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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京經(jīng)濟(jì)管理職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery(

)ofhismoney.

問題1選項

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:雖然他已經(jīng)很富有了,但是他仍十分節(jié)儉。

economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的;thrifty節(jié)儉的,通常與with連用,例如bethriftywithmoney節(jié)約用錢;frugal節(jié)儉,通常與of連用,例如befrugalofone’smoney節(jié)約用錢;careful小心的。故選C。

2.案例題

Obama'ssuccessisn'tallgoodnewsforblackAmericans

AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls.

"I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."

White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected-thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharbourracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterisehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."

Stinginthetail

AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.

Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.

TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.

Dramaticshift

Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"-ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.

Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergisedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.

Lingeringracism

IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly;insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or"evil"—withphotosofblackorwhitefaces.Asimilartestcanalsomeasurehowquicklysubjectsassociatestereotypicaltraits—suchasathleticskillsormentalability—withaparticulargroup.

InastudythatwillappearintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology,Plant'steamtested229studentsduringtheheightoftheObamafever.Theyfoundthatimplicitbiashasfallenbyasmuchas90%comparedwiththelevelfoundinasimilarstudyin2006."That'sanunusuallylargedrop,"Plantsays.

Whiletheteamcan'tbesuretheirresultsareduesolelytoObama,theyalsoshowedthatthosewiththelowestbiaswerelikelytosubconsciouslyassociateblackskincolourwithpoliticalwordssuchas"government"or"president".ThissuggeststhatObamawasstronglyontheirmind,saysPlant.

Dropinbias

BrianNosekoftheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville,whorunsawebsitethatmeasuresimplicitbiasusingsimilartest,hasalsoobservedasmalldropinbiasinthe700,000visitorstothesitesinceJanuary2007,whichmightbeexplainedbyObama'srisetopopularity.However,hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.

Talkinghonestly

"PeoplenowhavetheopportunityofexpressingsupportforObamaeveryday,"saysDanielEffronatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia."OurresearcharousestheconcernthatpeoplemaynowbemorelikelytoraisenegativeviewsofAfricanAmericans."Ontheotherhand,hesays,itmayjustencouragepeopletotalkmorehonestlyabouttheirfeelingsregardingraceissues,whichmaynotbesuchabadthing.

Anotherpartofthestudysuggestsfarmoreisatstakethanthemereexpressionofviews.TheObamaeffectmayhaveanegativeside.JustoneweekafterObamawaselectedpresident,participantswerelessreadytosupportpoliciesdesignedtoaddressracialinequalitythantheyhadbeentwoweeksbeforetheelection.

Hugeobstacles

Itcould,ofcourse,alsobethatObama'ssuccesshelpspeopletoforgetthatadisproportionatenumberofblackAmericansstillliveinpovertyandfacehugeobstacleswhentryingtoovercomethesecircumstances."BarackObama'sfamilyissuchasalient(出色的)image,wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife,"saysCherylKaiseroftheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.ThosetryingtoaddressissuesofracialinequalityneedtoconstantlyremindpeopleoftheinequalitiesthatstillexisttocounteracttheObama'seffect,shesays.

ThoughPlant'sfindingsweremorepositive,shetoowarnsagainstthinkingthatracismandracialinequalitiesarenolongeraproblem."ThelastthingIwantisforpeopletothinkeverything'ssolved."

ThesefindingsdonotonlyapplytoObama,orevenjusttorace.Theyshouldholdforanyrolemodelinanycountry."There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,"saysEffron.Sotheelectionofafemaleleadermighthaveadownsideforotherwomen.

Beyondrace

Wealsodon'tyetknowhowlongtheObamaeffect—bothitsgoodsideanditsbad—willlast.Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps?

AndwhatifAmericansbecomesofamiliarwithhavingObamaastheirpresidentthattheystopconsideringhisracealtogether?"Overtimehemightbecomehisownentity,"saysPlant.Thismightseemliketheultimatedefeatforracism,butignoringtheraceofcertainselectindividuals—aphenomenonthatpsychologistscallsubtyping—alsohasaninsidious(隱伏的)side."Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes."ThatcouldturnouttobethecruellestofallthetwiststotheObamaeffect.

