外研版高中英語必修4《odule-2-Traffic-Jam-Writing》優(yōu)質(zhì)課課件-6

TheLondonCongestionCharge——從經(jīng)典篇目中學(xué)習(xí)行文邏輯及結(jié)構(gòu)LagosBeijingSaoPaoloLondonTheLondonCongestionCharge開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式Beijingisn’ttheonlycitywithtrafficproblems.Youcangetstruckinatrafficjamanywhereintheworld.Theworstproblemoccurincitieswhicharegrowingfast,suchasSaoPaoloinBrazilandLagosinNigeria.ButevencitiesindevelopedcountriessuchastheUSsuffer.LosAngeles,whichwasbuiltwiththemotorcarinmind,andisfamousforitssix-lanehighways,isnowtheUSA’smostcongestedcity.開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式Beijingisn開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式isn’ttheonlycitywithtrafficproblems.

Theworstproblemoccurincitieswhicharegrowingfast,suchasinBrazilandinNigeria.ButevencitiesindevelopedcountriessuchastheUSsuffer.,whichwasbuiltwiththemotorcarinmind,andisfamousforitssix-lanehighways,isnowtheUSA’smostcongestedcity.Youcangetstruckinatrafficjamanywhereintheworld.BeijingSaoPaoloLagosLosAngeles中心句現(xiàn)象問題的表象：交通擁堵已經(jīng)成為一種全球現(xiàn)象開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策InEuropemostcapitalcitieswereplannedandbuiltbeforecars,andcitycentretrafficjamshavebeenpartofdailylifeforalongtime.ThesituationincentralLondon,wheredriversspentfiftypercentoftheirtimeinqueues,becamesobadthatthelocalgovernmentdecidedtodosomethingaboutit.InFebruary2003theMayorofLondon,KenLivingstone,introduceda“congestioncharge”—ataxforcarsenteringthecentreofthecity.承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策InEuropemos承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策mostcapitalcitieswereplannedandbuiltbeforecars,and

foralongtime.Thesituationincentral,wheredriversspentfiftypercentoftheirtimeinqueues,becamesobadthatthelocalgovernmentdecidedtodosomethingaboutit.InFebruary2003ofLondon,KenLivingstone,introduceda—ataxforcarsenteringthecentreofthecity.

InEurope

citycentretrafficjamshavebeenpartofdailylifeLondontheMayor“congestioncharge”中心句對策問題及對策：市中心的擁堵問題日益嚴峻，市政廳提出對策承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容Theideaissimple:everycarcomingintothecenterhastopay￡5aday.Driverscanpaythechargeatanyof1,000paypointsinthecapitalbefore10pm.Asthecarscomeintothecentre,videocamerasrecordtheirregistrationnumbers,andthesearecheckedwithalistofdriverswhohavepaidthechargeforthatday.Peoplewhodonotpaythechargewillfaceafineof￡80.鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容Theideaiss鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容

Driverscanatanyof1,000paypointsinthecapitalbefore10pm.Asthecarscomeintothecentre,videocamerastheirregistrationnumbers,andthesewithalistofdriverswhohavepaidthechargeforthatday.Peoplewhowillfaceafineof￡80.Theideaissimple:everycarcomingintothecentrehastopay￡5aday.paythechargerecordarechecked

