考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉林師范大學考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem（）tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.

問題1選項

A.hostile

B.tedious

C.fantastic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】hostile敵對的,充滿敵意的；tedious單調(diào)乏味的；fantastic極好的；courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應(yīng)該是和下文提到的刺激,令人興奮和令人滿意相反意義的詞。所以選項B符合句意。

2.單選題

X.(IntellectualProperties)

WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).ThispanelmayoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicareifQualityKing“undercutsthetheoryorreasoningunderlyingthepriorcircuitprecedentinsuchawaythatthecasesareclearlyirreconcilable”.

ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.QualityKinginvolved“roundtrip”importation;aproductwithaU.S.copyrightedlabelwasmanufacturedinsidetheUnitedStates,exportedtoanauthorizedforeigndistributor,soldtounidentifiedthirdpartiesoverseas,shippedbackintotheUnitedStateswithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,andthensoldinCaliforniabyunauthorizedretailers.TheCourtheldthat109(a)canprovideadefensetoanactionunder602(a)inthiscontext.However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).Moreover,theCourtneverdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“l(fā)awfullymadeunderthistide”means.

WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘a(chǎn)cquiredabroad’languagedoes”.Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.

WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.ThecommonunderstandingofthepresumptionagainstextraterritorialityisthataU.S.statute“appliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythestatute?”

OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale

87.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtotheparagraphs?

88.ThesecondissuethecourtinOmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesaleconsiderediswhether___.

89.Theunderlinedsentencemeansthat___.

90.Whichofthefollowingstatementisbesttodescribethelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.QualityKingisacasedecidedbytheSupremeCourtoftheUS.

B.QualityKingisacaseregardingintellectualproperties.

C.QualityKingoverruledBMGMusic,DrugEmporiumandDenbicare.

D.TheCourtinQualityKingdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.

問題2選項

A.thecourt’sgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

B.theSupremeCourt’sreasoninginQualityKingcannotreconcilewiththecourt’sdecisionregarding109(a)

C.109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”

D.theSupremeCourtdiscussedthescopeof109(a)ordefinedwhat“l(fā)awfullymadeunderthistitle”meant

問題3選項

A.QualityKingdismissedaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

B.merelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofforeignsalesdoesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymore

C.thetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireanextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct

D.theconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightActwasrejectedinQualityKing

問題4選項

A.Thecourt’sviewontheapplicationscopeof109(a)isnotirreconcilablewiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

B.Costco’scontentionwasrejectedbecauseitcontradictstheSupremeCourt’sviewonextraterritoriality.

C.ThegeneralunderstandingofextraterritorialitydoesnotconflictwiththeSupremeCourt’sviewonthesametopic.

D.AUnitedStatesstatuteappliesonlytoconductoccurringwithin,orhavingeffectwithin,theterritoryoftheUnitedStates.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】87.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句ItisclearthatQualityKingdidnotdirectlyoverruleBMGMusic,DrugEmporium,andDenbicare.（很明顯，QualityKing并沒有直接否決BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare）可知C選項“QualityKing否決了BMGMusic,DrugEmporium和Denbicare”錯誤；根據(jù)第一段第一句WenowaddressthedegreetowhichtheSupremeCourt’sdecisioninQualityKinginvalidatesthiscircuit’sconstructionof109(a).（我們現(xiàn)在討論的是最高法院在“質(zhì)量王”一案中的判決在多大程度上推翻了本巡回法院第109(a)號判決）可知A選項“QualityKing是美國最高法院裁決的案件”符合原文；However,becausethefactsinvolvedonlydomesticallymanufacturedcopies,theCourtdidnotaddresstheeffectof109(a)onclaimsinvolvingunauthorizedimportationofcopiesmadeabroad.(Ginsburg,J.,concurring)(“Wedonottodayresolvecasesinwhichtheallegedlyinfringingimportsweremanufacturedabroad.”).（但是，由于事實只涉及國內(nèi)制造的復(fù)制品，法院沒有處理第109(a)條對涉及未經(jīng)授權(quán)進口國外制造的復(fù)制品的索賠的影響。（Ginsburg,J.，贊同）（“我們今天不解決涉嫌侵權(quán)的進口產(chǎn)品是在國外制造的案件?！保┛芍狟選項“QualityKing是一個關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的案例”以及D選項“法院關(guān)于QualityKing沒有處理第109(a)條對涉及未經(jīng)授權(quán)進口海外制式副本的索賠的影響”符合原文。因此C選項符合題意。

