考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京曉莊學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Themanhadto（）theairportseveraltimesinordertobecomefamiliarwiththecontroloftheplane.

問題1選項

A.surround

B.circle

C.observe

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】考查語法知識。A選項surround“圍繞，包圍”；B選項circle“盤旋，環(huán)繞……移動”；C選項observe“觀察，遵守”；D選項view“觀察，考慮”。句意：為了熟悉飛機的操縱，這個人不得不環(huán)繞著機場飛行了好幾次。選項B符合語境。

2.單選題

Mountainclimbing,likeothersports,requiresskill,stamina,teamwork,andtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandlespecializedequipment.

問題1選項

A.intelligence

B.guidance

C.endurance

D.caution

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。stamina表示“耐力，持久力，毅力”；A項intelligence“智力，情報工作，情報機關(guān)”，B項guidance“指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，C項endurance“忍耐力，耐久性”，D項caution“小心，謹(jǐn)慎，警告”。句意：爬山和其他運動一樣，需要技巧、耐力、團(tuán)隊合作以及處理專門設(shè)備的知識和經(jīng)驗。因此，根據(jù)句意可知C選項正確。

3.單選題

Theratiooftheworkdonebythemachine（

）theworkdoneonitiscalledtheefficiencyofthemachine.

問題1選項

A.against

B.with

C.to

D.for

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。theratioofAtoB表示“A與B之比”。句意：機械所做的功與其受到的功之比稱為機械的效率。答案C

4.單選題

Peterknewclearlythathewasnotstrongenoughtoreplacehisboss.Hereasoned,therefore,thathemust（

）histime.

問題1選項

A.hide

B.ride

C.slide

D.bide

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。hide意為“隱藏”；ride意為“乘，騎”；slide意為“滑落”；bide意為“等待，停留”。句意：Peter清楚地知道他不夠強大，不足以取代他的老板。因此，他推斷他必須等待時機。

5.單選題

Ahushfellovertheguestswhohad（

）fortheweddingcelebration.

問題1選項

A.assembled

B.participated

C.attended

D.summoned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。assemble“集合，聚集”；participate“參與，分享”；attend“參加”；summon“召喚，召集”。句意：為結(jié)婚慶典而聚在一起的客人們安靜下來了。選項A符合題意。

6.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute______ofthesightsandsoundsthatfalluponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassusby.

問題1選項

A.friction

B.function

C.fraction

D.fiction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項friction“摩擦”，B項function“功能，職責(zé)”，C項fraction“分?jǐn)?shù)，部分，小部分”，D項fiction“小說，虛構(gòu)，編造”?？崭裉幮枰钊胍粋€of所屬關(guān)系的名詞，與thesightsandsounds（視覺和聽覺）搭配，B、D可排除。由后面的thegreatmajority（大多數(shù)）可知，這里形成了對比，所以前面表示“一小部分”，C項符合。句意：我們很少能夠感知到那些極其微小的落在我們感覺器官上的視覺或聽覺片斷，（這些片斷中的）大部分從我們身邊溜走了。因此，該題選擇C項。

7.單選題

TheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum,(“WEF”)inDavos,Switzerland,waswellunderwaywhenitofficiallycommenced,earlyonaWednesdayeveninginJanuary,withanaddress,intheCongressHalloftheCongressCenter,byAngelaMerkel,theChancellorofGermany.ShehadalottosayaboutEurope.Someofit—“DowedaremoreEurope?Yes,wedodare”—madethenews.ButoutsidethehallmanyDavosparticipantspaidhernomind.Theyloiteredinvariousloungescarryingonconversationswitheachother.Theytalkedandtalked—asthoughtheyhadn'tbeentalkingallday.Theyhadtalkedwhilesittingonpanelsorwhileskippingpanelsthatothersweresittingon.“HistoricComplexity:HowDidWeGetHere?”“TheCompensationQuestion,”“GlobalRisks2012:TheSeedsofDystopia”:overthecourseoffivedays,amancouldskipmorethantwohundredandfiftysuchsessions.

