考研考博-英語-廣東財經(jīng)大學(xué)華商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廣東財經(jīng)大學(xué)華商學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.

問題1選項

A.retarding

B.perusing

C.detaining

D.attaining

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項retard“延遲，阻止，妨礙”，B項peruse“詳細考察，精讀”，C項detain“拘留，留住，耽擱”，D項attain“達到，實現(xiàn)，獲得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活等于幸福”，結(jié)合actually“實際上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“減少獲得真正幸福的機會”符合語境。句意：人們相信充滿樂趣、沒有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，這實際上減少了他們獲得真正幸福的機會。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.單選題

It’sthebrinybrothofourorigins,thepoundingcirculatorysystemoftheworld,a（

）molecularedgeonwhichwesurvive.

問題1選項

A.integrated

B.precarious

C.solid

D.collided

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。integrated綜合的，完整的；precarious不穩(wěn)定的，危險的；solid結(jié)實的；collided碰撞的。句意：生命起源于海洋，海洋是地球循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)，這些不穩(wěn)定的小分子是我們生存的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知B項符合題意。

3.單選題

Sincethecouplecouldn't（

）theirdifference,theydecidedtogetadivorce.

問題1選項

A.revise

B.resume

C.reconcile

D.repel

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。revise“更正，修改”；resume“（中斷后）重新開始”；reconcile“使和解，調(diào)解”；repel“擊退”。句意：那對夫婦不能和解分歧，所以決定離婚。C項符合題意，答案C

4.單選題

（）,althoughhehaddonenothingtobeproudof,Johnbegantoswellouthischestandshowoff.

問題1選項

A.Favored

B.Frustrated

C.Frauded

D.Flattered

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項Favored“支持；偏袒”；B選項Frustrated“挫敗；阻撓”；C選項Frauded“作假”；D選項Flattered“奉承；恭維”。句意：當他被……的時候，盡管并沒有做出什么值得驕傲的事情，約翰仍然開始挺胸炫耀。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息nothingtobeproudof“沒什么值得驕傲的地方”，但他的反應(yīng)卻是showoff“炫耀的”，由此可知，約翰是被人奉承了。因此D選項符合題意。

5.單選題

Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot（）theirprospectofpromotion.

問題1選項

A.spur

B.further

C.induce

D.reinforce

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項spur“鞭策，刺激”；B選項further“促進，助長”；C選項induce“誘導(dǎo)”；D選項reinforce“加強，鞏固”。根據(jù)句意：追求享樂對于雇員而言肯定不能促進他們晉升。選項B更符合語境。

6.單選題

IfyouhappenedtobewatchingNBConthefirstSundaymorninginAugustlastsummer,youwouldhaveseensomethingcurious.There,onthesetofMeetthePress,thehost,DavidGregory,wasinterviewingaguestwhomadeaforcefulcasethattheU.S.economyhadbecome“verydistorted”.Inthewakeoftherecession,thisguestexplained,high-incomeindividuals,largebanks,andmajorcorporationshadexperienceda“significantrecovery”;therestoftheeconomy,bycontrast—includingsmallbusinessesand“averysignificantamountofthelaborforce”—wasstuckandstillstruggling.Whatwewereseeing,heargued,wasnotasingleeconomyatall,butrather“fundamentallytwoseparatetypesofeconomy,”increasinglydistinctanddivergent.

Thisdiagnosis,thoughalarming,washardlyunique:drawingattentiontothedividebetweenthewealthyandeveryoneelsehaslongbeenstandardfareontheleft.(Theideaof“twoAmericas”wasacentralthemeofJohnEdwards’s2004and2008presidentialruns.)Whatmadetheargumentstrikinginthisinstancewasthatitwasbeingofferedbynoneotherthantheformerfive-termFederalReserveChairmanAlanGreenspan:iconiclibertarian,preeminentdefenderof

thefreemarket,and(atleastuntilrecently)thenation’sforemostdevoteeofAynRand.Whenthehighpriestofcapitalismhimselfisdeclaringthegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.

Thiswideninggapbetweentherichandnon-richhasbeenevidentforyears.Ina2005reporttoinvestors,forinstance,threeanalystsatCitigroupadvisedthat“theWorldisdividingintotwoblocs―thePlutonomyandtherest”.

Inaplutonomythereisnosuchanimalas“theU.S.consumer”or“theUKconsumer”，orindeedthe“Russianconsumer”.Therearerichconsumers,fewinnumber,butdisproportionateinthegiganticsliceofincomeandconsumptiontheytake.Therearetherest,the“non-rich”，themultitudinousmany,butonlyaccountingforsurprisinglysmallbitesofthenationalpie.

Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.Thewondrousinventionsofthemodemeconomy—Google,Amazon,theiPhone—broadlyimprovedthelivesofmiddle-classconsumers,evenastheymadeatinysubsetofentrepreneurshugelywealthy.Andtheless-wondrousinventions—particularlytheexplosionofsubprimecredit―helpedmasktheriskofincomeinequalityformanyofthosewhoseearningswerestagnant.

Butthefinancialcrisisanditslong,dismalaftermathhavechangedallthat.Amultibillion-dollarbailoutandWallStreet’sswift,subsequentreinstatementofgargantuanbonuseshaveinspiredanarrativeofparasiticbankersandotherelitesriggingthegamefortheirownbenefit.Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.economy（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoday’ssuper-elitewouldthepassagesupport?

3.Whatcanbesaidofmodemtechnologicalinnovations?

4.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatthefinancialcrisisanditsaftermath

（

）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

問題1選項

A.faresquitewell

B.hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheeconomicrecession

C.hasitsownproblems

D.islaggingbehindotherindustrialeconomies.

問題2選項

A.Today’splutocratsarethehereditaryelite.

B.Today’ssuper-richareincreasinglyanationuntothemselves.

C.Theyarethedeservingwinnersofatougheconomiccompetition.

D.Theyareworriedaboutthesocialandpoliticalconsequencesofrisingincomeinequality.

問題3選項

A.Theyhaveliftedmanypeopleintothemiddleclass

B.Theyhavenarrowedthegapbetweentherichandthenon-rich

C.Theyhaveledtoariseofincomeinequality.

D.Theyhavebenefitedthegeneralpublic.

問題4選項

A.havecompromisedtherichwiththenon-rich

B.haveenrichedtheplutocraticelite

C.haveputAmericansonthealertfortoomuchpowertherichpossess

D.haveenlargedthegapbetweentherichandnon-rich

問題5選項

A.presentthefinancialimbalanceintheU.S.

B.displaysympathyfortheworkingclass

C.criticizethesuper-eliteoftheUnitedStates

D.appreciatethemeritsofthesuperrichintheU.S.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“theU.S.economyhadbecome‘verydistorted’”美國經(jīng)濟變得“非常扭曲”，第二段中“thegrowthineconomicinequalityanationalcrisis,somethinghasgonevery,verywrong.”經(jīng)濟不平等的增長是一場全國性的危機，某些事情已非常糟糕，可知美國經(jīng)濟存在問題，因此選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Andthis,inturn,hasledtowider—andnotunreasonable—fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”這個反過來導(dǎo)致更廣泛且合理的擔心，即我們不僅生活在一個一個富人經(jīng)濟學(xué)中，而且還生活在一個富豪統(tǒng)治中，在這其中，富人顯示巨大的政治影響力、狹隘自私的動機。因此D選項“他們擔心不斷上升的收入不平等所帶來的社會和政治影響”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“Beforetherecession,itwasrelativelyeasytoignorethisconcentrationofwealthamonganelitefew.”在經(jīng)濟衰退之前，人們很容易忽視財富集中在少數(shù)精英階層身上，因此C選項“他們導(dǎo)致收入不平等的上升”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“fearsthatwearelivinginnotmerelyaplutonomy,butaplutocracy,inwhichtherichdisplayoutsizepoliticalinfluence,narrowlyself-interestedmotives,andacasualindifferencetoanyoneoutsidetheirownrarefiedeconomicbubble.”可知美國貧富差距巨大，經(jīng)融危機讓美國人意識到富人具有太多的權(quán)利，因此選C。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了美國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的呈兩種分化趨勢，存在的問題，以及富人和窮人之間的差距，因此A選項“介紹美國金融失衡”符合題意。

7.單選題

Don'tleaveyourbicycleoutintherain.It'llget（）.

