考研考博-英語-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津師范大學(xué)津沽學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.

Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatuses,andallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.

Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoose,styleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefamerorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoo,comereadymade,andtherangeofchoice,amongthemislimited.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses（）.

3.Theword"appraisal"inparagraph2mostprobablymeans（）.

4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto（）.

5.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesefarmerorthatofaHinduprince”(Para.3),thewritermeans（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makefriendswithotherpeople

B.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjob

C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituations

D.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.inordertobetteridentifyothers

B.astheirmentalprocesseschange

C.asthesituationchange

D.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.involvement

B.assessment

C.appreciation

D.presentation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.constantmentalprocess

B.selectingone’sownstatus

C.curiosityofotherpeople'sstatuses

D.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriately

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothes

B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterations

C.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited

D.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothes

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文第一段首句“Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe‘fit’insociety.地位是人類不可思議的發(fā)明，它使我們能夠彼此和睦相處,并決定我們在社會中‘適當(dāng)?shù)摹恢谩！币簿褪钦f，在與他人相處時(shí)舉止得體，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的一二句“Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,ataveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.我們所假定的身份常常隨著我們遇到的人而變化，并且在一生中不斷變化。我們大多數(shù)人都能以非常快的速度假定各種情況所需要的狀態(tài)?！币簿褪钦f，人們所假定的身份隨著外部環(huán)境的改變而發(fā)生改變。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.語義推斷題。A選項(xiàng)involvement“牽連，包含”；B選項(xiàng)assessment“評定，估價(jià)”；C選項(xiàng)appreciation“欣賞，鑒別”；D選項(xiàng)presentation“描述，介紹”。根據(jù)原文句意：這意味著我們的行為與其他人的行為相適應(yīng)是建立在對他人的評價(jià)和解釋這種持續(xù)的心理過程之上的。由此可知，appraisal指評估，判斷，所以選項(xiàng)B與之意思相近。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段的最后一句話可知，這里的it指的是前半句提到的“thetask”，而“thetask”指代的是上文提到的fitouractionstothoseofotherpeople。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

5.作者意圖題。結(jié)合原文內(nèi)容可知，作者通過將身份比作衣服，說明身份像衣服一樣，受到社會的限制，選擇的范圍有限。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

2.單選題

Herinterestingrowingflowerskepther（

）forthewholeweek.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.occupational

B.occupant

C.preoccupied

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)occupational“職業(yè)的”；B選項(xiàng)occupant“居住者”；C選項(xiàng)preoccupied“全神貫注的”；D選項(xiàng)occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”。由題干“對種花很感興趣”才會使得她忙碌整個(gè)星期，occupied“忙碌的；已占用的”符合題意。句意為：她對種花很有興趣，這使她整整忙碌了一個(gè)星期。故正確答案選D。

3.單選題

Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.TheUniversityofOklahoma,theUniversityofGeorgia,andTaiwan’sNationalChengchiUniversityeachindependentlyconductedalarge-scaleanalysisofsuchprograms.Allthreeteamsofscholarsconcludedthatcreativitytrainingcanhaveastrongeffect.“Creativitycanbetaught.”saysJamesC.Kaufman,professoratCaliforniaStateUniversity,SanBernardino.

What’scommonaboutsuccessfulprogramsistheyalternatemaximumdivergentthinkingwithboutsofintenseconvergentthinking,throughseveralstages.Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.

SowhatdoesthismeanforAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschools?Thekeyisinhowkidsworkthroughthevastcatalogofinformation.ConsidertheNationalInventorsHallofFameSchool,anewpublicmiddleschoolinAkron,Ohio.MindfulofOhio’scurriculumrequirements,theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.

Workinginsmallteams,thefifthgradersfirstengagedinwhatcreativitytheoristDonaldTreffingerdescribesasfact-finding.Howdoessoundtravelthroughmaterials?Whatmaterialsreducenoisethemost?Then,problemfinding—anticipatingallpotentialpitfallssotheirdesignsaremorelikelytowork.Next,idea-findinggenerateasmanyideasaspossible.Drapes,plants,orlargekiteshungfromtheceilingwouldallbafflesound.Or,insteadofreducingthesound,maybemaskitbyplayingthesoundofgentlewaterfall?Aproposalfordouble-panedglassevolvedintoanideatofillthespacebetweenpaneswithwater.Next,solution-finding:whichideaswerethemosteffective,cheapest,andaestheticallypleasing?Fiberglassabsorbedsoundthebestbutwouldn’tbesafe.Wouldanaquariumwithfishbeeasierthanwater-filledpanes?

