考研考博-英語-華北科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-華北科技學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

ThesinglebusinessofHenryThoreau,duringforty-oddyearsofeageractivitywastodiscoveraneconomycalculatedtoprovideasatisfyinglife.Hisoneconcern,whichgavetohisramblingsinConcordfieldsavalueofhighadventure,wastoexplorethetruemeaningofwealth.Asheunderstoodtheproblemofeconomics,therewerethreepossiblesolutionsopentohim:toexploithimself,toexploithisfellows,ortoreducetheproblemtoitslowestdenominator.Thefirstwasquiteimpossible—toimprisononeselfinatreadmillwhenthemorningcalledtogreatadventure.Toexploitone’sfellowsseemedtoThoreau’ssensitivesocialconscienceanevengreaterinfidelity.Freedomwithabstinenceseemedtohimbetterthanserfdomwithmaterialwell-being,andhewascontenttomovetoWaldenPondandtosetaboutthehighbusinessofliving,toconfrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandtoseewhatithadtoteach.Hedidnotadvocatethatothermenshouldbuildcabinsandliveisolated.Hehadnowishtodogmatizeconcerningthebestmodeofliving—eachmustsettlethatforhimself.Butthatasatisfyinglifeshouldbelived,hewasvitallyconcerned.Thestoryofhisemancipationfromthelowereconomicsistheoneromanceofhislife,andWaldenishisgreatbook.ItisabookinpraiseofliferatherthanofNature,arecordofcalculatingeconomicsthatstudiedsavinginordertospendmorelargely.Butitisabookofsocialcriticismaswell,inspiteofitsexplicitdenialofsuchapurpose.Inconsideringthetruenatureofeconomyheconcluded,withRuskin,thatthecostofathingistheamountoflifethatisrequiredinexchangeforit,immediatelyorinthelongrun.InWaldenThoreauelaboratedthetext:Theonlywealthislife.

1.ThoreaustartedanexperimentatWaldenPondwiththehopeof（

）.

2.ToThoreauthebestsolutiontotheproblemofeconomicsis（

）.

3.Thoreauholdsthatthecrucialthingforpeopletodoisto（

）.

4.InthebookWaldenallofthefollowingcanbefoundexcept（

）.

5.Thoreau’sattitudetowardsocietycanbestbecharacterizedasoneof（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.learninghowtolivequietly

B.writingabookonphilosophy

C.discoveringwhathumanscanlearnfromnature

D.workingoutthebestadjustmenttomateriallife.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.toliveaverysimplelife

B.tobecomeself-sufficient

C.toliveinthecountry

D.toreformthesociety

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.haveabetterunderstandingofwhatlifemeans

B.liveharmoniouslywithnature

C.tosaveasmuchasonepossiblycan

D.tolivealifethatoneiscontentwith

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thenatureofeconomy

B.themeaningoffreedom

C.thecriticismofsociety

D.Ruskin’sphilosophy

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.acceptance

B.avoidance

C.indifference

D.individualism

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“WaldenPond”定位到文中“...hewascontenttomovetoWaldenPondandtosetaboutthehighbusinessofliving,toconfrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandtoseewhatithadtoteach.”他滿足于搬到瓦爾登湖，開始生活的崇高事業(yè)，直面生活的基本事實(shí)，看看生活能教給他什么。也就是去發(fā)現(xiàn)人類可以從大自然中學(xué)到什么。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息“theproblemofeconomics”定位到文中“Asheunderstoodtheproblemofeconomics,therewerethreepossiblesolutionsopentohim:toexploithimself,toexploithisfellows,ortoreducetheproblemtoitslowestdenominator.”隨著他對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)問題的理解，有三種可能的解決方案擺在他面前：利用自己，利用同伴，或者讓問題回歸到最本質(zhì)的狀態(tài)。接下來闡述了前面兩種可能都是不可行的；然后解釋了“讓問題回歸到最本質(zhì)的狀態(tài)”其實(shí)就是過簡單快樂的生活，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文“Hedidnotadvocatethatothermenshouldbuildcabinsandliveisolated.Hehadnowishtodogmatizeconcerningthebestmodeofliving—eachmustsettlethatforhimself.Butthatasatisfyinglifeshouldbelived,hewasvitallyconcerned.”他不主張其他人應(yīng)該建造小木屋，過與世隔絕的生活。他不想武斷地認(rèn)為什么是最好的生活方式——每個(gè)人都必須自己解決這個(gè)問題。但他非常關(guān)心的是，我們應(yīng)該要過一種令人滿意的生活。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后幾句話可知：“Butitisabookofsocialcriticismaswell,...”涉及選項(xiàng)C；“Inconsideringthetruenatureofeconomyheconcluded,withRuskin,that...”涉及選項(xiàng)A和D；只有選項(xiàng)B沒有涉及，所以本題選B。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知，Thoreau滿足于搬到瓦爾登湖，過上簡單卻滿足的生活，實(shí)際上是想逃離現(xiàn)在的社會(huì)，說明他對(duì)社會(huì)是持逃避的態(tài)度，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。選項(xiàng)D含有貶義，所以選項(xiàng)B更恰當(dāng)。