1.HowdidErinWhitefeeluponseeingBarackObama'svictoryintheelection?

A.Excited.

B.Victorious.

C.Anxious.

D.Relieved.

2.Beforetheelection,ErinWhitehasbeenhauntedbythequestionofwhether.

A.shecouldobtainherMBAdegree

B.shecouldgoasfarasshewantedinlife

C.shewasovershadowedbyherwhitepeers

D.shewasreallyanachieverasastudent

3.WhatisthefocusofAshbyPlant'sstudy?

A.RacistsentimentsinAmerica.

B.Thepowerofrolemodels.

C.Personalitytraitsofsuccessfulblacks.

D.ThedualcharacterofAfricanAmericans.

4.Intheirexperiments,RayFriedmanandhiscolleaguesfoundthat.

A.blacksandwhitesbehaveddifferentlyduringtheelection

B.whites'attitudetowardsblackshasdramaticallychanged

C.Obama'selectionhaseliminatedtheprejudiceagainstblacks

D.Obama'ssuccessimpactedblacks'performanceinlanguagetests

5.WhatdoBrianNosek'spreliminaryresultssuggest?

A.Thechangeinbiasagainstblacksisslowincoming.

B.Biasagainstblackshasexperiencedanunusualdrop.

C.Websitevisitor'sopinionsarefarfrombeingreliable.

D.Obama'spopularitymaydeclineastimepassesby.

6.AnegativesideoftheObamaeffectisthat.

A.morepeoplehavestartedtocriticisePresidentObama'sracialpolicies

B.relationsbetweenwhitesandAfricanAmericansmaybecometenseagain

C.peoplearenowlessreadytosupportpoliciesaddressingracialinequality

D.whitepeoplearelikelytobecomemorecriticalofAfricanAmericans

7.CherylKaiserholdsthatpeopleshouldbeconstantlyremindedthat.

A.Obama'ssuccessissoundproofofblack'spotential

B.Obamaisbutarareexampleofblack'sexcellence

C.racialinequalitystillpersistsinAmericansociety

D.blacksstillfaceobstaclesinpoliticalparticipation

8.AccordingtoEffron,ifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected,therewouldalsohavebeenanegativeeffecton(

).

9.ItispossiblethattheObamaeffectwillbeshort-livedifthereisachangeinpeople's(

).

10.TheworstpossibleaspectoftheObamaeffectisthatpeoplecouldignorehisracealtogetherandcontinuetoholdontotheiroldracial(

).

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.B

4.D

5.A

6.C

7.C

8.ourviewsofwomen

9.politicalsentiment

10.stereotypes

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,當(dāng)ErinWhite聽到Obama成功贏得選舉的消息,她感覺到肩上的擔(dān)子減輕了。選項D符合原文。

根據(jù)第二段ErinWhite說的話“Buttherehad...gosofar.”可知,她總是被一些問題所困擾,比如是否能成為自己想成為的人,在人生路上能走多遠(yuǎn)。選項B符合原文。

3根據(jù)第四段的第一句“AshbyPlantis...totesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.”所以選項B正確。

4.

根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.”以及第四段提到的howthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehaviour.可知,選項D正確。

5.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“preliminaryresults”定位到Dropinbias這一部分的內(nèi)容,本段最后一句“hispreliminaryresultssuggestthatchangewillbemuchslowercomingthanPlant'sresultssuggest.”所以選項A與原文相符。

6.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“negativeside”定位到Talkinghonestly這一部分的內(nèi)容“TheObamaeffect...beforetheelection.”,選項C符合原文。

7.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“CherylKaiser”定位到Hugeobstacles這一部分的內(nèi)容,“wegeneraliseitandfailtoseethelargerpicture—thatthere'sinjusticeineveryaspectofAmericanlife.”選項C符合原文。

8.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Effron”定位到“Hugeobstacles”這一部分第三段Effron說的內(nèi)容“There'snoreasonwewouldn'thaveseenthesameeffectonourviewsofwomenifHillaryClintonorSarahPalinhadbeenelected”.。

9.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容“Politicalsentimentisnotoriouslychangeable:WhatifthingsbegintogowrongforObama,andhispopularityslumps.”。

10.

