考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-新疆理工學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

AncientGreeksbelievedthatthegods,whoresembledhumans,livedonMountOlympus,wheretheyhadahierarchicalsociety.Individualgodsbecameassociatedwiththreemain（

）—theskyorheaven,thesea,andtheearth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.paradigms

B.regimes

C.domains

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)paradigm“范例；詞形變化表”；B選項(xiàng)regime“政權(quán)；政體；管理制度”；C選項(xiàng)domain“領(lǐng)域；地產(chǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)regimen“養(yǎng)生法；生活規(guī)則”。句意：古希臘人認(rèn)為，與人類相似的諸神生活在奧林匹斯山上，那里是一個(gè)等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)。個(gè)別的神與三種主要的……聯(lián)系在一起——天空或天堂，大海和大地。天空、大海和大地屬于地域。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Atourhouse,nobodygetsmoremailthanJake:catalogs,coupons,andofferstosubscribetomagazines.Heisalsourgedtodonatetoworthcausesandtakeadvantageofsomeprettyincrediblecredit-cardoffers.

Heignoresallofthem.Whatdotheyexpect?He’sadog.

ItallstartedwhenIusedJake’snameasanaliasontheInternet,inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy.BeforeIknewit,junkwasporingin,provingonceagainthatthesedayseverymoveyoumakeonlinecanbe,oftenis,carefullywatchedandrecordedbypeoplewhodon’tknowyoufromyourdog—everyonefromadandinsuranceagenciestononprofitgroupsandeventhedreadedtelemarketers.Andlet’snotforgetthemore,shallwesay,unscrupulouscharacters.

We’veallheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.Identitytheftisoneofthefastest-growingcrimesaround.

Evenifyouneverbuyanythingonline,yourprivacycanbecompromisedbyWeb“cookies”.AcookieisasmallfilethataWebsitestoresonyourcomputercontaininginformationitcanuseto“recognize”youifyoureturntothatsite.

Mostcookiesposelittlerisktoprivacyontheirown.Theproblemcomeswhenothersgetholdofyourcookies.Inahighlypublicizedcaseearlierthisyear.DoubleclickInc.Plannedtocross-referenceconsumercookiedatawithinformationfromamarketingdatabase,suchasname,addressandcreditcard-purchasehistory.Seenasanunethicalviolationof

consumers’privacy,alawsuitfollowed.Doubleclickgaveuptheplan,fornow.

Inthemeantime,otherthreatstoyourcyberprivacystillexist.Example;Anyonewhoknowwheretolookcanbuystolencreditcardnumbersinchatrooms,andspendsupeverypennyonyourcardinminutes.

Inthistechnology-drivenworld,yournewbestfriendmaybeadifferentkindofanimal:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously.TheAnonymizer()offersanonymoussurfing.Anonymouspaymentmechanismssuchaselectroniccash()letyoushoponlinewithoutacreditcard.AndyoucandownloadfreesoftwaresuchastheInternetJunkbustertofilteroutmostcookiesbeforetheytouchyourcomputer.

Still,asnewtechnologiesbringoutthecreativityincrooks,yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance.Keeptrackofeachpenny,balanceyourcheckbookandfollowupondiscrepanciesinyourstatementsimmediately.Howevermuchtheworldchanges,itstillpaystobeyourownwatchdog.

1.TheauthorusedanaliasontheInternetinorderto（

）.

2.“We’vealheardhorrorstoriesaboutpeoplewhoseidentities,intheformofcreditcardorSocialSecuritynumbers,wereassumedbycrooks.”(Para.4)Theword“assume”means（

）

3.Cookiespostgreatthreattoyourprivacywhen（

）.

4.ThePETscanenhanceyourprivacyby（

）.