Davosis,fundamentally,anexerciseincorporatespeed-dating.“Everyonecomesbecauseeveryoneelsecomes,”LarrySummerstoldme.Ahedge-fundmanageroraC.E.O.canpackintoafewdaysthedozensofmeetings—withotherexecutives,withheadsofstateortheirdeputies,withnon-governmentalorganizationswhosephonecallsmightotherwisehavebeenignored—thatitwouldnormallytakemonthstoarrangeandtensofthousandsofGulfstreammilestoattend.Theyconductthesecompressedandoccasionallyfruitfulcouplings,theso-calledbilateralmeetings,eitherinprivateroomsthattheW.E.F.hassetasideforthispurposeorinhotelrooms,restaurants,andhallways.Allthat'smissingisthehourlyrate.

ManyDavosparticipantsrarely,ifever,attendevenone.Instead,theyfloataroundintheslackspaces,sittingdowntoonearrangedmeetingafteranother,orelsemakingthemselvesavailableforchanceencounters,eitherwithfriendsorwithstrangerswhomtheywilleverafterbeabletorefertoasfriends.TheCongressCenter,thedaytimehub,isawarrenofinterconnectedlounges,cafes,lobbies,andlecturehalls,withespressobars,juicestations,andstacksofapplesscatteredabout.Theparticipantshavetheirpreferredhoveringareas.Wanderingthecenterinsearchofpeopletotalktowaslikefishingastretchofriver;onecouldobserve,overtime,whichpoolsheldwhichfish,andwhattimesofdaytheylikedtofeed.JamieDimon,runningshoesinhand,neartheespressostandbytheGlobalLeadershipFellowsProgram,inthelateafternoon.FareedZakaria,happilybesieged,intheIndustryPartnersLounge,justbeforelunch.Thelunkerswouldveryoccasionallyemergefromtheirdeepholes(therewererumorsofsecretpassageways)andglidethroughthecrowd,withaidesalongside,likepilotfish.(TheW.E.F.saysthatDavosisanentourage-freezone,butthisdoesn'tseemtoapplytothebiggestofthebigwheels,likeheadsofstate.)Itissaidthatthefasteryouwalkthemoreimportantyouare.

Itisaname-dropper'sparadise.Centralbankers,industrialchiefs,hedge-fundtitans,gloomyforecasters,astrophysicists,monks,rabbis,techwizards,museumcurators,universitypresidents,financialbloggers,virtuousheirs.IfoundmyselfinconversationwithanewspapercolumnistandanexecutivefromMcKinsey&Company,themanagement-consultingfirm.Thiswasserendipitous,assomanyconversationsinDavosturnouttobe,because,attheurgingofmany,IwassupposedtobeanglingforaninvitationtotheMcKinseyparty,attheBelvedereHotel.Amust,peoplesaid,withaglint.Iwassuspicious,owingtoanincongruitybetweenthewords“party”and“managementconsulting.”ButthiswasDavos.Theexecutivecheerfullyaddedmetothelist.AMcKinseyforaMerkel:afairtrade.

ThenewcomerhearsrepeatedbitsofDavosadvice.Ridetheshuttle:youmightmeetsomeone.Gotoasessionthatdealswithasubjectyouknownothingabout:youmightlearnsomething.Comenextyear,andtheoneafter,iftheyinviteyouback:youmightbegintounderstand.Everyonesaysthatyoucan'tgetthehangofDavosuntilyou'vebeenthreeorfourtimes.Somanythingsaregoingonatoncethatitisimpossibletodoevenatenthofthem.Youcouldspendtheweekinyourhotelroom,puzzlingoveraplan,wrestlingwithyourdoubtsandregrets,butapersonwhowoulddothisisnotthekindwhowouldbeinvitedtoDavos.

