考研考博-英語-廣東農(nóng)工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東農(nóng)工商職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular（

）for30millionparticipantsofallages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.fantasy

B.pastime

C.symposium

D.penalty

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。fantasy“幻想”；pastime“消遣，娛樂”；symposium“討論會；座談會”；penalty“懲罰，處罰”。句意：在過去的十五年來，跑步已經(jīng)成為了一種流行的消遣方式，不同年齡段共三千萬人的參與。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

2.單選題

Fuelscarcities（）automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prompted

B.encouraged

C.fomented

D.spotlighted

【答案】A

【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽車設(shè)計(jì)師開發(fā)供公眾使用的小排量汽車。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去式。prompt提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)；foment煽動(dòng)，挑起；；spotlight聚光照明，使公眾注意。因此A符合句意。

3.單選題

Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread（）lettersfromtheirfamilies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sentimental

B.affectionate

C.intimate

D.sensitive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sentimental“多愁善感的”；B選項(xiàng)affectionate“深情的，充滿愛的”；C選項(xiàng)intimate“親密的”；D選項(xiàng)sensitive“敏感的”。根據(jù)句意可知，來自親人的應(yīng)該是深情的，充滿愛的信件，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語境。

4.單選題

Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,causingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995,thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyear,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.

Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.

Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.

Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,leavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,aWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshipper.

Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjustmillion,lessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.

31.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailway,monopolyisunlikelybecause（）.

32.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?

33.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph3that（）.

34.Theword“arbiters”(Paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose（）.

35.Accordingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.costreductionisbasedoncompetition

B.servicescallforcross-tradecoordination

C.outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist

D.shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Indifferent

B.Supportive

C.Indignant

D.Apprehensive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad

B.therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide

C.overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief

D.agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.whoworkascoordinators

B.whofunctionasjudges

C.whosupervisetransactions

D.whodeterminetheprice

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thecontinuingacquisition

B.thegrowingtraffic

C.thecheeringWallStreet

D.theshrinkingmarket

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】31.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。定位在第二段Anythreatofmonopolytheyargue,isremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.（他們認(rèn)為，來自卡車的激烈競爭消除了任何壟斷的威脅）由此可以推論對于那些支持合并鐵路的人來說，做到壟斷運(yùn)輸是不可能的，因?yàn)檫€有卡車以及其他運(yùn)輸工具的威脅。因此C選項(xiàng)“外部競爭者將繼續(xù)存在”，正確，符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“成本的降低是基于競爭”與題意不符可排除，B選項(xiàng)“服務(wù)需要跨貿(mào)易協(xié)調(diào)”定位到第二段第一句Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.（新的超級系統(tǒng)的擁護(hù)者認(rèn)為，這些合并將大幅降低成本，更好地協(xié)調(diào)服務(wù)。）只是談及合并的好處，與題意不符，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“托運(yùn)人將扼住鐵路的咽喉”，根據(jù)原文truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（卡車運(yùn)輸成本太高，因此被鐵路公司扼住了咽喉）表述有誤，偷換主語，可排除。故選C。

32.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位在第二段Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain:truckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.（但是，許多托運(yùn)人抱怨說，對于長途運(yùn)輸?shù)拇笞谏唐罚缑禾?、化學(xué)品和糧食，卡車運(yùn)輸成本太高，因此鐵路就會扼住他們的咽喉。）第五段句首Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.（許多受控制的托運(yùn)人還擔(dān)心，他們很快將遭遇一輪大幅漲價(jià)。）以及Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,asNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.（許多托運(yùn)人擔(dān)心隨著諾?？四戏焦竞徒y(tǒng)一鐵路公司牢牢控制住市場，他們將可能成為買單人。）綜上可知，托運(yùn)人對鐵路行業(yè)的整合是有顧慮和擔(dān)憂的。A選項(xiàng)“漠不關(guān)心的”，B選項(xiàng)“支持的”，C選項(xiàng)“憤怒的”，D選項(xiàng)“憂慮的”。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。故選D。