問題1選項

A.rusty

B.crude

C.rough

D.tough

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不要將你的自行車放在雨中,

會生銹的。選項A正確。

8.填空題

Reconstructionmeansbroadlyforusreformulateandrefocusing

ontiesbetweenparticularpracticesandtheoriesofprosefictionandthefactsoflife,thatis,historical,biographical,andtextualfactsaboutauthors,readers,critics,andtheirworksandworlds.Criticalreconstructioncanevenshowhowpreviousfictionshavehelpedtocallintobesubsequentrealitiesandsubjectivities.Buttheprojectof

reconstructionmustbepluralandtextuallyspecific,ifitisnottobereductiveand,fromourlatetwentieth-centuryroller-coasterperspectivetohistory,toturnquicklyintoold-hattotalizing.Thereare

myriadwaysforcriticstoreconstructarelationshipbetweenatextandsomeaspectofreality.Letahundredbloomsflower.Thisbook,asawholeandinitsparts,featurestheinterplayoffictionsthan“therealworld,”butitexploresandexpandsideasofwhat

fictionandrealitymightbe.Indiscussionsofparticulartexts,itraises

andaddressessuchquestions,bothtimeandperennial,asthese:How

doesfictionworktorepresentandcommunicatetruthabouttheworld?Whatistheconnectionbetweenperceivedhistoricalrealityandtheformoflanguageinwhichanovelisnarrated?Howdoeswritingmediatethetensionsbetweenpublicandprivatelife,andwhatdoes

fictiontodowithformulatingtheveryconceptofsuchasplit?Whatisitexactlythatpeopleofagiventimewantandgetfromaparticularnovel?Howdoesanovelist’slifegiveformtoanovel?Howarereality,thenovel,knowledge,andthepracticeandformoffictionknownasrealismrelating,andwhatmightrealismmeannowasmoderncritics

reconstructideasaboutit?Howdoesacriticaltheoristofliteraturemovetopoliticaltheory?Howdotheeffectsofwriting“travel,”bothgeographicallyandintime?And,mostsignificantlyforus,whatcontinuestomatteraboutsomeparticularworkorworks?AllthesearequestionsIanWatt’sworkhasfloatedforusandhelpedbringintofocus.WattintegratedtheskillsandvirtuesofNewCriticism’sclosereadingswithconcernforsuchhistoricalfactorsaseconomicchange,

classandgenderdeterminants,thedynamicnatureofareadingpublic,culturalandphilosophicinfluences,socialpsychology,shitsinsignifyingpractices,andtheoriesofnarrativethathadbeenmissing,lost,orslightinginmuchinfluentialpostwarliterarycriticism.His

boldnessintakingthestudyofliteratureinitiallybeyondpuretextualanalysisintorealmsofsociology,ideology,andculturalrelations,andthenbackintoindividualnovelsforricherandmorecomplexreadingswasabrilliantaccomplishmentthatbroadenedextendingtherangeof

literaryscholarship.Heopenedupfieldsforscholarsofallbents—fieldsconsisting,tobesure,ofturftofightabout.Hisinterdisciplinarymethodwasinstrumentalinhelpingtobringabouttheinteractionofmanycriticalpracticesandpositionsthatcontinuestopreoccupycritics.

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

6.______

7.______

8.______

9.______

10.______

【答案】1.【答案】reformulate改為reformulating

2.【答案】callintobe去掉be

3.【答案】perspectiveto改為perspectiveof

4.【答案】but改為and

5.【答案】asthese改為suchas

6.【答案】does改為has

7.【答案】relating改為related

8.【答案】economicchange改為economicchanges

9.【答案】lost改成losing

10.【答案】broadenedextending去掉extending

【解析】1.【解題思路】由and后面的現(xiàn)在分詞refocusing（重新關(guān)注）可知，reformulate（再用形式表示）與refocusing并列，所以reformulate也應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故reformulate應(yīng)改成reformulating。

2.【解題思路】callinto是常用詞組，表示“喚起”，后面可以直接跟名詞，不用加be，所以把be去掉。

3.【解題思路】perspectiveof（……的角度）是固定用法，不能和to搭配，所以把to改為of。

4.【解題思路】這句句意是“這本書，作為一個整體和它的部分，特點是小說的相互作用，而不是現(xiàn)實世界，它探索和擴展了虛構(gòu)和現(xiàn)實可能是什么的想法”，可知前后為并列關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以把but改為and。

5.【解題思路】這句句意是“在對特定文本的討論中，它提出并解決了這樣的問題，既有時間上的，也有長期存在的”，然后下文列舉了一些問題，而asthese沒有表示“舉例”的用法，所以要把asthese改為suchas。

6.【解題思路】has/havetodowith是固定搭配，表示“與……有關(guān)”，而fiction是單數(shù)，所以要把does改為has。

7.【解題思路】這句句意是“現(xiàn)實、小說、知識、小說的實踐和形式是如何被稱為現(xiàn)實主義相關(guān)的”，表示“與……相關(guān)的”要用relate的過去分詞形式related，所以要把relating改為related。