根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Wethinkithappenstohelppeoplepreservetheirbeliefs,sotheycanstillholdontothepreviousstereotypes.”。

3.單選題

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,()thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

問題1選項

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他要我借給他一些錢,我答應(yīng)了,但條件是他下星期還錢。

考查短語辨析。onoccasion偶爾,有時;onpurpose故意;oncondition在……條件下,如果;onlyif只要,只有??崭袼诰湔f的是借錢的條件,因此C項正確。

4.單選題

Humanbeingsspendalotoftimetryingtofigureoutwhatwillmakethemhappy,butnotnearlyenoughtimetryingto(

)thehappinesstheyalreadyhave.

問題1選項

A.hangonto

B.putupwith

C.lookdownon

D.goinfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。hangonto意為“緊緊握住”;putupwith意為“忍受,容忍”;lookdownon意為“看不起,輕視”;goinfor意為“從事”。句意:人類花了很多時間試圖找出什么會使他們快樂,但卻沒有足夠的時間去嘗試把握他們已經(jīng)擁有的幸福。

5.翻譯題

由于世界范圍內(nèi)的高校采用越來越以市場為導(dǎo)向的管理模式,為了用可度量的方式來顯示自己的價值,學(xué)者們所承受的壓力也與日俱增。常用的度量方式就是研究成果,研究成果通常是按照發(fā)表文章的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量來計算的,而質(zhì)量則常常由是否有文章被引文索引庫(citationindex)所收錄來決定。因此,要想在專業(yè)上成功,學(xué)者們需要寫出一系列會被索引引用的文章,當(dāng)然這些文章很可能是用英語寫成。

【答案】Asinstitutionsofhigherlearningworldwidehaveadoptedanincreasinglymarket-orientedmodeofmanagement,scholarsarebearingincreasingpressureinordertodemonstratetheirvaluesinameasurablemanner.Acommonwayofmeasurementistomeasureresearchfruits,whicharecalculatedinaccordancewiththenumberandqualityofpublishedpapers.Butqualityisusuallydeterminedbywhetherapaperisincludedinoneofthecitationindexes.Therefore,tosucceedintheirspecialties,scholarsneedtowriteaseriesofpaperscitedinthecitationindexes.Ofcourse,thosepapersarelikelytobewritteninEnglish.

6.單選題

Thereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted;(

),interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.

問題1選項

A.inaddition

B.incontrast

C.inturn

D.inshort

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.inaddition此外B.incontrast與此相反

C.inturn依次;輪流;反過來D.inshort總之;簡而言之

【答案】B

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】當(dāng)老年人的活動受到限制時,他們的健康會受到不良影響;……擴(kuò)大他們活動范圍的干預(yù)措施可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。由本句前后句句意可知,前后所表達(dá)意思相反,所以此處應(yīng)填入B選項“與此相反”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項inaddition表此外的意思,而這里前后兩部分表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,A選項無法表示轉(zhuǎn)折;

C選項inturn依次;輪流;反過來,當(dāng)這個短語表示“反過來”時,多指前后兩者相輔相成相互影響,該選項不表示相反的意思,和原文語境不符合;

D選項inshort總之;簡而言之,不表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折含義。

【句意】當(dāng)老年人的活動受到限制時,他們的健康會受到不良影響;相反,增加他們活動范圍的干預(yù)可以促進(jìn)他們的健康。

7.單選題

ThisEnglishdocumentiscompiledbytheBureauofLegislativeAffairsoftheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andispublishedbytheChinaLegalSystemPublishingHouse.Incaseof(

),theoriginalversioninChineseshallprevail.