33.推理判斷題。定位到第三段最后一句Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensivetimeconsuming,andwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.（覺得自己被多收費(fèi)的托運(yùn)人有權(quán)向聯(lián)邦政府的陸路運(yùn)輸委員會上訴，要求降低費(fèi)率，但這一過程既昂貴又耗時(shí)，而且只有在真正極端的情況下才會奏效。）由此可以推論出，托運(yùn)人覺得被多收費(fèi)時(shí)，是可以上訴的，但是很難奏效，除非遇到了非常極端的情況。因此C選項(xiàng)“被收費(fèi)過高的托運(yùn)人不太可能請求減免運(yùn)費(fèi)”符合題意，正確。A選項(xiàng)“如果沒有競爭對手的鐵路公司，托運(yùn)人的費(fèi)用將會降低”根據(jù)原文Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.（鐵路公司對這些托運(yùn)人收取的費(fèi)用，通常比有其他鐵路公司競爭業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)多20%到30%）可知沒有其他鐵路公司的競爭，對托運(yùn)人收取的費(fèi)用不降反增，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“很快全國就會只有一家鐵路公司了”說法過于絕對，范圍太廣，因此B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)政府委員會確保鐵路行業(yè)公平競爭”未提及，不符合題意，可排除。故選C。

34.詞義推測題。定位到關(guān)鍵詞Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?（我們真的想讓鐵路公司成為市場中誰贏誰輸?shù)摹瓎?？）A選項(xiàng)“協(xié)調(diào)者”，B選項(xiàng)“法官；裁判員”，C選項(xiàng)“交易監(jiān)督員”，D選項(xiàng)“定價(jià)人”。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞匯winorlose“輸或贏”，主要是依靠裁判員界定的。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。A，C，D均與題意不符。故選B。

35.客觀事實(shí)題。定位在文章的最后一段Therailroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes:stilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.（鐵路行業(yè)作為一個(gè)整體，盡管有著光明的命運(yùn)，但其收入仍不足以支付其必須投資的資本成本，以跟上其激增的交通。）和Yetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,withWallStreetcheeringthemon.（然而，在華爾街的鼓勵(lì)下，鐵路公司繼續(xù)借貸數(shù)十億美元來互相收購。）由此可知鐵路公司雖然前景很好，但還是在不夠充裕的時(shí)候，繼續(xù)借貸進(jìn)行對其他鐵路公司的收購。鐵路公司需要大量的資金用來收購，因此A選項(xiàng)“持續(xù)的收購”符合題意，正確。B選項(xiàng)“激增的交通”，C選項(xiàng)“華爾街的鼓勵(lì)”，有一些方面的因素，但都算不上主要原因，可排除。D選項(xiàng)“萎縮的市場”在文中并未涉及，干擾項(xiàng)，可排除。故選A。

5.單選題

There’salwaysintensemediacoverageofairplanecrashesandthatcanreallyplayintopeople’sfearsandskewtheirperceptionsofhowsafeitistofly.Theunderlinedpartmeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.misconceive

B.distort

C.change

D.preoccupy

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)misconceive“誤解，誤會”；B選項(xiàng)distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C選項(xiàng)change“改變”；D選項(xiàng)preoccupy“（使）全神貫注；提前占據(jù)”。句意：媒體總是對飛機(jī)失事進(jìn)行密集報(bào)道，這真的會加劇人們的恐懼，他們對飛行安全的認(rèn)知。根據(jù)句意和常識可以推斷，當(dāng)媒體大量報(bào)道某事時(shí)，往往會誤導(dǎo)、曲解人們對該事件的客觀認(rèn)識，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

The______cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的，不兼容的”，B項(xiàng)exceeding“非常的”，C項(xiàng)instantaneous“瞬間的”，D項(xiàng)eternal“永恒的”。根據(jù)句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)形容詞修飾關(guān)鍵詞cycleoflifeanddeath“生死循環(huán)”，把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入，只有D項(xiàng)符合語境。句意：生與死的永恒循環(huán)是科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的話題。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler（

）respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.recites

B.confirms

C.quotes

D.convinces

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。recite意為“背誦，朗誦，列舉”；confirm意為“確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)，證實(shí)”；quote意為“引述，引用”；convince意為“使相信，說服，使承認(rèn)”。

句意：為了加強(qiáng)他的論點(diǎn)，托夫勒引用了同意他觀點(diǎn)的受人尊敬的社會科學(xué)家的話。

8.單選題

In1987,H.I.V/AIDSjoinedalistofdiseasesthatcouldkeepapersonoutoftheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.PeoplewithH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,couldseekanexception,butthatmeantextrawork.