8.【解題思路】suchas（例如）表示舉例，economicchange（經(jīng)濟變化）和classandgenderdeterminants（階級和性別決定因素）以及后面的名詞短語都是并列的成分，所以統(tǒng)一都用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故把change改為changes。

9.【解題思路】lost和missing、slighting一樣都是并列動詞，hadbeendoing表示“過去一直在做的事情”，所以要把lost改為losing。

10.【解題思路】broaden和extend都是動詞，都表示“擴大，擴展”，這里broaden是定語從句中的謂語動詞，避免語義重復(fù)，要把extending去掉。

9.單選題

Sincetheendofthewar,asemblanceof（）hasgraduallyreturnedwithpeoplegoingtoworkandshopsreopening.

問題1選項

A.normalization

B.norm

C.normative

D.normality

【答案】D

【解析】語法和形近詞辨析。根據(jù)asemblanceof可知，空格應(yīng)該填入一個名詞，所以選項C可排除。normalization“正常化；正規(guī)化”，norm“標準，規(guī)范”；normality“常態(tài)”。句意：自從戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以來，隨著人們?nèi)ド习嗪鸵恍┥痰甑闹匦麻_張，表面上漸漸地恢復(fù)了正常狀態(tài)。選項D符合題意。

10.單選題

Expertssaidtheamountofcompensationforsicksmokerswouldbereducedifcoolerjurorsprevailed.

問題1選項

A.resigned

B.compromised

C.persist

D.dominate

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析。句意:專家說假如陪審團成員（

）的話，那么賠償給吸煙患者的數(shù)額就會減少。

resign辭職，放棄，委托。compromise妥協(xié)，和解persist堅持，持續(xù)。dominate控制，支配，占優(yōu)勢，占主要地位。prevail:戰(zhàn)勝，流行。

11.單選題

Thedirectionswereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問題1選項

A.ingenious

B.notorious

C.ambitious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項ingenious“機靈的；心靈手巧的”；B選項notorious“聲名狼藉的；臭名昭著的”；C選項ambitious“有雄心的；野心勃勃的”；D選項ambiguous“模糊不清的；模棱兩可的”。句意：這些指示太不明確了，以致不可能完成任務(wù)。因此D選項符合題意。

12.單選題

MariaChapmanwrotemany（）condemningslaveryatthattime.

問題1選項

A.prescriptions

B.directories

C.booklets

D.prototypes

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項prescriptions“處方；藥方”；B選項directories“目錄；名錄”；C選項booklets“小冊子”；D選項prototypes“原型；雛形”。句意：瑪麗亞?查普曼寫了許多……，譴責當時的奴隸制度。根據(jù)動詞wrote“寫”，可知空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入與文章類有關(guān)的單詞，因此可以排除A，B，D選項。后面的condemningslaveryatthattime“譴責當時的奴隸制度”做后置定語，可譯為寫了很多譴責當時的奴隸制度的小冊子。因此C選項符合題意。

13.翻譯題

人們不會再建造大學(xué)校，而是會縮減現(xiàn)今存在的學(xué)校的規(guī)模以滿足不斷變化的學(xué)生需求，這些學(xué)生愿意把很多時間花在不到校學(xué)習(xí)上。隨著每天到校的學(xué)生越來越少，需要的設(shè)備也就越來越少，那么，在設(shè)備上的投資也就越來越少，設(shè)備的價值很快也就喪失了。教育機構(gòu)的電腦會被連接到能提供幾乎是沒有限制的計算能力和不斷更新的軟件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。在科技和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施上節(jié)省下來的資金會被用到為所有學(xué)生提供更好的教學(xué)設(shè)施，通過掌上電腦給所有學(xué)生提供可以進入到計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心的接入口。學(xué)生將用這些掌上電腦完成所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，上傳和下載信息，打印報告，進入網(wǎng)絡(luò)，還有就是存儲他們研究的結(jié)果。

不公正并不會在2010年就消失。然而，無論是因為經(jīng)濟等級，還是精神或體格的需要，富人和窮人之間的不平等會直接通過政策，管理和經(jīng)濟上的優(yōu)先權(quán)加以削弱。這些優(yōu)先權(quán)會促使將用于建筑和管理的費用轉(zhuǎn)向以學(xué)生為驅(qū)動的費用，即為所有的學(xué)生準備可以進入到先進學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的必備的學(xué)習(xí)工具。所有的學(xué)生都將有機會讓他們自己為充滿競爭的新經(jīng)濟社會做好準備。教育機會不再會因為個人出身低或是沒有資源而被損失掉。

社區(qū)會在教育中扮演更為重要的角色。當?shù)氐钠髽I(yè)會在學(xué)生的專業(yè)實習(xí)準備中發(fā)揮重要的作用。這些企業(yè)如果在此活動中表現(xiàn)突出的話，可以接受稅務(wù)減免。

【答案】【參考譯文】

AVisionofEducationintheYear201014.單選題

Asajuniorassistantmanager,hehadbeenselectedfor（）.