Thenteamsdevelopedaplanofaction.Theybuiltscalemodelsandchosefabricsamples.Theyrealizedthey’dneedtopersuadeajanitortocarefortheplantsandfishduringvacation.Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.

51.Thegoodnewsaboutthethreeteams’conclusionisthat______.

52.Accordingtothepassagetheimprovementofdivergentandconvergentthinkingtakeplace______.

53.ThesubjectsoftheprojectinanAmerica’sstandards-obsessedschoolare______.

54.Accordingtotheauthor,theteamsintheschoolprojecthavegonethroughthefollowingstepsexcept______.

55.WhatwasindicatedfromthetactthattheteamspresenteddesignstoJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.large-scaleanalysishasbeenconducted

B.threeuniversitiesallreachedtheirconclusions

C.creativetrainingcoincidewithnewscienceworks

D.creativetrainingcanbestronglyaffected

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.indifferentstages

B.duringexperiment

C.onweekendworkshop

D.inroutineworkorschool

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefifthgraders

B.thescientists

C.thewindows

D.theproposals

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.findingfacts

B.findingplans

C.findingideas

D.findingsolutions

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theteamsneedtomakeaconsultation.

B.Theteamswouldliketopersuadehim.

C.Thedesignsoftheteamsreachedahighlevel.

D.Thedesignsoftheteamsgothissupport.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“關(guān)于這三個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的結(jié)論，好消息是什么？”。從第一段Thegoodnewsisthatcreativitytrainingthatalignswiththenewscienceworkssurprisinglywell.（好消息是與技術(shù)學(xué)結(jié)盟的創(chuàng)造性訓(xùn)練效果出乎意料的好）和后面三個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)得出的結(jié)論Creativitycanbetaught.（創(chuàng)造力可以被教授），可以得出關(guān)于這三個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的結(jié)論的好消息是創(chuàng)造性訓(xùn)練與新的科技相吻合；A選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)行了大規(guī)模分析”和B選項(xiàng)“三個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)都得出了結(jié)論”不是關(guān)于結(jié)論的好消息，D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造力能夠被強(qiáng)烈的影響”不夠具體，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干的意思是“分散和聚合思維發(fā)生在哪里？”。第二段提到Realimprovementdoesn’thappeninaweekendworkshop.Butwhenappliedtotheeverydayprocessofworkorschool,brainfunctionimproves.（真正的進(jìn)步不會發(fā)生在周末的研討會上。但如果應(yīng)用到日常工作或?qū)W習(xí)過程中，大腦功能就會得到提高）；由此推斷分散和聚合思維發(fā)生在日常工作和學(xué)習(xí)中，A項(xiàng)“不同階段”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“實(shí)驗(yàn)中”包括在學(xué)校工作里面；C項(xiàng)“周末研討會”錯(cuò)誤。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

53.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干的意思是“課題的主題是什么？”。第三段提到theschool’steacherscameupwithaprojectforthefifthgraders:figureouthowtoreducethenoiseinthelibrary.Itswindowsfacedapublicspaceand,evenwhenclosed,letthroughtoomuchnoise.Thestudentshadfourweekstodesignproposals.（學(xué)校的老師們給五年級的學(xué)生們提出了一個(gè)課題：如何減少圖書館的噪音。它的窗戶面向公共空間，即使關(guān)上了仍然有很大的噪音。學(xué)生們有四周的時(shí)間來設(shè)計(jì)方案）；由此可知課題是就如何減少圖書館的噪音做方案。A項(xiàng)是“五年級”，B項(xiàng)是“科學(xué)家”，C項(xiàng)是“窗戶”，D項(xiàng)是“方案”；因此D項(xiàng)正確。