2.單選題

Fungi,ofwhichthereareover100,000species,includingyeastsandothersingle-celledorganismsaswellasthecommonmoldsandmushrooms,wereformerlyclassifiedasmembersoftheplantkingdom.However,inrealitytheyareverydifferentfromplantsandtodaytheyareplacedinaseparategroupaltogether.Theprincipalreasonforthisisthatnoneofthempossesseschlorophyll,andsincetheycannotsynthesizetheirowncarbohydrates.Theyobtaintheirsupplieseitherfromthebreakdownofdeadorganicmatterorfromotherlivingorganisms.Furthermorethewallsoffungalcellsarenotmadeofcellulose,asthoseofplantsare,butofanothercomplexsugar-likepolymercalledchitinthematerialfromwhichthehardouterskeletonsofshrimps,spiders,andinsectsaremade.Thedifferencebetweenthechemicalcompositionofthecellwallsoffungiandthoseofplantsisofenormousimportancebecauseitenablesthetipsofthegrowinghyphae,thethreadlikecellsofthefungus,tosecreteenzymesthatbreakdownthewallsofplantcellswithouthavinganyeffectonthoseofthefungusitself.Itisthesecellulose-destroyingenzymesthatenablefungitoattackanythingmadefromwood,woodpulp,cotton,flax,orotherplantmaterial.

Thedestructivepoweroffungiisimpressive.Theyaremajorcauseofstructuredamagetobuildingtimbers,acauseofdiseaseinanimalsandhumans,andoneofthegreatestcausesofagriculturallosses.Entirecropscanbewipedoutbyfungalattacksbothbeforeandafterharvesting.Somefungicangrowat+50℃,whileotherscangrowat-50℃,soevenfoodincoldstoragemaynotbecompletelysafefromthem.Ontheotherhand,fungibringaboutthedecompositionofdeadorganicmatter,thisenrichingthesoilandreturningcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere,TheyalsoenterintoanumberofmutuallybeneficialrelationshipswithplantsandotherorganismsInaddition,lungarethesourceofmarryofthemostpotentantibioticsusedinclinicalmedicine,includingpenicillin.

1.Whatdoesparagraphonemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasamajorchangeinhowscientistsapproachthestudyoffungi?

3.Theskeletonsofshrimps,spidersandinsectsarementionedinparagraphonebecausethey（）

.

4.FungihaveallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT（）

.

5.Thepassagementions"penicillin"(lastline)asanexampleof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differencesbetweensimpleandcomplexfungi.

B.functionsofchlorophyllinplants.

C.functionsofsugarinthewallsoffungalcells.

D.differencesbetweenfungiandplants.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fungiarenolongerclassifiedasplants.

B.Somesingle-celledorganismsarenolongerclassifiedasfungi.

C.Newmethodsofspeciesidentificationhavebeenintroduced.

D.Theoriesaboutthechemicalcompositionoffungihavebeenrevised.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.canbedestroyedbyfungi

B.haveunusualchemicalcompositions

C.containamaterialfoundinthewallsoffungalcells

D.secretethesameenzymesasthewallsoffungalcellsdo

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theygrowhyphae

B.Theysecreteenzymes

C.Theysynthesizecellulose

D.Theydestroycrops

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.amedicinederivedfromplants

B.abeneficialuseoffungi

C.aproductoftherelationshipbetweenplantsandfungi

D.atypeoffungithatgrowsatextremetemperatures

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:通讀第一段可知，本段主要是講真菌和植物的區(qū)別。

第2題:根據(jù)第一段的一、二句可知，真菌以前被列入植物類，但事實(shí)上它們與植物完全不同，因?yàn)樗鼈儧]有葉綠素。所以這是真菌在科學(xué)家們研究的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的最重要的變化。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