88.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段開頭WenextconsiderwhetherthereasoningofQualityKingisclearlyirreconcilablewithourgeneralrulethat109(a)islimitedtocopies“heUnitedStates”.Thebasisforthatrulewasourconcernthatapplying109(a)toforeign-madecopieswouldviolatethepresumptionagainsttheextraterritorialapplicationofU.S.law.（我們接下來要考慮的是，QualityKing的理由是否明顯與我們的一般規(guī)則不一致，即109(a)僅限于“合法制作……在美國”。該規(guī)則的依據(jù)是，我們擔心對外國制作的副本適用109（a）將違反美國法律域外適用的推定。）以及第三段結(jié)尾Costcocontendsthatthisexplanationisirreconcilablewithourinterpretationof109(a)inBMGMusic.（Costco認為這一解釋與我們對BMGMusic中109(a)的解釋是不一致的）可知法院在OmegaS.A.V.CostcoWholesale案中考慮的第二個問題為C選項“109(a)僅限于‘合法制作……在美國’”，同時可知A選項“法院的一般規(guī)則是109(a)僅限于‘合法制作……在美國’”錯誤，原文未提及法院的一般規(guī)則；B選項“最高法院關(guān)于質(zhì)量國王的理由與法院關(guān)于109(a)的決定不能調(diào)和”和D選項“最高法院討論了第109(a)條的范圍或定義了‘根據(jù)本標題依法作出’的含義”不符合原文。因此C選項正確。

89.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文劃線句子QualityKingdismissedasimilarconcernthatthetriggeringof109(a)byforeignsaleswouldrequireaninvalidextraterritorialapplicationoftheCopyrightAct,explainingthatmerelyrecognizingtheoccurrenceofsuchsales“doesnotrequiretheextraterritorialapplicationoftheActanymorethan602(a)’s‘a(chǎn)cquiredabroad’languagedoes”.（QualityKing駁斥了一個類似的擔憂，即外國銷售觸發(fā)109（a）將要求對《版權(quán)法》進行無效的域外適用，解釋說，僅僅承認此類銷售的發(fā)生“并不需要該法的域外適用，正如602（a）‘在國外獲得的’語言所要求的那樣”）可知選D選項“在QualityKing中，關(guān)于109(a)的國外銷售會導致著作權(quán)法的域外適用無效的擔憂被否決了”；A選項“QualityKing駁回了著作權(quán)法域外的無效適用”，B選項“僅僅承認國外銷售的發(fā)生不再需要本法的域外適用”以及C選項“通過國外銷售觸發(fā)109(a)將需要著作權(quán)法的域外適用”和原文不符。因此D選項正確。

90.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段WerejectCostco’scontentionandholdthattheSupremeCourt’sbriefdiscussiononextraterritorialityisnot“clearlyirreconcilable”withourgenerallimitationof109(a)tocopiesthatarelawfullymadeintheUnitedStates.（我們拒絕Costco的論點，并認為最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的簡短討論并非“明顯不可調(diào)和”，我們的一般限制是109（a）對在美國合法制作的副本）可知作者表達的是最高法院對治外法權(quán)的解釋和109（a）只限于在美國合法生產(chǎn)并不是明顯矛盾的，選A選項“法院關(guān)于109(a)條適用范圍的觀點與最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的觀點并非不可調(diào)和”，同時可知C選項“對治外法權(quán)的一般理解與最高法院對同一專題的看法并不沖突”錯誤；B選項“Costco的論點被駁回了，因為它與最高法院關(guān)于治外法權(quán)的觀點相矛盾”以及D選項“美國法令僅適用于發(fā)生在美國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)或在美國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)有效的行為”和最后一段不符。因此A選項正確。

3.單選題

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumenttermsformanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalsointime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionoflight.Asweallknow,lightishot;mysourceoflight-fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomes.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingtheformoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.