54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“根據(jù)作者，在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，五年級學(xué)生團(tuán)隊(duì)做以下幾個(gè)步驟除了……以外？”。第四段講述的都是五年級團(tuán)隊(duì)為這個(gè)項(xiàng)目所做的一些行動，文中提到了fact-finding,problem-finding,idea-finding和solution-finding，由此可知只有B項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)計(jì)劃”沒有提到，所以此題選B選項(xiàng)。

55.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干的意思是“小組把設(shè)計(jì)方案提交給JimWest暗示了什么？”。最后一段指出Teamspersuadedotherstosupportthem—sometimessowell,teamsdecidedtocombineprojects.Finally,theypresenteddesignstoteachers,parents,andJimWest,inventoroftheelectricmicrophone.（團(tuán)隊(duì)說服了其他團(tuán)隊(duì)支持他們，有時(shí)候情況好到各團(tuán)隊(duì)決定把設(shè)計(jì)方案結(jié)合在一起；最后，他們向老師、家長和電子麥克風(fēng)的發(fā)明者吉姆?韋斯特（JimWest）展示了設(shè)計(jì)方案），可以推測，他們是想要咨詢老師，父母和JimWest的意見，B項(xiàng)“團(tuán)隊(duì)說服了Jim”、C項(xiàng)“設(shè)計(jì)方案達(dá)到了更高的級別”和D項(xiàng)“團(tuán)隊(duì)得到了Jim的支持”均未提到。因此此題選A選項(xiàng)。

4.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositionofabout200wordsonthefollowingtopic.RemembertowriteyourcompositiononANSWERSHEETII.

“MyViewsaboutAmbitionMakesaMan”

【答案】略

5.單選題

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“l(fā)azy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.（根據(jù)柏林自由大學(xué)蘭道夫?門澤爾教授的最新研究，蜜蜂廣為流傳的終極辛勤工作者形象是不準(zhǔn)確的。），說明最新研究表明人們之前對蜜蜂的印象是不準(zhǔn)確的。因此C選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂本性的認(rèn)識”正確。A選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)我們對蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識”，B選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)了我們對蜜蜂之間關(guān)系的認(rèn)識”，本文討論的不是蜜蜂之間的關(guān)系，所以A,B錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“證實(shí)了我們對蜜蜂本性的認(rèn)識”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、記憶力和快速學(xué)習(xí)能力來彌補(bǔ)它們明顯的懶惰。），說明蘭道夫?門澤爾教授不同意蜜蜂很勤勞的觀點(diǎn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂是勤勞的”正確。B選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂的學(xué)習(xí)能力很強(qiáng)”，C選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂有高智商”，D選項(xiàng)“蜜蜂有良好的記憶力”都是教授認(rèn)同的蜜蜂的優(yōu)勢，所以B,C,D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（英國養(yǎng)蜂人協(xié)會的主席格林?戴維斯說，蜜蜂不是懶惰而是有效率……也許人類應(yīng)該向它們學(xué)習(xí)，而不是像無頭雞一樣跑來跑去。），說明格林?戴維斯認(rèn)為人類應(yīng)該向蜜蜂學(xué)習(xí)如何提高工作效率。因此D選項(xiàng)“如何提高工作的效率”正確。A選項(xiàng)“如何更快地工作”，B選項(xiàng)“如何活得更久”，C選項(xiàng)“如何相互合作”在文中均沒有提及，所以A,B,C錯(cuò)誤。

4.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy（也許與德國的工作效率相比，蜜蜂確實(shí)看起來很懶），說明德國人很忙碌，工作很勤奮，蜜蜂和其對比起來就顯得比較懶惰。因此B選項(xiàng)“非常忙碌和努力工作”正確。A選項(xiàng)“容易受到民族性格的影響”，原文說的是門澤爾教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影響，而不是說德國人，所以A錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“與蜜蜂有許多共同之處”，D選項(xiàng)“傾向于看不起懶惰的人”在文中沒有提及，所以C,D錯(cuò)誤。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，雖然有最新研究的結(jié)果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奮的形象還是很難改變，最后用IBM的廣告舉例表明人們?nèi)匀缓艹绨菝鄯淝趭^的特性。因此A選項(xiàng)“顯示了忙碌的蜜蜂這一觀念的流行”正確。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)了忙碌的蜜蜂的負(fù)面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一種負(fù)面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“引發(fā)公眾對忙碌的蜜蜂形象的討論”，原文沒有描述其引發(fā)的討論，所以C錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“質(zhì)疑忙碌的蜜蜂與人類的比較”，原文沒有質(zhì)疑，所以D錯(cuò)誤。

