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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-蘭州外語(yǔ)職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買!第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題
(
).acarknockedherdown.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Walkinghome
B.Whilewalkinghome
C.Asshewaswalkinghome
D.Havingwalkedhome
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在她回家的路上,一輛汽車把她撞到了。
語(yǔ)法題??疾闀r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。題干后半部分已經(jīng)是完整句子,聯(lián)系選項(xiàng)判斷空白處需要填時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致,因此不能用分詞作狀語(yǔ),排除A,B,D。as可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故選C。
2.單選題
Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis(
)producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.absorption
B.dissemination
C.assimilation
D.interaction
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。absorption“吸收”;dissemination“宣傳”;assimilation“同化”;interaction“相互作用”。句意:水從固體變成液體需要吸入周圍所有物質(zhì)的熱量,這一吸收過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的低溫。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。
3.單選題
Coralreefsareoneofthemostfragile,biologicallycomplex,anddiversemarineecosystemonEarth.Thisecosystemisoneofthefascinatingparadoxesofthebiosphere:howdoclearandthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?Partoftheanswerlieswithinthetissuesofthecoralsthemselves.Symbioticcellsofalgaeknownaszoozanthellaecarryoutphotosynthesisusingthemetabolicwastesofthecoraltherebyproducingfoodforthemselves,fortheircorals,hosts,andevenforothermembersofthereefcommunity.Thissymbioticprocessallowsorganismsinthereefcommunitytousesparsenutrientresourceefficiently.
Unfortunatelyforcoralreefs,however,avarietyofhumanactivitiesarecausingworldwidedegradationofshallowmarinehabitatsbyaddingnutrientstothewater.Agriculture,slashandbumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.Declinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.
1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith(
).
2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutcoralreefcommunities?
3.Theauthorrefersto“filter-feedinganimals”(line17)inorderto(
).
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisafactorthatisthreateningthesurvivalofcoralreefcommunities?
5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthordescribescoralreefcommunitiesasparadoxicalmostlikelyforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.describingtheeffectsofhumanactivitiesonalgaeincoralreefs
B.explaininghowhumanactivitiesareposingathreattocoralreefcommunities
C.discussingtheprocessbywhichcoralreefsdeteriorateinnutrient-poorwaters
D.explaininghowcoralreefsproducefoodforthemselves
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Coralreefcommunitiesmayactuallybemorelikelytothriveinwatersthatarerelativelylowinnutrients.
B.Thenutrientsonwhichcoralcommunitiesthriveareonlyfoundinshallowwaters.
C.Humanpopulationgrowthhasledtochangingoceantemperatures,whichthreatenscoralreefcommunities.
D.Thegrowthofcoralreefcommunitiestendstodestabilizeunderwaterherbivorepopulations.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.provideanexampleofacharacteristicsignofreefdeterioration
B.explainhowreefcommunitiesacquiresustenanceforsurvival
C.identifyafactorthathelpsherbivorepopulationsthrive
D.indicateacauseofdecreasingnutrientinputinwatersthatreefsinhabit
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Thewaterstheyinhabitcontainfewnutrientresources.
B.Adeclineinnutrientinputisdisruptingtheirsymbioticrelationshipwithzooxanthellae.
C.Thedegradedwatersoftheirmarinehabitatshavereducedtheirabilitytocarryoutphotosynthesis.
D.Wasteby-productsresultinanincreaseinnutrientinputtoreefcommunities.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Theyarethrivingeventhoughhumanactivitieshavedepletedthenutrientsintheirenvironment.
B.Theyareabletosurviveinspiteofanover-abundanceofalgaeinhabitingtheirwaters.
C.Theyareabletosurviveinanenvironmentwithlimitedfoodresources.
D.Theyaredecliningevenwhenthewatersurroundingthemremainsclear.