問題1選項

A.incongruity

B.disagreement

C.discrepancy

D.disharmony

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項incongruity“不協(xié)調(diào);不適宜”;B選項disagreement“不一致;爭論”;C選項discrepancy“不符;矛盾”;D選項disharmony“不一致;不融洽”。句意:本英文文件由中華人民共和國國務(wù)院法制局編譯,中國法制出版社出版。當(dāng)發(fā)生……時,以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。此處應(yīng)指正式場合出現(xiàn)歧義時,以中文原文為準(zhǔn)。C選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Withinhoursofappearingontelevisiontoannouncetheendofconscription,PresidentJacuesChiracmovedquicklytopreventanydissentfromwithinthemilitaryestablishment.Addressingmorethan500militarystaffofficersatthemilitaryacademyinParisyesterday,Mr.Chiracsaidclearlythathe“expected”theirloyaltyintheworkofrebuildingFrance’snationaldefense.

Heunderstoodtheir“l(fā)egitimateconcerns,questionsandemotions”atthereforms,butadded,“YoumustunderstandthatthereisnotandneverhasbeenanyrigidmodelforFrenchdefense.Militaryservicehasbeencompulsoryforlessthanacentury.Realismrequiredthatourarmedforcesshouldnowbeprofessional.”

ThePresident’sdecisiontoabolishconscriptionoveraperiodofsixyearsremovesariteofpassageforyoungFrenchmenthathasexistedsincetheRevolution,eventhoughobligatorynationalserviceonlybecamelawin1905.Asrecentlyas1993,anopinionpollshowedthatmorethan60%ofFrenchpeoplesaidtheyfearedtheabolitionofconscriptioncouldendangernationalsecurity.Apollconductedthismonth,however,showedthat70%ofthoseaskedfavoredendingofpractice,andonthestreetsandinofficesyesterday,theresponsetoMr.Chirac’sannouncementwasgenerallypositive.

Amongpeoplewhocompletedtheir10-monthperiodofnationalserviceinthelastfewyearsorwerecontemplatingtheprospect,therewasalmostuniversalapproval.Temperedbyasensethatsomethinghardtodefine—mixingwithpeoplefromotherbackgrounds,aformativeexperience,aprocessthatencouragednationalorsocialcohesion—mightbelost.

Patrick,whospenthisyearintheFrenchcityofValanceassigningandcollectinguniforms,andisnowacomputermanager,saidhewasintearsforhisfirstweek,andhatedmostofhistime.Hethoughtitwas“useless”asaformofmilitarytraining—“Ionlyfiredarifletwice”—but,inretrospect,usefulforlearninghowtogetonwithpeopleandinstillingpatriotism.

Asmanyas25%ofthoseliableformilitaryserviceinFrancesomehowavoidit—thepercentageisprobablymuchgreaterinthemoreeducatedandhighersocialclasses.

AccordingtoGeoffroy,a26-year-oldreporter,whospenthistimeinthenavywiththeinformationofficeincentralParis,theinjusticeisagoodreasonforabolishingit.Peoplewithmoneyorconnections,hesaid,cangetwell-paidassignmentsabroad.“It’snotfair:somedoit,somedon’t.”

Severalexpressedsupportfortheideaofanewsocially-orientedvoluntaryservicethatwouldbeopentobothmenandwomen.Buttheideaseemedlesspopularamongwomen.Atpresent,womenhavetheoptionofvoluntarymilitaryserviceandasmallnumberchoosetotakeit.

1.PresidentChirac’sdecision,announcedonTV,onendingconscriptionseemedto____.

2.Inplaceofmilitaryservice,PresidentChiracproposedtheestablishmentof____.

3.WhenPatrickconsideredhistimeinthearmy“inretrospect”,he____.

4.WelearnfromthepassagethatFrenchwomen____.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.havecurbeddisagreementamongtheofficers

B.beanapologymadetothemilitaryacademy

C.haveanunderstandingofallmilitaryofficers

D.havegotnoconsensusfrommilitaryofficers

問題2選項

A.anewmilitaryacademy

B.ariteofpassageforyoungFrenchmen

C.conscriptionoveraperiodofsixyears

D.professionalarmedforces

問題3選項

A.regrettedhiswasteoftimeservinginthearmy

B.correctedhispreviousviewonmilitaryservice

C.stillfeltsorrowforthoseunderaforcedservice

D.revealedhisfailuretogetonwithpeople

問題4選項

A.aregreetingthereformwithenthusiasm

B.arenoteligibletoserveinthearmy

C.donotfacecompulsorymilitaryservice

D.hatetobeexemptedfrommilitaryservice

問題5選項

A.FairnessinConscriptionIsDesirable.