6.單選題

Whendustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion,theydonot_______formanyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dismiss

B.disguise

C.disgrace

D.disperse

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“dismiss”意為“解散；解雇；開除；讓……離開；不予理會”；B選項(xiàng)“disguise”意為“掩飾；假裝；隱瞞”；C選項(xiàng)“disgrace”意為“使……失寵；給……丟臉；使……蒙受恥辱”；D選項(xiàng)“disperse”意為“分散；使散開；傳播”。句意：當(dāng)天空中的塵埃處于沒有空氣流動的高度時(shí)，它們要很多年才會消散。由題干可知，dustsintheskyareatlevelswherelittleairisinmotion（天空中的塵埃處于沒有空氣流動的高度），沒有空氣流動塵埃自然也不能飄動，所以要等很多年塵埃才能消散。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Trafficroutes.

B.Adrivingtest.

C.Avideogame.

D.Cargologistics.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Hefounditinstructiveandrealistic.

B.Heintroducedittohisbrotherlastyear.

C.Hewasreallydrawntoitsotherversions.

D.HeboughtitwhentouringEurope.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thekeyroleofthelogisticsindustry.

B.Thedetailsinthedrivingsimulator.

C.Drivingfromonecitytoanother.

D.Travelingalloverthecountry.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Strictertrafficrules.

B.Morepeopledrivingsafely.

C.Clearerroadsigns.

D.Moreself-drivingtrucksontheroad.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:Thisisunbelievable![1]UnlikeanyvideogameI’veeverplayedbefore,it’ssoboringyetsorelaxingatthesametime.Howdidyouhearaboutthisdrivingsimulator?

M:Mybrotherintroducedittomelastyear.[2]Iwassurprisedtofindhoweducationalandrealisticitwas.It’scalledEuroTruckSimulator,buttheyhaveotherversionsaswellforAmericaandsoon.Iwasreallydrawntothescenery.Theroutesgothroughpartsofthecountryyoudon’tnormallyseeasatourist.

W:Yeah,Icanseethat.Itseemedsosimple,justtransportingcargofrompointAtopointB,drivingfromonecitytoanother.[3]ButIreallyappreciateallthedetailsthatgointothegame.It’sevengivenmeanewappreciationforthelogisticsindustryandtrafficontheroad.

M:Icompletelyagree.Mybrotheralsointroducedmetosomevideosofsomeonethatstreamedtheirgameonline.Itwasfascinatingtowatchreally.Thisguydroveverycarefully,obeyedalltheroadsignsandtrafficrules.Suchacontrasttomostviolentgames!

W:Honestly,playinghasinspiredmetolookintotheindustrymore.I’vereadarticlesabouthowself-drivingtrucksmaysoonbeavailableandcouldgreatlyimpactcargologistics.Consideringallthatgoesintodrivingtheselargervehicles,it’samazingthatwecouldsoonhavethatkindoftechnology.

M:Ha,I’vegoneonestepfurther.Iregisteredtotakeasafe-drivingcoursetoimprovemyreal-lifedrivingskills.Inaway,IfeellikeIhaveaheadstartcomparedtootherstudentsintheclass.Playingthisvideogamehasgivenmesomemaneuveringpracticesalready.

W:I’mnotsurehowaccuratethevideogameiscomparedtoreal-lifesituations.[4]Butifitresultsinmoredriverslookingbothwaysbeforeenteringanintersection,I’dsaythat’sapositiveoutcome.