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文第一段講了珊瑚礁是如何在清澈且無(wú)養(yǎng)料的海水中繁衍的。第二段開頭開始轉(zhuǎn)折,作者指出人類活動(dòng)是怎樣對(duì)珊瑚礁的棲息地造成破壞的,所以B選項(xiàng)‘解釋人類活動(dòng)如何對(duì)珊瑚礁群落構(gòu)成威脅’為正確答案。
2.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“howdoclear,andthusnutrient-poorwaterssupportsuchprolificandproductivecommunities?”用一個(gè)反問句表明珊瑚礁適合在低養(yǎng)料的清澈海水中生長(zhǎng)。確定A選項(xiàng)符合題意。珊瑚礁很難在淺水灘邊繁殖,所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,排除。人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致海水中的養(yǎng)料增加,而并非增加了海水的溫度,從而破壞了珊瑚礁的棲息地,C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,排除。食草動(dòng)物數(shù)量的不穩(wěn)定并不是珊瑚礁生長(zhǎng)造成的,而是珊瑚礁遭到破壞的一種表現(xiàn),D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,排除。
3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Typicalsymptomsofreefdeclinearedestabilizedherbivorepopulationsandanincreasingabundanceofalgaeandfilter-feedinganimals.珊瑚礁衰退的典型癥狀是食草動(dòng)物種群的不穩(wěn)定,以及藻類和濾食性動(dòng)物數(shù)量的增加?!贝_定作者提到filter-feedinganimals是為了說(shuō)明珊瑚礁減少的特征。A選項(xiàng)正確。
4.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Agriculture,slash-and-bumlandclearing,sewagedisposalandmanufacturingthatcreateswasteby-productsallincreasenutrientloadsinthesewaters.農(nóng)業(yè)、刀耕火種、污水處理以及制造業(yè)向海水中排放了大量的垃圾,從而增加了海水的營(yíng)含量?!焙汀癉eclinesinreefcommunitiesareconsistentwithobservationsthatnutrientinputisincreasingindirectproportiontogrowinghumanpopulations,therebythreateningreefcommunitiessensitivetosubtlechangesinnutrientinputtotheirwaters.珊瑚礁對(duì)養(yǎng)料排入海水中發(fā)生的微妙變化很敏感,隨著人口的增加,排放到海水的養(yǎng)料也隨之増加,珊瑚礁的數(shù)量也就減少了。”可知人類排放的垃圾增加了海水的營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量,從而威脅著珊瑚礁的生長(zhǎng)。D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.推理判斷題。作者在第一段提到珊瑚礁之所以能在清澈并且少養(yǎng)料的海水中生長(zhǎng),是因?yàn)橛幸环N叫蟲黃藻的水藻與它共生。蟲黃藻能夠與珊瑚礁的糞便進(jìn)行光合作用,從而又為珊瑚礁提供食物。因此,盡管在食物資源極度缺乏的環(huán)境下,珊瑚礁也能夠生長(zhǎng)。所以C選項(xiàng)‘它們能夠在食物資源有限的環(huán)境中生存’符合題意。
4.單選題
Theaddictivenatureofonlinegamblinghasforcedmany______garnerstoseektreatment.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.sedative
B.fortified
C.compulsive
D.impulsive
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)sedative“鎮(zhèn)靜劑”;B選項(xiàng)fortified“(在物質(zhì)或精神上)加強(qiáng)”;C選項(xiàng)compulsive“欲罷不能的”;D選項(xiàng)impulsive“易沖動(dòng)的”。句意:在線賭博成癮的基本特征迫使許多______的賭徒尋求治療。這里的賭徒對(duì)賭博上癮,不能控制自己停下賭博,C選項(xiàng)compulsive“欲罷不能的”形容他們符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.Thefactthatanairplaneisupintheairandcannotstopifanythinggoeswrong,makesitperhapsamatteroflifeanddeaththatitsperformanceisabsolutelydependable.
Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.Outofthatweightasmuchaspossibleiswantedforfuel,radionavigationalinstruments,passengerseats,orfreightroom,andofcourse,thepassengersandaircraftthemselves.Sothestructureoftheaircrafthastobeassmallandlightassafetyandefficiencywillallow.Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.Thisspecialistiscalledthe"stressman".Hetakesaccountofanyunusualstressthatmaybeputonthepartasaprecautionagainsterrorsinmanufacture,accidentdamage,etc.
Thestressman'scalculationsgotothedesignerofthepart,andhemustmakeitasstrongasthestressmansayisnecessary.Oneortwosamplesarealwaystestedtoprovethattheyareasstrongasthedesignerintended.Eachseparatepartistested,andthenthewholeassembly—forexample,acompletewing,andfinallythewholeairplane.Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.
Whenaplanehaspassedallthetestsitcangetagovernmentcertificateofairworthiness,withoutwhichitisillegaltofly,exceptfortestflying.
Makingtheworkingpartsreliableisasdifficultasmakingthestructurestrongenough.Theflyingcontrols,theelectricalequipment,thefireprecautions,etc.mustnotonlybelightinweight,butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.
Tosolvealltheseproblemstheaircraftindustryhasalargenumberofresearchworkers,withelaboratelaboratoriesandtesthousesandnewmaterialstogivethebeststrengthinrelationtoweightareconstantlybeingtested.
1.Thetwomainrequirementsofaircraftdesignare(
).
2.Themaximumpossibleweightofanaircraftisdeterminedby
(
).
3.Thestressman'sjobisto
(
).
4.Thefirstthreeairplanesofanewtype
(
).
5.Allequipmentinanaircraftmust(
).