1.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperationswere（

）.

2.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat

（

）.

3.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause

（

）.

4.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（

）.

問題1選項

A.fashionable

B.extraordinary

C.special

D.basic

問題2選項

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

D.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

問題3選項

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylight

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

問題4選項

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye

B.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

C.memademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章開頭‘Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.’20世紀60年代之前，外科手術(shù)使用過的工具有：石頭，鋒利的骨頭和角，金屬刀，橡膠和塑料。確定這些工具都是很基本的，D選項正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段中所舉的眼科手術(shù)的例子可知，使用激光做手術(shù)，可以讓患者感覺輕松和舒服，不需要很長時間就能恢復(fù)，徹底改變了外科手術(shù)的方法，C選項正確。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentratedThismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.然而，激光束中的光是集中的，這意味著不需要比普通電燈泡產(chǎn)生更多的能量就能點燃，當它集中在一個針尖大小的光束上時，就會變得非常強烈?！笨芍?，激光光束強是因為它的光束沒有分散，而是集中成針尖大小的光束，所以A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)“Noknives,nounwanteddamage—truesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.沒有刀，沒有不必要的傷害——真正的外科奇跡。手術(shù)曾經(jīng)讓病人精疲力竭，需要很長時間的恢復(fù)，現(xiàn)在讓他們感到放松和舒適?！笨芍?，使用激光做外科手術(shù)，可以讓病人遭受極少的痛苦，B選項正確。

4.單選題

Wecannotimaginewhatatoughjobitistoreadmusicfromaphotocopyofahandwritten（）inoldGerman.

問題1選項

A.submission

B.manuscript

C.substance

D.manipulation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項submission“屈服，提交”，B選項manuscript“手稿，手抄本”，C選項substance“物質(zhì)，要旨”，D選項manipulation“操縱，篡改”，句意：我們無法想象從古德語手抄本上閱讀音樂是一項多么困難的工作。因此，B選項符合句意。

5.單選題

Tobetermedscientific,amethodofinquirymustbebasedongatheringobservable,empiricalandmeasurableevidence（

）tospecificprinciplesofreasoning.

問題1選項

A.superfluous

B.scrupulous

C.object

D.subject

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。Superfluous“多余的，不必要的”；scrupulous“細心的，小心謹慎的”；object“目標（名詞）”；subject“易遭受……的，受……支配”。根據(jù)固定搭配subjectto“使服從，受制于”，句意：科學的研究方法必須以收集可觀察的、經(jīng)驗的和可測量的證據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，并遵循特定的推理原則。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Mr.Smithbecamevery____whenitwassuggestedthathehadmadeamistake.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.empirical

C.objective

D.indignant

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ingenious精巧的；新穎獨特的B.empirical經(jīng)驗主義的

C.objective客觀的D.indignant憤慨的；憤怒的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】句意：當有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一個錯誤時，他變得非?！８鶕?jù)邏輯，當有人指出自己錯誤的時候，人們會感到非常憤怒。因此史密斯先生被指出錯誤時會變得憤怒。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】當有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一個錯誤時，他變得非常憤怒。

7.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

IntheUnitedStateofAmericahouseshavechangedassocialcustomschanged.Atfirst,AmericanhousesfollowedthepatternsbroughtfromEuropebytheearlyimmigrants,but,sincetimberwasthemosteasilyobtainedmaterial,boardedwallsandshingleroofslargelyreplacedbricksandtiles.Lately,differentregionshaveevolvedtheirownmethodsofhousebuildingtosuitlocalconditions;forinstance,alowramblinghousewithwidelyspreadingeaves,istypicalofthePacificcoast.Inaddition,theplanofthehousehasbeguntochangeastheAmericanwayoflifehasdivergedmoreandmorefromtheEuropean.Housesarelessformal,androomsmergeoneintotheother,providingmorespaceforgeneralfamilylifeandfewerroomsforspecialpurposes.