1.What’rethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問的是兩位說話人正在談?wù)摰闹黝}。對話開頭女士便說道：“這和我以前玩的任何一款電子游戲都不一樣”（UnlikeanyvideogameI’veeverplayedbefore...），接下來的對話也都是圍繞著一款電子游戲（videogame）進(jìn)行展開，因此C選項(xiàng)“電子游戲”正確。A選項(xiàng)“交通路線”和D選項(xiàng)“貨物物流”只是與這款游戲的具體內(nèi)容和設(shè)置有關(guān)，不是說話人談?wù)摰闹黝}；B選項(xiàng)“駕駛考試”也只是談話中提到的部分內(nèi)容，不是談話主題，因此排除。

2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthedrivingsimulator?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問關(guān)于這款駕駛模擬游戲，男士說了什么？錄音中男士提到他驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)這款游戲既有教育意義（educational），場景又逼真（realistic），A選項(xiàng)中的instructive“富有教育意義的”是對錄音中educational的同義替換，而realistic是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“去年他把它（這款游戲）介紹給了他的兄弟”與錄音表述恰好相反，應(yīng)該是男士的兄弟將這款游戲介紹給了他，因此B選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“他真的被其他版本吸引住了”主要是利用otherversions設(shè)置干擾，選擇主要是錯(cuò)在“drawn（吸引）”一詞，這一信息錄音并沒有提及，因此C選項(xiàng)排除；D選項(xiàng)“這是他在歐洲旅行時(shí)買的”在錄音中沒有提及，因此也可排除。

3.Whatdoesthewomansayshereallyappreciates?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士說她真正欣賞這款游戲的哪一點(diǎn)？錄音中女士明確表示，她真的很喜歡這款游戲中的所有細(xì)節(jié)，因此B選項(xiàng)“駕駛模擬游戲中的細(xì)節(jié)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“物流業(yè)的關(guān)鍵作用”，錄音中只是提及這款游戲讓女士對物流業(yè)和道路交通有了全新的認(rèn)識，并不是女士真正欣賞的地方，因此A選項(xiàng)與題干不符；C選項(xiàng)“從一個(gè)城市開車到另一個(gè)城市”是女士對游戲內(nèi)容的描述，與題干不符；D選項(xiàng)“游遍全國”在錄音中沒有信息表明，因此排除。

4.Whatoutcomedoesthewomanexpectfromthedrivingsimulator?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問女士期望這款模擬駕駛游戲能帶來什么樣的結(jié)果？對話最后，女士說：“如果這款游戲能讓更多的司機(jī)在進(jìn)入十字路口時(shí)多往兩邊看一眼，那么我會說這是一個(gè)積極的結(jié)果?！庇纱丝芍?，女士希望這款游戲能夠讓更多的司機(jī)在開車時(shí)多注意交通安全，B選項(xiàng)“更多的人安全駕駛”與錄音表述的內(nèi)容相符，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“更嚴(yán)格的交通規(guī)則”，女士只是說希望開車的人能自覺注意交通安全，并未提及制定嚴(yán)格的交通規(guī)則，因此不正確；C選項(xiàng)“更清楚的路標(biāo)”在錄音中沒有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“路上出現(xiàn)更多的自動駕駛卡車”是女士所讀過的文章中的觀點(diǎn)，并不是女士所期望的結(jié)果，因此不正確。

8.單選題

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指退休，只有選項(xiàng)B符合要求。

9.翻譯題

WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggishnationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

Firstandforemost,theWestshouldrelearnthevirtueofpragmatism.Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnatingundertheirownpolitico-economicideologies—MarxisminChina,NehruviansocialisminIndiarespectively.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,neitherChinanorIndiathrewtheproverbialbabyoutwiththebathwater—instead,theybalancedcapitalismwithjudiciousgovernmentdirection.

ContrastthislevelheadedmiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways—andwhoseutterlackofpragmatismhelpedprecipitatetheglobalfinancialcrisis.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyinfatuatedwiththeideologyofunfetteredfreemarketsanddismissiveoftheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sdictumthat“government”isnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”

Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap;thebeliefthatEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldcontinueborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.

JustasAmericansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlyraisetaxes,theEuropeansneedtolearnhowtointelligentlycutexpenditures—achallengethatAsianeconomiesweretaughttosurmountbytheirownpastcrises.