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.speedandcost
B.reliabilityandpassengercomfort
C.lightnessanddependability
D.abilitytostayupintheairandreliability
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.theengineerpower
B.theamountoffreightroom
C.thenumberofpassengers
D.internationalregulations
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.testhowsafetheplaneis
B.calculatehowstrongeachpartmustbe
C.workouthowheighttheplanemayflyat
D.controltheamountofluggageeachpassengermaycarry
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.areonlyforshow
B.arealldestroyed
C.arelaterbrokenupforspareparts
D.areusedfortestingpurposes
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.betestedtodestruction
B.notbetoolightinweight
C.workespeciallywellathightemperatures
D.workperfectlywithinawiderangeoftemperatures
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:D
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中的Therearetwomainthingsthatmakeaircraftengineeringdifficult:theneedtomakeeverycomponentasreliableaspossibleandtheneedtobuildeverythingaslightaspossible.(有兩件主要的事情使飛機(jī)工程變得困難:需要使每一個(gè)部件盡可能可靠,以及需要建造一切盡可能輕的東西)可知C選項(xiàng)“輕便與可靠性”符合題意。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Givenacertainpowerofengine,andconsequentlyacertainfuelconsumption,thereisapracticallimittothetotalweightofanaircraftthatcanbemadetofly.(考慮到一定的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率,并由此產(chǎn)生一定的燃料消耗,可以飛行的飛機(jī)的總重量有一個(gè)實(shí)際的限制)可知飛機(jī)的最大可能重量由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率決定的,因此選A。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第二段中的Thedesignersofitmustcalculatethenormalloadthateachpartwillbear.(設(shè)計(jì)人員必須計(jì)算每個(gè)零件將承受的正常載荷)可知B選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算每個(gè)部分能承受的正常重量”符合題意。
4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中的Whenanewtypeofairplaneismade,normallyonlyoneofthefirstthreewillbeflown.Twowillbedestroyedonthegroundinstructuraltests.Thethirdonewillbetestedintheair.(當(dāng)一種新型飛機(jī)被制造出來(lái)時(shí),正常情況下,頭三架飛機(jī)中只有一架可以飛行。在結(jié)構(gòu)試驗(yàn)中,兩架將在地面上銷毀,第三架將在空中進(jìn)行測(cè)試)可知這三架飛機(jī)都是用來(lái)測(cè)試的,兩架用于地面測(cè)試,一架用于空中測(cè)試,因此選D。
5.推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的butmustworkbothathighaltitudeswherethetemperaturemaybebelowfreezingpointandinthehotairofanairfieldinthetropics.(但必須在海拔較高、溫度可能低于冰點(diǎn)的情況下工作,也必須在熱帶地區(qū)的熱空氣中工作)可知飛機(jī)上的所有設(shè)備都必須能在溫差范圍極大的條件下工作,因此選D。
6.單選題
Therefusalofsomecountriestoextraditepersonsaccusedorconvictedofterroristactshasfocusedattentionontheproblemscausedbythepoliticaloffenseexceptiontoextradition.Extraditionistheprocessbywhichonecountryreturnsanaccusedorconvictedpersonfoundwithinitsborderstoanothercountryfortrialorpunishment.Underthepoliticaloffenseexception,therequestedstatemay,ifitconsidersthecrimetobea“politicaloffense,”denyextraditiontotherequestingstate.
Protectionofpoliticaloffensesisarecentadditiontotheancientpracticeofextradition.ItistheresultoftwofundamentalchangesthatoccurredasEuropeanmonarchieswerereplacedbyrepresentativegovernments.First,thesegovernmentsbegantorejectwhathadbeenaprimaryintentofextradition,toexpeditethereturnofpoliticaloffenders,andinsteadsoughttoprotectdissidentsfleetingdespoticregimes,second,countriesbegantocontendthattheyhadnolegalormoraldutytoextraditeoffenderswithoutspecificagreementscreatingsuchobligations.Asextraditionlawssubsequentlydevelopedthroughinternationaltreaties,thepoliticaloffenseexceptiongraduallybecameanacceptedprincipleamongWesternnations.
Thereisnointernationalconsensus,however,astowhatconstitutesapoliticaloffense.Foranalyticalpurposesillegalpoliticalconducthastraditionallybeendividedintotwocategories.“Pure”politicaloffensesareactsperpetrateddirectlyagainstthegovernment,suchastreasonandespionage.Thesecrimesaregenerallyrecognizedasnonextraditable,evenifnotexpresslyexcludedfromextraditionbytheapplicabletreaty.Incontrast,commoncrimes,suchasmurder,assault,androbbery,aregenerallyextraditable.However,therearesomecommoncrimesthataresoinseparablefromapoliticalactthattheentireoffenseisregardedaspolitical.Thesecrimes,whicharecalled“relative”politicaloffenses,aregenerallynonextraditable.
