大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程(上冊)-筆記(全)

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Interest,Intention,patienceandpersistence.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway!（有志者事竟成?。〨oodluck!下面我們開始上課。我想在第一課開始之前對大家提兒點要求：1.每人都必須有課本，即高遠(yuǎn)主編的《大學(xué)英語自學(xué)教程》（上）；2?每講后必須要復(fù)習(xí)、做作業(yè)；3.最好能提前看看下講的課文；4,每5個單元有測驗，請大家務(wù)必認(rèn)真完成；5有問題隨時問，學(xué)習(xí)上不要害羞。本教程共計25個單元。每單元分A,B兩篇文章，一般A位重點文章，精講；B為培養(yǎng)閱讀能力的文章，略講。Unitone:TextA:HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?I.NewWords:successful:a成功的；succeedv:succeedindoingsomething做某事成功；successn;successfullyad（*）Shewishedhimsuccess_inhisnewjob.Wereyousuccessfulinfindinganewhouse?Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.d.Hesucceedsinfindingagoodjob.disagree:vdisagreewithsomebody（與某人有分歧，意見不一致），ndisagreement,adisagreeable;反義詞：agree,agreement,agreeablee.g.Ialwaysdisagreewithhim.guarantee:n/v保證、擔(dān)保、保修e.g.1>.Thewatchhasatwo-yearguarantee,（n保修）2>.TheTVsetisguaranteedforoneyear,（v保修）intelligent:a聰明的、明智的，nintelligence聰明、智慧conversely:ad相反地，conversea相反的similar:a相似的、類似的，短語besimilartosth/sbinsth（*）e.g.Sheissimilarintemper（'性'情、脾氣）tohermother.independent:a獨立的、自主的，independencen獨立、自主、自立，（*）字根：depend（v）:依靠、依賴，dependon/upondependence:n信賴、信任、依靠；dependent:a依靠的、需要支持的a.Whenyoubegintomakemoneyyoucanlivealifeofindependence.b.Childrendependontheirparentsforfood.c.Idon'twanttobedependentonmyparents,becauseIamanadult.clue:n線索、提示，常用短語：cluetosomethingadult:n成年人；a成年的、成熟的a.Shecandoitherself,forsheisanadultnow.b.Hisbehaviorisn'tadult.conclusion:n結(jié)論、推論;vconclude,decidev決定,decisionn決定、決，心communicate:v交流、通訊、傳播，習(xí)語：①communicatesthtosb:傳播某事給某人；②communicatewithsb:同某人交流名詞：communication:acommunicationsatellite通訊衛(wèi)星；acommunicationnetwork通訊網(wǎng)，telecommunication:電訊、電信，Chinatelecommunication中國電信inexact:a不正確的，反義詞：exactincomplete:a不完整的，反義詞：completepurpose:n目的、意圖，purposeful:a有目的的，蓄意的，purposefully:ad有目的地、蓄意地（*）a.Hewasaclevermanwhoseeverywordwaspurposeful.b.Weshouldusethelanguagepurposefully.c.Shediditonpurpose.regularly:ad經(jīng)常地、定期地，regular:a定期的technique:n技術(shù)、技巧，outline:v概括；n輪廓、大綱a.Youshouldoutlinethestorybeforeyouwriteit.b.Youcanseetheoutlineofherfaceinthelightofthecandle.Intensivereading:Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)第二語言的成年人會不同意這種說法的。①本句主語為：Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguage;謂語為：woulddisagreewith；賓語為：thisstatement②主語中包含有一個語法點，定語從句。這是英語中一個非常重要的語法點,顧名思義，定語從句應(yīng)該在整個句中做定語，請對比如下兩句：Heboughtaninterestingbook.（定語）/Heboughtabookwhichisinteresting.（定語從句）。具體介紹該語法點：修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞后面，它需由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。通常引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who,whom,（一般指人），which（一般指物），whose,that（人、物均可）.關(guān)系副詞有：when（時間），where（地點），why（原因）。不管是關(guān)系代詞還是副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，要在定語從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。上句中的whoarelearningasecondlanguage修飾先行詞mostadults,who是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語。下面我們一起來看另兒個例句：仔細(xì)聽我的分析！Themanwho/thatwillgiveusatalkhascome.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelprizewinner.c.She,sthegirlwho/whom/thatImetattheparty.d.