【答案】在美國，房屋隨著社會習俗的改變而改變。起初，美國的房屋仿效早期移民從歐洲帶來的模式。但由于木材是最容易獲得的材料，木板墻和木瓦屋頂大量取代了磚塊和瓦。最近，不同的地區(qū)發(fā)展出了適合當?shù)貤l件的房屋建造方法；例如，布局凌亂的低矮房子有著散開的屋檐，是典型的太平洋海岸建筑。此外，隨著美國人的生活方式越來越不同于歐洲人，住宅的規(guī)劃也開始改變。住宅不那么正式，房間相互融合，為一般家庭生活提供了更多的空間，特殊用途的空間也變少了。

8.單選題

Theladywasinanguishuntilsheknewthatherhusband’slifewassavedfinally.

問題1選項

A.distress

B.despair

C.question

D.dilemma

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。anguish表示“痛苦，苦惱”；A項distress“不幸，悲痛”，B項despair“絕望，喪失信心”，C項question“詢問，懷疑”，D項dilemma“進退兩難”。句意：那位女士非常痛苦，直到她知道她丈夫的生命終于得救。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

9.單選題

OliveoilhasbeenoneofthestaplesoftheMediterraneandietforthousandsofyearsanditspopularityisgrowingrapidlyinotherpartsoftheworld.Itisoneofthemostversatileoilsforcookinganditenhancesthetasteofmanyfoods.Oliveoilistheonlytypeofvegetable/fruitoilthatcanbeobtainedfromjustpressing.Mostothertypesofpopularoils(cor,canola,etc.)mustbeprocessedinotherwaystoobtaintheoil.Anotherimportantbonusisthatoliveoilhasprovenhealthbenefits.Threebasicgradesofoliveoilaremostoftenavailabletotheconsumer:extraVirgin;VirginandOliveOil.Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.Thesefactorsallcontributetotheindividualcharacteristicsoftheoliveoil.

Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.Oliveswillsurviveonverypoorsiteswithshallowsoilsbutwillgrowveryslowlyandyieldpoorly.Deepsoilstendtoproduceexcessivelyvigoroustrees,alsowithloweryields.Theidealsiteforoliveoilproductionisaclayloamsoilwithgoodinternalandsurfacedrainage.Irrigationisnecessarytoproduceheavycropsandavoidalternatebearing.Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.Thegrowingseasonalsomustbewarmenoughsofruitsmaturebeforeevenlightfallfrosts(usuallybyearlyNovember)becauseofpotentialdamagetothefruitandoilquality.Fortunatelyolivetreesareveryhardyinhotsummertemperaturesandtheyaredroughttolerant.

Thebestoliveoilsholdacertificatebyanindependentorganizationthatauthenticatesthestonegroundandcoldpressedextractionprocess.Inthisprocess,olivesarefirstharvestedbyhandattheproperstageofripenessandmaturity.Expertsfeelthathandharvesting,asopposedtomechanicalharvesting,eliminatesbruisingofthefruitwhichcausestartnessandoilacidity.Theolivesharvestedaretransferreddailytothemill.Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.Someextravirginoliveoilproducersareknowntotransfertheolivesbymulti-tontrucksoverlongdistancesthatexposethefragilefruittocrushingweightandthehotsun,whichcausestheolivestobeginoxidizingandthusbecomingacidic.Inadditiontothetimelapsebetweenharvestingandpressing,oliveoilmustbeobtainedusingmechanicalprocessesonlytobeconsideredvirginorextravirgin.Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.