Despitethewidespreadacceptanceoftheseanalyticconstructs,thedistinctionsaremoreacademicthanmeaningful.Whenitcomestorealcase,thereisnoagreementaboutwhattransformsacommoncrimeintoapoliticaloffenseandaboutwhetherterroristactsfallwithintheprotectionoftheexception.Mostterroristsclaimthattheiractsdofallunderthisprotection.
Nationsoftheworldmustnowbalancethecompetingneedsofpoliticalfreedomandinternationalpublicorder.Itistimetoreexaminethepoliticaloffenseandnonpoliticalcrimes.Theonlyrationalandattainableobjectiveoftheexceptionistoprotecttherequestedpersonagainstunfairtreatmentbytherequestingcountry.Theinternationalcommunityneedstofindanalternativetothepoliticaloffenseexceptionthatwouldprotecttherightsofrequestedpersonsandyetnotofferterroristsimmunityfromcriminalliability.
61.Inthepassage,theauthorprimarilyseeksto______.
62.Accordingtothepassage,whendidcountriesbegintoexceptpoliticaloffendersfromextradition?
63.Accordingtotheauthor,theprimarypurposeofthepoliticaloffenseexceptionshouldbeto______.
64.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldagreewithwhichoneofthefollowingstatementsaboutthepoliticalexception?
65.Theauthorwouldmostlikelyagreethatthepoliticaloffenseexception______.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.defineasetofterms
B.outlineanewapproach
C.describeacurrentproblem
D.exposeanillegalpractice
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.Whentheprincipleofextraditingaccusedorconvictedpersonsoriginated.
B.Whensomenationsbeganrefusingtoextraditepersonsaccusedorconvictedofterroristacts.
C.WhenrepresentativegovernmentbegantoreplaceEuropeanmonarchies.
D.Whencountriesbegantorefusetoextraditepersonsaccusedorconvictedofcommoncrimes.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.ensurethatterroristsaretriedfortheiracts
B.ensurethatindividualsaccusedofpoliticalcrimesarenottreatedunfairly
C.distinguishbetweenpoliticalandnonpoliticaloffenses
D.limitextraditiontothoseaccusedof“pure”politicaloffenses
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Theexceptionisveryunproven.
B.Theexceptionisprobablyillegal.
C.Theexceptionisusedtoolittle.
D.Theexceptionneedsrethinking.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.hasinsomecases,beenstretchedbeyonditsintendeduse
B.hasbeenusedtooinfrequentlytobeevaluated
C.hasbeenamodestlyusefulweaponagainstterrorism
D.hasnevermettheobjectiveforwhichitwasoriginallyestablished
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:C
第3題:B
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】61.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“在文章中,作者主要尋求……”。文章第一段最后一句提到了Underthepoliticaloffenseexception,therequestedstatemay,ifitconsidersthecrimetobea“politicaloffense,”denyextraditiontotherequestingstate.(根據(jù)政治罪例外,如果被請(qǐng)求國(guó)認(rèn)為罪行為“政治罪”,可以拒絕向請(qǐng)求國(guó)引渡),可知文章首先講述了某些國(guó)家拒絕引渡大部分原因是政治庇護(hù),然后作者在第二段解釋了什么是引渡和什么是因?yàn)檎卧蚓芙^引渡,這是對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)中出現(xiàn)問題的總體描述而展開整篇文章的論述,故C項(xiàng)“描述當(dāng)前的問題”正確。A項(xiàng)“定義一組術(shù)語(yǔ)”完全不是作者想要描述的內(nèi)容;B項(xiàng)“概述一種新方法”文章沒有提到什么新方法,B項(xiàng)不選;D項(xiàng)“揭露違法行為”,文章主要是第三段有描述,其他段落都沒有提及,所以D項(xiàng)也不選。因此該題選C。