B.Chirac’sAdministrationMeetsObjections.

C.SoulofFranceIstoBeKeptwithArms.

D.FewFrenchRegrettheFarewelltoArms.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:【選項釋義】

PresidentChirac’sdecision,announcedonTV,onendingconscriptionseemedto____.希拉克總統(tǒng)在電視上宣布的結(jié)束征兵的決定似乎____。

A.havecurbeddisagreementamongtheofficersA.制止了政府官員之間的分歧

B.beanapologymadetothemilitaryacademyB.是向軍事院校的道歉

C.haveanunderstandingofallmilitaryofficersC.得到了所有軍官的理解

D.havegotnoconsensusfrommilitaryofficersD.沒有得到軍官的一致認(rèn)同

【答案】D

【考查點】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞TV和endingconscription定位到原文第一段第一句,該句提到“在電視上(ontelevision)宣布結(jié)束征兵(theendofconscription)的幾個小時內(nèi),法國總統(tǒng)希拉克迅速采取行動以防止軍隊內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)任何異議(topreventanydissentfromwithinthemilitaryestablishment)?!庇纱丝芍▏偨y(tǒng)在電視上宣布結(jié)束征兵后,擔(dān)心軍隊內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)任何異議,所以迅速采取了有關(guān)行動,這說明結(jié)束征兵的這一決定極有可能引起軍隊內(nèi)部的異議。由此推斷,D選項“(這一決定)沒有得到軍官的一致認(rèn)同”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“制止了政府官員之間的分歧”,由【解題思路】定位句可知,法國總統(tǒng)為了防止這一決定可能導(dǎo)致軍隊內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)的異議而迅速采取行動;原文第一段第二句提到“希拉克在巴黎軍事學(xué)院對500多名軍官發(fā)表了講話”,因此,法國總統(tǒng)采取的行動是前往軍事學(xué)院發(fā)表講話,以消除軍官們的異議。所以,“通過電視宣布結(jié)束征兵的決定”這件事并沒有制止政府官員之間的分歧,反而可能是引起分歧的事,另外,法國總統(tǒng)采取的制止分歧的行動是“前往軍事學(xué)院發(fā)表講話”,總而言之,該選項表述錯誤,屬于曲解原文;

B選項“是向軍事院校的道歉”,雖然原文提到了法國總統(tǒng)前往巴黎軍事學(xué)院發(fā)表講話,但并不是在向他們道歉;另外題干說的是“通過電視宣布結(jié)束征兵的決定”這件事,這是可能引起軍事院校的軍官們出現(xiàn)異議的原因,不可能是向軍事院校道歉,總之,該選項表述錯誤,屬于曲解原文;

C選項“得到了所有軍官的理解”,如果該決定得到了軍官們的一致認(rèn)同,法國總統(tǒng)就不需要迅速采取行動以防止軍隊內(nèi)部可能出現(xiàn)異議了,該選項表述與原文相反,屬于反向干擾。

第2題:【選項釋義】

Inplaceofmilitaryservice,PresidentChiracproposedtheestablishmentof____.希拉克總統(tǒng)提議設(shè)立____來代替服兵役。

A.anewmilitaryacademyA.一所新的軍事學(xué)院

B.ariteofpassageforyoungFrenchmenB.法國年輕人的成年儀式

C.conscriptionoveraperiodofsixyearsC.六年的征兵

D.professionalarmedforcesD.專業(yè)的武裝部隊

【答案】D

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Inplaceofmilitaryservice定位到原文第二段最后一句。該句提到“現(xiàn)實要求我們現(xiàn)在的武裝部隊?wèi)?yīng)該是專業(yè)的(ourarmedforcesshouldnowbeprofessional)。”由此可知,法國總統(tǒng)決定取消征兵制度,他認(rèn)為法國應(yīng)該建立專業(yè)的武裝部隊,D選項“專業(yè)的武裝部隊”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“一所新的軍事學(xué)院”,原文只是提到法國總統(tǒng)到巴黎軍事學(xué)院發(fā)表講話,并沒有說要建立一所新的軍事學(xué)院來取代服兵役的制度,該選項屬于無中生有;

