考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)人民大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-中國(guó)人民大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

He（）himselfonherbynotinvitinghertohisparty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revenged

B.repaid

C.reproached

D.rectified

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。revengeoneselfonsb.表示“報(bào)復(fù)；向（某人）報(bào)仇”。句意：他通過(guò)不邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加派對(duì)向她報(bào)復(fù)。結(jié)合句意，故A為正確答案。

2.單選題

TheNeutralityofAmericanintheEarlyWorldWarⅡTheestablishmentoftheThirdReichinfluencedeventsinAmericanhistorybystartingachainofeventswhichculminatedinwarbetweenGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.In1937thePresidentwasempoweredtodeclareanarmsembargoinwarsbetweennationsathisdiscretion.

AmericanopinionbegantochangesomewhatafterPresidentRoosevelt’s“quarantinetheaggressor”speechatChicago(1937)inwhichheseverelycriticizedHitler’spolicies.Germany’sseizureofAustriaandtheMunichPactforthepartitionofCzechoslovakia(1938)alsoarousedtheAmericanpeople.TheconquestofCzechoslovakiainMarch,1939wasanotherrudeawakeningtothemenaceoftheThirdReich.InAugust,1939cametheshockoftheNazi-sovietPactandinSeptembertheattackonPolandandtheoutbreakofEuropeanwar.TheUnitedStatesattemptedtomaintainneutralityinspiteofsympathyforthedemocraciesarrayedagainsttheThirdReich.TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.Astrongnationaldefenseprogramwasbegun.Adraftactwaspassed(1940)tostrengthenthemilitaryservices.ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.HelpwasgiventoBritainbyexchangingcertainoveragedestroyersfortherighttoestablishAmericanbasesinBritishterritoryintheWesternHemisphere.InAugust,1940PresidentRooseveltandPrimeMinisterChurchillmetandissuedtheAtlanticCharterwhichproclaimedthekindofaworldwhichshouldbeestablishedafterthewar.InDecember,1941,JapanlaunchedtheunprovokedattackontheUnitedStatesatPearlHarbor.Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.

6.Oneitemoccurringbefore1937thattheauthordoesnotmentioninhislistofactionsthatalienatedtheAmericanpublicwas___.

7.TheLend-LeaseActwasdesignedto___.

8.AmericanPolicyduringtheyears1935-1936maybedescribedasbeing___.

9.TheNeutralityActof1939___.

10.WeenteredthewaragainstGermany___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theburningoftheReichstag

B.Germanplansforconquest

C.Nazibarbarism

D.thepersecutionofreligiousgroups

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.helptheBritish

B.strengthenthenationaldefenseoftheUnitedStates

C.promotetheAtlanticCharter

D.avengePearlHarbor

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.watchful

B.isolationist

C.peaceful

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.permittedthesellingofarmstobelligerentnations