62.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“根據(jù)短文,各國(guó)從什么時(shí)候開始把政治犯引渡除外了?”。根據(jù)文章第二段前兩句Protectionofpoliticaloffensesisarecentadditiontotheancientpracticeofextradition.ItistheresultoftwofundamentalchangesthatoccurredasEuropeanmonarchieswerereplacedbyrepresentativegovernments.(對(duì)政治犯罪的保護(hù)是對(duì)引渡的古老做法的新近補(bǔ)充。這是代議制政府取代歐洲君主制之后發(fā)生的兩大根本性變化的結(jié)果。)由此可知,代議制政府取代歐洲君主制之后政治犯引渡就受到了保護(hù),即政治犯引渡例外,所以C項(xiàng)“代議制政府開始取代歐洲的君主政體”正確。A項(xiàng)“當(dāng)引渡被指控者或被定罪者的原則起源的時(shí)候”,文中沒有相關(guān)信息提及此內(nèi)容,A項(xiàng)不選;B項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一些國(guó)家開始拒絕引渡被指控或判定犯有恐怖主義行為的人的時(shí)候”,第一段首句提到Therefusalofsomecountriestoextraditepersonsaccusedorconvictedofterroristactshasfocusedattentionontheproblemscausedbythepoliticaloffenseexceptiontoextradition.(一些國(guó)家拒絕引渡被指控或被判定犯有恐怖主義行為的人,引起了人們對(duì)政治犯罪例外引渡所引起的問題的關(guān)注。),由此可知一些國(guó)家開始拒絕引渡被指控或判定犯有恐怖主義行為的人這一行為引起了人們對(duì)這一問題的關(guān)注,而不是引起各國(guó)開始把政治犯引渡除外的原因,因此B項(xiàng)不正確;D項(xiàng)“當(dāng)各國(guó)開始拒絕引渡被指控或被判犯有普通罪行的人的時(shí)候”,文章首句提到了是“一些”而不是所有國(guó)家,與原文不符,D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此該題選C。
63.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為,政治犯罪例外的主要目的應(yīng)該是為了什么?”。根據(jù)文章最后一段第三句Theonlyrationalandattainableobjectiveoftheexceptionistoprotecttherequestedpersonagainstunfairtreatmentbytherequestingcountry.(政治犯罪例外的唯一合理和可實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)是保護(hù)被請(qǐng)求人不受請(qǐng)求國(guó)的不公平待遇)可知,作者認(rèn)為政治犯罪例外的主要目的是保護(hù)政治犯不受請(qǐng)求國(guó)的不公平待遇,因此B項(xiàng)“確保被控犯有政治罪行的個(gè)人不受不公平對(duì)待”正確。A項(xiàng)“確??植婪肿拥男袨槭艿綄徟小保鶕?jù)文章最后一句Theinternationalcommunityneedstofindanalternativetothepoliticaloffenseexceptionthatwouldprotecttherightsofrequestedpersonsandyetnotofferterroristsimmunityfromcriminalliability.(國(guó)際社會(huì)需要找到政治犯罪例外之外的替代辦法,既保護(hù)被請(qǐng)求人的權(quán)利,又不給予恐怖分子刑事責(zé)任豁免。)可知確??植婪肿拥男袨槭艿綄徟惺亲髡咴谔岢鰢?guó)際社會(huì)需要找到政治犯罪例外之外的替代辦法時(shí)所論述的內(nèi)容,所以,該項(xiàng)不是政治犯罪例外的主要目的,A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“區(qū)分政治犯罪和非政治犯罪”,根據(jù)最后一段前兩句Nationsoftheworldmustnowbalancethecompetingneedsofpoliticalfreedomandinternationalpublicorder.Itistimetoreexaminethepoliticaloffenseandnonpoliticalcrimes.(世界各國(guó)現(xiàn)在必須在政治自由和國(guó)際公共秩序的相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的需要之間取得平衡。是時(shí)候重新審視政治犯罪和非政治犯罪了。)可知,區(qū)分政治犯罪和非政治犯罪是為了讓各國(guó)在政治自由和國(guó)際公共秩序的相互競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的需要之間取得平衡,所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“將引渡限制在那些被指控為‘純粹’政治罪行的人”,根據(jù)第三段最后兩句However,therearesomecommoncrimesthataresoinseparablefromapoliticalactthattheentireoffenseisregardedaspolitical.Thesecrimes,whicharecalled“relative”politicaloffenses,aregenerallynonextraditable.(然而,也有一些普通犯罪與政治行為是如此密不可分,以至于整個(gè)犯罪都被視為政治犯罪。這些犯罪被稱為“相對(duì)”政治犯罪,通常是不可引渡的。)可知,引渡不止是限制在“純粹”政治犯,也限制這些“相對(duì)”政治犯。因此該題選B。
64.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷出,作者將會(huì)同意下列哪一種關(guān)于政治例外的陳述?”。根據(jù)文章最后一段中第二句Itistimetoreexaminethepoliticaloffenseandnonpoliticalcrimes.(是時(shí)候重新審視政治犯罪和非政治犯罪了)和最后一句Theinternationalcommunityneedstofindanalternativetothepoliticaloffenseexceptionthatwouldprotecttherightsofrequestedpersonsandyetnotofferterroristsimmunityfromcriminalliability.(國(guó)際社會(huì)需要找到政治犯罪例外之外的替代辦法,既保護(hù)被請(qǐng)求人的權(quán)利,又不給予恐怖分子刑事責(zé)任豁免)可知,作者認(rèn)為政治犯罪例外需要重新審視,其中reexamine與rethink為近義詞,所以D項(xiàng)“這個(gè)例外需要重新思考”正確。A項(xiàng)“這個(gè)例外是未經(jīng)證實(shí)的”,根據(jù)第二段最后一句Asextraditionlawssubsequentlydevelopedthroughinternationaltreaties,thepoliticaloffenseexceptiongraduallybecameanacceptedprincipleamongWesternnations.(隨著引渡法通過(guò)國(guó)際條約的發(fā)展,政治犯罪例外逐漸成為西方國(guó)家普遍接受的原則。)可知,A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)“這種例外可能是非法的”和C項(xiàng)“例外使用得太少”都沒有提到。因此該題選D。