Onceatthemill,theleavesaresuckedawaywithairfansandtheolivesarewashedwithcirculatingpotablewatertoremoveallimpurities.Thefirststepofextractionismashingtheolivestocreateapaste.Theoil,comprising20%to30%oftheolive,isnestledinpocketswithinthefruit’scells.Theolivesarecrushedinamillwithtwogranitemillstonesrollingwithinametalbasin.Crushingandmixingtheolivesreleasestheoilfromthecellsoftheolivewithoutheatingthepaste.Asideshutteronthemill’sbasinallowsthemixedolivepastetobedischargedandappliedtoroundmats.Thematsarestackedandplacedundertheheadofahydraulicpressframethatappliesdownwardpressureandextractstheoil.Thefirstpressingyieldsthesuperiorqualityoil,andthesecondandthirdpressingsproduceinferiorqualityoil.Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.Theolivepulpisplacedonmatsconstructedwithhemporpolypropylenethatarestackedandthenpressedtosqueezethepulp.Oilandwaterfilterthroughthematstoacollectiontankbelow.Thewaterandoilarethenseparatedinacentrifuge.

Regardlessofthemethodusedforthefirstpressing,thetemperatureoftheoilduringproductionisextremelyimportantinordertomaintainthedistinctcharacteristicsoftheoil.Ifthetemperatureoftheoilclimbsabove86°F,itwillbedamagedandcannotbeconsideredcold-pressed.

Thefirstpressingoilcontainsthemost“polyphenols”,substancesthathavebeenfoundtobepowerfulantioxidantscapableofprotectingagainstcertaintypesofdisease.Thepolyphenolsarenottheonlysubstancesintheolivewithhealth-promotingeffects,buttheyarequiteuniquewhencomparedtoothercommonlyusedculinaryoilssuchassunflowerandsoy.Itisthesepolyphenolsthatreallysetextravirginoliveoilsapartfromanyotheroilandanyotherformofoliveoil.Themorerefinedtheoliveoilis,thesmallerthequantityofpolyphenols.

Theresultoftheproducer’seffortsisacoldpressedextravirginoliveoilwithhighqualitystandardsandorganolepticcharacteristics,whichgivetheoilitshealth-protectiveandaromaticproperties.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffecttheindividualfeaturesofoliveoilsfromdifferentregions?

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTpartofolivetreemanagement?

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemaindangeroffrost?

4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffectthe“extravirgin”oliveoilcertification?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.Pickingtechniques

B.Thedateofthepicking

C.Olivevarieties

D.Accesstowater

問題2選項

A.Carefulwatering

B.Replanting

C.Killingparasites

D.Feeding

問題3選項

A.Killstheolivetrees.

B.Thefruitwon’tmature.

C.Notenoughfruitwillbeproduced.

D.Theolivesproducedwillbesmallinsize.

問題4選項

A.Thetemperatureoftheextractionprocess.

B.Thetimegapbetweentreeandbottle.

C.Whichpressingtheoilistakenfrom.

D.Usingwaterintheextractionprocess.

問題5選項

A.Olivetreesdon’tneedaregularsupplyofwatertosurvive.

B.Noothercookingoilsapartfromoliveoilcontainpolyphenols.

C.Damagetoolivesbeforetheyarepressedcanaffectthetasteoftheoil.