B選項“法國年輕人的成年儀式”,可定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“總統(tǒng)計劃六年時間內(nèi)廢除征兵制度的決定(ThePresident’sdecisiontoabolishconscription),取消了(removes)自大革命以來就存在的法國年輕人的成年儀式(ariteofpassageforyoungFrenchmen)?!庇纱丝芍?,自大革命以來,法國年輕人的成年儀式指的就是服兵役,因此,不可能是用法國年輕人的成年儀式來取代服兵役,因為它們指的是同一件事情,該選項屬于偷換概念;

C選項“六年的征兵”,可定位到原文第三段第一句,該句提到“總統(tǒng)計劃六年時間內(nèi)廢除征兵制度(abolishconscriptionoveraperiodofsixyears)的決定”,由此可知,原文“六年的時間”是廢除征兵制度的時間,而不是選項中表達(dá)的服兵役的時間,并且這也不是總統(tǒng)希望用來取代服兵役的事情,該選項表述錯誤,屬于曲解原文。

第3題:【選項釋義】

WhenPatrickconsideredhistimeinthearmy“inretrospect”,he____.當(dāng)Patrick“回顧”他在軍隊的時光時,他____。

A.regrettedhiswasteoftimeservinginthearmyA.為他浪費時間服兵役感到后悔

B.correctedhispreviousviewonmilitaryserviceB.糾正了他以前對服兵役的看法

C.stillfeltsorrowforthoseunderaforcedserviceC.仍然為那些被迫服役的人感到悲傷

D.revealedhisfailuretogetonwithpeopleD.揭露了自己不善于與人相處

【答案】B

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Patrick和inretrospect定位到原文第五段最后一句。該句提到“他認(rèn)為這作為一種軍事訓(xùn)練形式是‘無用的’(itwas‘useless’)”,“但回想起來(but,inretrospect),這對于學(xué)習(xí)如何與人相處和宣傳愛國主義是有用的(useful)。”由此可知,Patrick以前認(rèn)為服兵役是無用的,后來回憶的時候,則認(rèn)為在別的方面,服兵役還是有用的,修正了他之前的觀念。因此,B選項“糾正了他以前對服兵役的看法”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“為他浪費時間服兵役感到后悔”,Patrick在回憶的時候認(rèn)為服兵役還是有點用處的,因此,他不會認(rèn)為服兵役是浪費時間,也不會因此而后悔,該選項表述錯誤,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“仍然為那些被迫服役的人感到悲傷”,Patrick在回憶的時候認(rèn)為服兵役還是有點用處的,因此,說他仍然為那些被迫服兵役的人感到悲傷不符合原文,該選項屬于曲解原文;

D選項“揭露了自己不善于與人相處”,原文只是提到Patrick認(rèn)為服兵役對于學(xué)習(xí)如何與人相處是有用的,并不是說他以前服兵役的時候不善與人相處,該選項表述錯誤,屬于無中生有。

第4題:【選項釋義】

WelearnfromthepassagethatFrenchwomen____.我們可以從文章中得知,法國女性____。

A.aregreetingthereformwithenthusiasmA.對這項改革充滿熱情

B.arenoteligibletoserveinthearmyB.沒有資格去軍隊服役

C.donotfacecompulsorymilitaryserviceC.沒有服兵役的義務(wù)