B.antagonizedJapan

C.permittedtheBritishtotradeonlywiththeAllies

D.ledtoLend-LeaseAct

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.becauseGermanydeclaredwar

B.becauseJapanwasanallyofGermany

C.afterGermanyhadsignedtheNazi-sovietPact

D.afterpeacefuleffortshadfailed

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】6.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第一段第二句Thecompetedestructionofdemocracy,thepersecutionofJews,thewaronreligion,thecrueltyandbarbarismoftheNazis,andespeciallytheplansofGermanyandherallies,ItalyandJapan,forworldconquestcausedgreatindignationinthiscountryandbroughtonfearofanotherworldwar.（民主的全面摧毀、對(duì)猶太人的迫害、摧殘宗教、納粹的殘忍和野蠻，特別是德國(guó)及其盟國(guó)意、日、征服世界的計(jì)劃激起美國(guó)極大憤怒，也帶來(lái)了又一次對(duì)世界大戰(zhàn)的恐懼）可知B選項(xiàng)“德國(guó)征服計(jì)劃”，C選項(xiàng)“納粹之殘暴”以及D選項(xiàng)“迫害宗教團(tuán)體”都有提到；A選項(xiàng)“德國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)大廈被焚毀”未提及。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TheLend-LeaseAct”定位到第二段ALendAct(1941)authorizedthePresidenttosell,exchange,orlendmaterialstoanycountrydeemednecessarybyhimforthedefenseoftheUnitedStates.（1941年的《租借法案》授權(quán)總統(tǒng)向他認(rèn)為保衛(wèi)美國(guó)所必需的任何國(guó)家出售、交換或出借物資。）可知選B選項(xiàng)“加強(qiáng)美國(guó)國(guó)防”；A選項(xiàng)“幫助英國(guó)”并不是《租借法案》真正的目的；C選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)大西洋憲章”，D選項(xiàng)“為珍珠港報(bào)仇”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“1935-1936”定位到第一段WhilespeakingoutagainstHitler’satrocities,theAmericanpeoplegenerallyfavoredisolationistpoliciesandneutrality.TheNeutralityActsof1935and1936prohibitedtradewithanybelligerentsorloanstothem.（美國(guó)人民雖然反對(duì)希特勒的兇殘等事，他們一般還是喜歡孤立（與世隔絕的）政策和保持中立。1935年和1936年的中立條約規(guī)定：禁止和交戰(zhàn)國(guó)雙方貿(mào)易和借貸）可知選B選項(xiàng)“孤立主義”；A選項(xiàng)“警惕”，C選項(xiàng)“和平”以及D選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

9.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“1939”定位到原文第二段TheNeutralityActof1939repealedthearmsembargoandpermitted“cashandcarry”exportsofarmstobelligerentnations.（1939年的中立條約取消了武器禁運(yùn)，并允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家“現(xiàn)購(gòu)自運(yùn)”出口武器）可知選A選項(xiàng)“允許向交戰(zhàn)國(guó)家出售武器”；B選項(xiàng)“反感日本”，C選項(xiàng)“允許英國(guó)人只和同盟國(guó)進(jìn)行貿(mào)易”以及D選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致借貸租賃法案”都和原文不符合。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段Immediatelythereafter,GermanydeclaredwarontheUnitedStates.（此后，德國(guó)立即對(duì)美國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)）可以推測(cè)出美國(guó)加入對(duì)德國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是由于德國(guó)先對(duì)美國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)，選A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)榈聡?guó)宣戰(zhàn)了”；B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)槿毡臼堑聡?guó)的盟友”，C選項(xiàng)“在德國(guó)簽署了納粹-蘇聯(lián)條約之后”以及D選項(xiàng)“愛(ài)好和平的努力失敗后”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Manyoftheshopkeepersarepoor.Thereisn’tmuch____inthistown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failure

B.advantage

C.prosperity

D.indigence

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.failure失敗的人（或事物）B.advantage有利條件

C.prosperity興旺；繁榮D.indigence窮困；貧乏

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：許多店主都很窮。這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)不太……。根據(jù)邏輯，由這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子上的店主很窮可以推測(cè)，這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子比較貧窮也就是不太繁華。因此選C。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)failure“失敗的人（或事物）”，因?yàn)榫渥忧鞍氩糠终f(shuō)鎮(zhèn)子很窮，后半部分說(shuō)沒(méi)有……，因此不可能是沒(méi)有太多失敗的人，該選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)advantage“有利條件”，題目說(shuō)到店主很窮，店主與有利條件聯(lián)系不大，該選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯；

D選項(xiàng)indigence“窮困；貧乏”，題目說(shuō)到大部分店主都很窮，因此這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)應(yīng)該是有很多貧困的情況，而不是沒(méi)有，因此該選項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。

【句意】許多店主都很窮。這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)不太繁華。

4.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldhetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentailhardthinking,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthetext,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothetext?

5.TheauthorcabthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordparadoxical(line6,paragraph3)mostprobablybecause（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists.

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign.

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology.

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign.

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills.

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses.