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Didyoufindthebikethat/whichyoulost?③would此時為助動詞，表示“可能，將會”。④需掌握的短語：disagreewithsbabout/onsthe.g.Hedisagreeswithhiswifeabouttheeducationoftheirson..Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice…h(huán)undredsof:兒百，當(dāng)hundred,thousand,million用作不確定數(shù)目時，需用復(fù)數(shù)形式，并加介詞。f；當(dāng)它們用作確定的數(shù)目時，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.fivehundredpeople;hundredsofpeople.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.譯：語言學(xué)習(xí)不同于其他種類的學(xué)習(xí)。短語：bedifferentfrom:與…不同.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.（*）譯：有些人很聰明，在他們自己的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域很有成就，但發(fā)現(xiàn)很難成功地學(xué)習(xí)語言。①本句主語Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,謂語find,賓語difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning,it語法上稱作形式賓語：當(dāng)賓語較長時，常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。②包含定語從句whoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields,修飾先行詞somepeople,who在定語從句中作主語。③需掌握的習(xí)語:beintelligentandsuccessfulinone'sfield;succeedinsth/doingsth.Conversely,somepeoplewhoareverysuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.(相反地…)這句話意思和結(jié)構(gòu)與上句相似，口頭分析。.Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.(*)譯：語言學(xué)習(xí)研究顯示成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者在許多方面都是相似的。①本句主語Languagelearningresearch；謂語：shows；賓語：that引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句。在賓語從句中successfullanguagelearners是主語；are是系動詞；similarinmanyways是表語②重要短語besimilar(tosb/sth)insth在…方面與某人/某事相似.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.(*)譯：不是等這老師解釋，而是自己努力去發(fā)現(xiàn)各種句型和規(guī)則：①Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,介詞短語作狀語，主語：they；謂語：trytofind；賓語：thepatternsandtherulesforthemselves②介詞of后的動詞要用動名詞waiting③短語：insteadofsth;waitforsbtodosth;trytodosth;.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.(*)譯：他們尋找說這種語言的人，當(dāng)他們說錯時就請這些人幫助指正。①這是一個由and連接的并列句，其中有一個定語從句whospeakthelanguage,修飾先行詞people;有一個時間狀語從句whentheymakeamistake②correct:v指正、糾正，短語：makeamistake犯錯誤.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings.譯：他們不害怕重復(fù)他們聽到的或說一些奇怪的東西。①whattheyhear是repeat的賓語從句②afraid的用法：beafraidofsth;beafraidtodosth;beafraidthat從句a.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.Iamafraidofsnake.He,safraidthathe'11belateforclass..Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.譯：當(dāng)交流困難時，他們會接受不準(zhǔn)確或不完整的信息。本句中包含一個時間狀語從句Whencommunicationisdifficult,一個定語從句thatisinexactorincomplete,修飾先行詞information,在從句中that作主語。.It9smoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.(*)譯：對他們來說，學(xué)會用所學(xué)的語言來思考比學(xué)會每個單詞的意思更重要。①it作形式主語，真正主語是動詞不定式tolearntothinkinthelanguage.原句語序應(yīng)是：Forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguageismoreimportantthantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.用形式主語的目的是因為不定式作主語太長，為避免句子頭重腳輕，用it代替真正的主語。e.g.FormanypeopletolearnEnglishwellisverydifficult.=It9sverydifficultformanypeopletolearnEnglishwell②短語：learntodosth學(xué)會做…；moreimportantthan…更重要2.It*snecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.=Forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthemarenecessary譯：對他們來說，學(xué)會這種語言以便同這些人交流并向他們學(xué)習(xí)是非常必要的①這句話較復(fù)雜，it作形式主語，動詞不定式是真正的主語，inordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem我們稱作目的狀語②短語：inordertodosth;communicatewithsb;learnfromsb響…學(xué)習(xí).Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.譯：因為他們想學(xué)會這種語言，所以他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷地練習(xí)實際應(yīng)用這種語言是容易的。①it作形式賓語，真正的賓語topracticeusingthelanguageregularly,原因狀語從句becausetheywanttolearnwithit.②practice是動詞，英式英語拼寫形式是practise,美式英語動詞和名詞拼寫都是practice.作動詞時，后面只能用動名詞，如：practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.（4段2行）.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.（*）譯：如果你是一名成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者，你大概一直在獨立地、主動地、目的明確地學(xué)習(xí)。①if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句中的havebeenlearning是動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示動作從以前開始一直不間斷地進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在。②三個副詞：independently,actively,andpurposefully要會拼寫。.ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.譯：另一方面來說，如果你的語言學(xué)習(xí)一直不太成功，你不妨試試上面提到的一些學(xué)習(xí)技巧。①Ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful是條件狀語從句。②短語：ontheotherhand:另一方面來說；lessthansuccessful:不太成功；mightdowelltodosth:表示一種委婉語氣，不妨…，最好….e.g.Youmightdowelltotakethedoctor1sadvice.That'sallforthislecture,andlet'scontinuetolearnthisunitnexttime.Don,tforgettoreviewwhatwehavelearnt,ok,seeyouthen!ThesecondlectureofCollegeEnglishHi,everyone!Areyousatisfiedwiththefirstlecture?Todaywe'11continuetolearnunitone.I.Reviewsomethinginlectureone:Usefulphrases:disagreewith…（2段1行）；2.hundredsof（2段3行）；3.bedifferentfrom…（3段1行）；4.succeedinsth…（3段3行）；5.asmuchasyoucan（4段2彳?。?；6.practicedoingsth（4段2行）；7.trytodo…（4段4行）； 8.similarinsth…（5段2行）；9.firstofall（6段1行）；10.dependon（6段2行）；11.insteadofsth/doingsth（6段3行）；12.waitsbtodo…（6段3行）；13.learnfromsth/sb（6段7行）；14.makeamistake（7段4行）；15.beafraidtodo（7段5行）；16.bewillingtodo…（7段6行）； 17.beinterestedinsth（8段2行）； 18.inorderto（8段4行）； 19.communicatewithsb（8段4行）； 20.ontheotherhand（9段3行）； 21.mightdowelltodosth（9段4行）Someimportantwords:successful; 2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.conversely;7.similar; 8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose,purposefully; 12.regularly;13.technique;outline.Keytopartexercises:（frompage8to12）一、課文練習(xí)：I.d,a,c,d,d;II.1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;8.purpose;9.probably;10.outline1.Insteadof;2.therefore;3.morethan;4.even;5.firstofall;6.because;7.ontheotherhand;8.finally;9.lookingfor;10.conversely1.見課文；Languagelearningisactivelearning.Learnersshouldtakeadvantageofeverychancetousethelanguage.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.見一講作業(yè)。Theteachersoftenpassontheirsuccessfulexperienceinlanguagelearningtous.—.＞詞匯練習(xí)：I.1.2.4.見一講詞匯講解部分；3.cover:v覆蓋；uncover:v揭開，為cover的反義詞；discover:v發(fā)現(xiàn)，同義詞：find,習(xí)題答案為：covered;uncover;discovered.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statement.1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discover4,見一講作業(yè)3,4,5題。2見課文5.Weshouldlearnsomethingnewindependently,activelyandpurposefully.TextB:要求作一般了解，屬閱讀理解課文，對于textB的文章來說，雖然較A篇稍長，但難度稍低，檢測閱讀結(jié)果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是能夠獨立地完成課后的習(xí)題。Somenewwords:instance:asinglefact,event,example.彳列子、實彳列,常用短語forinstance,例如。