65.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者很可能同意政治犯罪例外……”。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句Whenitcomestorealcase,thereisnoagreementaboutwhattransformsacommoncrimeintoapoliticaloffenseandaboutwhetherterroristactsfallwithintheprotectionoftheexception.Mostterroristsclaimthattheiractsdofallunderthisprotection.(在實(shí)際案件中,對(duì)于如何將普通犯罪轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎畏缸?,以及恐怖主義行為是否屬于例外的保護(hù)范圍,沒有達(dá)成一致意見。大多數(shù)恐怖分子聲稱他們的行為確實(shí)受到這種保護(hù)。)和最后一段第二句Itistimetoreexaminethepoliticaloffenseandnonpoliticalcrimes.(是時(shí)候重新審視政治犯罪和非政治犯罪了。)可推斷,政治犯罪例外在某些情況下保護(hù)了恐怖分子,所以這是超出了預(yù)期的用途,故A項(xiàng)“在某些情況下,已經(jīng)超出了預(yù)期用途”正確。B項(xiàng)“使用得太不頻繁而無(wú)法進(jìn)行評(píng)估”,根據(jù)第二段最后一句thepoliticaloffenseexceptiongraduallybecameanacceptedprincipleamongWesternnations.(政治犯罪例外逐漸成為西方國(guó)家普遍接受的原則。)可知,西方國(guó)家普遍使用政治犯罪例外,所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“是對(duì)付恐怖主義的適度有效的武器”,文章已經(jīng)提到對(duì)部分恐怖分子起了保護(hù)作用,所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)“從未達(dá)到它最初設(shè)立的目標(biāo)”沒有提到。因此該題選A。
7.單選題
Sheisthemost()secretaryI’veeverhad.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.efficient
B.effective
C.industrial
D.practiced
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的;有能力的;生效的”,B選項(xiàng)effective“有效的,起作用的;實(shí)際的”,C選項(xiàng)industrial“工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的”,D選項(xiàng)practiced“熟練的;有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;老練的”;然后看到題干:她是為我效力過(guò)的最()的秘書。可以看出只有A帶進(jìn)去最符合,她應(yīng)該是效率高,能力高的秘書,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.翻譯題
HonestyandReputation
AJapaneseproverbofferswisdomforthosewhowouldconsidercheatinganother:thereputationofathousandyearsisdeterminedbytheconductofonehour.Inbusiness,thetreatmentweextendtoothers,whethercustomers,suppliers,orshareholders,comesbacktohelpusortohauntus.
Nestle,aninternationalfoodproductionfirm,madethedecisionin1970tomarketinfantformulainThird-Worldnations.Nestlewasthefirstandonlyinfantformulamanufacturertoenterthesemarkets.WhiletherewasnothingillegalaboutmarketinginfantformulainAfricannations,therewasanissueofhonesty.Inthesecountries,eveninsituationswheremothersaremalnourished,mother’smilkremainspediatricians’preferredmethodofnutritionforseveralreasons:(1)thelackofrefrigerationforunused,cannedformula;(2)thelackofpurewaterformixingpoweredinfantformula;(3)thelackofknowledgeabouttherisksofdilutingthericher-lookingformulatotheconsistencyofmother’smilk;and(4)thelackoffundsforthepurchaseofformulaoncethefreesamplesrunoutandthemother’smilkisnolongerflowing.Nonetheless,Nestle,withoutthedisclosureofthesedrawbacks,enteredThird-Worldnationsandenjoyedgreatsuccessinmarketingformula.However,thepresenceofthefourfactorscausedinfantmortalityratestoskyrocketinthosecountrieswheretheformulawasmarketed.