Anotheradmonition:nomatterhowmuchyoudo,youwillalwayshavethesensethatsomethingelse,somethingbetter,isgoingonelsewhere.Ontheoutskirtsoftown,threemenarehunchedinthecandlelitcornerofapine-panelledGaststube,discussingmattersofgraveimportance.Youmaythinkyoudon'tcareaboutsuchthings,buttheinklingburrowslikeatapeworm.Theappetiteforadmittancecanbecomeinsatiable.WheneverIpassedthroughtown,Inoticedmeningoodsuitsandsturdyboots,walkingwithintentintheoppositedirection.Whereweretheygoing?TheyduckedintoteashopsorintoMercedessedanswithdarkenedpassengerwindows.“Wheelswithinwheels,”onewomanwhisperedtome.“WhathappensinDavosstaysinDavos,”manypeoplesaid,butevenwhenyou'rethereit'shardtoknowwhatishappeninginDavos.YossiVardi,anIsraelitechinvestorandaneighteen-yearDavosveteran,said,“Whatyouseehere,intheCongressCenter,isjusttwentypercentoftheaction.”

ThereareasmanyDavosesasthereareperceptionsofDavos.Schwabmightusetheterm“stakeholders,”andthestakeholdersmaybepartialtotheword“silos,”butanothertermthatspringstomindwhenyouarethereis“cliques.”Acertainfermentoccurswherethecliquesoverlap,butasoftenasnottheypassinthenight.

1.TheWorldEconomicForum(“WEF”)inDavosisaveryimportantworldeventmainlybecause（

）.

2.“Entouragefreezone”isaveryimportantcharacteristicoftheWEFbecause

（

）.

3.WhenthewriterdescribestheWEFasa“Name-Dropper'sParadise”,thewritermeans

（

）.

4.ThegreatestfearofWEFparticipantsis

（

）.

5.WhenparticipantsattendtheWEFtheyimmediatelyfallinto“cliques”.By“cliques”thewritermeans（

）.

問題1選項

A.theimportantlecturesaboutworldeconomicproblemsbyworldleaders

B.peoplemingle

C.Non-GovernmentalOrganizationcanraisecapitalbymeetingwithgovernmentsandcompanies

D.worldeconomictrendsareestablished

問題2選項

A.participantsarefreefromcompany

B.participantsarefreetoexchangeconfidentialbusinessinformation

C.therearezonesinWEFwhereeveryonecanfreelyattendtomakebusinesscontacts

D.noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.participantscangivetheirnamecardstoalotofpeopletodevelopbusiness

B.participantscanreferbusinesscontactstootherattendees

C.participantseasilymeetotherattendees

D.participantscaneasilymeetotherparticipantsthroughcommonbusinesscontacts

問題4選項

A.notmakingenoughbusinesscontacts

B.notbeingabletoattendfutureevents

C.beingleftoutoftheloop

D.givingoutbusinesssecrets

問題5選項

A.participantsmeetotherparticipantsthatcanbringbusinessandcansharevaluableinformation

B.participantsmeetotherparticipantswithsharedvaluesandinterests

C.participantsmeetotherparticipantsforacommoncause

D.participantscanmeetotherparticipantswithdifferentinterestsandvalues

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.判斷推理題。此題可用排除法得出答案。題干意為：為什么說在達(dá)沃斯舉行的世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇是一場非常重要的世界大事？A項世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人關(guān)于世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的重要演講文中未提及；C項非政府組織通過與政府及公司會面可以籌集資金，文中也未提及；D項世界經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢被建立，這也是文中未提及的。故排除ACD三項。B項人們聚集在一起。Davosis,fundamentally,anexerciseincorporatespeed-dating.“Everyonecomesbecauseeveryoneelsecomes,”及Itisaname-dropper'sparadise.Centralbankers,industrialchiefs,hedge-fundtitans,gloomyforecasters,astrophysicists,monks,rabbis,techwizards,museumcurators,universitypresidents,financialbloggers,virtuousheirs.可知各行各業(yè)的人們聚集在一起。故答案選B。