第3題:根據(jù)第一段“Furthermorethewallsof...andinsectsaremade.”此外，真菌細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞壁不像植物那樣是由纖維素構(gòu)成的，而是由另一種復(fù)雜的糖狀聚合物幾丁質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。這種聚合物被稱為幾丁質(zhì)，是蝦、蜘蛛和昆蟲堅(jiān)硬外殼的材料。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第4題:根據(jù)第一段后半部分“becauseitenablesthetipsofthegrowinghyphae,thethreadlikecellsofthefungus,tosecreteenzymes...”以及“Entirecropscanbewipedoutbyfungalattacksbothbeforeandafterharvesting,”可知，選項(xiàng)A，B，D都是真菌的特點(diǎn)，根據(jù)“thewallsoffungalcellsarenotmadeofcellulose”可知真菌無法合成纖維素。所以本題選C。

第5題:根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，前半部分是講真菌的壞處，后半部分則是講真菌的有益之處，penicillin是作為一個(gè)例子來闡明其益處，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

3.單選題

ThesenatorofNewYorkcourtedblackvoters,consideredcrucialto_______theDemocraticpresidentialnomination,inaseriesofcampaignstops.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confining

B.securing

C.tampering

D.pervading

【答案】B

【解析】confine限制;secure保護(hù),固定;tamper干預(yù),削弱;pervade遍及。句意：這位來自紐約的參議員在一系列競選活動(dòng)中設(shè)法爭取黑人選民的支持,黑人選民被認(rèn)為是確保民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人提名的關(guān)鍵。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

4.單選題

Itis______thatwomenshouldbepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamekindofwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.abrupt

B.absurd

C.adverse

D.addictive

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.abrupt突然的，意外的B.absurd荒謬的，荒唐的

C.adverse不利的，有害的D.addictive使人上癮的

【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)主語從句的內(nèi)容“女人做同樣的工作卻得到比男人少的報(bào)酬”可知，做同樣的工作，女人的報(bào)酬比男人的少，這是荒謬的，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】女人做同樣的工作卻得到比男人少的報(bào)酬，這是荒謬的。

5.單選題

Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.competitive

C.considerate

D.superficial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。sophisticated“久經(jīng)世故的；復(fù)雜的”；competitive“有競爭力的”；considerate“體貼的”；superficial“膚淺的”。句意：因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)好的大學(xué)文憑就能找到一個(gè)更好的工作，所以教育是日本生活中最具有競爭力的領(lǐng)域之一。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

6.單選題

Distrustingwomen,heremaineda（

）allhislife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.marshal

B.bandit

C.bachelor

D.burglar

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。marshal意為“元帥”；bandit意為“土匪，強(qiáng)盜”；bachelor意為“未婚男子，單身漢，學(xué)士”；burglar意為“竊賊”。

句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一輩子單身漢。

7.單選題

Theworkerinventeda(n)（）forcatchingflies.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.equipment

B.tool

C.device

D.apparatus

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)equipment“設(shè)備，器材”，多指重型設(shè)備，如體育器材；B選項(xiàng)tool“工具”，一般指手工工具；C選項(xiàng)device“裝置”，多指為某一特殊用途而設(shè)計(jì)的精巧儀器；D選項(xiàng)apparatus“儀器”，一般指由多種零件組成的復(fù)雜儀器。句意：工人發(fā)明了一種工具來捕捉蒼蠅。捕捉蒼蠅不需要精密的或重型的設(shè)備，所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

8.單選題

ThoughIhadtriedtoexplainitasclearlyaspossible,myexpectationseemednotto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.getdown

B.getacross

C.getalong

D.getup

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。getdown“吞下，使沮喪”;getacross“通過；使…被理解”；getalong“與……和睦相處”；getup“起床”。根據(jù)though這個(gè)詞可知前后有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，前半句提到“我盡可能的將問題解釋清楚”，所以后半句的意思與之形成對(duì)比，因此選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

（

）wecontinuetoworkhard,wecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Assoonas

B.Asfaras

C.Solongas

D.Sofaras

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。assoonas一…就；asfaras至于；sofaras到目前為止；solongas“只要”，句意：我們只要繼續(xù)努力工作，就能在計(jì)劃之前完成工作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

10.單選題

Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomy,butinactualfactheisquiteignorantonthesubject.（

）heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whatlittle

B.Somuch

C.Howmuch

D.Solittle

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他聲稱自己在天文學(xué)方面是一個(gè)專家，但是實(shí)際上他在這方面相當(dāng)無知。他所知道的都是過時(shí)和不準(zhǔn)確的。