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile—forexample,theengineorthefueltank—hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Atelephoneisacomplexinstrumentdesignedbytechnologistsusingonlynonverbalthought.

D.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreased,thetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangementandtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.collegestudentswerequalifiedtomakethedrawingswhilepracticingengineerswerenot.

D.engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段提到日常生活的東西受科學(xué)影響，但是它們的形式功能等卻受到了非科學(xué)模式的影響（Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisansdesigners,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought），接下來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明了非語(yǔ)言思考的作用，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist提到設(shè)計(jì)課程對(duì)于工程學(xué)課程的重要作用，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.文章第一二段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是非科學(xué)思維模式和技術(shù)人員創(chuàng)造成型中非科學(xué)成分的作用。選項(xiàng)D“吊橋的本質(zhì)特質(zhì)反映了它的設(shè)計(jì)者的概念化和建造地點(diǎn)的物理要求”，符合題意。

4.文章的第一段的倒數(shù)第二句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings是全文的主旨句，主要提及了非語(yǔ)言思維在科學(xué)發(fā)展中的重要性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.第三段第一句InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings提到engineeringcurricula缺乏designcourses。文章第三段最后一句主要提到了工程學(xué)生在教育方面的缺不足。因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

Teachingchildrentoreadwellfromthestartisthemostimportanttaskofelementaryschools.Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.Manyschoolscontinuetoemployinstructionalmethodsthathavebeenprovenineffective.Thestayingpowerofthe“l(fā)ook-say”or“whole-word”methodofteachingbeginningreadingisperhapsthemostflagrantexampleofthisfailuretoinstructeffectively.

Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningletters,thinkingoverdecoding,developingasightvocabularyoffamiliarwordsoverdevelopingtheabilitytounlockthepronunciationofunfamiliarwords.Itfitsinwiththeself-directed,“l(fā)earninghowtolearn”activitiesrecommendedbyadvocates（倡導(dǎo)者）of“open”classroomsandwiththeconceptthatchildrenhavetobedevelopmentallyreadytobeginreading.Before1963,nomajorpublisherputoutanythingbutthese“Run-Spot-Run”readers.

However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled“thegreatdebate”inbeginningreading.Inhisbest-sellerWhyJohnnyCan’tRead,Fleschindicted（控訴）thenation’spublicschoolsformiseducatingstudentsbyusingthelook-saymethod.Hesaid--andmorescholarlystudiesbyJeaneChallandRovertDykstralaterconfirmed_thatanotherapproachtobeginningreading,foundedonphonics（語(yǔ)音學(xué)）,isfarsuperior.

Systematicphonicsfirstteacheschildrentoassociatelettersandlettercombinationswithsounds;itthenteachesthemhowtoblendthesesoundstogethertomakewords.Ratherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,itimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.

1.Theauthorfeelsthatcountingoneducatorstoteachreadingcorrectlyis（）.

2.Theauthorindictsthelook-sayreadingapproachbecause（）.

3.Onemajordifferencebetweenthelook-saymethodoflearningreadingandthephonicsmethodis（）.

4.Thephrase“touch-off”（Para3）mostprobablymeans（）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlylogicalandnatural

B.theexpectedposition

C.probablyamistake

D.merelyeffectiveinstruction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itoverlooksdecoding

B.RudolfFleschagreeswithit

C.hesaysitisboring

D.manyschoolscontinuetousethismethod

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.look-sayissimpler

B.Phonicstakeslongertolearn

C.look-sayiseasiertoteach

D.phonicsgivesreadersaccesstofarmorewords

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.talkaboutshortly

B.startorcause

C.comparewith

D.oppose

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Phonicsapproachregardswhole-wordmethodasunimportant.

B.Thewhole-wordapproachemphasizesdecoding.

C.Inphonicsapproach,itisnecessaryandlogicaltoemploydecoding.

