考研考博-英語-廈門軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門軟件職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theresearchrequiresmoremoneythan（

）.

問題1選項

A.havebeenputin

B.hasbeenputin

C.beingputin

D.tobeputin

【答案】B

【解析】句意:該研究需要的經(jīng)費比己經(jīng)投入的經(jīng)費要多。

語法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。由句中關(guān)鍵詞“requires”為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)知“錢的被投入屬于己經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作”，再由“money錢”表示單數(shù)知B項“hasbeenputin（這里has前面省略了關(guān)系代詞that）”正確。

2.單選題

（）thesequestionsmaysoundacademic,answerstothemcouldhaveprofoundeconomicandpoliticalsignificance.

問題1選項

A.Since

B.While

C.Unless

D.Lest

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項since“自……以來；因為”；B選項while“雖然，然而，當(dāng)……的時候”；C選項unless“除非；若非”；D選項lest“唯恐，以免”。句意：雖然這些問題聽起來是學(xué)術(shù)的，但是它們的答案可能有深遠(yuǎn)的經(jīng)濟和政治意義。前后句子存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此B項正確。

3.翻譯題

Hewastakentothehugemedievalfortressattheharbour’smouth.Hefoundprisonlifefairlyendurable.Hiscellwasdampanddark,andthefoodwasbadandinsufficient;buthissistersoonobtainedpermissiontosendhimallthenecessariesoflifefromhome.HewaskeptinsolitaryconfinementandfailedtoobtainanyexplanationofthecauseofhisarrestNeverthelessthetranquilframeofmindinwhichhehadenteredthefortressdidnotchange.Notbeingallowedbooks,hespenthistimeinprayeranddevoutmeditation,andwaitedwithoutimpatienceforthefurthercourseofevents.

【答案】他被帶進(jìn)港口那個巨大的中世紀(jì)城堡里。他覺得監(jiān)獄生活相當(dāng)難過。他的牢房既潮濕又黑暗，食物很難吃而且吃不飽；但是他姐姐很快就獲準(zhǔn)從家里給他送來了所有的生活必需品。他被單獨關(guān)押，而且沒能查明逮捕他的原因。然而，他進(jìn)入城堡時那種平靜的心境并沒有改變。由于不允許看書，他就通過祈禱和沉思度日，耐心等待事件的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。

4.不定項選擇題

AWashington-basedthinktankhasbeensolicitingcritiquesofthejust-releasedinternationalassessmentoftheevidenceonclimatechange,amovethatpromptedsomeacademicsandenvironmentaliststoaccusethegroupofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceforglobalwarming.

AdvocacygroupssuchasGreenpeaceandthePublicInterestResearchGroupquestionedwhytheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute(AEI)hasoffered$10,000toacademicswillingtocontributetoabookonclimate—changepolicy,anoverturethatwasfirstreportedFridayinLondon’sGuardiannewspaper.

GreenpeacespokeswomanJaneKochersperger,whonotedthatAEIhasreceivedfundingfromExxonMobilinrecentyears,saidyesterdaythatthethinktank“hasclearlyhitanewlow…whenit’sthrowingoutcashawardsundertherubricof‘reason’tocreateconfusiononthestatusofclimatescience.AmericansarestillsufferingtheimpactsofHurricaneKatrina,andit’sclearlytimeforpolicymakersonbothsidesoftheaisletotakesubstantiveactiononglobalwarmingandignoreExxonMobil’sdisinformationcampaignviaclimateskeptics.”

AEIvisitingscholarKennethGreen—oneoftworesearcherswhohassoughttocommissionthecritiques—saidinaninterviewthathisgroupisexaminingthepolicydebateonglobalwarming,notthescience.

“It’scompletelypolicy-oriented,”saidGreen,addingthatathirdoftheacademicsAEIsolicitedfortheprojectareinterestedinparticipating.“Somebodywantstodistortthis.”

InJuly2006,GreenandAEIresidentscholarStevenF.Hayward—bothofwhomhavequestionedtheneedforcapsonemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming—startedsolicitingessaysfromacademicsonthethen-upcomingreportonglobalwarmingbytheU.N.—sponsoredIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Thesurvey’sauthors,whohailfrommorethan100countries,saidintheirreportFridaythattheyareatleast90percentcertainthathumanactivityaccountedforclimatechangeoverthepast50years.

“ThepurposeoftheprojectistohighlightthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheIPCCprocess,especiallyasitbearsonpolicyresponsestoclimatechange,”thetwomenwrote.“Aswithanylarge-scale‘consensus’process,theIPCCissusceptibletoself-selectionbiasinitspersonnel,resistanttoreasonablecriticismanddissent,andlikelytohavesummaryconclusionsthatarepoorlysupportedbytheanalyticalworkofthecompleteWorkingGroupreports.”

Atleasttwoacademics—TexasA&MUniversityatmosphericsciencesprofessorGeraldNorthandTexasA&MclimateresearcherStevenSchroeder—turneddownAEI’sofferbecausetheyfearedtheirworkwouldbepoliticized.

Schroeder,whohasworkedwithGreeninthepastandhasquestionedsomeaspectsoftraditionalclimatemodeling,saidinaninterviewthathedidnotthinkAEIwouldhaveskewedhisresults.Butheaddedthatheworriedhiscontributionmighthavebeenpublishedalongside“off-the-wallideas”questioningtheexistenceofglobalwarming.

“Weworriedourworkcouldbemisusedevenifweproducedareasonablereport,”Schroedersaid.“Whileanyhumanendeavorcanbecriticized,theIPCCsystemgreatlyexceedsthecooperation,opennessandscientificrigorousnessoftheprocessappliedtoanyotherproblemareathathassignificanteffectsonsociety.”

41.Theword“commission”inthefourthparagraphcanbebestreplacedby（）.

42.Someacademicsandenvironmentalistsaccuse（）ofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceofglobalwarming.

43.Advocacygroupsinclude（）.

44.JaneKocherspergeris（）.

45.KennethGreenbelieves（）.

46.Thebesttitleforthisarticleis（）.

問題1選項

A.callingthegrouptogethertodothejob

B.separatingthegroupfromdoingthejob

C.committee

D.settingupacommitteetotacklethisissue

問題2選項

A.aWashington—basedthinktank

B.asolicitor

C.anassessment

D.anassessmentgroup

問題3選項

A.AmericanEnterpriseinstituteandthePublicInstituteResearchGroup

B.GreenpeaceandAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

C.GreenpeacePublicInterestResearchGroupandAmericanEnterpriseInstitute

D.PublicInterestResearchGroupandGreenpeace

問題4選項

A.anemployerofExxonMobil

B.aU.S.congressperson

C.avictimofHurricaneKatrina

D.aspokespersonforGreenpeace

問題5選項

A.thereisaneedtocapemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming

B.thereisnoneedtocapemissionofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming

C.globalwarmingisabigprobleminmorethan100countries

D.globalwarmingisnotabigprobleminmorethan100countries

問題6選項

A.OurEnvironmentalConcerns

B.TheThreatofGlobalWarming

C.TheDebateoverGlobalWarming

D.TheBuildUpofCarbonDioxideWeFaceToday

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】41.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義辨析題。commission出現(xiàn)在文章第四段AEIvisitingscholarKennethGreen—oneoftworesearcherswhohassoughttocommissionthecritiques（美國企業(yè)研究所訪問學(xué)者肯尼斯?格林——兩名尋求委托發(fā)表評論的研究人員之一），根據(jù)第四“commission”一詞的后面一句saidinaninterviewthathisgroupisexaminingthepolicydebateonglobalwarming.（他的團(tuán)體正在研究全球變暖的政治辯論）。A選項“召集大家來做這件事”，符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項“把團(tuán)隊和工作分開”，不符合題意，可排除。C選項“委員會”，commission這里作為動詞，C選項詞性不符合，可排除。D選項“評估小組”，不符合題意，可排除。因此A選項正確。

42.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段第一句、第二句AWashington-basedthinktankhasbeensolicitingcritiques（一家總部設(shè)在華盛頓的智庫一直在征求批評意見），可知accusethegroupofseekingtodistortthelatestevidenceforglobalwarming.（指責(zé)該組織試圖歪曲全球變暖的最新證據(jù)）中的“thegroup”指的是前面的“華盛頓智庫”。A選項“華盛頓智庫”，符合文章內(nèi)容。B選項“說客”，不符合題意，可排除。C選項“評估”，不符合題意，可排除。D選項“評估小組”，不符合題意，可排除。因此A選項正確。

