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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東建筑大學考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whenthefarmersvisitedthecitythefirsttime,theywere___byitscomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.precluded

B.bewildered

C.diverted

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項precluded“排除;妨礙;阻止”;B選項bewildered“使迷惑,使不知所措”;C選項diverted“呼叫轉(zhuǎn)移,釋放”;D選項expired“期滿;失效;(人)死亡;呼(氣)”。句意:當農(nóng)民們第一次進城時,他們被城里復雜的交通系統(tǒng)___。本句表達“農(nóng)民們被復雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得不知所措”,因此B選項正確。

2.單選題

Thenotesaboveweresetdownforalecturein1967,andIfindmyselfnowmakingafewchangestobringthemuptodate,noneofmuchconsequence.(1)Iseethecasenow,thereisonepointtheseoldnotesseemtobedriving(2)whichneverquitegetsarticulatedbutwhich(3)alotformethesedays.Itseems(4),infact;andespeciallysoperhapsinviewofthepresentconditionofAmericanpoetry.Farmorethantherealityofthescene,whichInonethelesshighlyprize,Iwouldcall(5)nowtotheabsolutepurityofstyleachievedinthislittlemasterpiece,andeffortlesslyachieved,

(6)tobeequaledevenbyWilliams.OtherpoemsbyWilliams-certainlypoemsbyotherpoets—aremuchricher(7)whattheyencompass;(8)visionisdeeperandthecharacterofthepoetstandsasamoreaffectinghumanpresence.Oftenenoughthelanguageismore(9).Butthispoemisperfectlysaid.Lean,streamlined;andthereis(10)extra,noexcrescence,noexcess,noshowingoff;norindeedanyshortcomingwhatever.Wehave(11)wesee;wehaveitexactlyArtcanaspirehigherandnodoubt,attimes,should.

(12)notalways.IthinkofWangWei:theChineseeffectingeneral,here(13).IbegintounderstandhowacriticlikeWinterscanarguethatthebrieflyricmaybegreaterthanacompletetragedy,lyriccanhopeforperfection,a(n)

(15)wholenessandunity.OneofWilliams’manyadmirershaswritten(16)“BetweenWalls”thatsince“thereisnolivingthinginthepoem-justamockeryofthecolorofgrowingplants-thefeelingofthepoemis...sterileandairless.”Butthisopinioncanonlybetheresultofanabsurdprejudice,probablygotupoutofsomeall(17)simpleunderstandingoftheorganicandthenatural.Thereisnomockeryinthisgreen:imitation,yes,and,onemight(18)suggest,acertainpathosandbraveryintheimitation.Thereismoreto(19)thanthat,butthereis,justglintingly,that.Meanwhilewedohavealso,thankingthemuseofreality,piecesofabrokenbottle,therealthing,asgoodas(20)greenleafhere.

問題1選項

A.As

B.Though

C.And

D.Because

問題2選項

A.to

B.through

C.in

D.at

問題3選項

A.acknowledges

B.calculates

C.makes

D.counts

問題4選項

A.crucial

B.impossible

C.mediocre

D.unnecessary

問題5選項

A.forth

B.mind

C.attention

D.back

問題6選項

A.already

B.rarely

C.surely

D.actually

問題7選項

A.on

B.to

C.in

D.from

問題8選項

A.their

B.its

C.whose

D.it’s

問題9選項

A.vulgar

B.virtuous

C.brilliant

D.favorable

問題10選項

A.something

B.anything

C.nothing

D.everything

問題11選項

A.that

B.what

C.which

D.and

問題12選項

A.So

B.But

C.Thus

D.For

問題13選項

A.naturalized

B.socialized

C.sympathized

D.philosophized

問題14選項

A.aslongas

B.lest

C.since

D.while

問題15選項

A.unflawed

B.mistaken

C.fragmented

D.far-fetched

問題16選項

A.off

B.for

C.in

D.of

問題17選項

A.little

B.much

C.very

D.too

問題18選項

A.even

B.yet

C.however

D.nevertheless

問題19選項

A.it

B.them

C.those

D.these

問題20選項

A.many

B.much

C.some

D.any

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:C

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:C

第11題:B

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:C

第15題:A

第16題:B

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:D

【解析】(1)連詞辨析題。根據(jù)句意:正如我現(xiàn)在看到的情況選項A符合句意。

(2)固定搭配。driveat用意所在。句意:這些舊筆記的用意似乎沒有很清晰地被表達出來。

(3)詞意辨析題。acknowledge承認、答謝;calculate計算、推測;make使得…;count有價值、計算。這里指它們對我很有價值。選項D符合句意。