Lastyear,CongressandPresidentGeorgeW.Bushbegantheprocessofendingthetravelban.NowPresidentObamaisfinishingtheprocess.

BARACKOBAMA:“Wetalkaboutreducingthestigmaofthisdisease,yetwehavetreatedavisitorlivingwithitasathreat.WeleadtheworldwhenitcomestohelpingtheAIDSpandemic,yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”

AfinalrulepublishedMondaywillendthetravelbaneffectiveJanuaryfourth.H.I.V.willnolongerbeaconditionthatcanexcludepeople.AndH.I.V.testingwillnolongerforthosewhoneedamedicalexaminationforimmigrationpurposes.AIDShaskilledmorethantwenty-fivepeoplesincetheearly1980s.

InSeptember,therewasnewsthatavaccineshowedsomeabilitytopreventH.I.V.infectioninhumansforthefirsttime.ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.TheywerealsoreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly“modest”results.

TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.Thestudycombinedtwovaccines,usingversionsofH.I.V.commoninThailand.Neithervaccinealonehadshownsuccessinearlierstudies.

Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo,aninactivesubstance.AllweregivencondomsandcounselingonAIDSpreventionforthreeyears.Thestudyfound31percentfewercasesofinfectioninthevaccinegroupthanintheplacebogroup.

Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.TheannouncementinSeptemberwasbasedonall16,000volunteers.Almostone-thirdofthem,howeverdidn’tfollowalltherequiredstepsinthestudy.Resultsjustfromthosewhodidweresimilartothelargergroup,buttheinfluenceofchanceiswaymoreofapossibility.

Still,theresearcherssaidthestudyproducedenoughvaluableinformationtooffernewhopesforAIDSresearch.

1.Accordingtothearticle,（）didnotwantpeoplewithH.I.V.virustoseekentrytoAmericatwentyyearsago.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,itwas（）whosponsoredthatmedicalexperimenttofindvaccineforH.I.V.carriers.

3.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat8,000volunteersin（）weregiventhevaccine.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Accordingtothecritics,thefindingsofthetest（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.GeorgeBush

B.Obama

C.theCongress

D.theSenate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theThaiGovernment

B.theFrenchGovernment

C.thescientistfromNewEngland

D.theUnitedStatesArmy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thailand

B.theUnitedStatesofAmerica

C.France

D.Canada

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.AmericawastheonlycountrythatpreventedpeoplewithH.I.V.fromenteringthecountry.

B.OnlyafewcountriesrefusedtoissueentryvisatopeoplewithH.I.V.

C.TheconferenceheldinPariswasonAIDSprevention.

D.ThevaccinetestconductedinThailandproducedimportantresults.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hasproducedenoughvaluableinformation

B.shouldnotbetakenseriously

C.hasproducedreliablestatistics

D.haspavedasolidfoundationforfurtherresearch

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.”政府后來試圖取消這一規(guī)定，但國會將旅行禁令作為移民法的一部分。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.”美國軍方贊助了疫苗試驗(yàn)。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第七段的一二句“Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo...”泰國研究人員對1.6萬多名志愿者進(jìn)行了測試。一半的志愿者接種了疫苗。另一半則使用安慰劑。由此可知選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.是非判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”我國（美國）也是僅有的十幾個(gè)禁止艾滋病人入境的國家之一。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤，選項(xiàng)B正確；根據(jù)第五段第二句“ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.”可知，在巴黎舉行的會議是公布研究結(jié)果而不是預(yù)防艾滋，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第五段最后一句“TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly'modest'results.”研究人員證實(shí)，在泰國進(jìn)行的這項(xiàng)研究只產(chǎn)生了“溫和”的結(jié)果，所以選項(xiàng)D也錯(cuò)誤。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.”批評人士表示，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能是偶然的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