waiter:apersonwhoservesfoodatthetablesinarestaurant(男性)，waitress女服務(wù)員、女招待traveler:apersonwhogoesfromplacetoplace,esp.toafarawayplacetravel:v旅游primitive:adj原始的：oftheearliesttimesoflifeorofmanexact反義詞inexactconsist;v短語：consistof組成e.g.Myclassconsistsof20students.simply:adv,simpleadj簡單的Somelanguagepoints:notonly…butalso…不但…而且,并列連詞。(連接兩個并列成分)e.g.(1)Ihopetobenotonlyyourteacher,butalsoyourgoodfriend.(2)???，wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyotherways.neither…nor:既不…也不，并列連詞，連接兩個并列成分。e.g.(1)Autumnisagoodseason.It'sneitherhotnorcold.peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.Heenteredarestaurantandsatatatable.(坐在桌旁)inthisway:介詞短語，用這種方法e.g.IlearnEnglishbymyself.Inthisway,IhavefinallygotthediplomaofEnglishmajor.TheEnglishmanwhowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirstylookedverysad.a.本句包含有一1個定語從句，whowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirsty修飾先行詞TheEnglishmanob.短語：bythistime到此時為止；notatall根本不…Wordsconsistofsounds,buttherearemanysoundswhichhaveameaningandyetarenotwords.曹：語言是由聲音組成的，但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語。短語：consistof,句子結(jié)構(gòu)中包含有一個定語從句。Keytothepartexercises:page16:T,F,T,F,T,F,F,F,T,F.Unit2TextA:Taxes,Taxes,andMoreTaxesMainideaaboutthetext:weknowthatthetaxesintheUnitedStatesarethehighestintheworld.Almosteveryoneneedpaytaxesonmanythings.TherearethreelevelsofgovernmentintheUnitedStates,sotherearethreetypesoftaxes;theyareforthefederalgovernment,stategovernment,andcitygovernment.EvensomeAmericansthinkthattheyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.A.Newwords:tax:n稅；vt對…征稅Everycitizenhastherighttopaytaxtoourcountry.Myincomeistaxedatsource.（我的收入已扣除了所得稅。）generally:adv般地、通常，同義詞：usually,常用語：generallyspeaking,generaladjtype:n類型、種類；v打字Whattypeofteadoyouprefer?Greentea.Shetypedtheletterquicklyandwell.salary:n工資，salaried:adj拿工資的earn:v掙錢、賺錢，earningsn賺得的錢percentage:n百分比、百分率；percentn前用數(shù)詞（*）Morethantenpercentofthestudentsdidn'tcometoday.Alargepercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.Iamahundredpercentsurethathewillcome.vary:v變化、改變；variedadj有變化的、多樣的（*）Holidayjobsaremanyandvaried.peoplevaryverymuchintheirideasofmanythings.（注意介i司in的用法）pricesoffruitvaryfromseasontoseason.sale:n出售，sellv出售charge:v收費(fèi)、控告Howmuchdoyouchargeforrepairingmyshoes?Hewaschargedwiththeguiltyofmurder.addition:n加法、附加物；addv增加；additionaladj額外的、增加的(*)a.Shealwaysaddssugartohertea.Heearned1000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.Wewillneedadditionalhelptodothework.confuse:v使混亂、混淆；confused,confusingadj;confusionn(*)Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithastwomeanings.Doyouthinkthiswillcausemuchconfusion?Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyplain:v抱怨，常跟介詞of,about,complaint:n抱怨、投訴(*)Studentsalwayscomplainabouttoomuchhomework.Shecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.Heusedtocomplainbitterlyofhisbadmemory.(訴說有病)Thereisnoreasonforcomplaint.useless:adj無用的，反義詞useful;carefulcareless;helpfulhelpless;hopeful-*hopelessetc.impractical:adj不切實際的，反義詞practical;practicev實踐、實際program:n計劃、節(jié)目、程序；v編程序tend:v易于、傾向于，tendencyn趨勢、傾向peopletendtogetfatastheygrowolder.pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.(物價呈持續(xù)上升趨勢。)B.Intensivereading:1.Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:deathandtaxes.