問題1選項

A.interruption

B.promotion

C.consideration

D.intuition

【答案】B

【解析】句意:作為一個年輕的副經(jīng)理,他已被選中為提拔對象。

考查名詞辨析。Interruption中斷時間,打擾,插嘴;promotion提升,提拔,晉升;consideration仔細考慮,深思,斟酌;intuition直覺力,(一種)直覺。故B符合句意。

15.單選題

Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately，thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofovergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.

First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseasedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.

Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthediseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducethatriskofdeathasfaraspossible.Itisessentialtomakethearea，whichhasbeenpruned,smoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhoursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyoumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.

1.Pruningshouldbedoneto（）.

2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener（）.

3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?

4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree（）.

5.Whatwastheauthor’spurposewhenwritingthispassage?

問題1選項

A.makethetreegrowtaller

B.improvetheshapeofthetree

C.getridofthesmallbranches

D.makethesmallbranchesthicker

問題2選項

A.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddle

B.doesnotprotectthemfromwind

C.forcesthemtogrowtooquickly

D.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches

問題3選項

A.Tomakeawoundsmooth.

B.Topreventdiseaseenteringawound.

C.Tocoveraroughsurface.

D.Tohelpawoundtodry.

問題4選項

A.atintervalsthroughouttheyear

B.asquicklyaspossible

C.occasionallywhennecessary

D.regulareverywinter

問題5選項

A.Togivepracticalinstructionforpruningatree.

B.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruning.

C.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseases.

D.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Pruningshouldbedone”定位至第二段：pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize（修枝是為了確保樹木按照所需要的形狀或大小生長）。因此，B項為正確答案。

2.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Treesbecomeunhealthy”定位至第二段：Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentre…（剪去堵塞中心的樹枝可以促進樹木的健康）。因此推測，樹木中心的樹枝太多不利于樹木的生長，A項為正確答案。

3.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“specialsubstancepaintedonthetree”定位至第三段：Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease...andthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.由此可知，在樹木切口表面漆上特殊的材料就是為了防止病害從樹木切口進入，B項為正確答案。

4.第一段指出：moredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway（不必要的剪枝會給樹木帶來更多的傷害）。由此推測，好的園丁只是在必要的時候才修剪樹木，C項為正確答案。

5.通篇作者在闡述什么情況下修剪樹木并且詳細介紹了原因和方法。因此，作者的目的是在修剪樹木方面給予實踐指導(dǎo)，A項為正確答案。

16.單選題

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.

問題1選項

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

問題2選項

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

問題3選項

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

問題4選項

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

問題5選項

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.（安全專家說，問題既不是金錢，也不是技術(shù)，而是一個對火災(zāi)不夠重視的國家的冷漠）和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.（它在預(yù)防火災(zāi)方面比在滅火中花費的要少得多）可知美國火災(zāi)多的原因是他們不夠重視預(yù)防火災(zāi)，因此選B。

第2題:細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.（但即使如此成功，美國仍然是世界上火災(zāi)死亡率最高的國家之一）可知D選項“仍然面臨著嚴重的火災(zāi)問題”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.（在美國，大部分教育費用都花在小學(xué)上。但是，這些課程的目標受眾太少，只有9%的火災(zāi)死亡是由玩火柴的兒童造成的）可知A選項“消防安全課程應(yīng)針對美國成年人”符合題意。

第4題:推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.（專家說，致命的錯誤是一種態(tài)度，即火災(zāi)不是任何人的過錯。在其他國家情況并非如此，在這些國家，公共教育和法律都將火災(zāi)視為個人過失或犯罪……日本已經(jīng)有27項因過失引起嚴重火災(zāi)的處罰，最高可達無期徒刑）可知C選項“法律和態(tài)度”符合題意。

第5題:細節(jié)事實題。通讀全文，可知作者對文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.（美國繼續(xù)更多地依賴技術(shù)，而不是法律或社會壓力）這種“不依靠法律或社會壓力”的觀點是不贊成，認為需要依靠法律和社會壓力來減少美國火災(zāi)的發(fā)生，因此選B。

17.單選題

Millionairescanbreatheabiteasier.WhilePresidentBarackObamasayshewantstoletincometaxcutsthatbenefitonlythewealthiestAmericansexpirein2013,severalstatesarerollingbacktaxincreasesfortopearners.