43.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第二段AdvocacygroupssuchasGreenpeaceandthePublicInterestResearchGroup（倡導(dǎo)組織如綠色和平組織和公共利益研究組織），說明倡導(dǎo)組織就是綠色和平組織和公共利益研究組織。D選項“公共利益研究小組和綠色和平組織”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項“美國企業(yè)研究所和公共研究所研究小組”，在文中沒有提及，可排除。B選項“綠色和平組織和美國企業(yè)研究所”、C選項“綠色和平公共利益研究小組和美國企業(yè)研究所”在文中沒有提及美國，C可排除。因此D選項正確。

44.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第三段第一句GreenpeacespokeswomanJaneKochersperger（綠色和平組織發(fā)言人JaneKochersperger）。選項D“綠色和平組織發(fā)言人”，符合文章內(nèi)容。A選項“?？松梨诠镜墓椭鳌?，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。選項B“美國國會議員”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。選項C“卡特里娜颶風(fēng)的受害者”，不符合文章內(nèi)容，可排除。因此D選項正確。

45.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到文章第六段第二句bothofwhomhavequestionedtheneedforcapsonemissionsofcarbondioxideandothergasseslinkedtoglobalwarming（兩人都對限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體排放的必要性質(zhì)疑），二者皆懷疑限制二氧化碳和其它與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的釋放的需要，根據(jù)此意可知KennethGreen認(rèn)為沒有必要限制這些氣體的釋放。選項B“沒有必要限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的排放”，符合文章內(nèi)容。選項A“有必要限制二氧化碳和其他與全球變暖有關(guān)的氣體的排放”，A選項正好與文章內(nèi)容相反。選項C“全球變暖是100多個國家的一個大問題”是文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。D選項“全球變暖在100多個國家都不是大問題”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此B選項正確。

46.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主旨大意題。從文章的第一段我們便可知道文章的主題，第一段講到華盛頓的一群智囊團(tuán)質(zhì)疑新近發(fā)布的有關(guān)全球變暖的證據(jù)報告，這導(dǎo)致了一些學(xué)術(shù)家和環(huán)境主義者對此的反駁和與智囊團(tuán)的爭辯。所以文章就是圍繞有關(guān)全球變暖的爭論開始的。C選項“關(guān)于全球變暖的爭論”，符合文章內(nèi)容。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

Paradoxically,Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthatshehasbecomequite（

）them.

問題1選項

A.reflectiveabout

B.skepticalof

C.enamoredof

D.offendedby

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。reflective反射的；沉思的；becomeskepticalof開始非常懷疑······；enamoredof迷戀；becomeoffendedby感到被冒犯。句意：自相矛盾的是，羅賓遜對早期科幻作品價值的過度否認(rèn)表明她已經(jīng)開始非常懷疑它們。由Paradoxically和Robinson’sexcessivedenialsoftheworthofearlyworksofsciencefictionsuggestthat可知B符合語境。

6.單選題

ThewholeembarrassinginthebarwasagreatdisappointmenttothemandsetabadexampleofEnglishhospitality.

問題1選項

A.incident

B.accident

C.thing

D.matter

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項incidentn.事件，事變，插曲；B選項accidentn.事故，意外；C選項thingn.事情，東西，情況；D選項mattern.物質(zhì)，原因。句意：酒吧里那件令人尷尬的事讓他們非常失望，這為英國人的好客樹立了一個不好的典范。因此，正確答案為A項。

7.單選題

Thetoneofthearticles（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

問題1選項

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。reproduce“繁殖，復(fù)制”;reflect“反映，表現(xiàn)”，reflectone'smood“反映某人的心情”，符合句意；imagine“想象，設(shè)想”；imitate“模仿，仿效”。選項B符合題意。句意：文章的語氣反映了作者當(dāng)時的心情。