(*)譯：美國人常說，一個人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定會發(fā)生：死亡和納稅。分析：主語：Americans；謂語：say；that引導(dǎo)一個賓語從句，還包含有一個省略了關(guān)聯(lián)代詞的定語從句，apersoncanbesureinlife修飾twothings.當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時，常可省略。e.g.1>.Thewatchthat/which/省略Ifoundinthelibraryishis.(why?)2>.Thegirlwho/whom/that/省略youmetatthepartyismysister.請試著翻譯句子：1你一直在找的那個人來了。2昨天我媽給我的錢已經(jīng)被偷走了。Answer:Themanwho/whom/that/省略youhavebeenlookingforhascome.Themoneythat/which/省略mymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.短語；besureof:對…確信、確定e.g.Wecanbesureofhishonesty.Americansdon'thaveacorneronthedeathmarket,butmanypeoplefeelthattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththeworsttaxes.(*)譯：美國人并不壟斷“死亡”市場，但很多人感到美國卻以最重的賦稅在世界上名列前茅。短語：haveacorneronsomething:壟斷…；leadwith因…領(lǐng)先e.g.Chinaleadstheworldwithhersilkproducts.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.譯：由于高額的稅款，每年4月15日人們很T開心，因為這一天是上繳聯(lián)邦稅款的日子。分析：Withthehighcostoftaxes,介詞短語作原因狀語，with=becauseof,由于…，whenthefederaltaxesaredue是非限定性定語從句，修飾onApril15。When叫關(guān)系副詞。Where,when,why是定語從句中的三個關(guān)系副詞，分別在定語從句中作地點狀語、時間狀語、原因狀語。ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.(where=inwhich)I'11neverforgetthedaywhenIenteredthecollege,(when=onwhich)pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarealwayslateformyclass,(why=forwhich)另外，若定語從句和先行詞之間用逗號分開稱為非限定性定語從句。它對先行詞只是進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后不會影響整個句子的基本語意，譯成漢語時一般單獨翻譯。Somestateshaveanincometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.(*)譯：有些洲有與聯(lián)邦政府類似的個人所得稅。分析：代詞that指anincometax,英文中兩個進(jìn)行比較的事物必須是平等的，如在口語中我們可說“北京的天氣比廣州干燥”，但譯為英語不能寫成：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanGuangzhou,(x)城市不能和天氣進(jìn)行比較,要改為：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinGuangzhou.(J)otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate.(*)譯：其他洲征收銷售稅，對你在該洲所買的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。分析：包含有兩個定語從句，whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate是非限定定語從句，修飾asalestax。其中還含有另一個限定定語從句whichyoubuyinthatstate修飾先行詞anyitem,chargedto表示“向…征收"charged過去分詞作定語修飾apercentage.Somestatesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.(*)隼：有些洲除了征收銷售稅，還征收個人所得稅來增加稅收。短語：inadditionto除…還有…(+)e.g.Weneedfatandproteininadditiontovitamininourdiet,raisetheirrevenue:增加稅收。Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrongway.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.譯：他們經(jīng)?？棺h政府對他們交納的稅金使用不當(dāng)。他們認(rèn)為政府在一些沒用或不切實際的項目上花作太多。短語：usesthinthewrongway,錯誤地使用…，spendsthonsth在,,?花費(fèi),或spendsthindoingsth.e.g.MothersayshespendstoomuchtimeinwatchingTVeveryday.AlthoughAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject:taxesaretoohigh.(*)譯：盡管美國人在許多問題上有不同的觀點，但他們往往在這一點上達(dá)成共識：稅收太高。短語：havedifferentviewsonsth對…有不同觀點，tendto通常，agreeonsth同意某事，同意某人：agreewithsb;同意做某事：agreetodosth.III.Summaryabouttheimportantphrases:1.besureof（1段2行）；2.haveacorneronsth（l段2行）；3.leadwith（l段4行）；4.consistof（2段1行）；5.dependon（3段3行）；6.thatis（3段4行）； 7.besimilarto（4段3行）;8.inadditionto（4段10行）;9.publicworks（5段4行）;10.municipalbuildings（5段5行）；11.complainabout（6段3行）；12.usesthinthewrongway（6段3-4行）；13.spend…on（6段4-5行）；14.tendon（6段6行）;15.agreeon（6段6行）The3rdlectureofCollegeEnglishone:I.Keytopartexercisesfrompage39to43:一、課文練習(xí)：I.a,c,a,a,cIII. 1.due;2.dependson;3.diverse;4.consistedof;5.similar;6.tendsto;7.complainingabout;8.iadditionto;9.issue;10.agreeonIV.1.