5.Toprotectyourselfonline,you’dbetter（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attractmoremails

B.ignorethejunk

C.concealhisidentity

D.protectthedog

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.suppose

B.feign

C.undertake

D.copy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycontainyourinformation

B.theyenteryourpersonalcomputer

C.yourcookiescarryviruses

D.yourcookiesaregotandusedbyothers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.enablingyoutodoonlinebusinesswithoutexposingyouridentity

B.allowingyoutopaywithoutelectroniccash

C.lettingyoudownloadsoftwarefreeofcharge

D.makingyousurfingthenetwithanalias

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.catchupwithnewtechnologies

B.dependonmorepowerfulprotectivesoftware

C.keepinconstanttouchwiththeonlineserviceproviders

D.stayvigilanttoyouronlineaccounts

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。在第三段提出“inanattempttoprotectwhat’sleftofmyprivacy”說(shuō)明作者是為了隱藏他的身份。

2.詞義題。句意:我們總是聽(tīng)說(shuō)人們的身份，被騙子以信用卡或者社會(huì)保障的號(hào)碼的形式冒名頂替使用。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。第六段指出:當(dāng)別人持有你的cookie的時(shí)候，問(wèn)題就出來(lái)了

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。根據(jù)題干定位至倒數(shù)第二段:PrivacyEnhancingTechnologies,whichletyoucompleteelectronictransactionsanonymously(PET能讓你匿名完成電子交易)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)。最后一段給出建議:yourbestbetmaybeplainold-lash-ionedvigilance(你最好的辦法就是保持警惕)。

3.單選題

HumidityissointenseinsomepartsofthetropicsthatEuropeansfindthattheyareunableto______it.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maintain

B.persist

C.endure

D.sustain

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。maintain“維持”；persist“堅(jiān)持；持續(xù)”；endure“忍耐，容忍”；sustain“維持，支撐”。句意：熱帶部分地區(qū)的濕度過(guò)于強(qiáng)烈以至于很多歐洲人難以忍受。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpectto_______wonderfulbargainsinthemarket.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pickup

B.bumpinto

C.pileup

D.bringback

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。pickup“買(mǎi)到，獲得”；bumpinto“無(wú)意中遇到，碰到”；pileup“積累，堆放起來(lái)”；bringback“拿回來(lái)”。句意：有些人喜歡在星期天購(gòu)物，因?yàn)樗麄兤诖I(mǎi)到市場(chǎng)上物美價(jià)廉的便宜貨。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.翻譯題

給予最重要的意義并不在于物質(zhì)方面，而尤其在于人性方面。一個(gè)人會(huì)給予另一個(gè)人什么呢？他把自己擁有的最珍貴的東西給予別人，把自己的生命給予別人。這不一定意味著他要為別人而犧牲自己的生命，而是指他把自己身上的存在的東西給予別人，把自己的快樂(lè)、理解、知識(shí)、幽默、哀愁，把他身上存在的所有東西表露和顯現(xiàn)給別人。在他把自己的生命給予別人的同時(shí)，他豐富了別人的生命。通過(guò)提高自己的生存感，他會(huì)提高別人的生存感。他不是為了獲取才給予；給予本身就是一種強(qiáng)烈的快樂(lè)。當(dāng)然，在給予中，他不知不覺(jué)地使別人身上某些東西得到新生，這種新生的東西反過(guò)來(lái)又給他帶來(lái)了新的希望；在真誠(chéng)的給予中，他無(wú)意識(shí)地得到了別人給他的回饋。給予暗示了讓對(duì)方也成為給予者；雙方共同分享他們已使某些東西得到了新生的快樂(lè)。在給予的行為中，某種東西得以新生，而對(duì)于這新生事物，涉及的雙方都充滿感激之情。僅就愛(ài)而言，這意味著愛(ài)是一種能產(chǎn)生愛(ài)的力量；沒(méi)有（這種）力量就不會(huì)產(chǎn)生愛(ài)。