8.翻譯題

Contemporarypublicexpendituremanagement(PEM)isinterestedintheprocessofbudgetingprimarilybecauseproceduralrulesstronglyinfluenceexpenditureoutcomes.PEMtakesthepositionthattheserulesaffectthreeimportantoutcomes:thetotalamountspent,thecompositionofexpenditure,andtheefficiencyofgovernmentoperations.PEMseeksproceduresthatincreasetheprobabilityofachievingpreferredoutcomes.Thekeyaspectsofbudgetingaffectingexpenditureoutcomesareinstitutionalarrangements,thetypesofinformationavailableformakingandenforcingexpendituredecisions,theincentivesprovidedforspendersandcontrollerstobehaveinwaysthatpromotedesiredoutcomes,theissuanceandimplementationofsubstantivebudgerules.TheseelementsofPEMareappliedtothethreebasicobjectivesofmodempublicexpendituremanagement:tostrengthenaggregatefiscaldiscipline,toallocatepublicresourcesinaccordwithstrategicpriorities,andtopromotetheefficientprovisionofservices.

Fiscaldisciplinerequireseffectivecontrolofbudgetaggregates:totalrevenueandspendingandthebalancebetweenthesetotals.Whenaggregatecontroliseffective,theseoutcomesaredisciplined;theyresultfromexplicit,enforceddecisionsontheaggregatesbygovernment.Theyarenotmerelythesumofpowerfuldemandsonthebudget.PEMalsoseeksallocativeefficiency.Allocativeefficiencydependsonthecapacitytoshiftresourcesfromoldprogramstonewonesandfromlesstomoreproductiveuses,incorrespondencewithchangingpublicpolicyobjectives.Finally,PEMseeksefficiencyinadministrativeoperations,theprogressivereduction,throughproductivitygains,intherunningcostofgovernmentagenciesandintheunitcostofservices.

【答案】由于程序規(guī)則會對支出結(jié)果產(chǎn)生重大影響，當(dāng)代公共支出管理(PEM)研究重點就是編制預(yù)算。公共支出管理(PEM)認(rèn)為這些規(guī)則會影響三個重要結(jié)果：支出總金額，支出構(gòu)成和政府運作效率。公共支出管理(PEM)尋求方法，以提升達(dá)到預(yù)期結(jié)果的概率。在編制預(yù)算中，影響支出結(jié)果的關(guān)鍵因素包括：制度安排、制定與實施支出決策的信息種類、保證支出者與管理者努力實現(xiàn)預(yù)期目標(biāo)的激勵手段、公布與實行大量的預(yù)算規(guī)則。這些規(guī)則旨在實現(xiàn)三個基本目標(biāo)：加強總的財政紀(jì)律、依據(jù)戰(zhàn)略重點分配公共資源、促進(jìn)提供有效服務(wù)。

財政紀(jì)律要求有效控制預(yù)算總量，總收入與總支出以及這兩者總數(shù)之間的平衡。當(dāng)總量控制是有效的，就說明支出受到財政紀(jì)律的控制。政府給予明確且需執(zhí)行的總量。這一總量并不僅僅是對預(yù)算有個明確的總量限制，公共支出管理(PEM)也還要尋求配置效率。配置效率的高低取決于資源從舊項目轉(zhuǎn)移到新項目、從低產(chǎn)向高產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移的能力大小，同時還要與不斷變化中的國家公共政策目標(biāo)保持一致。最后，公共支出管理(PEM)要尋求行政管理的效率：通過提高生產(chǎn)率，逐步減小政府機構(gòu)的運作成本、服務(wù)的單位成本。

9.單選題

Thesuggestionthatthemayor______theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

問題1選項

A.presents

B.oughttopresent

C.wouldpresent

D.present

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：大家接受了由市長頒獎的建議。一堅持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三建議(advise,suggest,propose)、四要求(demand,require,request,desire)后面可以跟賓語從句，從句用虛擬語氣，即其謂語部分用should+動詞原形，其中should可省略。這里suggest跟賓語從句，用虛擬語氣，D選項“present”符合題意。A選項presents，B選項oughttopresent和C選項wouldpresent用法錯誤。因此D選項正確。

10.單選題

Thereisno（）forhardworkandperseveranceofyouwanttosucceed.