(4)詞意辨析題。crucial關(guān)鍵的;impossible不可能的;mediocre普通的;unnecessary不必要的。原文指這些筆記看起來很普通。

(5)固定搭配。callattentionto喚起注意。本文指呼吁大家關(guān)注這篇杰作淳樸的風格。

(6)詞意辨析題。rarely很少地、難得。本文指很少有人能夠?qū)懗鋈绱私^對風格淳樸的詩歌。

(7)介詞搭配。richin在...方面很豐富。本文指他們詩歌所包含的內(nèi)容要豐富得多。

(8)代詞辨析題。their指前面提到的Williams和其他詩人。

(9)詞意辨析題。vulgar通俗的;virtuous善良的;brilliant杰出的;favorable喜愛的。這里指語言通俗易懂。選項A符合原文。

(10)代詞辨析題。根據(jù)下文“noexcrescence,noexcess,noshowingoff...”可知填空處應填入表否定的代詞,只有選項C符合句意。

(11)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,缺少see的賓語。選項what符合句意。

(12)連詞辨析題。根據(jù)上下文:毫無疑問,有時也應該如此,,并不總是如此。由此可知,這里應填入but表轉(zhuǎn)折。

(13)動詞辨析題。naturalized移植、歸化;socialized社會化;sympathized同情、支持;philosophized使哲學化、理性地思考。根據(jù)下文的“tragedy”可知選項C符合原文。

(14)考查邏輯連接詞。根據(jù)原文:一首簡潔的抒情詩的內(nèi)涵會大于一首完整的悲情詩的內(nèi)涵,因為抒情詩有更完美的期待。上下文存在因果關(guān)系,since表原因。

(15)詞意辨析題。unflawed完美無缺的;mistaken被誤解的;fragmented支離破碎的;far-fetched牽強附會的。填空處的詞用來修飾wholenessandunity(整體和統(tǒng)一體),選項A符原文。

(16)根據(jù)原文:威廉姆斯的眾多崇拜者之一曾為《墻與墻之間》寫過這樣一段話。為了...用for。

(17)根據(jù)原文:但這種觀點只能是一種荒謬偏見的結(jié)果,大概是出于對一些過于簡單的有機和自然的認識。選項D符合原文。

(18)根據(jù)原文:模仿,是的,甚至有人會說,模仿中有某種悲愴和勇敢。選項A符合原文。

(19)根據(jù)原文:這首詩的意境不僅僅局限于那些。It特指這首詩。

(20)根據(jù)原文,leaf為單數(shù),所以只能選D。

3.單選題

IfthereisonethinginterpretersworkingfortheEuropeanUniondread,itisattemptsathumour.Itisnotjustthatjokesarehardtotranslate;becauseofthetimeneededforinterpretation,theycanpromptlaughteratthewrongmoment.Aspeakeroncebeganwithananecdote,andthenmournedadeadcolleague—tobemetbyagaleofgiggles,aslistenersgothisjoke.

Thetime-lagshavegrownworsewiththeexpansionoftheEU,tomakeatotalof25countries.FindinginterpreterswhocantranslatedirectlyfromEstoniantoPortugueseiswell-nighimpossible.Sonowspeechesaretranslatedinrelays,firstintoEnglishandthenintoathirdlanguage.Ifonlyeverybodywouldagreetospeakoneortwoofficialtongues,itwouldbeeasier.Orwouldit?Infact,misunderstandingscanaboundevenwhenallpartiesspeakfluentEnglishorFrench.Culturaldifferencesmeanthataliteralunderstandingofwhatsomeonesaysisoftenaworldawayfromrealunderstanding.Forexample,howmanynon-Britscoulddecodetheirony(andliteraryallusion)whichliesbehindtheexpression“uptoapoint”,whichisusedtomean“no,notintheslightest”?