【答案】西方那些負(fù)債累累、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的國家應(yīng)該向蒸蒸日上的亞洲學(xué)習(xí)些什么？

第一點(diǎn)也是最重要的一點(diǎn)，西方應(yīng)當(dāng)重新認(rèn)識實(shí)用主義的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。幾十年前，亞洲的兩大巨頭在各自錯(cuò)誤的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)意識形態(tài)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，均出現(xiàn)社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯不前的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r：即馬克思主義的中國化和尼赫魯在印度推行社會主義制度。

然而，自從中國20世紀(jì)80年代迎來自由市場的改革，緊接著是印度在20世紀(jì)90年代的改革，這兩個(gè)國家都實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展。重要的是，當(dāng)他們打開國門，開始拓展本國市場，中國和印度并未把有口皆碑尚在襁褓中發(fā)育的嬰兒與其洗澡水一同扔掉，而是讓資本主義道路與政府所指引的發(fā)展道路相得益彰，得以均衡發(fā)展。

與這種冷靜明智的中間道路形成對比的是美國和歐洲，它們都過度受制于自己的意識形態(tài)，這種完全缺乏實(shí)用主義的情況是導(dǎo)致全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)長期化的一個(gè)因素。自20世紀(jì)80年代以來，美國越來越被不受任何干預(yù)的自由市場的意識形態(tài)沖昏頭腦，對政府干預(yù)持排斥立場。正如羅納德?里根所言“政府并不是解決問題的途徑；政府本身才是問題所在?！?/p>

與此同時(shí)，歐洲已經(jīng)陷入另一種意識形態(tài)之中而不可自拔：他們相信歐洲政府總是有無窮無盡的資源，可以不斷地去借貸，仿佛沒有未來一樣。

正如美國人需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地增稅一樣，歐洲人也需要學(xué)習(xí)如何明智地削減開支——這一舉措可以讓亞洲國家學(xué)會如何克服過去自身的危機(jī)，取得成就。

10.單選題

Hewassopoorthathehad（）thanonehundreddollars.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.noless

B.notless

C.nomore

D.notmore

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。nomorethan意為“至多，僅僅”。句意“他窮到僅僅只有一百美元?！边x項(xiàng)C符合句意。

11.單選題

AlltheproductsmadeinChinaaresoldanddistributedin（）withtheU.S.ExportAdministrationRegulationsandalsolocalcountryrules.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compliance

B.prosperity

C.merchandise

D.intersection

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。incompliancewith為固定搭配，意為“依從，按照”。

12.單選題

IV.CriminalLaw

Tworecenteventshavebroughtmoreattentiontothisproblem.OneinvolvesthedecisionnottochargeNBCanchorDavidGregorywithweapons—lawviolationsbearingapotentialyear-longsentence—forbrandishinga30-roundmagazine(彈夾)(illegalinD.C.),despitetheprosecutor’sstatementthattheon-airviolationwasclear;theotherinvolvesprosecutors’ratherenthusiasticeffortstoprosecuteReddit(一個(gè)社會化新聞網(wǎng)站)founderAaronSwartzfordownloadingacademicjournalarticlesfromacloseddatabase,prosecutorialeffortssoenthusiasticthatSwartzcommittedsuicideinthefaceofapotential50-yearsentence.

Bothcaseshavearousedcriticism,andinSwartz’scaseevenlegislationdesignedtoensurethatviolatingwebsites’termscannotbeprosecutedasacrime.Buttheproblemismuchbroader.Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare,inRobertJackson’s(原美國司法部長，后任最高法院法官)words,aperson“heshouldget.”

AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa(特蕾莎修女——諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者),orJohnLennon(約翰?列儂——披頭士樂隊(duì)成員)—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield:Crimeslike‘falsestatements’(afelony,uptofiveyears),‘obstructingthemails’(fiveyears),or‘falsepretensesonthehighseas’(alsofiveyears).Thetrickandtheskilllayinfindingthemoreobscureoffensesthatfitthecharacterofthecelebrityandcarriedthetoughestsentences.The,result,however,wasinevitable:‘prisontime.’”

WithsomanymorefederallawsandregulationsthanwerepresentinJackson’sday,thetaskforprosecutorsoffirstchoosingtheman—orwoman—andthenpinningthecrimeonhimorherhasbecomemucheasier.

Theupshotofcommentisthattheproliferationoffederalcriminalstatutesandregulationshasreachedthepointthatvirtuallyeverycitizen,knowinglyornot(usuallynot)ispotentiallyatriskforprosecution.Thatisundoubtedlytrue,andtheconsequencesaredrasticandtroubling.

63.Withthetwoexamplesinthe1stparagraph,theauthorwantstoshowthat___.