D.hatetobeexemptedfrommilitaryserviceD.討厭被免除兵役

【答案】C

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Frenchwomen定位到原文最后一段。該段第一句提到“一些代表表示支持建立一個面向社會的新的自愿服務(wù)的想法,這將向男性和女性開放?!北径巫詈笠痪涮岬健澳壳埃钥梢赃x擇是否服兵役(theoptionofvoluntarymilitaryservice),少數(shù)女性選擇服兵役?!庇纱丝芍?,目前,服兵役對于法國女性來說并不是義務(wù),她們有權(quán)利選擇是否進(jìn)行志愿兵役服務(wù)。因此,C選項“沒有服兵役的義務(wù)”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對這項改革充滿熱情”,原文最后一段第二句提到“但這一想法在女性中似乎沒那么受歡迎(lesspopularamongwomen)”,由此可知,法國女性對于這一改革并沒有什么熱情,該選項表述與原文矛盾,屬于反向干擾;

B選項“沒有資格去軍隊服役”,原文提到法國女性是可以選擇志愿服兵役的,該選項表述錯誤,屬于反向干擾;

D選項“討厭被免除服兵役”,原文提到只有少數(shù)法國女性選擇志愿服兵役,由此可知,她們并不喜歡服兵役,因此,她們不會討厭被免除服兵役,該選項表述與原文矛盾,屬于反向干擾。

第5題:【選項釋義】

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?下列哪一項最適合做本文標(biāo)題?

A.FairnessinConscriptionIsDesirable.A.征兵需要公平。

B.Chirac’sAdministrationMeetsObjections.B.希拉克政府遭到反對。

C.SoulofFranceIstoBeKeptwithArms.C.法國的靈魂是與軍隊保持聯(lián)系。

D.FewFrenchRegrettheFarewelltoArms.D.很少有法國人對告別軍隊感到遺憾。

【答案】D

【考查點】主旨大意題

【解題思路】分析文章行文結(jié)構(gòu):本文的行文邏輯大致為“提出‘取消征兵制度’的話題——介紹各方的反應(yīng)”。第一、二段:法國總統(tǒng)前往巴黎軍事學(xué)院發(fā)表講話以消除軍事院校可能存在的異議;第三段:最新的民調(diào)顯示,70%的受訪者支持這一決定;第四、五、六段:服過兵役的人普遍認(rèn)為服兵役還是有用的,但并未表示反對取消征兵制度,還有人認(rèn)為征兵制度不公平;第七段:有人提出法國男性和女性志愿服兵役的建議,但該建議在女性群體中,不那么受歡迎。綜上所述,大部分法國人還是支持取消征兵制度的,D選項“很少有法國人對告別軍隊感到遺憾”符合原文。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“征兵需要公平”,雖然“征兵”的確是原文涉及的內(nèi)容,但原文的話題是“取消征兵制度”,“征兵公平”只是文章倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容,該選項屬于以偏概全;

B選項“希拉克政府遭到反對”,根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,大部分法國民眾支持希拉克政府取消征兵制度的決定,該選項表述與原文矛盾,屬于反向干擾;

C選項“法國的靈魂是與軍隊保持聯(lián)系”,原文話題是“取消征兵制度”,并且大部分法國民眾持支持意見,與“跟軍隊保持聯(lián)系”矛盾,該選項屬于反向干擾。

9.單選題

)atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.

問題1選項

A.Sosuccessfulthespeakerwas

B.Sosuccessfulwasthespeaker

C.Thespeakersosuccessful

D.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這位演講者通過巧妙的語言如此成功地表達(dá)了她的潛在信息,以致她的演講得到學(xué)生們震耳欲聾的掌聲。

語法題??疾椴糠值寡b。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容詞提前,句子需要部分倒裝,故選B。

10.單選題

Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenerally(1)itlooklikeadifferentkindofcrimethanfabricationandfalsification.(2),KennethD.Pimpleclaimsthatplagiarismisnotan

(3)

thatunderminestheknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.Rather,thecrimeisindeprivingotherscientistsoftherewardtheyare

(4)

forparticipatinginthisknowledge-buildingproject.

(5)

,Pimplesaysthatplagiarismisproblematicnotbecauseitisdishonest,butratherbecauseitisunfair.

