考研英語(yǔ)(二)真題及答案

2012年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）試卷SectionlllseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGl.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolthat'sneedtobe.Tothemenandadventurism,butofAmericannothowitmilitaryWarHandthepeoplethey2mangrownwomenwho1inWorldliberated,theGlwastheintohero,thepoorfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3alltheburdenswhosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4offoodandshelter,ofbattles,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5anaverageguyup6thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesincenturies.Hisnameisn'tmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticles8tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoePalooka,JoeMagrac?aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10hadapresidentorvice-presidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GLJoehada11careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappearsasacharacterora12ofAmericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGl.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentEmiePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPoly13portrayedthemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe14sideofthewar,writingaboutthedirt-snow-and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere“Willie”cartoonsreports16theliberated.15orwhattownswerecapturedorHisMaulden.Bothmen17theandStripesoffamedStarsartistdirtBillandexhaustionofwar,the18ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,Gl.JoewasAmericansoldiers,20themostimportantpersonintheirlives..[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed1/20.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal.[A]bore[B]caused[C]removed[D]loaded.[A]necessities[B]facilities[C]commodities[D]properties5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]from[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming.[A]handedout[B]turnedover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed1O.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither.[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpoint2/20SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow

eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent'sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschoolingoteachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents'academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethem3/20countforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.Meanwhile,thispolicydoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject,orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheshool

board,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework,

[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferencesL.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents.[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducational

standard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework

[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomeworkAccordingtoParagraph3'oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay.[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests4/20[D]restrictteachers'powerineducationAsmentionedinParagraph4akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkis.itshouldbeeliminateditcountsmuchinschoolingitplacesextraburdensonteachersitisimportantforgradesAsuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe.wrongInterpretationsofanEducationalPolicyAWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudentsThornyQuestionsaboutHomeworkAFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitisinouryounggirlsitisnotthatpink'pervasivelives.isintrinsicallygirlhoodbad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrateandfirmlyfusesgirls'repeatedlyitalsoidentitytoappearance.Theninoneway,itpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls'livesandinterests.Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable.somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessoritofAmericanStudiesJhecolour-codedwerenotatalluntil20thcentury,theearlyerabeforeChildrendomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswere5/20introduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionBlue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Mary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren,smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdeveloped'sbehavior:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoafteryearsofresearchintochildrenDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularizedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,createa“thirdsteppingstone“betweenkids'andolderweartheyshouldinfantutoddler"becameacommonshoppers'termthatitclothes.ItwasonlyafterabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalintoSplittingkids,oradults,stage.evolvedintoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist..Bysayinguitis?therainbow”(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink.[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterestsAccordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.6/20Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.Whiteispreferredbybabies.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature[C]researchesintochildren'sbehaviour[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumptionWemaylearnfromparagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers'termsItcanbeconcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkseemstobe.[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText37/20ln2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswerepatented.ButinMarch2012ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjustaupreliminarystep”inalongerbattleOnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtdecision,overturnedthepriorrulingthatMuriadGeneticscouldindeedholdpatentsawoman'sriskofbreastcancer.ThechieftotwogenesthathelpforecastexecutiveofMytiad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtsCriticsmakeratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotover.w川remainsoitmaythreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ofnature,ageneisaproductogeneoandpatentsinnovationrathernotbepatentedthanrewarditpatentssuppressmonopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriadsAgrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogeneticInOctobertheDepartmentofJusticeabriefinfiledtheMyriadtests.case,arguingofnature?than"isaproductfibresDNAmoleculethatanisolatednolessarecotton“thathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.Despitetheappealscourt,sdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.Astheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostareunlikelypatentedorinthepublicdomain.Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredietadrug'sefficacy.Companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor“connectingthedots,“explainsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtw川hearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedsessionstocoachlawyerontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.8/20ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike.theirexecutivestobeactivejudgestoruleoutgenepatentinggenestobepatentabletheBIOtoissueawarningThosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat,genetictestsarenotreliableonlyman-madeproductsarepatentablepatantsongenesdependmuchoninnovationcourtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictestsAccordingtoHansSauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor.establishingdiseasecorrelationsdiscoveringgeneinteractionsdrawingpicturesofgenesidentifyinghumanDNABysaying“Eachmeetingwaspacked”(Line4,Para.6),theauthormeansthat.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativetheBIOwasapowerfulorganisation9/20genepatentingwasagreatconcernlawyerswerekeentoattendconventionsGenerallyspeaking,theauthor'sattitudetowardgenepatentingis.criticalsupportivescornfulobjectiveText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways:theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent。theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionw川leavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Theinandfaruncertain,off.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,MoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.10/20Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone.Indeed,thisclassdivides,periodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceand-especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchdecreaseopportunitiestocrossthemsuggeststhatnotallVonWachter,theeconomicatColumbiallniversity,ofTillpeoplegraduatingchancesdimmed:thoseseetheirlifewithdegreesfromintoarecessionbeenuniversitiescatchquicklyupfairlytowheretheyotherwisewouldhaveelitebettertimes。itareinleftthemassesbeneathisthemthatiftheyhadgraduatedbehind.IntheInternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwithinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerning'scharacter.lnmanyrespects,preciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsocietytheU.S.wasmoresociallyenteringthisrecessionthanatanytimeinitstoleranthistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.Wew川havetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.certainlyButtheyandallthewillreshapeit,moresothelongertheyextend.Bysayingutofindsilverlinings(Linel,Para.2)theauthorsuggeststhatthejoblesstryto.seeksubsidiesfromthegovernmentexplorereasonsfortheunemploymentmakeprofitfromthetroubledeconomylookonthebrightsideoftherecessionAccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeoplerealizethenationaldreamstruggleagainsteachotherchallengetheirprudence[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle11/20BenjaminFriedmanbelievesthateconomicrecessionsmay.imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrantsbringoutmoreevilsofhumannaturepromotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedomseaseconflictsbetweenracesandclassesTheresearchofTillVonWachtersuggeststhatintherecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto.lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunitiescatchupquicklywithexperiencedemployeesseetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothersrecovermorequicklythantheothersTheauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis.certainpositivetrivial[D]destructivePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyreadinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheright12/20column.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MakeyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)"Universityhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedintheworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,“wrotetheVictorianThomasCarlyleWell,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavoritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromourforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDebinslllustribus-onFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedthetheuniquenessofpainterstheartist'day,stressingsandauthoroftheirleadingpersonexperiencerathertheVictorianthanpublicBycontrast,authorSamuelglory.—Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,Smilewroteselfindustrialistsandexplorers.uThevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepatientpurposeresoluteworkingpowerofself-help,ofandsteadfastintegrity,issuinginoftrulytheexhibit.formationnobleandmanlycharacter,vwroteSmile,“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.HisbiographiesofWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguideJamesWatt,RichardArkwrightandJosiantheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.representedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedasTheseepochalfigurespossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.13/20Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast.“Thehistoryofallhitherto“wrotexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggles,eMarxandEngelinTheCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:"Itisman,livingmanwhodoesallthat.Andhistoryshould”bethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle,Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:"Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjust(A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes41Petrarch[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists42NiccoldMachiavelli(C)focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate43SamuelSmiles[D]opened呼newrealmsofunderstandingthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle44ThomasCarlyle(E]heldthathistoryshould45MarxandEngels[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorersundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butastheyplease。theydonotmakeitundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthe

past.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding——fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedoflostsocieties.themultiplicityAndittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Write

yourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesindevelopedworld.Thesearethekindofworkers14/20thatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountrieslikelytoemigrate.AbigareparticularlysurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheage25.Thisubraindrainhaslongbotheredeconomies,inpoorpolicymakerscountries.hurtstheirdeprivingTheyfearthatitthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.SectionIVWritingPartADirections:Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecentertomakeacomplaint,and2)demandapromptsolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”instead.PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwriting,youshoulddescribethetable,and15/20giveyourcomments.某公司員工工作滿意度調(diào)查不潘是不滿意H40歲167%500%333%40-50歲00%360%640%>50歲400H500%100%Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15point)2012考研英語(yǔ)二考研完整參考答案完形填空：1.B2,B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.DTEXT1：21.A22.C23.A24.B25.DTEXT2：26.A27.B28.A29.C30.CTEXT3：16/2031.C32.B33.A34.D35.DTEXT4：36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A新題型：41-45：AFGCESectionIIITranslation46.【參考譯文】發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人們?yōu)橐泼駪n慮時(shí)，他們通常擔(dān)憂的是離開(kāi)自己國(guó)家去去硅谷或發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的醫(yī)院和大學(xué)的最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的群體的前景。這些勞動(dòng)者正是像英國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞這樣的國(guó)家通過(guò)賦予受過(guò)大學(xué)教育者以特權(quán)的移民法想要吸引的人群。很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家的那些受到良好教育的人們極有可能選擇移居他國(guó)。2004年對(duì)印度家庭開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)廣泛的調(diào)查，結(jié)果顯示約40%的移民受過(guò)高中以上的教育。相比而言，在所有年齡超過(guò)25歲的印度人中，受過(guò)高中以上教育的人數(shù)比例只有約。“人3.3%才流失”一直困擾著貧窮國(guó)家的政策制定者們。他們擔(dān)心這會(huì)對(duì)本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)造成損害，造成國(guó)家急需的技工的流失。這些技術(shù)人員可能曾在他們的大學(xué)教案，也可能曾在他們的醫(yī)院工作，或者曾經(jīng)構(gòu)想出智能化的新產(chǎn)品讓他們的工廠去生產(chǎn)?！窘庾x】今年翻譯話題是貧窮國(guó)家的人才流失問(wèn)題，話題內(nèi)容比較好理解，從而在很大程度上降低了翻譯的難度。但還是有幾個(gè)地方有的同學(xué)可能會(huì)比較困惑。1）文章第一句的主句需要我們?nèi)フJ(rèn)真思考下。"theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworldn這句話中concernat的賓語(yǔ)是prospect?？吹健皁f”我們要立即想到“AofB”翻譯為“B的A”在這里，A指的就是“prospect"，關(guān)鍵就是找出B指代的是什么。而這一點(diǎn)恰恰是本句理解的難點(diǎn)B指的是“theirbestandbrightest”翻譯為“他們中最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的（群體）2）第一段第二句話關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句的理解。第一個(gè)that從句作定語(yǔ)從修飾workers，第二個(gè)that作定語(yǔ)修飾rules。這里是考研英語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)：17/20句的嵌套。對(duì)于這樣的句子我們的關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確找到先行詞，根據(jù)一個(gè)句子如果有N個(gè)連詞就必定有N+1個(gè)動(dòng)詞的原則來(lái)切分開(kāi)長(zhǎng)句。3)“braindrain"這個(gè)詞組是在報(bào)刊雜志中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的，意思是“人才流失”。這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)通過(guò)上下文邏輯應(yīng)該能大概猜出它的意思，但是在考研考場(chǎng)上，尤其是在完成了閱讀和作文后很多同學(xué)可能已經(jīng)耗費(fèi)了大量的體力和腦力，對(duì)于這個(gè)單詞的猜測(cè)可能會(huì)很費(fèi)力，甚至?xí)艞?。這個(gè)說(shuō)明我們?cè)倨綍r(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中應(yīng)該注意積累這樣的熱點(diǎn)詞匯。4)“Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswho”對(duì)于這個(gè)句子的理解關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)于“depriving”之后成分在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中作用的理解。Deprive本意是剝奪，在這里很顯然不適合直譯。我們根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可以翻譯為“技工的流失”。“clever”這個(gè)單詞很簡(jiǎn)單，同學(xué)們都認(rèn)識(shí)，在這里翻譯為“聰明的”很顯然說(shuō)不通，clever除了“聰明的”還有“精巧”之意，再結(jié)合這里說(shuō)的是技術(shù)工人的重要性，我們可以翻譯為“智能的”SectionIVWriting應(yīng)用文范文DearSirorMadam,Iamanhonestcustomerwhooftenbuystheproductsfrom

youronlinestore.Ijustboughtanelectronicdictionaryfromyourstoretheotherday.IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaintaboutthequalityofit.ThereasonformydissatisfactionisthatIfoundtheelectronicdictionarycan'treachmysa