第2題:2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干中的Entouragefreezone定位到第三段ManyDavosparticipantsrarely,ifever,attendevenone.Instead,theyfloataroundintheslackspaces,sittingdowntoonearrangedmeetingafteranother,orelsemakingthemselvesavailableforchanceencounters,eitherwithfriendsorwithstrangerswhomtheywilleverafterbeabletorefertoasfriends.許多達(dá)沃斯與會者甚至很少參加達(dá)沃斯論壇。相反，他們在空閑的空間里四處游蕩，坐下來參加一個又一個安排好的會議，或者讓自己隨時有機會與朋友或陌生人見面，他們以后可以稱他們?yōu)榕笥??？芍狤ntouragefreezone是指隨從人員自由活動區(qū)域，在這里人們可以非常自由地結(jié)交商業(yè)伙伴，故C項正確。AB項文中未提及。答案C。

第3題:3.判斷推理題。此題可用排除法。首先由Name-Dropper'sParadise定位到第四段。由IfoundmyselfinconversationwithanewspapercolumnistandanexecutivefromMcKinsey&Company,themanagement-consultingfirm.Thiswasserendipitous,assomanyconversationsinDavosturnouttobe,because,attheurgingofmany,IwassupposedtobeanglingforaninvitationtotheMcKinseyparty,attheBelvedereHotel.作者遇到了一個報刊專欄作家和麥肯錫公司的主管，作者認(rèn)為這是一個意外收獲。第四段開頭提到了達(dá)沃斯論壇聚集各種名流，所以Name-Dropper'sParadise在這里意為自抬身價者的天堂（在這里很容易遇到許多名人，以此感覺自己身價被抬高了。）故答案選C。AB項文中未提及，D項文中并未提到遇到其他參會者與共同業(yè)務(wù)聯(lián)系的關(guān)系。答案C。

第4題:4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第六段Anotheradmonition:nomatterhowmuchyoudo,youwillalwayshavethesensethatsomethingelse,somethingbetter,isgoingonelsewhere.另一條忠告是：無論你做了多少，你總會有這樣一種感覺，那就是別處正在發(fā)生著一些別的、更好的事情。與A項意思一致，BCD項內(nèi)容文中均未提及。故答案選A。

第5題:5.語義推測題。由最后一段Schwabmightusetheterm“stakeholders,”andthestakeholdersmaybepartialtotheword“silos,”butanothertermthatspringstomindwhenyouarethereis“cliques.”Acertainfermentoccurswherethecliquesoverlap,butasoftenasnottheypassinthenight.施瓦布可能會使用“利益相關(guān)者”這個術(shù)語，而利益相關(guān)者可能偏愛“糧倉”這個詞，但當(dāng)你在達(dá)沃斯時，另一個浮現(xiàn)在腦海中的術(shù)語是“拉幫結(jié)派”。兩個派系相遇時會出現(xiàn)發(fā)酵反應(yīng)，但它們經(jīng)常發(fā)生在夜晚（白天開會）。結(jié)合全文可知，達(dá)沃斯世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇的參與者來自各行各業(yè)，因此這些“拉幫結(jié)派”者并不一定具有共同目的、相同的價值觀以及同樣的利益。所以ABC選項均可排除，D選項正確。

8.單選題

TheAmericanCivilWarisbelievedtohavestemmedfromdifferencesoverslavery.

問題1選項

A.arisenfrom

B.contributedto

C.patchedup

D.participatedin

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.arisenfrom由……引起，起因于?B.contributedto導(dǎo)致

C.patchedup平息（爭吵）；修補（關(guān)系）D.participatedin參與

【考查點】詞組辨析

【解題思路】劃線詞前文是“美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)（TheAmericanCivilWar）”，后文是“關(guān)于奴隸制的分歧（differencesoverslavery）”。根據(jù)歷史常識可知，美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)是由南北政府關(guān)于奴隸制的分歧造成的，原文使用的是主動語態(tài)，因此，A選項“由……引起，起因于”符合前后邏輯。原文stemmedfrom“起源于”。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項不符合原文邏輯。

【句意】美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)被認(rèn)為源于對奴隸制的分歧。

9.單選題

Batsonetal.statethat“egoisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stategoalofincreasingthehelper’sownwelfare’’,（

）“altruisticallymotivatedhelpingisdirectedtowardtheend-stateofincreasingtheother’swelfare”.

