考研考博-英語-中南財經(jīng)政法大學考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中南財經(jīng)政法大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.Inasmall,homogeneous,simplesociety,thesesocialcontrolscanbeimposedandenforcedbythefamilyorclan.Butinalarge,heterogeneouscomplexsociety,theinstitutionofgovernmenttakesoverthisfunction.

Forpurposesofanalysis,socialcontrolmaybedividedintomoralcontrolandpoliticalcontrol.Moralcontrolderivesfromtheinternalizedbeliefsandvaluesofasocietyandregulations,eachindividual’sbehaviorwithouttheuseofoutsideenforcement.Politicalcontroldoesinvolveenforcementfromtheoutsidesincetheindividualisnotalwayscertainthattheruleheisfollowingisjustandright.Hefollowsittoconform,toavoidpunishment,ortoreceivesocialrewards.

Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.Inaddition,awidediscrepancybetweenmoralandpoliticalcontrolwillresultinaconditionofgenerallawlessness.SuchaconditionhasoccurredintheUnitedStatesonseveraloccasionsandisnowevidentamongsomegroupsofsocietyaccordingto“TheRootsofLawlessness”byhistorianHenrySteeleCommander.

Government,amajorsocialinstitution,maybeviewedasasetofproceduresbywhichasocietyrealizesagoodportionofitsgoals.Governmentisfurtheruniqueasaninstitutionbecauseitservestoreinforcethefunctionofotherinstitutions.Thus,individualsviolatingtherulesandregulationoftheeconomic,educational,orfamilyinstitutionsmustultimatelyfacethepunitivepowerofgovernment.

1.Aconditioncharacterizedbytheabsenceofsocialorganizationandsocialcontrol,andbythebeliefthatpoliticalauthorityisunnecessaryis（）.

2.Theinternalizedformofsocialcontrolis（）.

3.Legitimatepowerrightfullyexercisediscalled（）.

4.WhichstatementisNOTcorrect?

問題1選項

A.moralcontrol

B.politicalpower

C.anarchy

D.authority

問題2選項

A.commitment

B.power

C.authority

D.government

問題3選項

A.authority

B.charisma

C.legitimacy

D.morality

問題4選項

A.Politicalcontrolmustoccasionallybecontrolledbyanoutsideforce.

B.Politicalcontrolcanexistwithoutmoralcontrolinasociety.

C.Politicalcontrolreinforcemoralcontrol.

D.Politicalcontrolemanatesfromwithin.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段第一句“Governmentisaninstitutionresultingfromman’sgroupwayoflifewhichmaintainsasetofsocialcontrolsinordertopreventchaos.”政府是人類群體生活方式所產(chǎn)生的機構(gòu),它維持著一系列的社會控制以防止混亂。反過來說,缺乏社會組織和社會控制,認為政治權(quán)威是不必要的,是無政府的狀態(tài)。所以選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知,社會控制的內(nèi)在化形式是政府。選項D正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段第一句“Politicalcontrolisanoutgrowthofmoralcontrol,anditseffectivenessdependsonthewillingnessofthemembersofsocietytoacceptthegovernment’sauthorityasjustandright.”政治控制是道德控制的產(chǎn)物,它的有效性取決于社會成員是否愿意把政府的權(quán)威看作是正當?shù)暮驼x的東西。所以正當行使合法權(quán)力被稱為權(quán)威。選項A正確。

4.根據(jù)第三段第二句“Agovernmentthatisforcedtocoerceorthreatenmostofitsmembersintoacceptingpoliticalcontrolnotbackedwithmoralcontrolwillnotsurvivelong.”被迫威逼大多數(shù)成員接受沒有道德控制支持的政治控制的政府不會長久。也就是說,政治控制不能在沒有道德控制的社會中存在。選項B與之剛好相反,所以不正確。

2.單選題

Loveisloveanddeathisdeath,foraSouthAfricanBushmanandaFrenchsurrealistalike.Sothethemesofliteraturehaveatonceaninfinitevarietyandanabidingconstancy.

問題1選項

A.continuing

B.refraining

C.interchanging

D.corresponding

【答案】A

【解析】句意：愛就是愛，死就是死，對于南非的布什曼人和法國的超現(xiàn)實主義者來說都是如此。因此，文學的主題既具有無限的多樣性，又具有……的穩(wěn)定性。A選項continuing“繼續(xù)的；持續(xù)的”；B選項refraining“克制的”；C選項interchanging“交換的”；D選項corresponding“相當?shù)?；相應的”?！皭劬褪菒郏谰褪撬馈眰鬟f的是一種永恒的穩(wěn)定性，因此abiding詞義應與“永恒的”相關(guān)，因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830sthroughtheearly1890s.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880s,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepacking-housesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatafromthe1880sandtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeareinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880sandcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880s,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.

Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,lesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers——thegiantyardsandtheintricateplantsthanoftheunityandvibrancy(活躍)oftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunityonChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe“socialmovement”(inthelastparagraph)generatedbyChicago’sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880swereinfluencedby（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto（）.

問題1選項

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers’roleinthenationallabormovement

問題2選項

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.socialworkers

C.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

問題3選項

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.suggestthehistory’slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

問題4選項

A.theworkers’determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepacking-houses

C.theworkers’abilitytoperformtheindustry’scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880s

問題5選項

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistorydiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderminethepremisesofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(這個作品忽視了十九世紀八十年代是美國勞工歷史上重要時期的事實和肉類加工工人的努力是美國全國性勞工改革運動的一部分)以及第三段指出:Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations(作者對肉類加工商對其工業(yè)區(qū)的感受的起源的誤解，可能是歷史錯誤概括的原因)。因此該文章主要討論“為何有關(guān)芝加哥肉類加工業(yè)情況的敘述是錯誤的”。

2.細節(jié)事實題。題干問:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉類包裝行業(yè)負面狀況的內(nèi)容，除了…。A:來自芝加哥大學的資料,第二段指出:AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(來自芝加哥大學的附加資料表明肉類加工廠的工作環(huán)境是危險的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社會工作者,由第二段中“whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked(與此同吋，社會工作者發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)工人收入非常差且工作過度)”可知B正確。C:肉類加工業(yè)的近代史,第一段指出:Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辯稱，肉類加工工人的工資待遇、工資條件和發(fā)展前景都不錯，且肉類加工工人沒有與勞工糾紛鼓動者合作的原因是該行業(yè)的勞工關(guān)系非常和睦),因此C項錯誤。D:第二段指出:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions(事實上，其它針對十九世紀晚期的歷史資料記錄了由于低工資和不健康的工作環(huán)境導致的工業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)住房的不斷惡化、高患病率和嬰兒死率),由此可知D正確。因此本題選C。

3.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers5effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(這個作品忽視了十九世紀八十年代是美國勞工歷史上重要吋期的這個事實和肉類加工工人的努力是美國全國性勞工改革運動的一部分),故選D“通過指出這段歷史記錄未能適當?shù)亟忉尩囊环N情況表現(xiàn)這段歷史記錄的局限性”。

4.細節(jié)事實題。第三段指出:Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess（thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent）,payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched(雖然前者（即有技能的肉類加工工人）的狀況因其在復雜的屠宰、切割和包裝步驟中的關(guān)鍵重要性可能是可容忍的（盡管工人經(jīng)常抱怨工作的速度和條件），但是后者的（即沒有技能的肉類加工工人）的收入和狀況卻是無法容忍的),因此C項“這些工人去履行這個行業(yè)復雜工作的能力”正確。

5.判斷推理題。第一段首先指出近代史的作者辯稱，肉類加工工人的工資待遇、工資條件和發(fā)展前景都不錯，且肉類加工工人沒有與勞工糾紛鼓動者合作的原因是該行業(yè)的勞工關(guān)系非常和睦。第二段說:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(事實上，其它針對十九世紀晚期的歷史資料記錄了由于低工資和不健康的工作環(huán)境導致的工業(yè)區(qū)內(nèi)住房的不斷惡化、高患病率和嬰兒死亡率。來自芝加哥大學的附加資料暗示肉類加工廠的工作環(huán)境是危險的),由此看出第二段是對第一段內(nèi)容的反駁。故選D“提出證據(jù)來反駁文中討論的這段歷史記錄的論據(jù)”。

4.單選題

Universitiesarebeinggivenjob______bycompaniesandindividualsandsetouttoapprovetheirreliabilityandreputationbeforeacceptingservicerequest.

問題1選項

A.viruses

B.victims

C.vacations

D.vacancies

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.viruses病毒B.victims受害者

C.vacations假期D.vacancies（職位的）空缺；（旅館等的）空房

【答案】D

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息Universitiesarebeinggivenjob（工作提供給了大學）可知，空格處表示“職位”，而vacancy可以表示職位的空缺，故該題選擇D項符合句意。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項不符合句意。

【句意】公司和個人向大學提供職位空缺，在接受服務請求之前，大學會先確認這些職位的可靠性和聲譽。

5.單選題

Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescenceperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.

Inmodemsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandthereisnolongeragreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageof16theadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreasehissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense,hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageof18thelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageof21theindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,buyliquor,enterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.

1.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause（）.

2.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto（）.

3.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis（）.

4.Startingfrom22,（）.

問題1選項

A.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged

B.theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped

C.moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade

D.ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance

問題2選項

A.graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges

B.socialrecognition

C.socio-economicstatus

D.certainbehavioralchanges

問題3選項

A.elevenyearsold

B.sixteenyearsold

C.twenty-oneyearsold

D.betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold

問題4選項

A.onewillobtainmorebasicrights

B.theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave

C.onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21

D.onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段，withpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor“延長教育時間和反童工法律”，這兩個因素會延長青春期.

2.選項C符合題意。信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段。過去的社會儀式已經(jīng)被學業(yè)階段所取代，對青春期和認可和現(xiàn)實意義已經(jīng)變得模糊。選項A符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段?！癆ttheageof21theindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.”可知21歲后才能享受成年人的權(quán)利。選項C符合題意。

4.信息推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段，文中提到21歲后就進入了成年狀態(tài)，可以享受更多基本權(quán)利，選項C符合題意。

6.單選題

HerwrittenEnglishwaswonderful,andshehada(n)（）vocabularyforafreshman.

問題1選項

A.credulous

B.incredulous

C.credible

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credulous"輕信的,易受騙的";incredulous"懷疑的,不輕信的";credible"可信的,可靠的";incredible"不可思議的,難以置信的"。句意：她的書面英語非常棒,而且對于一個大一新生來說,她的詞匯量驚人。選項D符合句意。

7.翻譯題

商務印書館是中國現(xiàn)代出版史上歷史最悠久的文化出版機構(gòu)。作為國內(nèi)外著名的出版機構(gòu),它為文化的傳播和新知識的介紹做出了卓越的貢獻。出版物遍及社會科學、自然科學、應用技術(shù)、文學藝術(shù)、兒童讀物、教科書、中外語文辭書、各類雜志和各個門類專業(yè)的工具書。商務印書館的出版物,對我國思想界、文化界、教育界均有一定的影響。

通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)在過去的幾十年中取得了很大的成功,已引起了人們對未來的廣泛的關(guān)注,一些國家正在采用衛(wèi)星來發(fā)展國內(nèi)的通信,以取代傳統(tǒng)的陸地電話線。但是,衛(wèi)星研制、發(fā)射和運轉(zhuǎn)的成本很高,超出了一些國家的經(jīng)濟承受能力。盡管如此,通信衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)得到了越來越多的人的重視和支持,這種技術(shù)會在未來更加普及。

【答案】TheCommercialPressistheoldestculturalpublishinghouseinthehistoryofChina’scontemporarypublication.Asawell-knownpublishinghouseenjoyinggreatprestigebothathomeandabroad,ithasmadeoutstandingcontributionstothepropagationofcultureandtheintroductionofnewknowledge.Bookspublishedbyitincludevariouscategoriesofpublicationsrelativetosocialscience,naturescience,appliedscience,artandliterature,children’sbooks,textbooks,dictionariesofChineseandforeignlanguages,differentkindsofmagazinesandspecializedreferencebooks,whichhaveexertedgreatinfluenceintheideological,culturalandeducationalcirclesofourcountry.

Communicationsatellitesystemshavebeenquiteasuccessinthepastdecades,evokingwidespreadattentiontotheirfuture.Somecountrieshavebeenusingsatellitesfordomesticcommunicationsinplaceofconventionaltelephonelinesonland.Butsatellites’development,launchingandoperationaresocostlythatsomecountriescan’tafford.Inspiteofallthis,communicationsatellitesaregainingattentionandsupportfrommoreandmorepeople.Thetechniqueseemslikelytobemorewidelyutilizedinthefuture.

8.單選題

Itwasacloseboxinggame,buttheboxerinbluewas______tobethewinnerbythreeofthefourreferees.

問題1選項

A.destined

B.deemed

C.doomed

D.adapted

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項destined“指定”；B選項deemed“認為”；C選項doomed“注定”；D選項adapted“適應；改裝”。句意：這是一場勢均力敵的拳擊比賽，但4名裁判中有3名______穿藍衣服的拳擊手獲勝。根據(jù)語境，這里指有三位裁判判穿藍衣服的拳擊手獲勝，B選項deemed“認為”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

9.寫作題

Directions:Forthispart,yowarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopicArtandLife.Youshouldwritatleast120wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)生活的形式

2.藝術(shù)作用于生活的方式

3.藝術(shù)創(chuàng)新如何促進了社會進步

【答案】略

10.單選題

Beforethebankwaswillingtolendhimmoney,ithadto______thathewasthetrueownerofthehouse.