D.Manyproducersextractedmoreoilafterthefirstpressingtoproducevirgin.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第七句話“Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.（除了基本等級外，不同國家或地區(qū)的橄欖油也有所不同，原因在于所種植的橄欖的種類、收獲方法、收獲時間和壓榨技術(shù)。）”，由此可知A選項“采摘技術(shù)”；B選項“收獲時間”；C選項“橄欖的品種”都會影響橄欖油的特性，只有D選項“供水”不會影響，因此D選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第一句話“Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.（為了獲得良好的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量，橄欖樹必須得到適當?shù)淖o理，護理包括定期灌溉、修剪、施肥和滅蟲。）”，由此可知A選項“小心灌溉”；C選項“滅蟲”；D選項“喂養(yǎng)”都是橄欖樹護理的一部分，只有B選項“再植”不是，因此B選項正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段的第六句話“Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.（該地點必須不受嚴冬霜凍的影響，因為在15°F以下的溫度下，橄欖樹會受到損害，而一段時間的嚴寒天氣可能會毀掉一個好收成的機會。）”，由此可推斷出霜凍會殺死橄欖樹。B選項“水果不會成熟”；C選項“水果產(chǎn)量不夠”；D選項“所生產(chǎn)的橄欖體積較小”都是附帶提及，只有A選項“殺死橄欖樹”才是主要的危險。因此A選項正確。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.（這是非常重要的，因為每天的轉(zhuǎn)換將采摘和按壓之間的時間減少到最小。）”和“Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.（如果用加熱和/或化學方法生產(chǎn)橄欖油，或者時間間隔太長，就不能稱之為初榨或特級初榨橄欖油。）”，由此可知除了采摘和壓榨時間考究外，還有熱量和化學過程需要注意。A選項“提取過程的溫度”；B選項“樹和瓶子之間的時間間隔”；C選項“用哪種方式壓榨”都會影響“特級初榨”橄欖油認證，只有D選項“在提取過程中用水”文章沒有提到，因此D選項正確。

5.細節(jié)事實題。A選項“橄欖樹不需要定期供水來生存”說法錯誤，文章第二段就提到了橄欖樹需要定期灌溉；B選項“除橄欖油外，沒有其他食用油含有多酚”文章沒有提及；C選項“橄欖壓榨前的損壞會影響油的味道”說法正確，文中第三段有說到橄欖受到損害后會呈酸性；D選項“許多生產(chǎn)商在第一次壓榨后提取了更多的油來生產(chǎn)初榨油”說法錯誤，文中第四段說到“Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.（一些單一的地產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)商只收集最初壓榨產(chǎn)生的油，而許多其他生產(chǎn)商使用額外的步驟來提取更多的油。）”因此C選項正確。

10.單選題

Theearthquakeof26thDecember,2004resultedinoneoftheworstnaturaldisastersinlivingmemory.Itwasa（1）underwaterquakeandoccurredintheIndianOcean.It（2）coastlines,communitiesandbroughtdeathtoomanypeople.

Whydoearthquakeshappen?

Thesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving（3）(althoughveryslowly)andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.Thisisone

（4）

ofearthquakes,whenonesectionoftheearth(tectonicplate)

（5）

another.Scientistscanpredictwherebutnot

（6）thismighthappenandtheareabetweenplatesiscalledafaultline.OnonefaultlineinKobe,Japanin1923over200,000peoplewerekilled.

（7）

,earthquakesdonotalwayshappenonfaultlines,

（8）iswhytheyaresodangerousand

（9）

.

Wheredovolcanoeshappen?

Volcanoeshappenwheretheearth’s

（10）

isthin:lava,dustandgases（11）frombeneaththeearth.Theycanriseintoahugeconeshapelikeamountainanderupt,

（12）theycanbesoviolent

（13）

theyjustexplodedirectlyfromtheearthwithnowarning.Thereare1,511（14）volcanoesintheworld.Thismeansthattheymay

（15）BEDANGEROUS.In1985theColombianvolcanoNevadoDelRuizerupted.Thelavameltedaglacierandsenttonesofmud

（16）thetownbelow.Twentythousandpeopledied.

Naturaldisasterslikevolcaniceruptionsarcoftenunpredictable.Weregularlydonotknowwhenthey

（17）happen,or

（18）wheretheywillhappen.Inthefuture,scientistsmaybeabletowatchandpredict

（19）beforetheyhappen.Thiscould（20）manylives.