D.Phonicsissuperiorbecauseitstressesthemeaningofwordsthusthevastmajorityofmostcommonwordscanbelearned.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段“Butrelyingoneducatorstoapproachthistaskcorrectlycanbeagreatmistake.但是依賴教育者來(lái)正確地完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)可能是一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤。”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Thewhole-wordapproachtoreadingstressesthemeaningofwordsoverthemeaningletters,thinkingoverdecoding,整字閱讀法強(qiáng)調(diào)單詞的意義而不是字母的意義，思考而不是解碼”可知A項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Ratherthanbuildinguparelativelylimitedvocabularyofmemorizedwords,itimpartsacodebywhichthepronunciationsofthevastmajorityofthemostcommonwordsintheEnglishlanguagecanbelearned.它提供了一套密碼，通過(guò)這套密碼，絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)中最常見(jiàn)的單詞的發(fā)音都可以被學(xué)習(xí)，而不是建立一個(gè)記憶單詞的相對(duì)有限的詞匯。”可知語(yǔ)音學(xué)讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)音的單詞更多。故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.詞義題。由第三段“However,in1955,RudolfFleschtouchedoffwhathasbeencalled“thegreatdebate”inbeginningreading.然而，在1955年，魯?shù)婪?弗萊什在開(kāi)始閱讀時(shí)引發(fā)了所謂的“大辯論”。”選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Phonicsdoesnotdevaluetheimportanceofthinkingaboutthemeaningofwordsandsentences;itsimplyrecognizesthatdecodingisthelogicalandnecessaryfirststep.語(yǔ)音并沒(méi)有貶低思考單詞和句子意義的重要性;它只是認(rèn)識(shí)到解碼是邏輯和必要的第一步?！笨芍Z(yǔ)音學(xué)習(xí)法認(rèn)為解碼是邏輯和必要的第一步。故C項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Americawillneveragainhaveasanationthespiritofadventureasit（）beforetheWestwassettled.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.could

B.was

C.would

D.did

【答案】D

【解析】考查助動(dòng)詞替代。題干中的as作為連詞，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“像……一樣”。根據(jù)平行結(jié)構(gòu)原則，從句中應(yīng)填入實(shí)義動(dòng)詞had，但主句中已有了一個(gè)have，為了避免重復(fù)，可用助動(dòng)詞did代替had，例如：StudyasLenindid(did用來(lái)代替studied)．像列寧那樣學(xué)習(xí)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clash“沖突、撞擊”；B選項(xiàng)crash“碰撞、墜毀”；C選項(xiàng)smash“粉碎、撞擊”；D選項(xiàng)strike“罷工、撞擊”，根據(jù)句中關(guān)鍵詞“plane飛機(jī)”可聯(lián)系crash“碰撞、墜毀”符合語(yǔ)境，句意為：飛機(jī)墜毀前，飛行員跳傘逃生。故正確答案選B。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious（31）tohowtheycanbebest（32）suchchanges.

Growingbodiesneedmovementand（33）,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.（34）theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyselfconsciousandneedthe（35）thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare（36）byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe（37）toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,（38）publishingnewsletterswithmanystudentwrittenbookreviews,（39）studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide（40）opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful（41）dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe（42）ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult（43）visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave（44）attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized（45）participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto（46）elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants（47）.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.（48）theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby（49）forrolesthatarewithintheir（50）andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thought