問題1選項

A.as

B.otherwise

C.while

D.although

【答案】C

【解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。句中提到了利己動機和利他動機，存在對比，四個選項中C選項while可表示對比關(guān)系“卻，然而”。因此C選項符合題意。

10.單選題

NothavingagoodcommandofEnglishcanbeaserious（

）topreventingyoufrom

achievingyourgoals.

問題1選項

A.impediment

B.fault

C.offense

D.distress

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。impediment意為“妨礙，阻止”；fault意為“缺點，缺陷”；offense意為“犯罪，進(jìn)攻”；distress意為“悲痛”。

句意：不能很好地掌握英語可能妨礙你實現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。

11.單選題

Financialstatementisafinancialreportorrecord（）usuallyonaquarterlyandannuallybasiswhichprovidesanindividual’s,anorganization’s,orbussiness’sfinancialstates.

問題1選項

A.completed

B.compiled

C.collated

D.contested

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。complete完成compiled編譯的collate核對，校對contest競賽，爭奪。句意：財務(wù)報表是一種編譯好的財務(wù)報告或記錄。通常以季度或年度為單位，給個人，企業(yè)單位或商戶提供財務(wù)報告?？崭裉幩顔卧~為形容詞做后置定語修飾reportorrecord。答案B。

12.單選題

Acourtlaterreducedthecordonto200metersfromthe（）fence.

問題1選項

A.perimeter

B.parameter

C.diameter

D.circumference

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項perimeter“周長（可以指任何形狀的周長）；周界；視野計”；B選項parameter“參數(shù)；系數(shù)；參量”；C選項diameter“直徑；徑；通徑；外徑”；D選項circumference“圓周；周長（主要指圓或橢圓的周長）；胸圍”。句意：后來法庭決定將警戒線范圍縮小至距離圍欄200米處。因此A選項正確。

13.填空題

Shecouldn'tbuythebookanywhere.（1）ofthebookstoresinBeijinghadanycopies（2）.Theyhadallbeensoldassoonastheywereputontheshelves.

【答案】1.None

2.since

【解析】1.語義題。noneof‘沒有...。

2.邏輯分析。Since因為，由于。

14.單選題

Culturally,thiscountryisdividedintotwo______.

問題1選項

A.tides

B.sections

C.verses

D.yards

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項tides“潮水；潮流”；B選項sections“部分”；C選項verses“詩節(jié)，歌曲的段落”；D選項yards“（某種用途的）區(qū)域，場地”。句意：從文化上講，這個國家分為兩個______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是把一個整體的國家一分為二，B選項sections“部分”符合題意。因此B選項正確。

15.單選題

IfthereisonequalitythatmostAmericanshares,itisadesirethatsetstheireyesstrainingforalookbeyondthehorizon,theirmindswonderingwhatmightbebeyondtheirrangeofvision,andtheirfeetonpathsintotheunknown.Thehorizonskeepexpanding;overacenturytheadventurersandhome-seekersbravedthewildnesstolookforindependenceandprosperity.

Inthe1800’stheterm“theWest”wasoftenusedtodescribeanyfrontierregionorterritorythatlaybetweenthewell-establishedsettlementsandtheuntamedwildness.AsAmericanmovedsteadilywestward,thefrontiermovedwestwardalso.

Thepushingbackofthefrontier,however,wasfarfromeasy.Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.ThewestwardmovementwasatypicalexpressionoftheAmericancharacter,notoostronglydesiringforasettledlifebutseekingtheirdreamsbymovingfromplacetoplace.Itisstilltrueevennow.

TheworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.Itwasdifficulttoenforcelawandorderinsuchalargeareawithsolittleestablishedauthority,andsomepeoplemovedtothewestnotinordertodevelopthecountrybuttorobthosewhoweredoinghardwork.Themovementtothewesthaditsheroesaswellasitsvillains.

OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.ThiscouldserveasacluetotheunderstandingofAmerican“honesty”.TheAmericansweresaidtovaluehonestspeech,honestpeople,honestgovernment,andhonestPresidents.

SomepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.Thenthereistheexplorationofouterspace.PresidentJohnKennedyinaspeechtothenation,spokeofthe“NewFrontier”.Thefrontierspiritcertainlyplayedapartinputtingthefirstmenonthemoon,themostrecentofallfrontiersmentobecrossed.

1.Thetextismainlyabout（）.

2.Accordingtothetext,whatisatypicalexpressionofthefrontierspirit?

3.Fromthetextyoucanlearnwhatendangeredtheearlypioneerwas（）.

4.Itseemsthatsuccessfulfrontiersman（）.

5.Fromthetextyoucanseetheauthorthinks（）.

問題1選項

A.Americanhistoryinthe19thcentury

B.thedifferencebetweentheUSAandmostoftheolderEuropeancountries

C.theAmericanfrontierspirit

D.Americanhonesty

問題2選項

A.GoWest.

B.Bravethewildness.

C.Overcomedangersandhardships.

D.Travelfromplacetoplace.

問題3選項

A.coldweatheredandlackofwater

B.Indianraids

C.floodsandwildness

D.naturaldisastersandhumanattacks

問題4選項

A.mustbeverytoughmenspeakingroughlanguage

B.werehonestmenhungryforindependenceandprosperity

C.mustbeadventurersbraveandgoodatmanagement

D.werebothcountrybuildersandshamefulvillains

問題5選項

A.thefrontierspiritisnotnecessaryintheUSAtoday

B.courageandenterprisearethefrontierspiritintheUSAtoday

C.Americantodayenjoytravelinginsteadofgoingwest

D.theexplorationofouterspaceistheexpressionofthenewfrontierspirit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。從19世紀(jì)的西進(jìn)運動再到當(dāng)今美國人的西進(jìn)精神，本文主要講了美國的拓荒精神，即美國人的勇氣和進(jìn)取心，以及能吃苦的精神。

2.推理判斷題。由第三段Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難。以及第五段“HardlaborandtensecompetitionintheWestmadethefrontiersmenrough,sowastheirlanguage.西部艱苦的勞動和激烈的競爭使邊疆人生活艱難，他們的語言也是如此?！币约白詈笠欢巍癝omepeoplefeelthatthefrontierspiritnolongerexistsintheUSA.Butitexpressesitselfinanumberofways.Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.有些人覺得美國的拓荒精神已經(jīng)不存在了。但它以多種方式表現(xiàn)出來。美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國家是不常見的?！笨芍鼗木耋w現(xiàn)為能克服危險和困難，有勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故C項正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由第三段“Theearlypioneerhadtofaceandovercomemanydangersandhardships.早期的拓荒者不得不面對和克服許多危險和困難。”“Horriblesnowstormsinwintermightdestroyhislivestock,andmanypioneersthemselveswerefrozentodeath.Insummerapioneermightstandbyhelplesslywhilehiscattlediedorcropswitheredforlackofwater.Atothertimes,floodsmightsweepawayallofhisworkButhisgreatestdangerintheearlyyearswasfromIndianraids.冬天可怕的暴風(fēng)雪可能會毀掉他的牲畜，許多拓荒者自己也被凍死了。在夏天，一個拓荒者可能會無助地站在一邊，看著他的牛死去或莊稼因缺水而枯萎。在其他時候，洪水可能會沖走他所有的工作，但他早年最大的危險來自印第安人的襲擊?！币约暗谒亩蔚谝痪洹癟heworstdangerstoapeacefulpioneerinthemiddlenineteenthcenturycameperhapsnotfromnaturalconditionsorfromIndians,butfrompioneers.在十九世紀(jì)中葉，對于一個愛好和平的拓荒者來說，最大的危險可能不是來自自然條件或印第安人，而是來自拓荒者?！笨芍缙谕鼗恼呙媾R自然災(zāi)害的威脅以及印第安人的襲擊。故D項正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由倒數(shù)第二段“OnthewaytowardtheWest,one’ssuccessorfailuredependedlargelyonhisstrengthandabilityinmanagement.在去西方的路上，一個人的成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于他的實力和管理能力?？芍狢項“拓荒者的成敗取決于他的力量與管理能力”正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Americansdonotlikebeingwithoutwork,andtheywilltravelhundredsofmilesinsearchofajob,showingacourageandanenterprisewhichisunusualinmostoftheolderEuropeancountries.美國人不喜歡沒有工作，他們會跋涉數(shù)百英里尋找工作，顯示出勇氣和進(jìn)取心，這在大多數(shù)較老的歐洲國家是不常見的?！笨芍?dāng)今美國人的拓荒精神體現(xiàn)為勇氣和進(jìn)取心。故B項正確。