donotpaythecharge中心句內(nèi)容對策的具體內(nèi)容：進入市中心需繳稅，全程監(jiān)控，違者高額罰款鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.TheyagreethatLondonhasatrafficproblem,butthecongestionchargeisexpensive,andlimitstheirfreedom…Question1：Doesthisstandfortheauthor’sopinion？Question2：Doyouthinkwecanchangetheplaceofthe4thand5thparagraph?欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響MostLondoner欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響TheythatLondonhasatrafficproblem,butthecongestionchargeis,andlimitstheir…MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.agreeexpensivefreedom中心句反響Answer1：No,itdoesnot.（在閱讀理解中，“作者支持哪種觀點？”的問題很容易因本段所處的段落位置及觀點被誤判）Answer2：Itdependsonwhatwearegoingtoemphasizeon.（從行文布局角度看，本段中的社會反響與政策相左，正與下段所說明的對策實際效果形成鮮明對比，行文力度就在于此。）社會反響：民眾因“收費高”和“限制自由”不滿意市政廳對策欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效應(yīng)Butdoesthecongestionchargework?Asurveycarriedoutattheendof2003suggestsitdoes.Afteronlysixmonths,trafficcomingintocentralLondonwasreducedbyabout30percent,andjourneytimesby15percent.Morepeopleusedpublictransporttogettowork,andbicyclesweresuddenlyverypopular.What’smore,centralLondonshopsdidnotlosebusinesseventhoughtherewerefewercars.有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效應(yīng)Butdoesth有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效果Asurveycarriedoutattheendof2003suggestsitdoes.Afteronlysixmonths,comingintocentralLondonwasbyabout30percent,andjourneytimesby15percent.Morepeopletogettowork,weresuddenlyverypopular.What’smore,centralLondonshopsdidnotlosebusinesseventhoughtherewerefewercars.Butdoesthecongestionchargework?trafficreducedusedpublictransportandbicycles中心句現(xiàn)實對策效果：交通量大幅減少，更多人開始使用公共交通工具或自行車Q？有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效果意味深長——用觀念與現(xiàn)實的矛盾引發(fā)思考Butthereareafewpeoplewhothinkthechargeshouldbemuchhigher,forexamplerichbusinessmenwhoworkinthecitycentreandcaneasilyaffordit.ThiswouldkeepevenmorecarsoutofcentreLondon,andtheroadswouldbenearlyempty.However,therearenoplanstoincreasethecharge.意味深長——用觀念與現(xiàn)實的矛盾引發(fā)思考Buttherea意味深長——用觀念與現(xiàn)實的矛盾引發(fā)思考

,forexamplerichbusinessmenwhoworkinthecitycentreandcaneasilyaffordit.ThiswouldkeepevenmorecarsoutofcentreLondon,andtheroadswouldbenearlyempty.,therearenoplanstoincreasethecharge.ButthereareafewpeoplewhothinkthechargeshouldbemuchhigherHowever中心句矛盾矛盾沖突：部分民眾認為應(yīng)該提高收費，但是這種觀點并未被市政廳采納Q？意味深長——用觀念與現(xiàn)實的矛盾引發(fā)思考Conclusions

內(nèi)容

結(jié)構(gòu)1.現(xiàn)象（GlobalTrafficProblems）開宗明義2.問題（TrafficJamsinLondon）3.對策（“TheCongestionCharge”）4.反響（Mostpeoplearenothappy.）5.效果（Thechargeworked.）6.矛盾（Thereisanothervoice.）承上啟下鋪陳就敘欲揚先抑有理有據(jù)意味深長Conclusions內(nèi)容HomeworkHowdoyouunderstandthetwo“But”atthebeginningofthelasttwoparagraphs?Writeashortpassageaboutprotectingtheenvironment,usingthewritingstructureswelearnedinthisclass.HomeworkHowdoyouunderstandTheEndThankYou!TheEndTheLondonCongestionCharge——從經(jīng)典篇目中學(xué)習(xí)行文邏輯及結(jié)構(gòu)LagosBeijingSaoPaoloLondonTheLondonCongestionCharge開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式Beijingisn’ttheonlycitywithtrafficproblems.Youcangetstruckinatrafficjamanywhereintheworld.Theworstproblemoccurincitieswhicharegrowingfast,suchasSaoPaoloinBrazilandLagosinNigeria.ButevencitiesindevelopedcountriessuchastheUSsuffer.LosAngeles,whichwasbuiltwiththemotorcarinmind,andisfamousforitssix-lanehighways,isnowtheUSA’smostcongestedcity.開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式Beijingisn開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式isn’ttheonlycitywithtrafficproblems.