TheproblemisnowsowidelyrecognizedthatinformalguidestowhattheFrenchortheEnglishreallymean,whentheyarespeakingtheirmothertongues,havebeendrawnupbyothernationalities.

OnehaswrittenfortheDutch,tryingtodobusinesswithBritish.AnotherwaswrittenbyBritishdiplomats,asaguidetothelanguageusedbytheirFrenchcounterparts.ThefactthattheDutch—soeerilyfluentinEnglish—shouldneedaguidetoBrit-speakisparticularlystriking.Buttheproblem—tojudgebytheguide,whichwasspottedonanofficewallintheEuropeanCourtofJustice—isthatBritsmaketheirpointsinanindirectmannerthattheplain-speakingNederlandersfindbaffling.

Hencetheguide’swarningthatwhenaBritonsays“Ihearwhatyousay”,theforeignlistenermayunderstand:“Heacceptsmypointofview.”Infact,theBritishspeakermeans:“IdisagreeandIdonotwanttodiscussitanyfurther.”Similarlythephrase“withthegreatestrespect”whenusedbyanEnglishmanisrecognizabletoacompatriotasanicyput-down,correctlytranslatedbytheguideasmeaning“Ithinkyouarewrong,orafool.”

TheBritish,theFrenchandtheDutchareoldsparringpartnerswhoknoweachother’slittleways.Sothecapacityformisunderstandingisamplifiedwhennationalitiesthatarelessfamiliarwitheachothercomeintocontact.Oftentheproblemsarelesstodowiththemeaningofwordsthantheirunexpectedimpactonanaudience.TaketheEuropeansummitlastDecember,whenitfelltoSilvioBerlusconi,theItalianprimeminister,totrytowrapupsensitivenegotiationsoveraproposedconstitutionfortheEuropeanUnion.

WhenEUleadersfiledintolunch,theywerebracedfortoughnegotiation;sotheywerestartledwhenMr.Berlusconisuggestedthattheydiscuss“footballandwomen”—andthatGerhardSchroder,theGermanchancellor,shouldleadthediscuss,ashehasbeenmarriedfourtimes.SomeEuropeandiplomatsconcludethatMr.BerlusconimusthavebeendeliberatelybatingMr.Schroder.ButwhentheItalianleaderwasquestionedabouthischairmanshipatapressconference,hegrewhotunderthecollar,pointingoutthathewouldhardlyhavebecomeabillionaireunlesshewerefullycapableofchairingameeting.AndindeedhisdefenderssaythatinItalianbusinesscirclesitcanbeperfectlynormaltosetajocularandrelaxedtonebeforeadifficultmeeting,bydiscussinglastnight’sfootball,oreventeasingyourcolleaguesabouttheirlovelives.

ThesesortsofmisunderstandingsareunlikelytobeerasedevenifallEurope’spoliticalleadersandbureaucratswerebothwillingandabletospeakEnglish.Butever-inventiveBrusselsiscomingupwithasolutionofsortsthroughtheemergenceof“Euro-speak”—aformofdead,bureaucraticEnglish.

1.AccordingtoParagraphs1and2,whichstatementisTRUE?

2.WhydotheDutchneedaguidetoBrit-speak?

3.Whatdoes“theywerebracedfortoughnegotiation”probablymeaninParagraph7?

4.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph8?

5.Selectatitleforthisarticle:().

問題1選項

A.Interpretersdreadjokesbecausetheytakemoretimetotranslate.

B.Despitealittledifficulty,translatorsbetweenanytwolanguagesspokenintheEUcountriescanstillbefound.

C.TheproblemsbetweenEUcountriescanbesolvediftheycandecideononeortwoofficiallanguages.

D.Thestatement“Iunderstand,uptoapoint”means“Idon’tunderstandatall”.