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?WearetryingtoraisefundsfortheRedCross.Heearnedagoodreputationforhonesty.Wepaytaxesinexchangeforgovernmentservices.Anopenletterprotestedgovernmentsforeignpolicy.二、詞匯練習(xí)：I見2講講課內(nèi)容。II.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;8.leading;9.fund;10.tendsTextB:It9saboutadvertisement.Insuchasociety,wecanseeadvertisementeveryday.SomearefromTV,somearefromradio,somearefromnewspaper,andothersarefrommagazinesandevenInternet.Whenyoufindsomanyadshavepenetratedintoallthecornersofourlife,thendoyouthinkit'sgoodorbad?Nowlet'sfindsomethingfromourtext.A.Newwords:advertise:v做廣告、登廣告；advertisement:n縮寫ad;advertisingcompany廣告公司；advertiser:n登廣告的人attract:v吸引；attraction:n吸引力；attractive:adj吸引人的design:v設(shè)計；designer設(shè)計師persuade:v勸說，常用習(xí)語：persuadesbtodosthleisure:n空暇、悠閑，atleisure有空，清閑。classified:a分類的；classifyv分類edition:n版本，apaperbackedition（平裝版），arareedition（珍藏版），adeluxeedition（精裝版）,arevisededition（修訂版）；edit:v;editor:nentertainment:n娛樂、款待audience:n觀眾、聽眾。characteristic:a典型的；n特性、特征commercial:adj商業(yè)的；n商業(yè)廣告；commercen商業(yè)。responsible:a有責(zé)任的；responsibilityn責(zé)任particular:a特定的estimate:n/v估計、評價management:n管理、經(jīng)營；manage:v管理；manager:n經(jīng)理approve:v贊成、同意、批準(zhǔn)；approval:ninvolve:v牽涉、卷入，beinvolvedinsth;involvement:nSomedifficultsentences:Advertisingisonlypartofthetotalsaleseffort,butit'sthepartthatattractsthemostattention.譯：廣告僅僅是整個銷售活動的一部分，但就是這部分最能吸引人們的注意力。注意本句的主語advertising是動名詞作主語，表示登廣告。再如：playingfootballismyfavoritesport.短語：attractone,sattention吸引某人的注意力。Voicesandmusichavebeenaddedtocolorandpicturestocatchtheearaswellastheeye.（*）譯：色彩利畫面配上聲音和音樂，既好看又好聽。掌握短語:1>.addsthtosth加…到…，g.Idon,tlikeaddmilkto/intomycoffee.2>.catchtheear,catchtheeye:吸引耳朵，吸引眼睛3>.aswellas:也，除了…還有…（+）g.IlikeChineseaswellasEnglish.Televisionadsareshort,buttheyarerepeatedoverandoveragainsothattheaudienceseesandhearsthemmanytimes.（*）w：電視廣告時間很短，但它們被反復(fù)播放，可以使觀眾看聽許多遍。短語：overandoveragain一遍又~>遍；sothat=inorderthat表目的；audience:稱作集體名詞，當(dāng)單形集體名詞被看作一個整體時，具有單數(shù)概念；被看作若干個個體時，具有復(fù)數(shù)概念。像這樣的名詞有：family,government,class,staffetc.a.Hisfamilyisabigoneinourcity.Hisfamilyareveryfriendlytous.c.Theaudienceisquietwhentheconcertison.TheaudiencelikeHarryportterverymuch.Usefulphrases:attractone'sattentiond段2行）；2.naturalenough（1段2行）；3.forthemostpart（1段6行）;4.persuadesbtodosth（1段7行）；5.alargeamountofsth（3段1行）；6.becharacteristicofsth（3段7行）；7.catchtheeye（3段8行）；8.nomorethan（3段9行）；9.idebtitywithsth（3段10行）;10.addto（4段2行）;11.catchtheear（4段3行）；12.overandoveragain（4段4行）；13.sothat（4段5行）；14.putupwith（4段7行）；15.millionsof（4段8行）；16.beresponsibleforsth/sb（5段1行）；17.decideonsth（5段2行）；18.makeanestimateofsth（5段4行）；19.beinvolvedinsth（5段6行）；20.aswellas（4段3行）；21.carryover（4段1行）