WhileIthinkPimpleisrighttoidentifyanadditionalcomponentofresponsibleconductofscience

(6)

honesty,namely,acertainkindoffairnesstoone’s

(7)

scientists.Ialsothinkthisanalysisofplagiarismmissesanimportant

(8)

inwhichmisrepresentingthesourceofwords,ideas,methods,orresultscan

(9)

theknowledge-buildingprojectofscience.

Onthesurface,plagiarism,while

(10)

nastytothepersonwhosereportisbeingstolen,mightseemnottounderminethescientificcommunity’s

(11)

ofthephenomena.Wearestill,afterall,bringingtogetherand

(12)

anumberofdifferentobservationreportstodeterminethestablefeaturesofourexperienceofthephenomenon.

(13)

thiscomparisonofteninvolvesadialogueaswell.Aspartoftheknowledge-buildingproject,fromtheearliestplanningoftheirexperimentstowellafterresultsarepublished,scientistsare

(14)

inaskingandansweringquestionsaboutthedetailsoftheexperienceandoftheconditions

(15)

whichthephenomenonwasobserved.Misrepresentingsomeoneelse’shonestobservationreportasone’sownstripsthereportofaccurateinformationforsuchadialogue.

問題1選項

A.make

B.get

C.have

D.help

問題2選項

A.Therefore

B.Sofar

C.However

D.Forexample

問題3選項

A.excuse

B.ideology

C.object

D.offense

問題4選項

A.competing

B.attracted

C.due

D.craving

問題5選項

A.Ontheotherhand

B.Inotherwords

C.Byandby

D.Inthemeanwhile

問題6選項

A.besides

B.towards

C.except

D.for

問題7選項

A.fellow

B.rival

C.team

D.peer

問題8選項

A.chance

B.way

C.reason

D.base

問題9選項

A.stimulate

B.construct

C.undermine

D.assess

問題10選項

A.surprisingly

B.accordingly

C.potentially

D.necessarily

問題11選項

A.knowledge

B.discovery

C.creation

D.evaluation

問題12選項

A.presenting

B.comparing

C.submitting

D.producing

問題13選項

A.So

B.While

C.But

D.And

問題14選項

A.devoted

B.scheduled

C.committed

D.engaged

問題15選項

A.with

B.under

C.for

D.around

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

第7題:A

第8題:B

第9題:C

第10題:C

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

【解析】(1)考察動詞辨析。make使;get到達(dá),獲得;have擁有;help幫助。句意:剽竊被廣泛認(rèn)定為是對科研項目的犯罪,但對其為何有害的解釋使它看上去不同于偽造和篡改這兩種行為。選項A符合句意。

(2)考察邏輯連接詞。Therefore于是(表示結(jié)果);Sofar到目前為止(表示時間);However然而(表示轉(zhuǎn)折);Forexample例如,比如(舉例說明)。句意:例如,KennethD.Pimple聲稱…選項D符合句意。

(3)考察名詞辨析。excuse借口;ideology思想意識;object物體,目標(biāo);offense冒犯行為。句意:KennethD.Pimple聲稱剽竊不是破壞科學(xué)知識建構(gòu)的一種冒犯行為。選項D符合句意。

(4)考察形容詞辨析。competing競爭的,抵觸的;attracted被吸引的;due應(yīng)得的,預(yù)期的;craving渴望的。句意:剽竊這種行為剝奪了其他科學(xué)家從事知識構(gòu)建應(yīng)得的獎勵。選項C符合句意。

(5)考察邏輯連接詞。Ontheotherhand另一方面;Inotherwords換一句話說;Byandby遲早;Inthemeanwhile與此同時。句意:換句話說,Pimple以為剽竊的問題不在于該行為不誠實,而是不公平。選項B符合句意。

(6)考察介詞辨析。besides除……之外還有;towards朝向……;except除了……以外(不包括后面所提到的內(nèi)容或事物);for為了。句意:除了誠實這一組成要素外,我認(rèn)為Pimple指出了負(fù)責(zé)任的科研行為的其他額外組成部分。選項A符合句意。

(7)考察名詞辨析。fellow同伴;rival對手;team團(tuán)隊;peer同齡人。句意:負(fù)責(zé)任的

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