B.idea

C.opinion

D.advice

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strengthen

B.accommodate

C.stimulate

D.enhance

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.care

B.nutrition

C.exercise

D.leisure

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.If

B.Although

C.Whereas

D.Because

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.assistance

B.guidance

C.confidence

D.tolerance

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.claimed

B.admired

C.ignored

D.surpassed

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.improper

B.risky

C.fair

D.wise

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.ineffect

B.asaresult

C.forexample

D.inasense

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.displaying

B.describing

C.creating

D.exchanging

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.durable

B.excessive

C.surplus

D.multiple

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.group

B.individual

C.personnel

D.corporation

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.consent

B.insurance

C.admission

D.security

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.particularly

B.barely

C.definitely

D.rarely

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.similar

B.long

C.different

D.short

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.ifonly

B.nowthat

C.sothat

D.evenif

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.everything

B.anything

C.nothing

D.something

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.off

B.down

C.out

D.alone

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.Onthecontrary

B.Ontheaverage

C.Onthewhole

D.Ontheotherhand

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.making

B.standing

C.planning

D.taking

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.capabilities

B.responsibilities

C.proficiency

D.efficiency

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:A

【解析】第1題:固定搭配題。idea“主意”；opinion“觀點(diǎn)”；advice“勸告”都是和介詞onsth.搭配，表示關(guān)于某事，特別adviceto后邊一般是接“人”；所以只有thought與tosth.搭配，表示“考慮某事”。

第2題:動(dòng)詞辨析題。本題所考查的動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是suchchanges，本文的基本主線是探討青少年應(yīng)對(duì)變化的問(wèn)題，從下文中的短語(yǔ)areadjustingto“調(diào)節(jié)，使適應(yīng)”就可以斷定本題也是選擇一個(gè)表示適應(yīng)概念的選項(xiàng)，所以accommodate“適應(yīng)”是正確答案。strengthen“加強(qiáng)，鞏固”；stimulate“刺激，激勵(lì)”和enhance“提高”都不符合。

第3題:名詞辨析題。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)名詞與movement“運(yùn)動(dòng)”對(duì)應(yīng)，與competition“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”意義相反，根據(jù)后文adjustingtotheirnewbodies“適應(yīng)他們新的身體”，可知此處著重強(qiáng)調(diào)身體鍛煉，care“關(guān)心”；nutrition“營(yíng)養(yǎng)”；exercise“運(yùn)動(dòng)”；leisure“休閑”，故正確答案為exercise。

第4題:邏輯關(guān)系題。通過(guò)分析上下句的邏輯關(guān)系可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是個(gè)表示因果關(guān)系的主從復(fù)合句，所以用Because引導(dǎo)因果狀語(yǔ)從句；If引導(dǎo)條件句；Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；Whereas引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)折句。

第5題:同形詞辨析題。根據(jù)前一句中的self-conscious“自我意識(shí)”，以及本題后邊的定語(yǔ)從句thatcomesfromachievingsuccess“成功”andknowingthattheiraccomplishments“成就”，通過(guò)這幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞匯，我們不難判斷出答案是confidence“信心”；而assistance“幫助；協(xié)助”；guidance“指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”和tolerance“容忍；寬容”和這些已知信息所表達(dá)的概念不搭配。

第6題:動(dòng)詞辨析題。主語(yǔ)theiraccomplishments“成就”應(yīng)當(dāng)是被admired“贊美，羨慕”；而其他選項(xiàng)claimed“要求；聲明”；ignored“忽略；忽視”和surpassed“超越；勝過(guò)”與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)不成搭配。

第7題:形容詞辨析題。improper“不恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保籸isky“冒險(xiǎn)的”；fair“公平的”；wise“明智的”，根據(jù)前面所提到的青少年需要自信，所以此處“設(shè)計(jì)勝者多，敗者少的活動(dòng)”不可置否的是“明智的”行為，所以正確答案為wise。

第8題:詞組辨析題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，前面所說(shuō)到要設(shè)計(jì)勝者多敗者少的活動(dòng)，后文中就列舉了很多不同的活動(dòng)，可知此處應(yīng)該選擇forexample“比如；例如”表示舉例，ineffect“正在實(shí)行；實(shí)際上”；asaresult“結(jié)果”和inasense“在某一方面；就某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)”意義都不符合本題題意。

第9題:動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)此句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)與publishing“出版”；

sponsoring“贊助”所表示的動(dòng)作相一致的詞，displaying“展示；展覽”；describing“描述；描寫”；creating“創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作”和exchanging“交換”四個(gè)詞中只有displaying最恰當(dāng)，與artwork搭配，表示“展示藝術(shù)品”。