問題2選項

A.TheDutchdon’tspeakEnglishverywell.

B.ApreciseunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguageisrequiredinacourtoflaw.

C.LiteralunderstandingofBrit-speakcanoftenbemisleading.

D.ComparedwithDutchBrit-speakismorecomplicatedintermsofsentencestructure.

問題3選項

A.Theyweresurroundedbypeoplewhowantedtonegotiatewiththem.

B.Theywereexhaustedbecauseofthetoughnegotiation.

C.Theyweregladtohaveabreakfromthetoughnegotiation.

D.Theywerereadytohavemoretoughnegotiation.

問題4選項

A.SilvioBerlusconididn’tlikeGerhardSchroderbecausehedidn’ttakemarriageseriously.

B.SilvioBerlusconiwasincompetentaschairmanofameeting.

C.SilvioBerlusconifeltexcitedwhenquestionedabouthischairmanship*

D.SilvioBerlusconihadbeenabusinessman.

問題5選項

A.IUnderstand,UptoaPoint

B.IHearWhatYouSay

C.TheProblemofTranslation

D.Euro-speak

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第二段最后一句theexpression“uptoapoint”,whichisusedtomean“no,notintheslightest”提到uptoapoint的意思其實就是“no,notintheslightest”,所以選項D符合題意。

第2題:文章第四段最后一句話“isthatBritsmaketheirpointsinanindirectmannerthattheplain-speakingNederlandersfindbaffling.”提到由于文化背景的不同,英國人喜歡用一種委婉的方式來表達自己的觀點,這樣導致其他國家的人會產(chǎn)生誤解,所以選項C符合題意。

第3題:根據(jù)文章上下文可知,參加歐洲峰會的各個國家的領(lǐng)導人已經(jīng)做好了迎接艱難協(xié)商的準備,所以選項D符合題意。

第4題:文章倒數(shù)第二段講述了意大利領(lǐng)導人Mr.Berlusconi想通過談論“足球與女人”來緩和氣氛,然而卻沒有顧及到結(jié)過四次婚的德國總理而使得場面尷尬,他的辯護者稱意大利商人愛開玩笑非常正常andindeedhisdefenderssaythatinItalianbusinesscirclesitcanbeperfectlynormaltosetajocular,再根據(jù)hegrewhotunderthecollar,pointingoutthathewouldhardlyhavebecomeabillionaireunlesshewerefullycapableofchairingameeting”可以推斷Mr.Berlusconi以前是位商人。選項D符合題意。

第5題:文章主要討論的是歐盟各個國家由于文化的不同而容易誤解,選項A符合題意:看起來理解了,其實完全理解反了。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

確定目的后,原告必須考慮在什么法院起訴最能實現(xiàn)其目的。他必須在聯(lián)邦法院起訴?在州法院?或兩者可選其一?若在州法院,在哪一州?若在聯(lián)邦法院,該在全國86個轄區(qū)中的哪個區(qū)?在此存在許多考量,有些過于技術(shù)的我們便不在本文中論及。然而,并非所有案件的原告都會面臨選擇難題。如上所述,有些案件只能在聯(lián)邦法院提起,且事實上只能在一所特定的聯(lián)邦法院.。

【答案】Aftermakinghisdecision,theplaintiffmustconsiderhowtoselectadequatecourttosue,e.g.thefederalcourt,stateoneorthosearethetwoalternatives.Ifgoingtothestatecourt,heneedthinkaboutchoosingwhich;orthefederalcourt,hehastochooseadistrictfromnational’s86jurisdictions.Becausetherearemanyfactorstobeestimated,itisnotconvenientforustodiscusssomeknowhowsherein.Butnotallplaintiffsshouldbefacedwiththedilemma.Asstated,atypeofcasemaybeheardonlyinthefederalcourt,andinfactonlyinaspecialone.