【答案】【參考譯文】

Themostimportantmeaningofgivingdoesnotlieinthematerialaspect,butespeciallyinthehumanaspect.Whatdoesapersongivetoanotherperson?Hegivestoothersthemostpreciousthinghepossesses,giveshislifetoothers.Thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthathesacrificeshislifeforothers,butthathegivestootherswhatexistsinhim,hisjoy,hisunderstanding,hisknowledge,hishumor,hissorrow,allthatisinhimtoshowandmanifest.Ashegiveshislifetoothers,heenrichesthelifeofothers.Byenhancinghisownsenseofbeing,hewouldenhancethesenseofbeingofothers.Hedoesnotgiveinordertoacquire;givingitselfisastrongpleasure.Ofcourse,ingiving,heunwittinglybringssomethingtolifeintheother,andthisnewlifeinturngiveshimnewhope;ingivingsincerely,heunconsciouslyreceiveswhatothersgivebacktohim.Givingimpliesthattheotherpersonbecomesagivertoo;bothpartiessharethejoythattheyhavebroughtsomethingtolife.Intheactofgiving,somethingisborn,andbothpartiesinvolvedaregratefulforthatbirth.Inthecaseoflovealone,thismeansthatloveisaforcethatproduceslove;withoutit,therewillbenolove.

6.單選題

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3000000'sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevisionandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhoistospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor.HedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthemHestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofagesicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthegrowthonship-liftingoffences,somestores,infactaredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemisthatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinantherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999999passengersmuchsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassagelaw-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforthegoods

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessional.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesfromstealingarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofproblemforthestores"

B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattakefromtheshops"

C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所謂的"由偷竊造成的損失",誠(chéng)實(shí)的公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。結(jié)合上文可知"shrinkage"指店內(nèi)行竊案件,所以選項(xiàng)D更準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行竊者可分為三大類:專業(yè)扒手、蓄意的業(yè)余扒手和控制不了盜竊沖動(dòng)的扒手。所以第三類人就是無(wú)法抵擋誘惑的人,選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知：那些禁受不住誘惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵紀(jì)守法的好公民,他們很少是家境貧困的。他們偷東西不是因?yàn)楦恫黄疱X(qián),而是心不在焉拿走東西忘記付錢(qián)了。所以選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤,他們并不貧窮;選項(xiàng)C也表述錯(cuò)誤;選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及;所以只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文句意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤,而選項(xiàng)D正確;根據(jù)第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知選項(xiàng)B正確;根據(jù)四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."這類盜賊并不貧窮,那么言下之意就是人們認(rèn)為盜賊應(yīng)該是貧窮的。所以選項(xiàng)C也正確。只有選項(xiàng)A表述錯(cuò)誤。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."這是由于一小部分人的做法給大多數(shù)無(wú)辜的人帶來(lái)了懲罰和不便的又一個(gè)例子。也就是第一段所說(shuō)的：公眾因此而付出了更高的代價(jià)。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

7.單選題

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”O(jiān)nlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury(從家庭生活向獨(dú)身生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)變是上個(gè)世紀(jì)“不可抗拒的個(gè)人主義勢(shì)頭”的一部分)。故選A(他們受到強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)人主義意識(shí)驅(qū)使)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism(當(dāng)代獨(dú)自生活的這一代人的成長(zhǎng)時(shí)期正是歐洲從社會(huì)民主政治過(guò)渡到更精明、更個(gè)性化的美國(guó)風(fēng)格的資本主義氣候的時(shí)期)。因此B項(xiàng)(接近美國(guó)風(fēng)格的資本主義)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至第三段:Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice(雖然領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的人，特別是老年婦女，在獨(dú)居者中占很大比例，但最新的單身人群是30多歲和40多歲的高收入者，他們?cè)絹?lái)越把獨(dú)居視為一種生活方式選擇),因此選D:最新的單身人群是healthyandwealthy(健康富有)。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Eppendorf定位至最后一段:shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife(她從未想要去做她母親所做的一切一一為了照顧家庭，撫育兒女而放棄事業(yè)。我已做了并一直在做想做的事：過(guò)一種自主的生活)。由此可知,A項(xiàng)(一些現(xiàn)代女性更喜歡個(gè)人自由的生活)正確。