9.單選題

From1947to1950abstractexpressionscametofullmaturity,and（

）the1950sthisstyledominatedtheNewYorkCityartscene.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereby

B.when

C.during

D.whereas

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析。thereby“從而，因此”；when“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”；during“在期間”；whereas“然而，鑒于”。句意：從1947年到1950年抽象表達(dá)完全成熟，在20世紀(jì)50年代期間，這種風(fēng)格在紐約市的藝術(shù)舞臺中占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Asweareonthepointof（）someimportantbusinesswiththem,weshouldliketoknowexactlyabouttheircreditstanding.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于我們正準(zhǔn)備和他們進(jìn)行一些交易，所以我們想確切地了解他們的信用狀況。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。transmit傳播；傳送：transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移;調(diào)任;transact辦理;執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行（貿(mào)易、談判等）;transport運(yùn)輸?？崭裉幍馁e語是business(商業(yè)，交易)，因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

11.單選題

Therewere150_____attheinternationalconferencethissummer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spectators

B.viewers

C.participants

D.onlookers

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。spectator觀眾，旁觀者；viewer觀察者，觀看者；participant參與者；onlooker旁觀者，觀眾。句意：今年夏季的國際會議有150名與會者。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

12.翻譯題

美國財(cái)政部長亨利?保爾森昨天以上海為終點(diǎn)結(jié)束了他對亞洲三國的訪問。作為美國總統(tǒng)的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)政策顧問和最主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)發(fā)言人，保爾森昨天上午在上海期貨交易所所發(fā)表的主題講演被認(rèn)為是布什政府對華經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的最新闡述。在昨天的講演中，保爾森多次強(qiáng)調(diào)中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不僅不具有威脅性，而且對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長有好處。他表示，美國歡迎中國發(fā)展并成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的一員。

【答案】HenryPaulson,TreasurySecretary,leftShanghaiyesterday,wherehemadeanendofthevisittothethreecountriesinAsia.AsthechiefeconomicpolicyconsultantandeconomicaffairsspokesmanoftheAmericapresident,PaulsondeliveredakeynoteaddressinShanghaiFuturesExchange.AndtheaddresswasviewedasthelatestexpositionoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheBush-administrationtowardsChina.Duringthespeech,PaulsonrepeatedlyemphasizedthatChina’seconomicgrowthhasbenefitbutnothreattotheglobaleconomicgrowth.HedeclaredthatAmericawelcomesthedevelopmentofChinatobecomeamemberoftheglobaleconomy.

【解析】

13.單選題

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣聞軼事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狹窄的）spacethatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個(gè)低職位員工違抗高級別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)有責(zé)任心的員工”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個(gè)被隔離且沉悶的動(dòng)物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項(xiàng)“隔離的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力，都得花時(shí)間，且需要勇氣離開舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項(xiàng)“面對與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時(shí)間且需要勇氣的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項(xiàng)“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會充分利用各類奇聞軼事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事，因?yàn)樗鼈儠屄牨姼械椒ξ?推斷B“收集被廣泛運(yùn)用的軼事是一個(gè)很不錯(cuò)的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項(xiàng)技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的，因?yàn)樗軒椭蛟靷€(gè)人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項(xiàng)“通過閱讀書籍、雜志和時(shí)事新聞，可以打造個(gè)人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒有說要想成為一個(gè)高效的講故事者，只需制作一個(gè)有用的奇聞軼事記錄冊。故D項(xiàng)沒有根據(jù)。因此選A。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會時(shí)很多人可能都了解了接下來的改變對員工來說意味著多大的困難),因此C項(xiàng)“能夠幫助與會人員更好理解即將到來的變化”正確。而A項(xiàng)“是個(gè)高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項(xiàng)“是個(gè)經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。