問題1選項

A.alteration

B.equivalent

C.alternative

D.substitute

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查了名詞的辨析。alteration“改變；變化”；equivalent“相等的”；alternative“可供選擇的事物”；substitute“代替”，根據(jù)“勤奮和堅持”與“成功”之間的關(guān)系，我們可以知道一般來說“勤奮和堅持”是“成功”的必要條件，所以想要成功，除了“勤奮和堅持”之外就沒有別的選擇符合邏輯，故正確答案為選項C。句意為：你想成功的話，除了勤奮和堅持之外你沒有別的選擇。

11.單選題

LondontodayisthepoliticalandfinancialcapitalofGreatBritain.Itbegan,however,asaRomanstronghold,andfollowingtheRomansdeparture,theAnglo-SaxonsandthentheNormanscontrolledit.Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.Mostofthiscanbeattributedtothecity’seconomicdevelopment.LocatedontheThamesRiverwitheasyaccesstotheNorthSea,Londonbecameacenterofshippingandcommerce.Largecorporationswerebasedthere,whichbroughtfurtherwealth.Finally,whentheIndustrialRevolutionbegan,Londonwastransformedevenmoreandhadbecomethefinancialcenteroftheworldbythenineteenthcentury.

TheRomansconqueredBritainin43A.D.andfoundedLondon—calledLondiniumbythem—asagarrisontown,anditbecameacenterofseabornetradesoonafterward.London’slocationwasideal:ItwascentrallysituatedontheThamesRiverfarfromthecoastbutnotsofarinlandthatshipscouldnotnavigateuprivertoit.Assuch,itbecameacenteroftradeinRomanBritainandmayhavehadasmanyas60,000peopleatitsheight.ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.Anglo-Saxonincursionsledtothereoccupationofthearea,butVikinginvasionsanddecadesofinstabilitymeantthattheregionsawlittleeconomicgrowth.WhentheNormansinvadedfromFrancein1066,theychoseLondontotheircenterofgovernment,whichbeganthecity’srevival.

DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.Londonwaspoisedtotakeadvantageofthisthankstoitsgeographicallocationandpoliticalpower.ThecitycontinuedtogrowinsizeandwealththroughoutthemedievalperiodaswellasduringtheRenaissance.WhenBritainbegantogaincoloniesintheAmericasandelsewhereinthesixteenthcentury,fabulousamountsofmoneystartedfindingtheirwaytoLondon.

Atthattime,mercantilismisthereigningeconomicphilosophyinBritain.ItcalledfortheprotectingofBritishtradebetweenthehomeislandanditscolonies.ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.OneresultofthismercantilistphilosophywasthatextraordinarywealthpouredintoLondon.AtthecenterofallBritisheconomicactivity,Londongrewrapidlyandexpandedinsizeandpopulationduringthistime.

Atthesametime,thefoundingofseveralgreatcompaniesandinstitutionspavedthewayforLondontobecomethecenterofworldtradeandfinance.TheBritishEastIndiaCompany,forinstance,wasgrantedamonopolyontradeinIndia.ItwasbasedinLondon,somanytreasuresfromIndiamadetheirwaythere.Thecompanyhadtoraisemoneyforitsinitialventures,soitsoldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange,whichhaditshumblebeginningsinLondon’scoffeeshops,wheremerchantsgatheredtotradestocksandtolearnfinancialnewsfromaroundtheworld.Otherimportantinstitutions,suchastheBankofEnglandandtheinsurancefirmLloyd’sofLondon,werestartedthenaswell.

Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theIndustrialRevolutioncausedtheBritisheconomicphilosophytochangefrommercantilismtocapitalism.Tradewithoverseascoloniesbecamelessimportantwheninvestorsinfactoriesstartedbecomingrich.Britaininitiatedapolicyoffreetrade,soughttoestablishaworldwidemarket,andtradedproductsfromitsmanufacturingindustrywithanyonewhowouldpurchasethem.Londonwasatthecenterofthiseconomicaction.Thedevelopmentoffaststeamships,thetelegraph,andthetelephoneinthenineteenthcenturyconnectedLondonwiththeentireworld,soitbecametheworld’sfinancialcenter.Itsbankswereusedtotransferfundsworldwide,itsfinancialinstitutionsprovidedcapitalforinvestors,anditsdocksandwarehouseswerefilledwithrawmaterialsandgoodsfromaroundtheworld.Unfortunately,theonsetofWorldWarIin1914broughtthisentiresystemtoahalt.

21.Thewordprimedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

22.Accordingtotheparagraph2,theRomansleftLondonbecause________.

23.Inparagraph3,theauthorusesshipbuildingandmaritimetradeasexampleof________.