語法題?？疾槊~性從句。heknowsaboutit為后面句子的主語部分，因此本句為名詞性從句作主語，且句子中缺少成分，故應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)，再根據(jù)句意可知他對(duì)天文學(xué)是無知的，因此應(yīng)選little表示否定的意義，故應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。

11.單選題

TheexhibitionattheShanghaiScienceandTechnologyCenter（

）suchendangeredanimalsasthegiantpandaandtheSiberiantigeranddescribestheworkbeingdonetoprotectthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.detects

B.exploits

C.features

D.survive

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。detect察覺，發(fā)現(xiàn)；exploit利用，開發(fā)；feature以...為特色；survive幸存，生還。句意：在上?？萍贾行呐e辦的展覽以大熊貓和東北虎等瀕危動(dòng)物為特色，并且描述了保護(hù)它們所做的工作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Lateron,inthebarourEuropeanacquaintancecommentedthatwewereindeedconsiderablybetteroffthanthelocalpeoplethoughperhapsnotthreetimesaswelloff,whichiswhatthedifferenceinroompricessuggested.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Lateron

B.considerablybetteroff

C.notthreetimesaswell

D.differenceinroompricessuggested.

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。Suggested改為Suggests。Whichiswhatthedifferenceinroompricessuggested,這是一個(gè)定語從句,其中又有一個(gè)表語從句。定語從句中的系動(dòng)詞is是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因此表語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該為現(xiàn)在時(shí),即suggests。

13.單選題

A（）planneedstobeconsideredandacceptedsoastolowerthepricesinthesecities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberate

B.disincentive

C.functional

D.fantastic

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。deliberate深思熟慮的，預(yù)有準(zhǔn)備的；disincentive妨礙活動(dòng)的；functional功能的；fantastic幻想的，奇異的?？崭癫糠謶?yīng)與consideredandaccepted邏輯上對(duì)應(yīng)。deliberate符合句意和邏輯。

14.翻譯題

侵略行為似乎與許多生物結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)物質(zhì)有關(guān)，如大腦中的下丘腦(hypothalamus)。很多動(dòng)物在受到特定刺激時(shí)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出本能的侵略反應(yīng)。下丘腦似乎與動(dòng)物的這種本能反應(yīng)有關(guān)：對(duì)許多動(dòng)物的下丘腦中部分區(qū)域進(jìn)行電激，會(huì)引發(fā)這一些它們的常見侵略行為。然而，人類的大腦要復(fù)雜的多，大腦的其他結(jié)構(gòu)似乎可以抑制這種本性。社會(huì)生物學(xué)是生物學(xué)方法的一個(gè)分支，該理論認(rèn)為侵略性對(duì)于人類而言是天生并且必要的。社會(huì)生物學(xué)認(rèn)為，包括侵略行為在內(nèi)的許多社會(huì)行為都是由遺傳決定的。根據(jù)達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論，他認(rèn)為，個(gè)體存在的數(shù)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過那些可以找到食物并且活到成年的個(gè)體數(shù)量。個(gè)體之間開始進(jìn)行生存競爭，那些擁有競爭優(yōu)勢的個(gè)體更容易存活，并且會(huì)將它們有利于生存競爭的基因遺傳給下一代。大部分物種所具有的競爭優(yōu)勢特質(zhì)之一就是好斗性。擁有侵略特質(zhì)的個(gè)體更容易存活和繁殖，因此，與侵略行為相關(guān)的各種基因遺傳給下一代的可能性更大。該理論在眾多方面遭到質(zhì)疑，其一，人類擁有其他物種不具備的能力，這種并非侵略性質(zhì)的能力才是人類生存下來的主要原因。其二，人類身上存在太多的變數(shù)，因此，我們無法相信人類會(huì)被侵略沖動(dòng)主導(dǎo)或者支配。

【答案】Numerousbiologicalstructuresandchemicalsappeartobeinvolvedinaggression.Oneisthehypothalamus,aregionofthebrain.Inresponsetocertainstimuli,manyanimalsshowinstinctiveaggressivereactions.Thehypothalamusappearstobeinvolvedinthisinbornreactionpattern:electricalstimulationofpartofthehypothalamustriggersstereotypicalaggressivebehaviorsinmanyanimals.Inpeople,however,whosebrainsaremorecomplex,otherbrainstructuresapparentlymoderatepossibleinstincts.Anoffshootofthebiologicalapproachcalledsociobiologysuggeststhataggressionisnaturalandevendesirableforpeople.Sociobiologyviewsmuchsocialbehavior,includingaggressivebehavior,asgeneticallydetermined.ConsiderDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Darwinheldthatmanymoreindividualsareproducedthanthosecanfindfoodandsurviveintoadulthood.Astruggleforsurvivalfollows.Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.Inmanyspecies,suchcharacteristicsincludeaggressiveness.Becauseaggressiveindividualsaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whatevergenesarelinkedtoaggressivebehavioraremorelikelytobetransmittedtosubsequentgenerations.：Thesociobiologyviewhasbeenattackedonnumerousgrounds.Oneisthatpeople'scapacitytooutwitotherspecies,nottheiraggressiveness,appearstobethedominantfactorinhumansurvival.Anotheristhatthereistoomuchvariationamongpeopletobelievethattheyaredominatedby,oratthemercyof,aggressiveimpulses.