5.作者意圖題。本文主要寫(xiě)的是新一代的年輕人受到社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響越來(lái)越趨向于個(gè)人獨(dú)居生活，尤其是歐洲青年單身化趨勢(shì)的原因。故C項(xiàng)(探討年輕人獨(dú)居趨勢(shì))比較能概括作者的寫(xiě)作目的。

8.單選題

Forthelast20yearsorsothesubjectofglobalwarminghas（）heateddebateamongtheworld’sbrightestminds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spawned

B.injected

C.modeled

D.moved

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在過(guò)去20年左右的時(shí)間里，全球變暖這個(gè)話題在全球最聰明的頭腦中引發(fā)了激烈的辯論。只有選項(xiàng)A有引起的意思，所以正確。

9.單選題

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（）sightonTV.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)panic“恐慌的”；B選項(xiàng)patriotic“愛(ài)國(guó)的”；C選項(xiàng)pathetic“可憐的、悲哀的”；D選項(xiàng)periodic“周期的、定期的”，句意為：一場(chǎng)可怕的交通事故發(fā)生了。人們從電視上看到這悲慘的場(chǎng)面時(shí)都感到很難過(guò)。因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

Clothesplayacriticalroleintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeopleare,whotheyarenot,andwhotheywouldliketobe.Theytellusagooddealaboutthewearer’sbackground,personality,status,moodandsocialoutlook.

Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople’simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.Anelderlymiddle-classmanorwomanmaybealienatedbyayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmanner,regardlessoftheperson’seducation,background,orinterests.

Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.Adolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfit,includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrink.Newscasters,ortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTV,areconsideredtobemoreconvincing,honest,andcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservatively.Andcollegestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfully.Moreover,manyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothesweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweacted.Perhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituation,suchasajobinterview,oracourtappearance.

Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess.Ithasbeenotherwiseforwomen.Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.Maleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplayless“feminine”grooming—shorterhair,moderateuseofmake-up,andplaintailoredclothing.Asonemaleadministratorconfessed,“Anattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterview,butshewon’tgetajob.”

1.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,anelderlymiddle-classmanandanunconventionallydressedyoungmanmaybeunableto______.

2.Theauthorusesthenewscasters’exampletoillustratetheideathat______.

3.Men’sprofessionalclothingcanbestbedescribedas“______”.

4.Whatcanwomendowiththeirprofessionalclothingaccordingtothepassage?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.understandeachother’slifestyle

B.sharethesamebackgroundorinterests

C.manipulatetheirimpressiononeachother

D.entertheinitialphaseofapotentialinteraction

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.certainclothinggivespeoplemoreconfidence

B.clotheshavenothingtodowithone’sabilities

C.wetendtostereotypepeoplebytheirclothes

D.competentpeoplearedressedconventionally

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.conventional

B.individualistic

C.out-of-date

D.undiversified

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theymustbedressedconservatively.

B.Theydon’thaveanexplicitdressingstyletofollow.

C.Theychooseeithermasculineorfeminineclothing.

D.Theycan’twearunconventionaloutfit.5.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.DressingandtheEffect.

B.DressingandPersonality.

C.DressingUpAppropriately.