24.Theauthor’sdescriptionofmercantilisminparagraph4mentionswhichofthefollowing?

25.Inparagraph5,theauthor’sdescriptionoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanymentionswhichofthefollowing?

問題1選項

A.positioned

B.inspired

C.appointed

D.expected

問題2選項

A.theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedanddefeatedtheRomansinbattle

B.theentireRomanEmpirefell,sotheRomanstheredeparted

C.therewerefeweconomicbenefitstogainbylivingthere

D.theRomanshadnoneedforaseaportsofarnorthofRome

問題3選項

A.twoaspectsofthemedievaleconomyinwhichLondonwasaEuropeanleader

B.thereasonsthatBritainstartedtoacquirethecoloniesintheAmerica

C.theprimaryfactorswhyBritainbecamewealthyduringtheRenaissance

D.reasonsthatLondonstartedtobecomemoreprominentintheMiddleAges

問題4選項

A.Itfocusedonsellinggoodstoothersratherthanpurchasingthem.

B.ItwasaneconomicphilosophythathaditsoriginsinGreatBritain.

C.ItenabledLondontogrowrichattheexpenseofotherBritishcities.

D.ItcontributedtotheBritishcoloniesbeinglesswealthythanthehomeisland.

問題5選項

A.ItplayedamajorroleinthefoundingofastockexchangeinLondon.

B.ThecompanywashighlyeffectiveatkeepingIndiaunderBritishcontrol.

C.ItsstockwasmorevaluablethanthatofanyotherBritishcorporation.

D.SeveralmembersoftheBritishgovernmentwereshareholdersinit.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】21.語義推測題。Prime的意思是“使準(zhǔn)備好，使進(jìn)入狀態(tài)”，根據(jù)第一段第三句Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.（倫敦在中世紀(jì)時期大幅增長，到了16世紀(jì)，預(yù)計將成為增長速度史無前例的經(jīng)濟中心。），因為倫敦在中世紀(jì)時期大幅增長，所以有了后面成為增長速度史無前例的經(jīng)濟中心的結(jié)果，這里有一個推斷關(guān)系，所以D選項“預(yù)期”符合題意。A選項“放置”，B選項“鼓舞”和C選項“委任”不符合題意，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

22.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第四句ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.（但五世紀(jì)羅馬帝國的衰落導(dǎo)致羅馬人放棄了不列顛，所以有一段時間，倫敦實際上是空的。），羅馬帝國的衰落讓羅馬人離開倫敦，所以B選項“整個羅馬帝國滅亡了，所以那里的羅馬人離開了”正確，A選項“盎格魯?撒克遜人入侵并打敗了羅馬人”，C選項“住在那里幾乎沒有什么經(jīng)濟利益”和D選項“羅馬人不需要在羅馬北部這樣偏遠(yuǎn)的地方建海港”不符合題意。因此B選項正確。

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.（中世紀(jì)中后期，倫敦作為一個城鎮(zhèn)和經(jīng)濟中心擴張，由于造船和海上貿(mào)易的增加，歐洲世界變得更加聯(lián)系緊密。），可知英國在中世紀(jì)變成經(jīng)濟中心是因為造船和海上貿(mào)易，所以D選項“倫敦在中世紀(jì)開始變得更加突出的原因”正確。A選項“在中世紀(jì)，倫敦在這兩個方面的經(jīng)濟是歐洲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”不是表達(dá)的重點，而且文章的意思是英國經(jīng)濟在總體上在歐洲領(lǐng)先，故錯誤。B選項“英國開始在美洲獲得殖民地的原因”和C選項“英國在文藝復(fù)興時期變得富有的主要因素”這里沒有提到，故錯誤。因此D選項正確。

24.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項“注重于向別人銷售商品而不是購買商品”：根據(jù)第四段第四句Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.（其主要目標(biāo)是實現(xiàn)貿(mào)易順差和積累黃金和白銀。），可知是注重出口，也就是注重銷售，所以正確。B選項“這是起源于英國的經(jīng)濟哲學(xué)”：mercantilismisthereigningeconomic（重商主義是英國占統(tǒng)治地位的經(jīng)濟哲學(xué)），這里并沒有表示這起源于英國，故錯誤。C選項“讓倫敦以犧牲其他英國城市為代價而致富”：根據(jù)第四段第三句ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.（政府因此頒布了對進(jìn)口商品征稅的法律，保護(hù)英國的貿(mào)易。），可知英國同時保護(hù)本土與殖民地的貿(mào)易，故錯誤。D選項“讓英國殖民地不如本國島富?！保何恼聸]有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