【答案】誠(chéng)實(shí)和聲譽(yù)
日本有句諺語(yǔ)給那些想要欺騙別人的人提供了智慧:千年的聲譽(yù)取決于一時(shí)的行為。商業(yè)中,我們對(duì)待他人的方式,不管是客戶、供應(yīng)商或是股東,都會(huì)回頭來(lái)幫助我們或者是困擾我們。
雀巢公司,一家國(guó)際食品生產(chǎn)公司,在1970年決定向第三世界國(guó)家銷售嬰兒配方奶粉。雀巢是第一家也是唯一一家進(jìn)入這些市場(chǎng)的嬰幼兒配方奶粉生產(chǎn)廠商。雖然在非洲國(guó)家銷售嬰兒配方奶粉并不違法,但也存在一個(gè)誠(chéng)信問題。在這些國(guó)家,即使在母親營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的情況下,母乳仍然是兒科醫(yī)生首選的營(yíng)養(yǎng)方式,原因有以下幾個(gè):1)未使用罐裝奶粉,缺乏冰箱冷藏;2)缺少純凈水來(lái)調(diào)配嬰兒配方奶粉;3)缺乏相關(guān)知識(shí)(可能會(huì)忽視稀釋看起來(lái)更濃的配方奶粉,使其達(dá)到母乳的稠度的危害);4)一旦免費(fèi)的奶粉樣品用完,而母乳又缺乏時(shí),購(gòu)買奶粉的資金就會(huì)不足。然而,雀巢在沒有披露這些缺陷的情況下,進(jìn)入了第三世界國(guó)家,并在銷售配方奶粉方面取得了巨大的成功。然而,這四個(gè)因素的存在導(dǎo)致嬰兒死亡率在那些銷售奶粉的國(guó)家快速增長(zhǎng)。
9.單選題
Chequeshavelargelyreplacedmoneyasameansofexchange,fortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisvery(1)forbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequite(2)inthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain(3)whenheaccepts,achequeandheisquite(4),hisrightsif,(5),herefusestodoso.
Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled(6).Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasant(7).Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge(8)ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.
Afterexaminingseveraltrays,he(9)tobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpay(10)cheque.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite(11),butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager'soffice.
Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewith(12)thesamenamehadpresentedthemwitha(13)chequenotlongago.Hetoldmyfriendthatthepolicewouldarrive(14)anymomentandhehadbetterstay(15)hewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.(16),thepolicearrivedonafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthe(17)andaskedhimto(18)anotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote(19).“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”(20),myfriend'shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethieves.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.complicated
B.trivial
C.bearable
D.convenient
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.valueless
B.invaluable
C.valuable
D.indefinite
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.danger
B.change
C.risk
D.opportunity
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.within
B.beyond
C.without
D.outof
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.ingeneral
B.attheleast
C.onoccasion
D.inshort
問題6選項(xiàng)
A.indifficulty
B.indoubt
C.inearnest
D.inquestion
問題7選項(xiàng)
A.accident
B.experience
C.event
D.incident
問題8選項(xiàng)
A.amount
B.stock
C.number
D.store
問題9選項(xiàng)
A.considered
B.thought
C.conceived
D.decided
問題10選項(xiàng)
A.by
B.in
C.with
D.through
問題11選項(xiàng)
A.inorder
B.inneed
C.inuse
D.incommon
問題12選項(xiàng)
A.largely
B.mostly
C.exactly
D.extremely
問題13選項(xiàng)
A.worth
B.worthy
C.worthwhile
D.worthless
問題14選項(xiàng)
A.for
B.at
C.until
D.during
問題15選項(xiàng)
A.whether
B.if
C.otherwise
D.unless
問題16選項(xiàng)
A.Really
B.Sureenough
C.Certainly
D.However
問題17選項(xiàng)
A.treatment
B.manner
C.inconvenience
D.behavior
問題18選項(xiàng)
A.writeoff
B.writeout
C.copyout
D.makeout
問題19選項(xiàng)
A.read
B.told
C.wrote
D.informed
問題20選項(xiàng)
A.Especially
B.Fortunately
C.Naturally
D.Basically
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:A
第5題:C
第6題:D
第7題:B
第8題:B
第9題:D
第10題:A
第11題:A
第12題:C
第13題:D
第14題:B
第15題:D
第16題:B
第17題:C
第18題:C
第19題:A
第20題:B