14.單選題

Whilethecompanyportrayeditsactionsinthedevastatedcityaspurely______itcouldnotshakeaccusationsofselfishnessandopportunism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.acquisitive

B.penurious

C.apropos

D.altruistic

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.acquisitive渴求獲取財(cái)物的，貪婪的B.penurious貧窮的，窮困的

C.apropos恰好的，恰當(dāng)?shù)腄.altruistic利他的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)空格后的句意“不能擺脫自私和機(jī)會主義的指責(zé)”可知，該公司的行為并不是像其宣稱的“純粹的利他主義”。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合句子意思。

【句意】雖然該公司將其在這座被摧毀的城市的行為描述為純粹的利他主義，但它無法擺脫自私和機(jī)會主義的指責(zé)。

15.單選題

Ifyouwanttokeepyourjobhere,youwillhavetobe（）oflongworkinghoursandlowsalary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tolerant

B.tolerable

C.bearable

D.tolerate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)tolerant“忍受的，有忍耐力的”；B選項(xiàng)tolerable“可容忍的，容許的”；C選項(xiàng)bearable“承受得住的”；D選項(xiàng)tolerate是動(dòng)詞“忍受”。句意：如果你想保住你在這里的工作，你就得忍受長時(shí)間工作，拿低工資。根據(jù)空格有一個(gè)be動(dòng)詞，可知空格處應(yīng)填形容詞，排除D，根據(jù)句意理解，本句表達(dá)的是忍受，而不是可容性或承受力，所以A選項(xiàng)符合句意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

EversincetheIndustrialRevolutionbroughtworkersfromsmallshopsintofactories,supervisionhasbeenrequired.Onlyduringthelasthundredyears,however,hasindustrialmanagementgrownintoahighlyorganizedsetofmodernmethodsforachievingefficiency.Thus,managementisanewhumanhistory,andithasalreadybecomevitallyimportantforthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies.

Efficiencymeansgettingresultswiththeleastpossiblewasteoftime,effort,andmoney.Therefore,efficiencyistheaimofallmanagement,bothpublicandprivate.Inprivatebusiness,efficiencycanbemeasuredbyprofit,thesurplusofincomeoverexpenditures.

Themanager’sajob,then,istogetpeopletodothingsefficiently.Thetopmanagermanagesothermanagers,choosesandtrainsthem,planstheiroperations,andcheckstheresults.Allmanagershavepracticalcomplexproblems,buttheyutilizemethodsbasedonagrowingbodyofknowledge.Shopmanagerscarryouttimeandmotionstudiestoimproveworkers’efficiency,andforemengiveon-the-jobtrainingtoworkers.Industrialmangersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperlyandtoensurethesupplyofspareparts.Theflowofworkissupervisedtoavoidanyunplannedidlenessofworkersofequipment.Eachstepinmanufacturingisplannedindetail,andthecostofeachstepiscarefullycalculated.Supervisorsconsultexpertsregularlyinordertomasternewtechniques.Personnelmanagershavelearnedtoobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkersbyprovidingrestperiodsandbyimprovingmoralethroughbetterheating,lighting,safetydevices,cafeterias,andrecreationfacilities—evenwhenthesehavenotbeendemandedbylaborunions.Theuseofmodernelectronicdeviceshadledtoincreasingautomation,inwhichmanyautomaticmachinesfunctionwithoutanyneedforhumanlabor.

Scientificmanagementmethodshavespreadtoallbranchesofindustry—notonlymanufacturing,butalsoaccounting,finance,marketing,andotherofficework.Thereareplanningsystems,organizationsystemsandcontrolsystems.Withinthesethereareothersystemsfordelegationofauthority,budgeting,informationfeedbackforcontrol,andsoon.Theessenceofallthefunctionsofmanagementiscoordination,theharmoniouscombinationofallindividualeffortsfortheachievementoftheobjectivesoftheenterprise.

26.Fromthefirstparagraph,weknowthat________.

27.Thetopmanager________.