25.事實細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第四、五句Thecompany…soldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange（該公司……出售股票，讓投資者分得它正在積累的部分財富。這幫助建立了倫敦證券交易所），可知東印度公司出售股票的舉動推動建立倫敦證券交易所，所以A選項“在倫敦證券交易所的建立中發(fā)揮了重要作用”正確。B選項“非常有效地將印度置于英國的控制之下”，C選項“其股票比任何其他英國公司的股票更有價值”和D選項“英國政府的幾個成員是它的股東”文章沒有提到，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

12.單選題

Greatandsignificantmusiccan,however,bewrittenonthemesthatare,inthemselves,（）.

問題1選項

A.quitelovely

B.verymagnificent

C.intriguing

D.trivial

【答案】B

【解析】magnificent壯麗的,宏偉的；intriguing有趣的,迷人的；trivial瑣碎的。句意：然而,偉大而有意義的音樂可以寫在本身就非常宏偉的主題上。選項B符合語境。

13.單選題

Heistotally（）tootherpeople’sattitudes.

問題1選項

A.concerned

B.careless

C.indifferent

D.cold

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項concerned“有關(guān)的；關(guān)心的”；B選項careless“粗心的；無憂無慮的”；C選項indifferent“冷淡的；不關(guān)心的”D選項cold“冷淡的，不熱情的”。句意：他對別人的態(tài)度漠不關(guān)心。beindifferentto是固定搭配，表示“對…漠不關(guān)心”，因此C項正確。

14.單選題

Itisour（）policythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.

問題1選項

A.consistent

B.considerate

C.certain

D.decisive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項consistent“始終如一的，一致的，堅持的”；B選項considerate“體貼的，體諒的，考慮周到的”；C選項certain“某一，必然的”；D選項decisive“決定性的，果斷的，堅定的”。句意：通過和平方式實現(xiàn)團(tuán)結(jié)是我們_____政策。這里表達(dá)的是“一貫的政策”，因此A選項符合題意。

15.單選題

Accidentsarecaused;theydon’tjusthappen.Thereasonmaybeeasytosee:anoverloadedtray,ashelfoutofreach,apatchoficeontheroad.Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.

Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.

Bydefinition,anaccidentissomethingyoucannotpredictoravoid,andtheideawhichusedtobecurrent,thatthemajorityofroadaccidentsarecausedbyaminorityofcriminallycarelessdrivers,isnotsupportedbyinsurancestatistics.Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.

Itisnotalways,clear,either,whatsortofconditionsmakepeoplemorelikelytohaveanaccident.Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.Theseaccidentsarelargelytheresultofhumanerrorormisjudgment—noiseandfatigue,boredomorworryarepossiblefactorswhichcontributetothis.Doctorswhoworkinfactorieshavefoundthatthosewhodrinktoomuch,usuallypeoplewhohaveahighanxietylevel,runthreetimesthenormalriskofaccidentsatwork.

1.Thepassagemightbetakenfrom______.

2.Thewriterindicatesthat______.

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasafactorofaccidents?

4.“Accident-prone”(Para2)probablymeans______.

5.Whichoffollowingcouldserveasthebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.atextbook

B.asciencefiction

C.apopularmagazine

D.anannualreportofacompany

問題2選項

A.Britishpeopleareoftenabsentminded.

B.doctorsshouldworkinfactoriestoavoidaccidents.

C.driversarethefactorleadingtoroadaccidents.

D.therearealwayssomepeoplewhofailtoobserveregulations.