Theworstproblemoccurincitieswhicharegrowingfast,suchasinBrazilandinNigeria.ButevencitiesindevelopedcountriessuchastheUSsuffer.,whichwasbuiltwiththemotorcarinmind,andisfamousforitssix-lanehighways,isnowtheUSA’smostcongestedcity.Youcangetstruckinatrafficjamanywhereintheworld.BeijingSaoPaoloLagosLosAngeles中心句現(xiàn)象問題的表象：交通擁堵已經(jīng)成為一種全球現(xiàn)象開宗明義——層次化說明問題的表現(xiàn)形式承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策InEuropemostcapitalcitieswereplannedandbuiltbeforecars,andcitycentretrafficjamshavebeenpartofdailylifeforalongtime.ThesituationincentralLondon,wheredriversspentfiftypercentoftheirtimeinqueues,becamesobadthatthelocalgovernmentdecidedtodosomethingaboutit.InFebruary2003theMayorofLondon,KenLivingstone,introduceda“congestioncharge”—ataxforcarsenteringthecentreofthecity.承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策InEuropemos承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策mostcapitalcitieswereplannedandbuiltbeforecars,and

foralongtime.Thesituationincentral,wheredriversspentfiftypercentoftheirtimeinqueues,becamesobadthatthelocalgovernmentdecidedtodosomethingaboutit.InFebruary2003ofLondon,KenLivingstone,introduceda—ataxforcarsenteringthecentreofthecity.

InEurope

citycentretrafficjamshavebeenpartofdailylifeLondontheMayor“congestioncharge”中心句對策問題及對策：市中心的擁堵問題日益嚴峻，市政廳提出對策承上啟下——問題的現(xiàn)實影響引出對策鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容Theideaissimple:everycarcomingintothecenterhastopay￡5aday.Driverscanpaythechargeatanyof1,000paypointsinthecapitalbefore10pm.Asthecarscomeintothecentre,videocamerasrecordtheirregistrationnumbers,andthesearecheckedwithalistofdriverswhohavepaidthechargeforthatday.Peoplewhodonotpaythechargewillfaceafineof￡80.鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容Theideaiss鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容

Driverscanatanyof1,000paypointsinthecapitalbefore10pm.Asthecarscomeintothecentre,videocamerastheirregistrationnumbers,andthesewithalistofdriverswhohavepaidthechargeforthatday.Peoplewhowillfaceafineof￡80.Theideaissimple:everycarcomingintothecentrehastopay￡5aday.paythechargerecordarechecked

donotpaythecharge中心句內(nèi)容對策的具體內(nèi)容：進入市中心需繳稅，全程監(jiān)控，違者高額罰款鋪陳就敘——詳細闡述對策的具體內(nèi)容欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.TheyagreethatLondonhasatrafficproblem,butthecongestionchargeisexpensive,andlimitstheirfreedom…Question1：Doesthisstandfortheauthor’sopinion？Question2：Doyouthinkwecanchangetheplaceofthe4thand5thparagraph?欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響MostLondoner欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響TheythatLondonhasatrafficproblem,butthecongestionchargeis,andlimitstheir…MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.agreeexpensivefreedom中心句反響Answer1：No,itdoesnot.（在閱讀理解中，“作者支持哪種觀點？”的問題很容易因本段所處的段落位置及觀點被誤判）Answer2：Itdependsonwhatwearegoingtoemphasizeon.（從行文布局角度看，本段中的社會反響與政策相左，正與下段所說明的對策實際效果形成鮮明對比，行文力度就在于此。）社會反響：民眾因“收費高”和“限制自由”不滿意市政廳對策欲揚先抑——側(cè)面反映對策的社會反響有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效應(yīng)Butdoesthecongestionchargework?Asurveycarriedoutattheendof2003suggestsitdoes.Afteronlysixmonths,trafficcomingintocentralLondonwasreducedbyabout30percent,andjourneytimesby15percent.Morepeopleusedpublictransporttogettowork,andbicyclesweresuddenlyverypopular.What’smore,centralLondonshopsdidnotlosebusinesseventhoughtherewerefewercars.有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效應(yīng)Butdoesth有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效果Asurveycarriedoutattheendof2003suggestsitdoes.Afteronlysixmonths,comingintocentralLondonwasbyabout30percent,andjourneytimesby15percent.Morepeopletogettowork,weresuddenlyverypopular.What’smore,centralLondonshopsdidnotlosebusinesseventhoughtherewerefewercars.Butdoesthecongestionchargework?trafficreducedusedpublictransportandbicycles中心句現(xiàn)實對策效果：交通量大幅減少，更多人開始使用公共交通工具或自行車Q？有理有據(jù)——用事實說話反映對策社會效果