5.單選題

Theserviceoperates15librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix()librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

問題1選項

A.mobile

B.drifting

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項mobile“可移動的,易變的”;B選項drifting“漂流的;飄動的”,一般是指由風或者水飄動著;C選項shifting“不斷移動的,不斷變化的”,也可以變換形態(tài);D選項rotating“旋轉(zhuǎn)的”。句意:這項服務管理全國15所圖書館,其中6所……圖書館專為農(nóng)村地區(qū)服務。這里的形容詞修飾的是后面的libraries圖書館。移動圖書館有專業(yè)術(shù)語為mobilelibrary,因此A選項符合題意。

6.單選題

Lifeisoften()toadream.

問題1選項

A.liked

B.resembled

C.comparing

D.likened

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項like“喜歡;想;愿意”;B選項resemble“類似,像”;C選項compare“比較,對比”;D選項liken“比擬;把…比作”。句意:人生常被喻為一場夢。此題選D,belikento表示“好比”。

7.單選題

TheUnitedStatesisconfrontedbymanyeconomicproblems—forexample,inflation,unemployment,pollution,poverty,decliningproductivity,andrapidlyincreasingenergycost.Inrecentyears,Americanshavebecomeincreasinglyawareofthefundamentaleconomicproblemfacinghumanity;scarceresourceswithwhichtomeettheneedsofevergrowingnumbersofpeople.Forallpracticalpurposes,humanwantsmayberegardedaslimitless.Scarcityhasalwaysbeenofmajorconcerntoeconomists.

Agivenquantityofresourcesusedtomeetoneneedcannotsimultaneouslybeusedtomeetanother.Achoicemustbemade:Whichneedwillprevail?Whatwillbeproduced?Fillingoneurgentneedoftenmeanssacrificingtheopportunitytosatisfyanother.Hence,theveryimportanteconomicconceptofopportunitycostarises.Everytimeoneisforcedbyscarcitytomakeachoice,oneisincurring(承受)opportunitycosts.Thesecostsaremeasuredintermsofforgone(放棄的)alternatives.

Howarethese,difficultchoicesofprioritiesandforgoneopportunitiesarrivedatinasociety?Theanswertothisquestionisthesubjectmatterofmicroeconomic,orthestudyofresourceallocationamongindividualsectorsadgroupswithintheeconomicsystem.Microeconomics,analysisdealswiththeprinciplesandguidelinesthathelpdeterminewhatandhowmuchisproduced,themethodofproductionused,andthedivisionoftheresultingoutput(asincome)amongthemembersofthesociety.Thecombinedeffectofalltheseindividualdecisionsprovidestheanswertothemacroeconomicquestionsofwhetherthereisfullemployment,whetherpricesingeneralarerising,andwhethertheeconomyasawholeisgrowing.

Itisimportanttounderstandfromtheverystorythateconomicsisregardinggovernmenteconomicpolicymaking,policymakers(usuallyelectedofficials)causethegovernmenttointervene(ornottointervene)intheeconomyaccordingtocertainpolitical,social,oreconomicgoalswithwhicheconomistsmayormaynotagree.Theeconomist’srolethenistopointoutthefulleconomiceffectsofsuchactionssothatpolicydecisionscanbemademoreintelligently.

1.Thefundamentalproblemofeconomicsis,inshort,().

2.Opportunitycost().

3.Evengovernmentpolicymeasureshave“opportunitycosts”whichmeans().

4.Thecausesofgeneralunemploymentandinflationaretopicsstudiedin().

5.Economicanalysisofapolicyproposalusuallydoesnotallow().

問題1選項

A.toomanypoorpeople

B.findingjobsforall

C.thescarcityofresourcesrelativetowants

D.constantlyrisingprices

問題2選項

A.ismeasuredbyhowmuchofonecommodityyouhavetoforgoinordertogetsomestatedamountofanothercommodity