16.單選題

WhenIwentintothediningroomthenextmorning,the（

）ofthedinnerwerestillonthetable.

問題1選項

A.remains

B.relies

C.remnants

D.surplus

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。remain“遺跡，剩余物”；rely“依靠”；remnant“剩余”；surplus“剩余；順差”。句意：當(dāng)我第二天早上去餐廳時，昨天晚餐剩下的東西還在桌上。選項A符合題意。

17.單選題

John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.

問題1選項

A.worthwhile

B.worthy

C.worth

D.worthless

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.worthwhile重要的，值得的B.worthy值得的，值得尊敬、注意的

C.worth值……的D.worthless無價值的，不值錢的

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】由outstandingperformance（出色表現(xiàn)）和prove（證明）可知，a______winner中的空格應(yīng)該表示“值得的”。因此，該題選擇B項正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項表示值得花時間、金錢、努力等，不符合句意；

C項只用作表語，不用于名詞前作定語；

D選項不符合句意。

【句意】約翰在比賽中的出色表現(xiàn)證明他是當(dāng)之無愧的勝利者。

18.單選題

Thehousewasveryquiet,（

）asitwasonthesideofamountain.

問題1選項

A.isolated

B.isolating

C.beingisolated

D.havingbeenisolated

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這棟房子非常安靜，由于它在山麓上而被隔離開了。后半句句子的主語是it,指代前面的house，house與isolate是動賓關(guān)系，即“房子被隔離”，因此應(yīng)該用過去分詞形式。根據(jù)句意，選項A符合題意。

19.單選題

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep—withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleep—controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake.Accordingtoanewstudyofseepingducks.

Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainseepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbytheseepinghemispherekeepsshut.Whilethewakefulhemisphere’seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.

Also,birdsdozingattheendofthelineresortedtosingle-hemispheresleepratherthantotalrelaxation.Moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots.

“Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain.”theresearcherssay.

Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He’sseenitinapairofbirdsdoingside-by-sideinthe200andinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.

Usefulashalf-seepingmightbe,it’sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammalsasdolphins.Whalesandseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds’half-brainsleep“isjustthetipoftheiceberg”.Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.

1.Anewstudyonbirds’sleephasrevealedthat（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause（

）.

3.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat（

）.

4.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfwakeinorderto（

）.

5.By“justthetipoftheiceberg”(Line2.Para.8).Siegelsuggeststhat（

）.