【解析】1.考查邏輯詞義搭配。complicated“復(fù)雜的”;trivial“碎的,無(wú)足輕重的”;bearable“可忍受的”;convenient“方便的”。前文提及支票不受地域限制,因此,此處表達(dá)“支票對(duì)買者和賣者均很方便”,故正確答案為D。
2.考查詞義搭配。valueless“無(wú)價(jià)值的”;invaluable“無(wú)價(jià)的”;valuable“有價(jià)值的”;indefinite“不確定的;無(wú)限的”。從上下文來(lái)看,最符合語(yǔ)境句意的選項(xiàng)為B。
3.考查固定搭配。runarisk“冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”,因此正確選項(xiàng)為C。
4.考查固定搭配。withinone’sright“有權(quán)……;在某人的權(quán)限內(nèi)”,因此正確選項(xiàng)為A。
5.考查邏輯搭配。ingeneral“一般來(lái)說(shuō)”;attheleast“至少”;onoccasion“偶爾”;inshort“總之”。句意大概是:如果他偶爾拒絕接受支票,他也是完全有權(quán)這樣做的。從上下文來(lái)看,最符合語(yǔ)境句意的選項(xiàng)為C。
6.考查固定搭配。callsth.inquestion“對(duì)……表示懷疑”,因此正確選項(xiàng)為D。
7.考查詞義搭配。accident“事故”;experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”;event“重大事件”;incident“事件,事變”。haveanextremelyunpleasantexperience表示“有一次非常不愉快的經(jīng)歷”。因此最佳答案為B。
8.考查詞義搭配。keepalargestockof“備有大量…的現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng)”,因此答案為B。
9.考查詞義搭配。decide后可接不定式,consider后接動(dòng)名詞,think后面不接不定式,conceive后不接不定式。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和句意,答案為D。
10.考查固定搭配。paybycheque“用支票支付”,因此正確選項(xiàng)為A。
11.考查固定搭配。beinorder‘‘符合程序;就緒”,因此正確選項(xiàng)為A。
12.考查副詞。largely“主要地”;mostly“主要地;通常;多半地”;exactly“恰好地;正是;精確地;正確地”;extremely“非常,極其;極端地”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,C為最佳答案。
13.考查詞義搭配。worthless表示“毫無(wú)價(jià)值的”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇意思,最佳選項(xiàng)為D。
14.考查固定搭配。atanymoment“即刻,隨時(shí)”,因此正確選項(xiàng)為B。
15.考查邏輯搭配。whether“是否;不論”;if“如果,是否”;otherwise“其他;如果不;然后;否則”;unless“除非;如果不”。本句句意:當(dāng)他起身要走的時(shí)候經(jīng)理告訴他,警察隨時(shí)會(huì)來(lái)。如果他不想招惹麻煩的話,最好在這兒待一會(huì)兒。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,最佳答案為D。
16.考查邏輯搭配。really“真正地,實(shí)在”;sureenough“果然,果然不出所料”;certainly“當(dāng)然,肯定,確實(shí)”;however“然而”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,最佳答案為B。
17.考查詞義搭配。treatment“對(duì)待,處理”;manner“(做事情的)方法,方式”;inconvenience“不便,麻煩”;behavior“舉止,品行”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,C為最佳答案。
18.考查詞組。writeoff“報(bào)廢,購(gòu)銷(債務(wù))”;writeout“開出(藥方,支票等)”;copyout“抄寫”;makeout“弄懂,辨認(rèn),開出(支票,藥方)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,C為最佳答案。
19.考查慣用搭配。read此處意為“上面寫道”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句意,A為最佳答案。
20.考查邏輯搭配。Especially“特別;尤其;格外”;Fortunately“幸運(yùn)地”;Naturally“自然地”;Basically“主要地,基本上”。本句大意:很幸運(yùn),我朋友的筆跡與詐騙犯的筆跡完全不同。聯(lián)系上下文,最佳答案為B。
10.單選題
"Iamconvincedthatwewillnot_______amillimetrenormoveonesteptotheside,"saidGov.RubenCostastotensofthousandsofjubilantsupporterswavingthedepartment'sgreenandwhiteflags.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.recast
B.rebuke
C.assert
D.retreat
【答案】D
【解析】recast重鑄,徹底改動(dòng);rebuke指責(zé),非難;assert斷言,聲稱;retreat撤退。句意:“我相信,我們不會(huì)后退一毫米,也不會(huì)向旁邊移動(dòng)一步?!闭賳TRubenCostas對(duì)揮舞著國(guó)務(wù)院綠白旗的數(shù)萬(wàn)名歡欣鼓舞的支持者說(shuō)道。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
11.單選題
Withitsstockpricerisingby20percent,thecompanybecomesthesecondmost()technologyfirminthecounty.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.valuable
B.worthwhile
C.priceless
D.precious
【答案】A
【解析】valuable有價(jià)值的;worthwhile值得的;priceless無(wú)價(jià)的;precious珍貴的。句意:隨著股價(jià)上漲20%,該公司成為全縣第二大最有價(jià)值的科技公司。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。
12.不定項(xiàng)選擇題
Wedonotknowwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughouthistory.(21)()evidenceshows,forexample,thatpeoplewholivedoverthreethousandyearsagoate(22)()fish.Stealingsaltwasconsideredamajorcrimeatcertaintimesinhistory.Intheeighteenthcentury,forinstance,ifapersonwas(
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