B.measureshowmanydifferentopportunitiesyouhavetospendyourmoney

C.measuresopportunitiesintermsoftheirrelativeprices

D.isalwaysthesameasmoneycost

問題3選項

A.highertaxeswillbenecessary

B.movingtowardonepolicygoalmayrequiremovingawayfromanotherpolicygoal

C.governmentactionisusuallyinefficient

D.governmentactionprovidesnewopportunities

問題4選項

A.resourceallocation

B.macroeconomics

C.opportunitycast

D.productionpossibilities

問題5選項

A.estimationofthecostsoftheproposal

B.determinationofwhetheraparticularpolicymeasurewillcontributetoitsstatedgoal

C.considerationofthesideeffectsofthepolicy

D.a“scientific"choicebetweenalternativegoal

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由第一段“Inrecentyears,Americanshavebecomeincreasinglyawareofthefundamentaleconomicproblemfacinghumanity;scarceresourceswithwhichtomeettheneedsofevergrowingnumbersofpeople.近年來,美國人越來越意識到人類面臨的根本經(jīng)濟問題——用來滿足日益增長的人口所需求的資源很稀缺??芍?jīng)濟的根本問題是資源稀缺。故C項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段“Hence,theveryimportanteconomicconceptofopportunitycostarises.Everytimeoneisforcedbyscarcitytomakeachoice,oneisincurringopportunitycosts.Thesecostsaremeasuredintermsofforgonealternatives.因此,機會成本這一非常重要的經(jīng)濟學概念應運而生。每一次,當一個人因為稀缺而被迫做出選擇時,他就會付出機會成本。這些成本是用放棄的替代品來衡量的?!笨芍獧C會成本是指放棄一些替代品來衡量的。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。題干意為“甚至政府的政策措施也存在機會成本”意味著什么?這道題主要考查對機會成本的理解,上一題已經(jīng)得知機會成本表示放棄一些替代品??v觀四個選項,只有B項“朝著一個政策目標前進可能需要遠離另一個政策目標”符合機會成本的含義。故B項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。由題干定位到第三段Thecombinedeffectofalltheseindividualdecisionsprovidestheanswertothemacroeconomicquestionsofwhetherthereisfullemployment,whetherpricesingeneralarerising,andwhethertheeconomyasawholeisgrowing.所有這些個人決策的綜合效應為宏觀經(jīng)濟問題提供了答案,這些問題包括:是否存在充分就業(yè),總體物價是否在上漲,以及整體經(jīng)濟是否在增長??芍I(yè),通貨膨脹是宏觀經(jīng)濟的研究范疇。故B項正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段Theeconomist’srolethenistopointoutthefulleconomiceffectsofsuchactionssothatpolicydecisionscanbemademoreintelligently.因此,經(jīng)濟學家的作用是指出這些行動的全部經(jīng)濟影響,以便更明智地作出決策??芍?jīng)濟學家只是指出政策可能帶來的經(jīng)濟影響,最終做決策的人是政策制定者。故D項不是經(jīng)濟學家要做的事。ABC三項都是經(jīng)濟學家該做的事。

8.單選題

Theboyseemedmore()totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.

問題1選項

A.reconciled

B.consolidated

C.deteriorated

D.attributed

【答案】A

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

固定搭配。reconcileto甘心,接受;attributedto歸因于。consolidate和deteriorated為及物動詞。句意:在看到祖父母的生活后,這個男孩似乎更能接受他們的貧窮了。選項A符合句意。

9.單選題

IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay()rolesinraisingchildren.

問題1選項

A.incapable

B.indispensable

C.insensible

D.infinite

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。incapable“不能的,無能力的”;indispensable“不可缺少的”;insensible“昏迷的,無知覺的”;infinite“無限的,無窮的”。句意:在中國的家庭當中,祖父母和其他的親戚在養(yǎng)育孩子方面起著必不可少的作用。B項符合題意。

10.單選題

Icanhardlyreadyourhomework;yourhandwritingis______.

問題1選項

A.illogical

B.illiterate

C.illusive

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項illogical“不合邏輯的”,B項illiterate“文盲的,不識字的”,C項illusive“錯覺的”,D項illegible“難以辨認的,字跡模糊的”。根據(jù)句子前半部分的意思“我?guī)缀蹩床欢愕淖鳂I(yè)”和關(guān)鍵詞handwriting“書寫”可知,空格處填D項符合句意。句意:我?guī)缀蹩床欢愕淖鳂I(yè);你的字難以辨認。因此,該題選擇D項正確。

11.單選題

Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically“proved”byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeeptheeconomygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.Itisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfromthewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawsofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinions,whichwerecurrentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignorance,lackofresponsibility,areoutdated.InallWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.Iwouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeanstosubsist;inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany“reason.”Iwouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let’ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.

