2018中考英語真題(北京卷)

12/122018年北京市高級(jí)中等學(xué)校招生考試英語試卷姓名_____________準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)____________考場(chǎng)號(hào)___________座位號(hào)________考生須知1.本試卷共10頁，共五道大題，39道小題，滿分60分,考試時(shí)間90分鐘。2.在試卷科和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫姓名，準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)，考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)。3.試題答案律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。4.有答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答,其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答5.考試結(jié)束，請(qǐng)將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共14分)一、單項(xiàng)填空(共6分，每小題0.5分)從下面各題所恰的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.MybrotherandIlikefootball._________playittogetheronceaweek.A.I B.They C.We D.You2.Happybirthday,Peter!Here’sagift_______you.A.for B.in C.with D.from3.________doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?Bybike.A.When B.HowC.Where D.from4.Manypeoplelikepandas_______theyarecute.A.though B.ifC.while D.because5.I_______gonow,orI'llmissmytrain.A.can B.mightC.must D.could6.Tonyis________ofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.young B.younger C.youngest D.theyoungest7.Billlikesreading.He______picturebookswithhisdadeveryeveningA.read B.reads C.isreading D.hasread8.Paul,whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?I_______amovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatching B.watchC.havewatched D.willwatch9.Davidisatennisplayer.He________toplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A,beginsB.willbegin C.beganD.hasbegun10.Lucy,Isyouruncleateacher?Yes,heis.He________historyfornearly20years.A,teaches B.hastaught C.isteaching D,willteach11.Anewinternationalairport__________inthecitynextyear.A.completes B.iscompleted C.willcompleteD.willbecompleted12.Alice,couldyoutellme_________London.Sure.LastSunday.A.whenMr.Smithleft B.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.Smithleave D.whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空(共8分，每小題1分)閱讀下面的短文,靠搾其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。RealSolutions(解決方法)toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.Themanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblems.Oneday,theteamwascalledfora13inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious14.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fulloffatballoons.Themanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的)balloons15sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas16.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure(壓力).Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere17outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere18andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon.Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto19therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel.Theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittothepersonnamedontheballoonwithinacoupleofminutes,allballoons20thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimeinourlife,sharingandhelpingothergiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.13.A.game B.show C.concert D.party14.A.purposeB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans15.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly16.A.honestB.readyC.patient D.successful17.A,checkedB.helpedC.ruledD.cheated18.A.collectedB.weighedC.tiedD.cleaned19.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find20.A.freedB.reached C.liftedD.hit閱讀理解(共36分)三、閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。(共26分，每小題2分)A＜20:35Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan,mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift.Wehadaparty.Weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?RogerJessicaYes.Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,wewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere!Thenwevisedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference(會(huì)議)oncharity(慈善)lastWednesday.Iwassoexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.SaraMartinItwasadifferentweekthanusual.LastThursday,myschoolband(樂隊(duì))wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFriday,wewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromallovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!()21.WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A.LastWednesday B.LastThursdayC.LastFriday D.LastSaturday()22.Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A.Alan. B.Jessica C.Sara D.Richard()23.MartinwenttoAtlantato______.A.speakataconference B.organizeapartC.performinacompetition D.visitauniversityBABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool,Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamarket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits,alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl,fiveorsix.Theywerelookingatthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench).“They’regood!”IknewitwasFrench,becauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowthemomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem,butthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andsheoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether.Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiledandthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruits,asthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn’ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.ThisiswhatIregrettothisday.()24.ThewomanandherkidscametothemarkettobuyA.fruits. B.vegetables C.candies D.toys()25.Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn’t_______.A.speak B.seeC.smell D.hear()26.Thewriterwasmovedbecause___________.A.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblemsB.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC.themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD.thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherCSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(關(guān)聯(lián))withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(認(rèn)知功能).ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接觸)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecordedusingtheinformationonthechildren’saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure”saysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy.“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolswithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.dadvand’sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspaceoncognitivedevelopment.Italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.()27.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout_______.A.howthestudywasperformedB.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylasted D.whotookpartinthestudy()28.Theword“prompt”inParagraph6probablymeans_______.A.control B.encourageC.balance D.change()29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.B.Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.C.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutofSpain.D.Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there’salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon’tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswellfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolate?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽視)it.Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso,butbecausewerealizeit’sforourowngood.Happypeopledon’tjustacceptchange;theyembrace(擁抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn’thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcomes,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody’sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwerebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.()30.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthatA.welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepainB.weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeetC.lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongwayD.lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns()31.WhatisthekeytosolvingJane’sproblem?A.Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B.Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence()32.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat_____.A.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselvesB.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothatC.welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetterD.enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler()33.lWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B.Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C.Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D.Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。(共10分,每小題2分)Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor"fail".Theword"fail"happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefactofthematteristhatanylettercanmean"not-passing"or"fail".SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory”,orIgradeforincomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUstousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradescale:A:95.100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed) E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(證據(jù))toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon'tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids.Theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren’tgoingawayanytimesoon.34.WhatdoesanFstandforintheA.BC,DandFgradingsystem?__________________________________________________________________35.WhenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?__________________________________________________________________36.WhatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?__________________________________________________________________37.Whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?__________________________________________________________________38.Whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?__________________________________________________________________書面表達(dá)(共10分)五、文段表達(dá)(10分)39．從下面兩個(gè)題目中任選一題，根據(jù)中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50詞的文段寫作。文中已給出內(nèi)容不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。所給提示詞語僅供選用。請(qǐng)不要寫出你的校名和姓名。題目①假如你是李華，你們學(xué)校將要舉辦一場(chǎng)關(guān)于京劇的講座，你打算邀請(qǐng)你們班交換生Peter參加。請(qǐng)用英語寫一封電子郵件，告訴他講座的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，以及需要做什么準(zhǔn)備。提示詞語：lecture(講座),Invite,information,question,online 提示問題：●Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?●WhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?DearPeter,Howisitgoing?There’llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHua題目②“靜以修身，儉以養(yǎng)德”，勤儉節(jié)約是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。無論生活富足與否，我們都應(yīng)該提倡節(jié)約，杜絕浪費(fèi)。某英文網(wǎng)站正在開展以“節(jié)約是美德”為主題的征文活動(dòng)。假如你是李華，請(qǐng)用英語寫一篇短文投稿，談?wù)勆钪心闶窃趺醋龅模约斑@樣做的意義。提示詞語：thrifty(節(jié)約的),save,turnoff,food,money,virtue（美德）提示問題：●Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife?●Whydoyoudoso?It’soneofourtraditionalvirtuestobethrifty.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________