2019高三高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練閱讀理解及解析(科普類)03Word含解斬

2021高三高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練閱讀理解及分析(科普類)03Word版含解斬2021高三高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練閱讀理解及分析(科普類)03Word版含解斬2021高三高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題訓(xùn)練閱讀理解及分析(科普類)03Word版含解斬閱讀理解〔科普類〕03六、Mostdamagingly,angerweakensaperson'sabilitytothinkclearlyandkeepcontroloverhisbehaviour.Theangrypersonlosesobjectivityinevaluatingtheemotionalsignificanceofthepersonorsituationthatarouseshisanger.specificexpressionofangeralsodiffersfrompersontopersonbasedonbiologicalandcultaralforces.Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.Wenolongerregardduels(決戰(zhàn))asanappropriateexpressionofangerresultingfromoneperson'sawarenessofinsultingbehaviouronthepartofanother.Angercanbeidentifiedinthebrain,wheretheelectricalactivitychanges.UndermostconditionsEEG(腦電圖)measuresofelectricalactivityshowbalancedactivitybetweentherightandleftprefrontal(額葉前部)areas.Behaviourallythiscorrespondstothegeneraleven-handeddisposition〔意愿〕thatmostofuspossessmostofthetime.ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren'tbalancedand.asaresultofthis,we'relikelytoreact.Andourbehaviouralresponsetoangerisdifferentfromourresponsetootheremotions,whetherpositiveornegative.Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour:wemoveclosertopeoplewelike.Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour:wemoveawayfrompeopleandthingsthatwedislikeorthatmakeusanxious.Butangerisanexceptiontothispattern.Theangrierweare.themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.Thisapproach-and-confrontbehaviourisaccompaniedbyaleftwardprefrontalasymmetry(不對(duì)稱)ofEEGactivity.Interestingly,thisasymmetrylessensiftheangrypersoncanexperienceempathy(同感)towardstheindividualwhoisbringingforththeangryresponse.Indefensiveanger,incontrast,theEEGasymmetryisdirectedtotherightandtheangrypersonfeelshelplessinthefaceoftheanger-inspiringsitaation.61.The"duels"exampleinParagraph2provesthattheexpressionofanger.A.usuallyhasabiologicalbasisB.variesamongpeopleC.issociallyandculturallyshapedD.influencesone'sthinkingandevaluation62.Whatchangescanbefoundinanangrybrain?A.Balancedelectricalactivitycanbespotted.B.Unbalancedpatternsarefoundinprefrontalareas.C.Electricalactivitycorrespondstoone'sbehaviour.D.Electricalactivityagreeswithone'sdisposition.63.Whichofthefollowingistypicalofoffensiveanger?A.Approachingthesourceofanger.B.Tryingtocontrolwhatisdisliked.C.Movingawayfromwhatisdisliked.D.Feelinghelplessinthefaceofanger.64.Whatisthekeymessageofthelastparagraph?A.Howangerdiffersfromotheremotions.B.Howangerrelatestootheremotions.C.Behaviouralresponsestoanger.D.Behaviouralpatternsofanger.【考點(diǎn)】觀察科普知識(shí)類閱讀【文章粗心】本文介紹了一些與生氣相關(guān)的表現(xiàn)以及醫(yī)學(xué)原理和人們生氣的時(shí)候表現(xiàn)出的行為模式。61.【答案】C推理題。依據(jù)文章第二段Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosociallyharmfultobetolerated.在今世社會(huì)里，生氣的肢體表現(xiàn)被以為是對(duì)社會(huì)有損害而不可以被容忍。但是在古代卻又著決戰(zhàn)這樣的行為，說(shuō)明生氣的表現(xiàn)形式是由不同樣的社會(huì)和文化形成的。故C正確。62.【答案】B細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)第三段3,4行ButwhenweareangrytheEEGoftherightandleftprefrontalareasaren'tbalanced可知當(dāng)我們生氣的時(shí)候，腦電圖在額葉前部會(huì)出現(xiàn)不均衡的現(xiàn)象。故B正確。63.