Thismaysoundlikeafantasticproposal,butso,Ithink,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedtopeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectiontosuchaschemewouldbethatifeachpersonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionrestsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature.Actually,asidefromabnormallylazypeople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldprefertodonothingratherthanwork.

However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepurposeofforcingotherstoaccepttheworkconditionstheyoffer.Ifnobodywereforcedtoacceptworkinordernottostarve,workwouldhavetobesufficientlyinterestingandattractivetoinduceonetoacceptit.Freedomofcontractispossibleonlyifbothpartiesarefreetoacceptandrejectit;inthepresentcapitalistsystemthisisnotthecase.

Butsuchasystemwouldnotonlybethebeginningofrealfreedomofcontractbetweenemployersandemployees,itsprincipaladvantagewouldbetheimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife.

1.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto().

2.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat().

3.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould().

4.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum().

問題1選項

A.theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomy

B.thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaults

C.thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsociety

D.thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educated

問題2選項

A.thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimproved

B.everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”

C.everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountry

D.peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoor

問題3選項

A.providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployed

B.encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligations

C.guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployed

D.provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiod

問題4選項

A.demandstoomuchfromsociety

B.makesfreedomofcontractimpossible

C.helpspeopletakeinterestintheirwork

D.helpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongpeople

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:1.【選項釋義】

1.Peopleusedtothinkthatpovertyandunemploymentweredueto______.1.過去,人們認為貧窮和失業(yè)是因為______。

A.theslowdevelopmentoftheeconomyA.經(jīng)濟發(fā)展緩慢

B.thepoorandjoblesspeople’sownfaultsB.窮人和失業(yè)者自己的錯誤

C.thelackofresponsibilityonthepartofsocietyC.社會責任的缺失

D.thelargenumberofpeoplewhowerenotwell-educatedD.大量沒有受過良好教育的人

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段第四句“一百年前流行的觀點認為窮人的處境是由于他們的無知和缺乏責任感,現(xiàn)在這種觀點已經(jīng)過時了”,可知,過去,人們認為貧窮和失業(yè)是因為窮人和失業(yè)者自己的無知和缺乏責任感,B項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“經(jīng)濟發(fā)展緩慢”和D項“大量沒有受過良好教育的人”沒有提到,無中生有;

C項“社會責任的缺失”太片面,以偏概全。

第2題:2.【選項釋義】

2.Nowitiswidelyacceptedthat______.2.現(xiàn)在人們普遍認為______。

A.thepresentsystemofsocialinsuranceshouldbeimprovedA.現(xiàn)行的社會保險制度應該得到完善

B.everybodyshouldbegrantedaminimumofsubsistencewithoutany“reason”B.每個人都應該在沒有任何“理由”的情況下獲得最低生活保障

C.everybodyhastherighttoshareinthewealthofthecountryC.人人都有分享國家財富的權(quán)利

D.peoplehavetochangetheirattitudetowardsthepoorD.人們必須改變對窮人的態(tài)度

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段第三句“現(xiàn)在人們普遍認為(Itisgenerallyacceptedthat),無論是自然法則還是社會法則,都不應該把任何人排除在國家財富之外”,這也就是說,人人都有權(quán)利分享國家的財富。C選項符合題干。

【干擾項排除】

A項“現(xiàn)行的社會保險制度應該得到完善”和D項“人們必須改變對窮人的態(tài)度”沒有提到,無中生有;