問題1選項

A.verify

B.entrust

C.acknowledge

D.grant

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.verify核實；證實B.entrust委托；交托

C.acknowledge承認D.grant同意，準予

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“在銀行愿意借錢給他之前，必須______他是這幢房子的主人”可知，空格處表示“證實，證明”符合句意，故該題選擇A項。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】銀行先得核實他確實是這幢房子的主人，然后才肯借錢給他。

11.單選題

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（

）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如聯(lián)合王國（英國）的其它地方那樣，義務教育在蘇格蘭開始于5歲，

結(jié)束于16歲。

考查形容詞辨析。Compelling引人入勝的,扣人心弦的,非常強烈的,不可抗拒的;forced被迫的,不得已的,勉強的;obliged有義務的;compulsory(因法律或規(guī)則而)必須做的，強制的，強迫的。此處指國家對義務教育的規(guī)定,故D符合句意。

12.翻譯題

Thehistoryofecologicalchangeisstillsoelementarythatweknowlittleaboutwhatreallyhappened,orwhattheresultswere.ThedestructionoftheEuropeanaurochsaslateas1627wouldseemtohavebeenasimplecaseofoverenthusiastichunting.Onmorecomplexmattersitoftenisimpossibletofindsolidinformation.ForathousandyearsormoretheFrisiansandNetherlandershavebeenpushingbacktheNorthSea,andtheprocessisculminatinginourowntimeinthereclamationoftheZuiderZee.What,ifany,speciesofanimals,birds,fish,shorelife,orplantshavediedoutintheprocess?IntheirheroiccombatwiththeseahavetheNetherlandersoverlookedecologicalvaluesinsuchawaythatthequalityofhumanlifeintheNetherlandshassuffered?Icannotdiscoverthatthequestionshaveeverbeenasked,muchlessanswered.

(1)People,then,haveoftenbeenadynamicelementintheirownenvironment,butinthepresentstateofhistoricalscholarshipweusuallydoknowexactlywhen,where,orwithwhateffectsman-inducedchangescame.Asweenterthelastthirdofthe20thcentury,howeverfortheproblemofecologicalbacklashismountingfeverishly.Naturalscience,conceivedastheefforttounderstandthenatureofthings,hadflourishedinseveralerasandamongseveralpeoples.Similarlytherehadbeenanage-oldaccumulationoftechnologicalskills,sometimesgrowingrapidly,sometimesslowly.ButitwasnotuntilaboutfourgenerationsagothatWesternEuropeandNorthAmericaarrangedamarriagebetweenscienceandtechnology,aunionofthetheoreticalandtheempiricalapproachestoournaturalenvironment.TheemergenceinwidespreadpracticeoftheBaconianbeliefthatscientificknowledgemeanstechnologicalpowerovernaturecanscarcelybedatedbeforeabout1850,saveinthechemicalindustries,whereitisanticipatedinthe18thcentury.(2)Itsacceptanceasanormalpatternofactionmaymarkthegreatesteventinhumanhistorysincetheinventionofagriculture,andperhapsinnonhumanearthhistoryaswell.

【答案】1.因此，人們在他們自己的環(huán)境中常常是一個動態(tài)的因素，但在目前的歷史學術(shù)狀態(tài)下，我們通常確實知道人為的變化在何時、何地或以何種影響出現(xiàn)。

2.它被接受為一種正常的行為模式，可能標志著自農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)明以來人類歷史上最重大的事件，也許在非人類的地球歷史上也是如此。

13.單選題

Likeamagazine,anewspaperhasacontentsguidethatindicates______located.

問題1選項

A.whereiseachfeature

B.eachofthefeaturesis

C.eachfeaturewhereitis

D.whereeachfeatureis

【答案】D

【解析】考查賓語從句。where引導賓語從句時，句子中的where相當于theplacewhere，后接的從句用陳述語序。本句中缺少動詞indicate的賓語從句，根據(jù)句意：像雜志一樣，報紙也有一個內(nèi)容指南，指出每一個專題的位置?？芍狣選項正確。

14.單選題

SomeoneshouldhavetoldRichardNixonthathiseyelidswerebetrayinghim.OnAugust22,1973,duringhisfirstnationallytelevisedpressconferencesincetheSenate’sWatergateinvestigationbegansixmonthsearlier,thepresidentmaintainedacalm,controlledloneofvoice.Butinansweringsuchpointedquestionsas“Isthereanylimitationonthepresident,shortofimpeachment,tocompeltheproductionofevidence?”Nixon’seyesbecameablur.Inanaverageminuteheblinked30to40times.Unimpeachableadultsblinkonlyabout10to20timesaminute,andeventhatmaybeexcessive;studiesoninfantsshowthatthephysicalneedtoblinkcomesjustonceeverytwominutes.