【答案】A細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章第四段3,4,5行Theangrierweare.themorelikelywearetomovetowardstheobjectofouranger.Thiscorrespondstowhatpsychologistsrefertoasoffensiveanger:theangrypersonmovescloserinordertoinfluenceandcontrolthepersonorsituationcausinghisanger.可知當(dāng)我們生氣的時(shí)候，我們很可能湊近讓我們生氣的對(duì)象。這是典型的offensiveanger的表現(xiàn)。故A正確。64.【答案】D段落粗心題。依據(jù)本段1,2行Mostpositiveemotionsareassociatedwithapproachbehaviour及Mostnegativeemotions,incontrast,areassociatedwithavoidancebehaviour中的approachbehaviour和avoidancebehaviour可知本段表達(dá)的是生氣的時(shí)候，人們表現(xiàn)出的行為模式。故D正確。七、Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops〔筆錄本電腦〕.Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility〔清楚度〕.Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotes“mindlesslyby〞takingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.Inthefirstexperiment,studentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnote-takingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalk,theywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.Theresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhand.However,thetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.Theresearchers’reportsaid,“Whilemorenotesarcbeneficial,ifthenotesaretakenmindlessly,asismorelikelythecaseonalaptop,thebenefitdisappears.〞Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglong-termmemory,studentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecture.Thistime,thestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarcnotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.21.Moreandmorestudentsfavorlaptopsfornote-takingbecausetheycan.A.writemorenotesB.digestconceptsbetterC.gethigherscoresD.understandlecturesbetter22.Whiletakingnotes,laptopuserstendtobe.A.skillfulB.mindlessC.thoughtfulD.tireless23.Theauthorofthepassageaimsto__.A.examinetheimportanceoflong-termmemoryB.stressthebenefitoftakingnotesbyhandC.explaintheprocessoftakingnotesD.promotetheuseoflaptops24.Thepassageislikelytoappearin.A.anewspaperadvertisementB.acomputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.afinancereport【考點(diǎn)】觀察科普知識(shí)類閱讀【文章粗心】作者在本文中表達(dá)了一次實(shí)驗(yàn):使用筆錄本電腦記筆錄和手動(dòng)記筆錄的學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)記筆錄的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好，告訴我們需要進(jìn)行手動(dòng)記筆錄，而不是使用電腦。21.【答案】A【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章第二段第一句Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility〔清楚度〕.可知學(xué)生愈來(lái)愈多使用電腦記筆錄是由于速度和清楚度。也就是說(shuō)使用筆錄本電腦記筆錄速度更快，可以記錄更多的內(nèi)容。故A正確。22.【答案】B【試題分析】推理題。依據(jù)第三段Researchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotes“mindlessly〞bytakingdownwordforwordwhattheprofessorssaid.研究人們做實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)使用筆錄本電腦記筆錄能否會(huì)讓人處于一種沒(méi)心識(shí)的狀態(tài)之中，但是機(jī)械地輸入。而實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說(shuō)明用筆錄本記錄的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)不如使用鋼筆錄錄的人。說(shuō)明使用筆錄本記錄的確會(huì)讓人有mindless的感覺(jué)。故B正確。23.【答案】B【試題分析】推理題。依據(jù)文章最后一段Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarcnotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.可知手動(dòng)記筆錄關(guān)于短期長(zhǎng)久記憶都有利處，也就說(shuō)本文重申我們需要進(jìn)行手動(dòng)記筆錄，而不是使用電腦。故B正確。24.【答案】C【試題分析】推理題。本文經(jīng)過(guò)表達(dá)一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論告訴我們手動(dòng)記筆錄關(guān)于短期長(zhǎng)久記憶都有好處，學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)比使用電腦記筆錄更好。