第10題:形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)本題的題意和搭配，multiple“多種多樣的”的意思最合適；即providemultipleopportunitiesforleadership“為鍛煉領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能提供很多機(jī)會(huì)”。而durable“持久的；耐久的”和surplus“過(guò)剩的，剩余的”與題意無(wú)關(guān)；excessive“過(guò)多的；過(guò)分的”含有負(fù)面意義，不能使用。

第11題:名詞辨析題。本題所在句子的主語(yǔ)Avarietyofsmallclubs“各種各樣的小型俱樂(lè)部活動(dòng)”；下一句的Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers“交朋友對(duì)青少年來(lái)說(shuō)是極其重要的”，這些信息強(qiáng)調(diào)青少年需要參加“集體活動(dòng)”，因此，符合這個(gè)概念的只有g(shù)roup表示“團(tuán)隊(duì)；小組”活動(dòng)；而選項(xiàng)individual“個(gè)人的，單獨(dú)的”與文章想表達(dá)的意思相反；其他兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)personnel“人員；職員”和corporation“公司”與題意無(wú)關(guān)。

第12題:名詞辨析題。根據(jù)Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers“交朋友對(duì)青少年來(lái)說(shuō)是極其重要的”，而這些害羞的學(xué)生當(dāng)然也需要交朋友，那他們害羞的特點(diǎn)也就決定了他們需要security“安全；保護(hù)”，而不是consent“贊同；同意”；insurance“保險(xiǎn)”或者admission“準(zhǔn)許；錄取”。

第13題:副詞辨析題。本題是選出一個(gè)合適的副詞修飾形容詞visible，而visible的被修飾成分是asupportiveadult，根據(jù)上下文，害羞的學(xué)生參加組織活動(dòng)當(dāng)然是需要asupportiveadult，但讓他們自己Makingfriends又是極其重要的，常識(shí)也告訴我們這個(gè)asupportiveadult最好是barelyvisible“僅僅，只是在后邊露露面”；rarely“很少地，罕見(jiàn)地”；particularly“獨(dú)特地；顯著地”；和definitely“肯定地；確定地”均不符合文章立意。

第14題:形容詞辨析題。根據(jù)后文表達(dá)的內(nèi)容作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該組織使參與者能夠盡可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地保持活躍，而且他們?cè)偃⒓觿e的活動(dòng)時(shí)不會(huì)感到愧疚的活動(dòng)，這表明此處的意思是說(shuō)青少年的注意集中的時(shí)間很短，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇形容詞short，long“長(zhǎng)的”明顯不正確；similar“相似的；類似的”和different“不同的”和句子想表達(dá)出的意義無(wú)關(guān)。

第15題:邏輯關(guān)系題。從本題短語(yǔ)所連接的前后兩個(gè)句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)看，組織這些活動(dòng)的目的就是為了參加者能盡可能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地保持活躍；sothat表示“目的是……，為的是”，是最佳的答案；其他的選項(xiàng)ifonly“但愿”，表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣；nowthat“既然”和evenif“即使”都不對(duì)。

第16題:固定搭配題。本題是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)法固定搭配，肯定語(yǔ)氣時(shí)表達(dá)“其他事情”是用somethingelse。

第17題:固定搭配題。根據(jù)withoutfeelingguilty“不感覺(jué)到愧疚”可知此處要表達(dá)的意思是不感到愧疚的原因，也就是不做對(duì)不起別人的事情；lettingtheotherparticipantsdown“讓別的參加者感失望”屬于會(huì)讓自己愧疚的事情，所以此處應(yīng)該選down；其他三項(xiàng)與let搭配的意思分別是：letoff“離開(kāi)”；letout“出局；淘汰”和letalone“獨(dú)自待著”，都與已知的短語(yǔ)withoutfeelingguilty沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系。