問題1選項

A.massive

B.significant

C.great

D.grand

問題2選項

A.changed

B.converted

C.destroyed

D.transformed

問題3選項

A.frequently

B.periodically

C.regularly

D.continuously

問題4選項

A.source

B.cause

C.movement

D.reason

問題5選項

A.collideswith

B.confrontswith

C.meetswith

D.faceswith

問題6選項

A.how

B.why

C.when

D.what

問題7選項

A.Generally

B.However

C.Similarly

D.Anyway

問題8選項

A.which

B.it

C.this

D.that

問題9選項

A.irresistible

B.inevitable

C.unaccountable

D.unpredictable

問題10選項

A.surface

B.appearance

C.crust

D.cover

問題11選項

A.burstout

B.flowedout

C.leakedout

D.trickledout

問題12選項

A.and

B.or

C.nor

D.but

問題13選項

A.like

B.for

C.as

D.that

問題14選項

A.living

B.alive

C.active

D.live

問題15選項

A.relatively

B.still

C.hardly

D.gradually

問題16選項

A.beyond

B.on

C.across

D.down

問題17選項

A.might

B.should

C.must

D.areto

問題18選項

A.though

B.whether

C.even

D.else

問題19選項

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.occasions

D.events

問題20選項

A.rescue

B.save

C.preserve

D.shelter

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:D

第10題:C

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:D

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:D

第20題:B

【解析】（1）形容詞詞義辨析。A選項massive“大而重的，巨大的”；B選項significant“重要的，暗示的，有含義的”；C選項great“大的，巨大的，非常的，很多的”；D選項grand“壯觀的，神氣活現(xiàn)的，顯赫的”，根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“嚴重的災(zāi)難”，A選項正確。

（2）動詞詞義辨析。A選項change“改變”；B選項convert“改變（某事物）的形式或用途”；C選項destroy“摧毀，毀壞”；D選項transform“完全改變某物外觀或特性”，本句句意為‘地震毀壞了海岸線、社區(qū)，給太多人帶來了死亡’。根據(jù)句意可知這里強調(diào)“摧毀，毀壞”，C選項正確。

（3）副詞詞義辨析。A選項frequently“頻繁地，屢次，時?！?；B選項periodically“周期性地，偶爾，定期地”，C選項regularly“有規(guī)律地，經(jīng)常地，習慣性地，定期地，整齊地,均勻地”；D選項continuously“連續(xù)不斷地，接連地”，句意‘地球表面一直以來都在“持續(xù)”運動，’D選項符合句意。

（4）名詞詞義辨析。A選項source“來源，根源”；B選項cause“原因，導致某事物發(fā)生的事物、人等”；C選項movement“運動”；D選項reason“理由，動機”，根據(jù)句意“地球表面的持續(xù)運動是導致地震的原因”，表示發(fā)生的客觀起因應(yīng)該用cause，B選項正確。

（5）動詞短語詞義辨析。A選項collidewith“（指運動中的物體或人）猛撞某物或互撞”；B選項confrontwith“使某人面對或正視令人不快、令人頭疼等的人/事物”；C選項meetwith“碰見（某人），相逢；D選項"facewith“面對或面向某人/某事物”，由常識和句意‘地震是地殼的不同板塊“碰撞”所造成的，’A選項正確。

（6）疑問詞詞義辨析。A選項how“如何，多少，怎樣”；B選項why“為什么”；C選項when“何時，什么時候”；D選項what“什么”，由句意和語境‘科學家已經(jīng)能分析出地震的原因和預(yù)測其發(fā)生的地點，只有時間無法確認?！疌選項正確。

（7）副詞詞義辨析。A選項generally“普遍地，一般來說”；B選項however“然而，不過，可是”；C選項similarly“同樣地，類似于”；D選項anyway“總之，無論如何”，此處與前一句形成轉(zhuǎn)折，說明地震不一定都發(fā)生在斷裂帶，因此地震很危險且難以預(yù)測。所以填表示轉(zhuǎn)折意思的副詞，B選項However更符合語境。

（8）非限制性定語從句的用法。句意為“然而，地震并不總發(fā)生在斷層線上，這就是為什么它們非常危險而