NewYork’shighesttaxratesonincomesexceeding$500,000willfallbackto7.85percent,from8.97percent,thisyear.Maryland’s6.25percenttaxonincomesabove$1millionexpiredattheendof2010,whileCalifornia’stoptaxrateforMillionaireshasdroppedto10.3percentfrom10.55percent.

Atleastsevenstatesinstitutedtemporaryso-calledmillionairetaxesduringtherecession.Thoseleviesarebecominghardertojustifynowthatstaterevenuesarerebounding.Overall,statetaxrevenuegrew12percentinAprilcomparedwithayearearlier,whichmaytrim$20billionfromestimatedstatesbudgetshortfall,accordingtoarecentGoldmanSachs(GS)report.Thesoak-the-richdrive“justpeteredout”,saysJosephHenchman,vicepresidentforlegalandstateprojectsattheTaxFoundationinWashington,agroupfocusedonloweringtaxes.“Allofthesestatesarebackingawaynow.”

Businessgroupshavebeenvocalopponentsofthetemporaryhikes.TheBusinessCouncilofNewYorkStatehasopposedeffortstomaintainthetaxincreaseonthegroundsthatsuchmeasuresareanindirecttaxonbusinessincome.MorebusinessownerswhoarepaidbypartnershipsorScorporationsreportbusinessincomeontheirindividualreturns.KennethJ.Pokalsky,theBusinessCouncil’sseniordirectorofgovernmentaffairs,says25percentofrevenuegeneratedfromthestate’staxonhigherearnerscamefrombusinessincome.InCalifornia,theSiliconValleyLeadershipGroup,whosemembersincludeBankofAmerica(BAC),Apple(AAPL),andMicrosoft(MSFT),alongwith12otherbusinessgroups,havetoldlawmakersthattaxincreasesshouldbeextendedonlyiflawmakersagreeto“structuralreform”ofthebudget.

Republicans,whotypicallyopposetaxhikes,nowholdamajorityofgovemorships-29-andmanywereelectedlastyearaftercampaigningagainsttaxincreases.NewJerseygovernorChrisChristie,aRepublican,receivednationalattentionaftervetoingabillthatwouldhaveextendedataxonmillionairesinthestate.

SomeDemocratsarealsofightingthehighertaxes.NewYorkGovernorAndrewCuomosparkedabattlewithfellowpartymembersinthelegislatureearlierthisyearbyopposinglegislationthatwouldmaintainthehigherratesonindividualsearningmorethan$1million.MarylandGovernorMartinO’Malley,aDemocrat,didn’tpushtoextendhisState’smillionairetaxlastyear.“Iwouldliketothinkit’sbecausethesearenotverygoodpolicies,”Henchmansays,“Ifyou’reaconservative,youdon’treallylikethesetaxes.Ifyou’realiberal,theseservicesshouldbesoimportantthateveryoneshouldhavetopayforthem”.

TheAmericanpublicisalmostevenlydividedonthequestionsofwhetherthewealthyshouldshoulderahighertaxburden.AGalluppollreleasedonJune2found49percentrespondentsopposedhighertaxesontherich,while47percentsupportedthem.

31.BarackObamawantsto________.

32.________isoneofthepossiblereasonswhystaterevenuesrevived?

33.WhatcanbeinferredfromJosephHenchman’swords?

34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSiliconValleyLeadershipGroupiscorrect?

35.Whichisprobablythebesttitleforthispassage?

問題1選項

A.cutincometaxin2013

B.extendmillionairetaxto2013

C.benefitthewealthiestAmericansbycuttingincometax

D.rollbacktaxincreasesfortopearners

問題2選項

A.Initiatingtemporarymillionairetaxesduringthedepression

B.Levyingtaxonatleastsevenstatesinstitutions

C.Trimming$20billionfromstatebudget

D.Estimatingstatebudgetshortfalls

問題3選項

A.Thestatethatinstitutedmillionairetaxesaregoingtoabolishit.

B.Allofthesesatesarefocusingonthesoak-the-richdrivenow.

C.Thesoak-the-richdrivehasjuststartedout.

D.Onlyahandfulofthesestatesarefocusingonloweringtaxes.

問題4選項

A.Itwas15membersintotal