第18題:邏輯關(guān)系題。解出本題的關(guān)鍵是把握上下句的邏輯關(guān)系，上一句：這并不是說(shuō)成年人不必承擔(dān)責(zé)任；下一句：他們可以幫助學(xué)生培養(yǎng)責(zé)任心，上下兩句明顯是表示一種相反的關(guān)系，所以用Onthecontrary“相反地”連接最合適；其他選項(xiàng)Ontheaverage“平均來(lái)說(shuō)；一般地”；Onthewhole“總的來(lái)說(shuō)；大體上”和Ontheotherhand“另一方面”意義都不符合。

第19題:動(dòng)詞辨析題。makingfor“走向；傾向于；有助于”；這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)roles不構(gòu)成合適的動(dòng)賓搭配；takingfor“認(rèn)為；以為”也與roles不構(gòu)成合適的動(dòng)賓搭配；standingfor“代表”意義上可以構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配，但是從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)分析standingfor這個(gè)動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)they（指代adults成年人）做出的，但standingfor的賓語(yǔ)即這些成年人所代表的roles又是學(xué)生的roles，這個(gè)在邏輯上說(shuō)不通，故standing是不正確的；所以此處應(yīng)該使用planning，planningfor“安排任務(wù)，分配任務(wù)”，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)既符合動(dòng)賓搭配又最符合上下文的意義和邏輯。

第20題:名詞辨析題。此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)與attentionspans“注意力周期”同性質(zhì)的詞，在這里注意力周期是一種人的本能的能力，capabilities“能力”；responsibilities“責(zé)任”；proficiency“熟練程度”；efficiency“效率”，這四個(gè)詞中顯然只有capabilities與注意力周期一樣表示的是學(xué)生的一種本能，所以正確答案為capabilities。

9.單選題

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it（）intofragments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokethrough

【答案】C

【解析】短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：木頭腐爛成那樣了，我們拉它的時(shí)候，它就

片了。

brokeaway脫離，放棄，裂開(kāi)；brokeoff折斷，突然停止；brokeup分手，破碎；brokethrough突破。

后半句有一個(gè)“fragments（碎片）”,C項(xiàng)符合句意。雖然A項(xiàng)breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思，但后面一般不與“into（sth.）”連用。

10.單選題

Someoldpeopledon’tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan’t（

）somuchnoise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resist

B.tolerate

C.sustain

D.undergo

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一些老年人因不能忍受太多的噪音而不喜歡流行歌曲。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。resist抵抗，抵制;tolerate忍受，忍受（令人不愉快的事情或人）；sustain支撐，承受（負(fù)擔(dān)或指責(zé)）；undergo經(jīng)受，遭受?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)為noise(噪音)，因此B符合句意。

11.單選題

Strangelyenough,anoldman（）meandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather’s.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stoodupto

B.walkedupto

C.livedupto

D.addedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)standupto“經(jīng)得起，抵抗”，B項(xiàng)walkupto“走近，走向”，C項(xiàng)liveupto“不辜負(fù)，做到”，D項(xiàng)addupto“合計(jì)達(dá)，總共達(dá)”；根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞anoldman（老人）和introducehimself（介紹他自己）可推斷，空格部分表示“向我走進(jìn)”。句意：奇怪的是，一個(gè)老人走到我面前并做了自我介紹，原來(lái)是我父親的朋友。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttryto（1）thatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience（2）itcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnot（3）theminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublichasaratherambivalentattitude（4）science.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardof（5）thatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.Thisdistrustisevidentinthecartoon（6）ofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.Itisalsoanimportant（7）behindsupportfortheGreenparties.

Whatcanbedoneto（8）thisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoften（9）inadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon’tseeits（10）totheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareaconciseandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicsideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assess

B.discern

C.ensure

D.anticipate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.because

B.sothat

C.despitethat

D.though

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.clutch

B.leave

C.fabricate

D.nurture

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.with

C.upon

D.toward

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.living

B.life

C.survival

D.lives

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.literature

B.person

C.art

D.figure

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.role

B.concept

C.element

D.index

問(wèn)題8