問題1選項

A.half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds

B.halfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwaves

C.birdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciously

D.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

問題2選項

A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorest

C.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured

D.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

問題3選項

A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

問題4選項

A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B.emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

問題5選項

A.half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B.themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C.mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D.half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目要求我們選出最新的研究成果。定位到文章第一段Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep…controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawakeaccordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks．（根據(jù)對一群睡眠中的鴨子的最新研究，處于半夢半醒之間的鳥能控制任何一側(cè)的大腦，使其保持清醒狀態(tài)）由此可知，C項“鳥類可以有意識地控制半腦睡眠”是最新的研究結(jié)論。而A“多種鳥類都有半腦睡眠”，B“半腦睡眠的特點是腦電波緩慢”，D“鳥類很少在睡覺時整個大腦都處于休息狀態(tài)”三項中提到的內(nèi)容在第二段Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirds…（早期的研究記錄了很多鳥類的半腦睡眠……），都不是最新的研究結(jié)果，而是早期的研究所以都應(yīng)一一排除。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實與推斷題。定位到文章第三段開頭Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableend-of-the-rowsleepers.（數(shù)十年來對鳥群的研究使研究人員預(yù)測，在更易受傷害的睡眠者中，會有額外的警覺性）以及第六段第一句Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies（這些結(jié)果為長期以來的假設(shè)提供了最好的證據(jù)，即單半球睡眠是隨著生物掃描敵人而演變而來的）。所以根據(jù)文段信息，選A“他們必須提防可能的襲擊”。B項“他們的大腦半球輪流休息”，C項“他們大腦的兩部分結(jié)構(gòu)不同”，D項“他們必須時刻注意他們的同伴”，均不符合原文事實。

3.判斷推理題。題目問鳥兒在鏡子前面睡覺的例子表明了什么。根據(jù)文章第六段Themirror-sideeyeclosedasthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopen(一只鳥兒靠著鏡子睡覺。那只鳥對著鏡子的那只眼睛是閉著的，仿佛鏡中的影像是它的同伴，而它的另外一只眼則是睜開的)，因此，C項“即使是一個想象中的伴侶也能給鳥一種安全感”與文中所提及的內(nèi)容一致。A項“鳥兒成雙成對打瞌睡的現(xiàn)象很普遍”和B項“為了安全起見，鳥兒喜歡成對睡覺”中的inpairs是對原文中的誤讀，鳥兒喜歡結(jié)群，但文章并未提及是成雙成對睡覺。文中提到的一對鳥以及鏡子前的一只鳥睡覺的情形，旨在說明鳥兒“一半清醒一半睡眠”的現(xiàn)象，不是一般情形；D項“一只寵物鳥喜歡在鏡子里看到自己的倒影”中的enjoy屬于無中生有的說法。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。問題：在睡覺時，一些水哺乳動物趨向于半睡不醒，以便……定位到文章第七段第二句Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsaseepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.（也許讓大腦的一側(cè)保持清醒，可以讓熟睡的動物偶爾浮出水面，以免淹死），可知答案為B項“不時地從水里出來呼吸”。A項“警惕逼近的敵人”，C“對不斷變化的環(huán)境保持敏感”，D項“避免被急流沖走”，均屬于無中生有。

5.判斷推理題。題干中thetipoftheiceberg的意思是冰山一角；從最后一句Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.（他推測，當(dāng)我們仔細(xì)研究其他物種時，可能會出現(xiàn)更多的例子），所以D項“半腦睡眠是一種可能存在于其他物種中的現(xiàn)象”符合題意。A項“半腦睡眠與寒冷的天氣有關(guān)”，B項“半腦睡眠之謎即將解開”，C項“大多數(shù)生活在寒冷地區(qū)的鳥都是半睡半醒的”，均是對句意的曲解。

20.單選題

Motivationlevelscan（

）frompersontoperson,soitisimportanttotreateachpatient’spsychologicalproblemseparatelywithsolutionsforeachofthemrespectively.

問題1選項

A.differ

B.vary

C.alter

D.distinguish

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。Differ“使不同”；vary“使多樣化”；alter“改變，更改；distinguish“區(qū)分，辨別。句意：動機水平因人而異，因此，重要的是要分別對待每個病人