Keytosomeexercises:I.page49:T,F,F,T,T,T,T,F,T,F.詞匯練習(xí)：52I.e,b,c,d,a.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;4.limited;5.estimate. 1.decidedon;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carriedover;5.putupwith;6.characteristicofIV.B,C,B,A,C,D.Unit3TextA:TheAtlanticoceanIntheearth,therearefouroceans:thepacificocean,theAtlanticocean,theIndianocean,andtheArcticocean.TheAtlanticoceanisn'tthebiggestinarea,butthereareothertwothingsthatmakeitveryunusual.Doyouwanttoknowwhattheyare,andthenpleasereadthetextverycarefully?Andfromthepastexamsthetextisveryimportant.A.Newwords:sailor:n水手、海員；sail:v航海，n航海、帆(*)a.HehassailedforNewYork.b.Heisagoodsailorandseldomgetssickduringstormsatsea.c.Howmanydays'sailisitfromTianjintoDalian?unwilling:a不情愿的，反義詞willing：愿意的，常用短語：bewillingtodo,beunwillingtodo…；副詞：unwillingly,willingly;名詞：will意愿、意志。(*)a.Heishappywiththepriceandwillingtopay.b.Thechildalwaysdoeshishomeworkunwillingly,sohehasn,tmademuchprogress.c.Sheisillandunwillingtogooutwithus.unusual:a不尋常的、與眾不同的,反義詞：usual,副詞：usually(*)a.Youngpeopleshouldnotwearunusualclothes.b.Hewenttotownasusualwithhisfather.c.Aclassifiedadvertisementisusuallyafewlineslong.salty:a咸的，salt:n鹽；salted用鹽腌的a.Theseawaterissalty.b.Thesaltedbeefisdelicious.average:n/a/v平均數(shù)、平均的、平均常用短語：ontheaverage(*)a.Theaverageof2,3andb.Theaverageageofthec.Theyaveraged20miles4is3.a.Theaverageof2,3andb.Theaverageageofthec.Theyaveraged20milesstudentsinthisclassiseighteen,adayduringtheirlastjourney.range:n山脈、范圍；v變化，排列成行a.Shehasawiderangeofinterests.b.Herangedthebooksbysize.peak:n高峰，adj高峰的，反義詞：off-peakpeakhour=rushhoureastward,westward,northward,southward:adjadvcrew:集體名詞becalm:vbecomecalm;calm:a平靜的、安靜的，pleasekeepcalm.current:n水流、電流；adj流行的a.Thecurrentisthestrongestinthemiddleoftheriver.b.Turnoffthecurrentwhilemakingrepairs.c.ofallherdresses,onlyoneisstillcurrent.affect:v影響、打動；effectn影響，haveaneffectonsth;affectingadj動人的；effectiveadj有影響的、有效的。(*)a.ViolentTVprogramshaveabadeffectonthechildren.b.Musiccanaffectsomepeopleverystrongly.c.Thelawisnolongereffective.furnish:v用家具布置，家具：furniture.Grammarknowledge:定冠詞的用法pleaselookatthefollowingsentencesfromthetext:a.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthatb.Thenarrowestplaceisbetweenthebulgeof….c.TheAzoresarethetopsofthepeak.冠詞(articles):是一種虛詞，放在一個名詞前，幫助說明該名詞的含義。它分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。.定冠詞the的用法如下：①重復(fù)上文提到過的人或物：e.g.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.(第一次提到用不定冠詞，第二次用定冠詞，表特指。)②特指談話雙方都知道的人或物。e.g.Howdoyoulikethefilm?③指世界上獨?無二的事物。g.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.④常用在樂器前：g.Iwanttoplaythepiano/theviolin.⑤用在一些公用事業(yè)名稱前，g.Iwillgotothepostoffice/themuseum/thecinema.⑥用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前，g.thefirsttime,thebiggest.⑦用在某些專有名詞前，e.g.thepeople'sRepublicofChina,thegreatwall,thewhitehouse⑧特指某些江河、山脈、海洋、湖泊，g.theChangjiangRiver,thepacificocean,theHimalayas,theSaltLake⑨和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人，g.therich,thepoor,thedead,theyoung⑩用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表一家人，g.TheGreensarewatchingTV.另外，還用在許多習(xí)慣用語中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,ontheleft.Right,bytheway,inthemiddleofetc.The4thlectureofCollegeEnglishone:I,IntensivereadingtextA:TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthatseparatetheoldworldfromthenew.譯：大西洋是隔斷新世界和舊世界的大洋之一。分析：本句包含有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞oceans,注意此時只能用that,不能用which.如下的情況屬只能用that的情況：1>.當(dāng)先行詞是最高級形容詞或它的前面有最高級形容詞時。Heisthebestpersonthatalwayshelpsothers2>.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或前面有一個序數(shù)詞時。HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.3>.當(dāng)主語已有疑問詞who或which時。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?4》,當(dāng)先行詞是all,much,something,anything,everything,little,etc等詞時。Weshouldhandinallthatyouhavefound.5>.當(dāng)先行詞前有only,any,few,oneof,thesame,noetc等詞時。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteacherinourclass.短語：separatesthfromsth把…與…分開EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishchannel.另夕卜,theoldWorld:Europe,Asia,Africa;theNewWorld:theAmericas.ForcenturiesitkepttheAmericasfrombeingdiscoveredbythepeopleofEurope.(*)贊：好幾個世紀(jì)以來，它使美洲一直未被歐洲人發(fā)現(xiàn)短語：keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth:阻止某人做謀事Thebadweathercan,tkeepusfromgoingtoschool/beingdiscovered:being動名詞，discovered過去分詞ManywrongideasabouttheAtlanticoceanmadetheearlysailorsunwillingtosailfaroutintoit.(*)譯：許多關(guān)于大西洋的錯誤觀點使得早期的水手不愿遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)氪笪餮蟆７治觯褐髡Z：manywrongideas；謂語：made；賓語：theearlysailors；賓補(bǔ)：unwillingtosailfaroutintoito短語：beunwillingtodosth;sailfaroutintoit:遠(yuǎn)航駛?cè)耄籱akesbdosthoneideawasthatitreachedouttoutheedgeoftheworld.”譯：一種觀點是大西洋遠(yuǎn)達(dá)世界的邊緣。分析：that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。它是名詞從句的一種。主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句屬于名詞從句。在四種從句中只有賓語從句能省略that這個關(guān)系連詞，在其它從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，但絕對不能省略。Thattheearthisroundistrue.(主語從句)Allofusknowthatwemuststudyhard.(賓語從句)Theideathatweinvitedhimyesterdayisquitegood.（同位語從句）Anotherideawasthatattheequatortheoceanwouldbeboilinghot.（表語從句）TheAtlanticoceanisonlyhalfasbigasthepacific,butitwasstillverylarge.（*）譯：雖然大西洋只有太平洋的一半，但它也很大。倍數(shù)的比較：倍數(shù)+as+adj/adv+asa.Myhairistwiceaslongasyours.b.Myclassroomisonlyonethirdasbigastheirs.It'smorethan4000mileswidewhereColumbuscrossedit.譯：哥倫布穿越大西洋的航線有4000多英里寬?；鶖?shù)詞+形容詞一作度量狀語。Heisonlyfiveyearsold.b.Theriveristhreemetersdeep.c.Theclassroomisfivemeterslong.Forsolargeanocean,ithasveryfewislands.Also,itistheworldJssaltiestocean.譯：這么大的一個海洋卻只有少數(shù)幾個島嶼，并且它是世界上鹽分含量最高的海洋。（這是大西洋最大的兩大特點。）ThereissomuchwaterintheAtlanticoceanthatitishardtoimaginehowmuchthereis.譯：大西洋中有多得令人難以想象的海水。So…that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。（so+adj/adv）It'ssohotthesedaysthatwecan,tgoout.Butsupposenomorerainfellintoitandnomorewaterwasbroughttoitbyrivers.譯：假設(shè)不再有雨水降入大西洋，也沒有河水匯入。本句存在一個重要的語法現(xiàn)象：虛擬語氣，即表示非真實的假設(shè)。該語法放到textB中進(jìn)行詳講。Itwouldtaketheoceanabout4000yearstodryup.譯：它大約需要4000年的時間才干涸。重要句型：ittakes/tooksbsometimetodosth花某人多少時間作某事Everydayittakesmeanhourtogotowork.Wenowhavesuchfastwaysoftravelingthatthisbigoceanseemstohavegrownsmaller.譯：我們現(xiàn)在有如此多的快速旅行方式，使大西洋似乎變小了。短語：such+n+that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,注意和so…that…比較。a.She*ssuchalovelygirlthateveryonelikesherverymuch.b.She,ssolovelyagirlthateveryonelikesherverymuch.seemto仿佛、好像Briefsummaryabouttheusefulphrases:separate…from…（1段1行）；2.keepsbfromdoingsth（1段2行）；3.makesbdosth（2段1行）；4.boilinghot（2段5行）；5.so…that…（5段1行）；6.nomore（5段2行）；7.ontheaverage（5段4行）；8.pileup（10段2行）；9.such…that…（11段1行）；10.seemto（ll段2行）；11.beunwillingtodo…（2段1行）TextB:做一般了解。Newwords:observation:n觀察，observe:v觀察；observer:n觀察者continually:adv不停地，continuev繼續(xù)，cont