64.Whatistheproblemtheauthorthinksreferredtointhe2ndparagraph?

65.ThegamedescribedbyTimWuinthe3rdparagraphis___.

66.Theaboveparagraphsshowthattheauthoris___withthesituationintheUS.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.brandishingmagazineisnotasseriousasdownloadingthousandsofacademicarticles.

B.prosecutorshavelargediscretioninprosecutingpeople.

C.prosecutorsindifferentplaceshavedifferentstandardofprosecution.

D.AaronSwartzcommittedsuicidebecausehedidnotwanttobeintheprison.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lackoflegislationforviolatingwebsites’terms.

B.AnyAmericanisatriskofprosecution.

C.Toomanylegislationandregulationthatexisttoday.

D.Prosecutors’discretiontochargeindividualswithcrimeamplifiedbyhugenumberoflaws.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usedinsomeplacestotrainjuniorprosecutors

B.findingoutwhatcrimeMotherTeresacouldcommit

C.findingoutwhatcrimeJohnLennoncouldcommit

D.ordinarycrimesdonotfiteitherMotherTeresaorJohnLennon

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.satisfied

B.ataloss

C.worried

D.concerned

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。第一段提到兩個(gè)例子，第一是主播大衛(wèi)?格雷戈里在直播中有非法舉動，但是檢察官決定不起訴他，第二個(gè)例子是Reddit創(chuàng)始人艾倫?斯沃茨，他從一個(gè)封閉的數(shù)據(jù)庫中下載學(xué)術(shù)期刊文章，檢察官決定起訴他，艾倫?斯沃茨在面臨可能50年監(jiān)禁的情況下自殺了，結(jié)合第二段所提到的內(nèi)容virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（事實(shí)上，只要檢察官認(rèn)定，任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知第一段所舉的兩個(gè)例子是想表明檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選B選項(xiàng)“檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的自由裁量權(quán)”；A選項(xiàng)“炫耀雜志并不像下載成千上萬的學(xué)術(shù)文章那么嚴(yán)肅”和C選項(xiàng)“不同地方的檢察官有不同的起訴標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”原文未提及；D選項(xiàng)“艾倫?斯沃茨自殺了，因?yàn)樗幌氪诒O(jiān)獄里”雖然原文提及，但是只是一個(gè)例子中的一個(gè)方面，并不能概括作者舉兩個(gè)例子的意圖。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

64.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段Giventhevastweboflegislationandregulationthatexiststoday,virtuallyanyAmericanisatriskofprosecutionshouldaprosecutordecidethattheyare（鑒于目前存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如果檢察官認(rèn)定，幾乎任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知作者在這里想表明的問題是檢察官在起訴人時(shí)有很大的權(quán)利，很自由，選D選項(xiàng)“檢察官對被大量法律放大的犯罪指控個(gè)人的自由裁量權(quán)”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“缺乏違反網(wǎng)站條款的法律”錯(cuò)誤，原文提到了“存在的龐大的法律法規(guī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，A選項(xiàng)和原文相悖；B選項(xiàng)“任何美國人都有被起訴的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”以及C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在有太多的立法和法規(guī)”并不是第二段提出的主要問題，第二段主要想強(qiáng)調(diào)檢察官的權(quán)利。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

65.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵字“TimWu”定位到原文第三段AsTimWurecountedin2007,apopulargameintheU.S.Attorney’sofficeintheSouthernDistrictofNewYorkwastonameafamousperson—MotherTeresa,orJohnLennon—anddecidehowtheycouldbeprosecuted:“Itwouldthenbeuptothejuniorprosecutorstofigureoutaplausiblecrimeforwhichtoindicthimorher.Thecrimeswerenotusuallyrape,murder,orothercrimesyou’dseeonaTVshowbutrathertheincrediblybroadyetobscurecrimesthatpopulatetheU.S.Codelikeakindofjurisprudentialminefield…”（正如蒂姆?吳2007年所述，在紐約南區(qū)的美國檢察官辦公室里，一個(gè)流行的游戲是給一個(gè)名人起名——特雷莎修女，或者約翰?列儂并決定如何起訴他們：“然后由初級檢察官找出一個(gè)合理的罪名