B項“每個人都應該在沒有任何‘理由’的情況下獲得最低生活保障”,這是作者的觀點,屬于張冠李戴。

第3題:3.【選項釋義】

3.Thewriterarguesthatasystemofsocialinsuranceshould______.3.作者認為社會保險制度應該______。

A.providebenefitsforthesick,oldandunemployedA.為病人、老人和失業(yè)者提供福利

B.encouragepeopletotakeonmoresocialobligationsB.鼓勵人們承擔更多的社會責任

C.guaranteeeveryonetherighttobeemployedC.確保每個人都有就業(yè)的權(quán)利

D.provideeveryonewiththerighttoaminimumsubsistenceforacertainperiodD.使人人享有某時期最低生活保障的權(quán)利

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“我想更進一步,認為即使沒有這些條件,每個人都有權(quán)利獲得生存手段;換句話說,他可以不需要任何‘理由’就主張最低限度的生存。然而,我建議,它應該被限制在一個確定的時間,比如說兩年,以避免鼓勵一種不正常的態(tài)度,拒絕任何社會義務?!?,從中可知,作者認為在有限的時間內(nèi),每個人都可以領(lǐng)取最低生活保障且無需任何理由。D項符合題意。

【干擾項排除】

A項“為病人、老人和失業(yè)者提供福利”,這不是作者的觀點,屬于張冠李戴;

B項“鼓勵人們承擔更多的社會責任”和C項“確保每個人都有就業(yè)的權(quán)利”在文中沒有提到,無中生有。

第4題:4.【選項釋義】

4.Accordingtothewriter,asystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimum______.4.據(jù)作者介紹,最低生活保障制度______。

A.demandstoomuchfromsocietyA.對社會要求太多

B.makesfreedomofcontractimpossibleB.使契約自由成為不可能

C.helpspeopletakeinterestintheirworkC.幫助人們對他們的工作產(chǎn)生興趣

D.helpsbringaboutchangesintherelationshipamongpeopleD.有助于改變?nèi)伺c人之間的關(guān)系

【考查點】事實細節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段中的“……,它的主要好處將是改善日常生活各個領(lǐng)域的人際關(guān)系的自由(theimprovementoffreedomininterpersonalrelationshipsineverysphereofdailylife)”,從中可知,作者認為最低生活保障制度有助于改善人際關(guān)系。所以選項D符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A項“對社會要求太多”沒有提到,無中生有;

B項“使契約自由成為不可能”,原文倒數(shù)第二段最后一句提到“只有當雙方都能自由地接受和拒絕契約時,契約自由才有可能”,可知,使契約自由成為不可能的是“雙方不能自由地接受和拒絕契約”,與題干無關(guān),屬于張冠李戴;

C項“幫助人們對他們的工作產(chǎn)生興趣”,文中并沒有提到最低生活保障制度能幫助人們對工作產(chǎn)生興趣,該項無中生有。

12.單選題

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing()whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

問題1選項

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】上下文語義。句意:一種產(chǎn)品以低于正常價值的價格進入另一國家的貿(mào)易時,被認為是。根據(jù)語境可知,這里應填入與進出口貨物相關(guān)的詞匯。dump指傾銷,符合語境,選項D正確。

13.單選題

Fewerandfeweroftoday’sworkersexpecttospendtheirworkinglivesinthesamefield,()thesamecompany.

問題1選項

A.allelse

B.muchworse

C.lesslikely

D.letalone

【答案】D

【解析】考查語義辨析。A選項allelse“其他所有”;B選項muchworse“更糟糕的是”;C選項lesslikely“更不可能的是”;D選項letalone“更不必說”,句意為:如今想在同一個領(lǐng)域干一輩子的工人越來越少,更不用說同一個公司了。D選項符合句意,因此選D。

14.單選題

InthefaceofanuncooperativeCongress,theChiefExecutivemayfindhimself(

)toaccomplishthepoliticalprogramtowhichheiscommitted.

問題1選項

A.neutral

B.impotent

C.impudent

D.pious

【答案】B

【解析】neutral中立的;impotent無力的,無效的;impudent魯莽的,無禮的;pious虔誠的,盡責的。句意:面對不合作的國會,行政長官可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無力完成他所承諾的政治計劃。選項B符合句意。

15.單選題

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudeoilhaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttooth

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