對(duì)這些明顯聯(lián)系的一般解釋是這樣的：當(dāng)?shù)蹏?guó)拒絕了敵人對(duì)自己領(lǐng)土的襲擊，并開始突襲和征服敵人的領(lǐng)土?xí)r，拜占庭的資源自然擴(kuò)大了，更多的錢可以用來(lái)資助藝術(shù)和文學(xué)）以及結(jié)合第四段開頭Nodoubtthishypotheticalpatterndidapplyattimesduringthecourseoftherecovery.（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的過(guò)程中，這種假設(shè)模式有時(shí)確實(shí)適用）可知選C選項(xiàng)“不適用于拜占庭的整個(gè)復(fù)興，但可能準(zhǔn)確地描述了復(fù)興期間的有限時(shí)期”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“革命性的，太新了，不適合應(yīng)用于拜占庭帝國(guó)的歷史”以及D選項(xiàng)“同樣適用于整個(gè)拜占庭案件以及古希臘和羅馬的軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化進(jìn)步的歷史”錯(cuò)誤；B選項(xiàng)“合理的，但是一個(gè)關(guān)于進(jìn)步本質(zhì)的過(guò)時(shí)的理論”原文未涉及，排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

17.翻譯題

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseontheAnswerSheet.

Wecannotacceptthegrowingthreatposedbyclimatechange,whichcouldforeverdamagetheworldthatwepassontoourchildren,sowingconflictandfamine,destroyingcoastlinesandemptyingcities.Andthat’swhyallnationsmustnowaccepttheirshareofresponsibilityfortransformingthewaythatweuseenergy.

Wecan’tacceptaworldinwhichmorepeoplearedeniedopportunityanddignitythatallpeopleyearnfor:theabilitytogetaneducationandmakeadecentliving,thesecuritythatyouwon’thavetoliveinfearofdiseaseorviolencewithouthopeforthefuture.

Iknowthesechallengescanbemet,solongasit’srecognizedthattheywillnotbemetbyonepersonoronenationalone.Thisawardisnotsimplyabouttheeffortsofmyadministration;it’saboutthecourageouseffortsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

【答案】我們不能接受氣候變化造成的日益嚴(yán)重的威脅，那可能會(huì)永久性地?fù)p害我們傳給子孫后代的這個(gè)世界。我們不能播下沖突和饑荒的種子，摧毀海岸線，使城市蕭條。這就是為什么我們所有國(guó)家現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)各自的責(zé)任，改變我們使用能源的方式。

我們不能接受一個(gè)更多人被剝奪機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)的世界，這種人人渴望的機(jī)會(huì)和尊嚴(yán)就是：能夠接受教育，能夠過(guò)上體面的生活，有安全感，即你不必在疾病或者暴力恐怖的擔(dān)憂中沒(méi)有希望地生活。

我知道這些挑戰(zhàn)是可以應(yīng)對(duì)的，只要人們認(rèn)識(shí)到這些挑戰(zhàn)不會(huì)由一個(gè)人或一個(gè)國(guó)家單獨(dú)應(yīng)對(duì)。這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)不僅僅是我政府的努力，而是全世界人民的勇敢努力。

18.單選題

Sam'sclose（

）tohisbrothermadepeoplemistakethemforoneanother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accuracy

B.confusion

C.probability

D.resemblance

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。accuracy“精確性”；confusion“混亂”；probability“可能性”；resemblance“相似”。句意：Sam跟他兄弟長(zhǎng)得很像，人們經(jīng)常把他們弄混。D項(xiàng)符合題意，答案D

19.翻譯題

在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩的情況下，為何大宗商品價(jià)格卻在飆升呢？流行的解釋似乎是“投機(jī)”。但是，由于投機(jī)是無(wú)時(shí)不在的，這無(wú)法解釋為什么現(xiàn)在價(jià)格猛漲。另一個(gè)流行的解釋是美國(guó)大幅放寬貨幣政策。但這很難解釋這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：按照歐元計(jì)算，油價(jià)也在快速上漲。同時(shí)，投機(jī)也無(wú)法解釋那些沒(méi)有活躍期貨市場(chǎng)的大宗商品價(jià)格的上漲。

(參考詞匯：commodityprices;soar;speculation;ease;monetarypolicy;euro;futuresmarket)

【答案】

Whyarecommoditypricessoaringwhenworldeconomyisslowing?Thepopularexplanationseemstobe“speculation”.But,sincespeculationisalwayswithus,thiscannotexplainwhypricesaresoaringnow?AnotherpopularexplanationistheaggressiveeasingofUSmonetarypolicy.But,thishardlyexplainsthefactthatthepriceofoilisrisingrapidlyevenineuros.Nordoesspeculationexplaintheriseinthepricesofthesecommoditiesthatdonothaveactivefuturesmarkets.

20.單選題

Thelightsandmusic（）aswesailedawayfromtheharbor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faded

B.disappeared

C.declined

D.stopped

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)faded“漸弱，褪色”；B選項(xiàng)disappeared“消失，失蹤”；C選項(xiàng)declined“下降，拒絕”；D選項(xiàng)stopped“停止，停頓”。句意：我們駛離港口時(shí)，燈光和音樂(lè)（）下來(lái)。這里根據(jù)句意可以判斷出要考的意思是“燈光和音樂(lè)漸漸弱了”，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

21.單選題

Yetbeyondthattragicpicture,thereisarevolutionatworkinworldagriculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflective

B.illusive

C.intolerable

D.grievous

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:除去這悲慘的景象，農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域正發(fā)生著變革。reflective:反射的，反映的，反思的。illusive:錯(cuò)覺(jué)的，迷惑人的。intolerable:無(wú)法忍受的,不能容忍的。grievous:嚴(yán)重的，令人傷心的,劇烈的。tragic:悲劇的，悲痛的。故選D。

22.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtwotextscarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

(1)Sexprejudicesarebasedonandjustifiedbytheideologythatbiologyisdestiny.Accordingtothisideology,basicbiologicalandpsychologicaldifferencesexistbetweenthesexes.Thesedifferencesrequireeachsextoplayaseparateroleinsociallife.Womenaretheweakersex—bothphysicallyandemotionally.(2)Thus,theyarenaturallysuited,muchmoresothanmen,totheperformanceofdomesticduties.Awoman’splace,undernormalcircumstances,iswithintheprotectiveenvironmentofthehome.Naturehasdeterminedthatwomenplaycaretakerroles,suchaswifeandmotherandhomemaker.Ontheotherhand,menarebestsuitedtogooutintothecompetitiveworldofworkandpolitics,whereseriou