D.DressingandManagement.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“根據(jù)第二段，一個(gè)上了年紀(jì)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的男人和一個(gè)穿著非常不合常規(guī)的年輕人可能無(wú)法……”。第二段提到Sinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformation,weusethemtomanipulatepeople'simpressionofus.Ourappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccur.（因?yàn)橐路巧鐣?huì)信息的一個(gè)重要來(lái)源，我們用它們來(lái)操縱人們對(duì)我們的印象。我們的外貌在可能發(fā)生的互動(dòng)的最初階段具有特殊的意義。），接著就提到了不管一個(gè)人的教育、背景或興趣，一個(gè)上了年紀(jì)的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)男人或女人可能會(huì)被一個(gè)穿著不合常規(guī)的年輕人疏遠(yuǎn)；由此可知，造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因就是外貌在可能發(fā)生的互動(dòng)的最初階段具有特殊的意義，如果穿著風(fēng)格大相徑庭，那么他們就無(wú)法進(jìn)入潛在相互作用的初始階段，因此，D項(xiàng)“進(jìn)入潛在相互作用的初始階段”正確；A項(xiàng)“理解彼此的生活方式”沒(méi)有提到；B項(xiàng)“有相同的背景或興趣”，這個(gè)不是造成這種現(xiàn)象的結(jié)果；C項(xiàng)“操縱他們對(duì)彼此的印象”，文中提到的是人們用衣服來(lái)操縱他們對(duì)彼此的印象，該項(xiàng)不符合題干。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者用新聞廣播員的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明……”。第三段第一句提到Peopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmean.（人們傾向于對(duì)特定類型的衣服的含義達(dá)成一致），這是該段的中心句，接著后面舉了青春期女孩、新聞廣播員和大學(xué)生的例子來(lái)支持這一觀點(diǎn)，所以C項(xiàng)“我們傾向于對(duì)人的衣著有成見(jiàn)”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“某些衣服能給人更多的自信”只是其中一個(gè)例子；B項(xiàng)“衣服與一個(gè)人的能力無(wú)關(guān)”，該段表達(dá)的中心意思是合適的衣服會(huì)顯得一個(gè)人有能力的樣子，所以該項(xiàng)不正確；D項(xiàng)“有能力的人穿著傳統(tǒng)”順序翻倒，穿著傳統(tǒng)的人會(huì)令人看起來(lái)能干，該項(xiàng)也不正確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“男士職業(yè)裝的最佳描述是……”。第四段提到Intheworkplace,menhavelonghadwell-definedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccess…Thevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformen.（在職場(chǎng)中，男性長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)都有明確的成功先例和榜樣……對(duì)服飾的選擇方面，女性的選擇遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于男性），由此可以推理，男性的職業(yè)裝應(yīng)該是模式化，變化少，所以A項(xiàng)“傳統(tǒng)”最符合這個(gè)描述；B項(xiàng)“個(gè)人主義”和C項(xiàng)“過(guò)時(shí)”不準(zhǔn)確；D項(xiàng)“千篇一律”為干擾項(xiàng)，雖然男性的服裝變化少，但不代表沒(méi)變化。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)這篇文章，女性可以如何處理她們的職業(yè)裝？”。第四段第二句指出Agoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureof“masculine”and“feminine”attributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothing.（商界的許多女性都不確定她們應(yīng)該通過(guò)職業(yè)裝傳達(dá)什么樣的“男性化”和“女性化”特質(zhì)），后文舉例男性管理者傾向于選擇穿著不那么“女性化”的女性擔(dān)任管理崗位，而一位外表吸引人的女性會(huì)獲得更長(zhǎng)的面試時(shí)間但不會(huì)獲得工作；由此可以判斷，女性在職業(yè)裝方面并沒(méi)有明確的風(fēng)格可以去遵循，B項(xiàng)“他們沒(méi)有明確的著裝風(fēng)格可循”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“他們必須穿著保守”太絕對(duì)；C項(xiàng)“他們選擇男性或女性的服裝”表述不準(zhǔn)確；D項(xiàng)“他們不能穿非傳統(tǒng)的服裝”沒(méi)有提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么？”。文章開(kāi)頭講述的是著裝能夠給人提供很多的信息，接著就著裝的不同影響展開(kāi)了論述和舉例，因此A項(xiàng)“著裝和影響”最符合文章的主旨；B項(xiàng)“著裝和個(gè)性”、C項(xiàng)“適當(dāng)?shù)拇虬纭焙虳項(xiàng)“著裝和管理”都比較片面。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

11.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AWashington-basedthinktankhasbeensolicitingcritiquesofthejust-releasedinternationalassessmentoftheevidenceonclimatechange,amovethatpromptedsomeacademicsandenvironmentaliststoaccusethegroupofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceforglobalwarming.