不會(huì)是廣告，電腦教科書(shū)也不會(huì)是金融報(bào)告，這屬于教學(xué)類的科學(xué)研究。故C正確。【長(zhǎng)難句分析】1.Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops。【翻譯】一項(xiàng)新的研究顯示上課時(shí)手動(dòng)寫(xiě)筆錄的學(xué)生在考試中要比使用筆錄本電腦的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)更好?！痉治觥勘揪渲袆?dòng)詞show后邊賓語(yǔ)從句的指引詞that被省略了，這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中含有定語(yǔ)從句whowritenotesbyhandduringlectures修飾students；其余一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句whouselaptops修飾those。2.Thesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.【翻譯】這兩個(gè)使用都說(shuō)明手動(dòng)寫(xiě)筆錄不只關(guān)于即時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和理解有利處，并且會(huì)致使將來(lái)的表現(xiàn)更好?！痉治觥勘揪渲械膭?dòng)詞suggest表示“說(shuō)明，表示〞，其實(shí)不是“建議〞；其余句中的賓語(yǔ)從句thathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstanding,butthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuture.較長(zhǎng)，謂語(yǔ)局部是有notonly?butalso連結(jié)?。八、Woulditsurpriseyoutolearnthat,likeanimals,treescommunicatewitheachotherandpassontheirwealthtothenextgeneration?UBCProfessorSimardexplainshowtreesaremuchmorecomplexthanmostofuseverimagined.AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarccompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:treessurvivethroughtheirco-operationandsupport,passingaroundnecessarynutrition“dependingonwhoneedsit〞.Nitrogen〔氮〕andcarbonaresharedthroughmilesofundergroundfungi〔真菌〕networks,makingsurethatalltreesintheforestecologicalsystemgiveandreceivejusttherightamounttokeepthemallhealthy.Thishiddensystemworksinaverysimilarwaytothenetworksofneurons〔神經(jīng)元〕inourbrains,andwhenonetreeisdestroyed,itaffectsall.Simardtalksabout“mothertrees〞,usuallythelargestandoldestplantsonwhichallothertreesdepend.Sheexplainshowdyingtreespassonthewealthtothenextgeneration,transportingimportantmineralstoyoungtreessotheymaycontinuetogrow.Whenhumanscutdown“mothertrees〞withnoawarenessofthesehighlycomplex“treesocieties〞orthenetworksonwhichtheyfeewearereducingthechancesofsurvivalfortheentireforest.“Wedidn’ttakeanynoticeoitf.〞Simardsayssadly.“Dyingtreesmovenutritionintotheyoungtreesbeforedying,butwenevergivethemchance.〞Ifwecouldputacrossthemessagetotheforestryindustry,wecouldmakeahugedifferencetowardsourenvironmentalprotectioneffortsforthefuture.29.Theunderlinedsentence“theoppositeistrue〞inParagraph2probablymeansthattrees_________.forsurvivaltheirownwealthC.dependoneachotherrovidesupportfordyingtrees30.“Mothertrees〞areextremelyimportantbecausethey.A.lookthelargestinsizeintheforestonnutritiontoyoungtreesC.seemmorelikelytobecutdownbyhumansD.knowmoreaboutthecomplex“treesocieties〞31.Theunderlinedword“it〞inthelastparagraphrefersto.A.how“treesocieties〞workB.howtreesgrowoldC.howforestryindustrydevelopsD.howyoungtreessurvive32.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?TreesCommunicateLikeHumansTreesAreInNeedOfProtectionC.TreesAreMoreAwesomeThartYouThinkContributeToOurSociety【考點(diǎn)】觀察科普知識(shí)類閱讀【文章粗心】本文主要表達(dá)了森立的樹(shù)木會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)“treesocieties把〞自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)交給下一代。并詳細(xì)說(shuō)了然這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。29.【答案】C【試題分析】推理題。依據(jù)本句AlthoughCharlesDarwinthoughtthattreesarccompetingforsurvivalofthefittest,Simardshowsjusthowwronghewas.Infact,theoppositeistrue:可知達(dá)爾文以為樹(shù)是