Alltheseextrablinksrepresentmorethanjustwaterywipesfordrycorneas.Somearedustinduced;othersarereflexblinks,protectiveresponsestoatapontheforeheadorthepopofaballoon.What’sleftoveristhethousandsofblinksadaythatseemtooccurwithoutcauseandatrandom.Butinfacttheseblinksarepreciselytimed,andthey’redirectlylinkedtowhat’sonourmind.

Excitement,fatigue,andanxietycanallbedetectedfromsomeone’sblinks,accordingtopsychologistJohnSternofWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louis.SternhasbeeninterestedinblinkseversincehewatchedNixonparrypressquestions,andhespecializedinthestudyonthesetinytwitches,usingthemassensitiveprobesofhowthebrainworks.

“IuseblinksasapsychologicalmeasuretomakeinferencesaboutthinkingbecauseIhaveverylittlefaithinwhatyoutellmeaboutwhatyou’rethinking,"hesays.“IfIaskyouthequestion,‘Whatdoesthephrasearollingstonegathersnomossmean?’youcan’ttellmewhenyou’vestartedlookingfortheanswer.ButIcan,bywatchingyoureyes.”

BlinksalsotellSternwhenyouhaveunderstoodhisquestion―oftenlongbeforehe’sfinishedaskingit—andwhenyou’vefoundananswerorpartofone.“Weblinkattunesthatarepsychologicallyimportant,"hesays.“Youhavelistenedtoaquestion,youunderstandit,nowyoucantaketimeoutforablink-Blinksarepunctuationmarks.Theirtimingistiedtowhatisgoingoninyourhead.”

Understandably,newacquaintancestendtosquirmwhenSterntellsthemwhathedoesforaliving.“TheythinkI'vebeenwatchingthemblink,”hesays,“whichisnotthecase.They'llsay,‘YoumeanyoucantellhowI’mthinkingbymyblinks?”ThenItellthemIcan’tlistentothemandwatchthemblinkatthesametime."

Butfewthingsdomoretostirtheurgetoblink—andthuscontaminateblinkresearch-thanthethoughtthatsomeoneiswatchingyoureyes.“IfItellsomeoneI’mwatchingthemblink,”saysStern,“thatimmediatelymakesthemuncomfortable.Eventuallythey'llstopthinkingabouttheirblinks,butuntiltheydo,theyblinkatanabnormalrate,”

Thisparadoxicaleffectforcedpioneersinthefieldtocarryouttheirexperimentssurreptitiously.Inthe1920sthefirstblinkresearchers,twoScottishscientistsfromtheUniversityofEdinburgh,conductedtheirearlystudiesinthebacksofcourtrooms,secretlywatchingtheeyesofwitnessesandtryingtodeterminehowtheirblinksreflectedtheirtestimony.Theresearchwaslimitedtocountingblinksandcomparingtheratesfordifferentsituations.Crudeasthesestudieswere,theyshowedindisputablythatanxiety-riddensituations,suchasacross-examination,doindeedtendtofostermoreblinks.

Today’sresearchershaveupgradedtheirtechniquesconsiderably,andtheirinterestshaveshiftedfromblinkratestoblinkreplacementandduration.InStern'slab,subjectsarewiredwithtinyelectrodesaboveandbelowtheireyestomeasurethedifferenceintheelectricpotentialoftheeyewhenitisopenandclosed.Thevolunteersatetoldthattheapparatus13onlyformeasuringhowtheeyeballmoves;infactittimestothemillisecondhowlongeachcomponentofablinklastsandwhentheblinkoccursinresponsetoagivenstimulus.

Sternhasfoundthatsubjectssuppressblinkswhentheyareabsorbingoranticipatinginformationbutnotwhenthey’rerecitingit.Peopleblinklater,forexample,iftheyhavetomemorizesixnumbersinsteadoftwo.“Youdon'tblink”hesays,“untilyouhavecommittedtheinformationtosomeshort-termmemorystore.”Andifsubjectsarecuedthatthesetofnumbersiscomingin,say,fiveseconds,they'llcurbtheirblinksuntilthetaskisover.

Similarly,themoreimportanttheinformationthatpeoplearetakingin,themorelikel