28.Allmanagersemploy________.

29.Personnelmanagersproviderestperiods,safetydevices,recreationfacilities,etc.________.

30.Theessenceofallmanagementfunctionsis________.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.industrialmanagementdependsonthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies

B.industrialmanagementisindispensabletothesuccessesofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies

C.thesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomieshasnothingtodowithindustrialmanagement

D.industrialmanagementdidnotdevelopuntilthelastfiftyyears

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isresponsibleforselectingothermanagersandhelpthemdothingsefficiently

B.getsothermanagerstochooseandtrainthemselves

C.managesothermanagers’operations

D.learnsnewtechniquesfromothermanagers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.variousmethodstosolvetheirpracticalandcomplexproblems

B.specialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperly

C.workerswhogiveon-the-jobtraining

D.adviserstohandlepracticalandcomplexproblems

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.becausethelaborunionsdemandthem

B.justtoimprovetheworkers’morale

C.toobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkers

D.toensurethegoodworkingconditions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tocombineindividualeffortstoachievetheobjectivesoftheenterprise

B.thecoordinationofthefunctionsofmanagement

C.theharmoniouscoordinationoforganizationeffortsfortheachievementofindividualobjectives

D.tocoordinatethesystemsforplanning,organizationandcontrol

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句managementisanewhumanhistory,andithasalreadybecomevitallyimportantforthesuccessofallkindsofbusinessesandofnationaleconomies.（管理是新的人類歷史，已經(jīng)對各類企業(yè)的成功和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展來說至關(guān)重要。），可知B選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)管理對于各類企業(yè)和國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功必不可少”正確，A選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)管理依賴于各種企業(yè)和國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功”和C選項(xiàng)“各類企業(yè)和國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的成功與工業(yè)管理無關(guān)”錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“工業(yè)管理直到最近五十年才發(fā)展起來”：根據(jù)第一段第二句Onlyduringthelasthundredyears,however,hasindustrialmanagementgrownintoahighlyorganizedsetofmodernmethodsforachievingefficiency.（然而，只是在最近的一百年里，工業(yè)管理才發(fā)展成為一套極有組織的現(xiàn)代提高效率的方法。），可知工業(yè)管理在最近百年內(nèi)而非五十年內(nèi)發(fā)展起來，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

27.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二句Thetopmanagermanagesothermanagers,choosesandtrainsthem,planstheiroperations,andcheckstheresults.（總經(jīng)理管理其他經(jīng)理，選拔和培訓(xùn)，制作工作計(jì)劃，并檢查結(jié)果。），可知總經(jīng)理主要做選人用人的工作，A選項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)挑選其他經(jīng)理，并幫助他們有效率地做事”正確，B選項(xiàng)“讓其他經(jīng)理選擇和培訓(xùn)他們自己”，C選項(xiàng)“管理其他經(jīng)理的業(yè)務(wù)”和D選項(xiàng)“從其他經(jīng)理那里學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

28.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第三句Allmanagershavepracticalcomplexproblems（所有的管理者都有實(shí)際的復(fù)雜問題），所以A選項(xiàng)“解決實(shí)際和復(fù)雜的問題的各種方法”正確。B選項(xiàng)“保證機(jī)器正常工作的專家”：根據(jù)第三段第五句Industrialmangersemployspecialiststokeepmachinesworkingproperly（工業(yè)管理人員雇用專家來確保機(jī)器正常工作），可知這是工業(yè)管理人員的職責(zé)，故錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“提供在職培訓(xùn)的工作人員”：根據(jù)第三段第四句foremengiveon-the-jobtrainingtoworkers.（領(lǐng)班給工人進(jìn)行在職培訓(xùn)），可知這是領(lǐng)班的職責(zé)，故錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“處理實(shí)際和復(fù)雜問題的顧問”：文章沒有提到顧問，故錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

29.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Personnelmanagershavelearnedtoobtaingreaterefficiencyfromworkersbyprovidingrestperiodsandbyimprovingmoralethroughbetterheating,lighting,safetyd