問題3選項

A.anxiety

B.tiredness

C.badweather

D.carelessness

問題4選項

A.liabletohaveaccidents

B.likelytobekilledinaccidents

C.responsibleforroadaccidents

D.possibletoavoidaccidents

問題5選項

A.CausesofAccidents

B.PreventionofAccidents

C.ResultsofAccidents

D.AccidentsandAnxiety

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章可能出自……”。本文主要講述的是事故發(fā)生的人為原因，第一段點明主題Accidentsarecaused;theydon'tjusthappen.（事故是人為造成的，不是自然發(fā)生的）；第二段和第三段講交通事故發(fā)生的人為原因；第四段進(jìn)一步分析舉例論證事故發(fā)生的人為因素。這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)相比較而言更可能出現(xiàn)在教科書上，A項“一本教科書”正確；事故的原因不可能會出現(xiàn)在B項“一本科幻小說”、C項“一本受歡迎的雜志”或者D項“一份公司年度報告”中。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“作者指出……”。根據(jù)第四段中的Forinstance,thelawrequiresallfactoriestotakesafetyprecautionsandmostcompanieshavesafetycommitteestomakesuretheregulationsareobserved,butstill,everydayinBritain,somefiftythousandmenandwomenareabsentfromworkduetoanaccident.（例如，法律要求所有工廠采取安全預(yù)防措施，大多數(shù)公司都有安全委員會以確保這些規(guī)定得到遵守，但是，在英國每天仍然有大約5萬名男女由于事故而缺勤）可知，A項“英國人經(jīng)常心不在焉”和D項“總有一些人不遵守規(guī)章制度”與文章不符；B項“醫(yī)生應(yīng)該在工廠工作以避免事故”沒有提到；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機一時的粗心大意造成的）可知，C項“司機是導(dǎo)致交通事故的因素”表述無誤。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題干意思是“下列哪一個選項沒有被提到是導(dǎo)致事故的因素？”。第一段最后一句話指出Butmoreoftenthannotthereisachainofeventsleadinguptothemisfortune—frustration,tirednessorjustbadtemper—thatshowwhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattackononeself.（但往往是一連串的事件導(dǎo)致了不幸—沮喪、疲勞或只是壞脾氣—事故其實是對自己的一種攻擊。）可知，A項“焦慮”和B項“疲憊”正確；根據(jù)第三段最后一句Theseshowthatmostaccidentsinvolveordinarymotoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.（這些數(shù)據(jù)表明，大多數(shù)事故都是由于普通司機一時的粗心大意造成的）可知，D項“粗心大意”也正確；只有C項“天氣不好”在文中沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】語義推測題。題干意思是“第二段中的‘Accident-prone’可能是什么意思？”。根據(jù)第二段Roadaccidents,forexample,happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoareaccident-prone,sooftenatoddswiththemselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesorothers.（例如，交通事故經(jīng)常發(fā)生在家庭爭吵之后，我們都知道那些accident-prone的人，他們經(jīng)常與自己和世界發(fā)生沖突，以至于他們似乎給自己或他人造成了事故。），結(jié)合語境可以推測，“accident-prone”的意思是“容易發(fā)生事故的”，A項“容易發(fā)生事故”正確；B項“可能在事故中死亡”、C項“對交通事故負(fù)責(zé)”和D項“可能避免事故”都不對。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“下列哪一個可以作為這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題？”。整篇文章通篇講述的是引起事故的一些因素和原因，因此A項“事故的原因”最符合；B項“預(yù)防交通事故”、C項“事故的結(jié)果”和D項“事故和焦慮”概括都不夠準(zhǔn)確。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

16.單選題

InhistypicallyAmericanopenstyleofcommunication,Mr.HayesconfrontedIsabetaaboutnotlookingathim.Reluctantly,sheexplainedwhy.AsanewcomerfromMexico,shehadbeentaughttoavoideyecontactasamarkofrespecttoauthorityfigures,teachers,employers,parents.Mr.Hayesdidnotknowthis.HetheninformedherthatmostAmericasinterpretlackofeyecontactasdisrespectanddeviousness.Ultimately,heconvincedIsabelatotryandchangeherhabit,whichsheslowlydid.

PeoplefrommanyAsian,LatinAmerican,andCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.ManyAfricanAmericas,especiallyfromtheSouth,observethiscustom,too.Amaster’sthesisbySamuelAvoian,agraduatestudentatCentralMissouriStateUniversity,tellshowmisinterpretingeye-contactcustomscanhaveanegativeimpactwhenwhitefootballcoachesrecruitAfricanAmericanplayersfortheteams.

Hereportsthat,whenspeaking,whitecommunicatorsusuallylookawayfromthelistener,onlyperiodicallyglancingatthem.Theydotheopposite,whenlisteningtheyareexpected