AdvocacygroupssuchasGreenpeaceandthePublicInterestResearchGroupquestionedwhytheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute(AEI)hasoffered$10,000toacademicswillingtocontributetoabookonclimate—changepolicy,anoverturethatwasfirstreportedFridayinLondon’sGuardiannewspaper.

GreenpeacespokeswomanJaneKochersperger,whonotedthatAEIhasreceivedfundingfromExxonMobilinrecentyears,saidyesterdaythatthethinktank“hasclearlyhitanewlow…whenit’sthrowingoutcashawardsundertherubricof‘reason’tocreateconfusiononthestatusofclimatescience.AmericansarestillsufferingtheimpactsofHurricaneKatrina,andit’sclearlytimeforpolicymakersonbothsidesoftheaisletotakesubstantiveactiononglobalwarmingandignoreExxonMobil’sdisinformationcampaignviaclimateskeptics.”

AEIvisitingscholarKennethGreen—oneoftworesearcherswhohassoughttocommissionthecritiques—saidinaninterviewthathisgroupisexaminingthepolicydebateonglobalwarming,notthescience.

“It’scompletelypolicy-oriented,”saidGreen,addingthatathirdoftheacademicsAEIsolicitedfortheprojectareinterestedinparticipating.“Somebodywantstodistortthis.”

InJuly2006,GreenandAEIresidentscholarStevenF.Hayward—bothofwhomhavequestionedtheneedforcapsonemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming—startedsolicitingessaysfromacademicsonthethen-upcomingreportonglobalwarmingbytheU.N.—sponsoredIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Thesurvey’sauthors,whohailfrommorethan100countries,saidintheirreportFridaythattheyareatleast90percentcertainthathumanactivityaccountedforclimatechangeoverthepast50years.

“ThepurposeoftheprojectistohighlightthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheIPCCprocess,especiallyasitbearsonpolicyresponsestoclimatechange,”thetwomenwrote.“Aswithanylarge-scale‘consensus’process,theIPCCissusceptibletoself-selectionbiasinitspersonnel,resistanttoreasonablecriticismanddissent,andlikelytohavesummaryconclusionsthatarepoorlysupportedbytheanalyticalworkofthecompleteWorkingGroupreports.”

Atleasttwoacademics—TexasA&MUniversityatmosphericsciencesprofessorGeraldNorthandTexasA&MclimateresearcherStevenSchroeder—turneddownAEI’sofferbecausetheyfearedtheirworkwouldbepoliticized.

Schroeder,whohasworkedwithGreeninthepastandhasquestionedsomeaspectsoftraditionalclimatemodeling,saidinaninterviewthathedidnotthinkAEIwouldhaveskewedhisresults.Butheaddedthatheworriedhiscontributionmighthavebeenpublishedalongside“off-the-wallideas”questioningtheexistenceofglobalwarming.

“Weworriedourworkcouldbemisusedevenifweproducedareasonablereport,”Schroedersaid.“Whileanyhumanendeavorcanbecriticized,theIPCCsystemgreatlyexceedsthecooperation,opennessandscientificrigorousnessoftheprocessappliedtoanyotherproblemareathathassignificanteffectsonsociety.”

41.Theword“commission”inthefourthparagraphcanbebestreplacedby（）.

42.Someacademicsandenvironmentalistsaccuse（）ofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceofglobalwarming.

43.Advocacygroupsinclude（）.

44.JaneKocherspergeris（）.

45.KennethGreenbelieves（）.

46.Thebesttitleforthis