15.單選題

Joanisinthedorm,puttingthefinal_____toherspeech.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.details

B.remarks

C.comments

D.touches

【答案】D

【解析】detail細(xì)節(jié),詳情；remark注意，言辭；comment評(píng)論，意見；touch接觸，格調(diào)，少許。句意：喬安娜在宿舍里為她的演講做最后潤色。touch可以表示smalldetail（細(xì)節(jié)中）微小之處，符合句意。

16.單選題

EvenasachildIwasnotagreatfanofcartoon,butmydaughterwatchesthemwhenevershecan,withnoapparentilleffectsonherattitudeorherperformanceatschool.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Evenasachild

B.fanofcartoon

C.themwhenevershecan

D.apparentilleffectsonher

E.沒有問題

【答案】C

【解析】代詞誤用。them改成it,此處的代詞指代前面的cartoon,因?yàn)槭菃螖?shù)名詞，故需要用it。

17.單選題

Theuseofsoundiswidespreadas（

）ofanimalcommunicateon.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ameans

B.ways

C.atool

D.signals

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。ameans方法，手段；ways方法，道路，方向；atool工具；signal信號(hào)，標(biāo)志。句意：聲音被廣泛地用作動(dòng)物交流的手段。由is單數(shù)可直接排除B項(xiàng)與D項(xiàng)；聲音應(yīng)該是動(dòng)物交流的一種手段而不是工具。答案A

18.單選題

Thiswillallowourcitizenstobuildconnectionswithpeoplesoverseasandtodevelopskillsandcontactsthatwillhelpthem（）intheglobaleconomy.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.survive

B.strive

C.thrive

D.stride

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)survive“生存”，B項(xiàng)strive“努力、奮斗”，C項(xiàng)thrive“繁榮”，D項(xiàng)stride“跨過”；句意：這將使我們的公民與海外人民建立聯(lián)系，發(fā)展技能和增加接觸，幫助他們?cè)谌蚪?jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中生存。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Therewasnotrafficvisible,butTangoholduphisrightarmmajestically,asthoughhe______acrowdofroaringtrucks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ishalting

B.hadhalted

C.wouldbehalting

D.werehalting

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。asthough在這里引導(dǎo)了后面的虛擬語氣，表示“仿佛”；此處是對(duì)過去的虛擬，因此從句用過去時(shí)態(tài)，又因?yàn)檎Z境需要，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，A、B、C選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)均不對(duì)，只有D項(xiàng)符合。句意：路上看不到車輛，但探戈莊嚴(yán)地舉起右臂，好像他在阻止一群呼嘯的卡車。故正確答案為D。

20.單選題

SegregationmadeitdifficultforblackAmericanstobecome（

）intothelargermiddleclasscultureanditsvalues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.anticipated

B.indulged

C.transmitted

D.assimilated

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組的固定搭配。assimilatedinto“融入……”。句意：種族隔離使得美國黑人難以融入到主流的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化和價(jià)值觀中。

21.單選題

Theforemanreadthe（

）ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prejudice

B.verification

C.verdict

D.punishment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prejudice“偏見，成見”；B選項(xiàng)verification“檢驗(yàn)，檢查，審核”；C選項(xiàng)verdict“（陪審團(tuán)的）裁定，裁決，（經(jīng)過檢驗(yàn)或認(rèn)真考慮后的）決定，結(jié)論”；D選項(xiàng)punishment“刑罰，懲罰”。由句中的guilty（有罪的）和defendant（被告）可知選C。句意：陪審團(tuán)主席宣讀了14遍有罪判決書，每個(gè)被告一份。

22.單選題

It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.stopped

B.hadtostop

C.shallstop

D.stop

【答案】A

【解析】句意:是我們停止砍伐熱帶雨林的吋候了。

語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.為固定句式,表示“是吋候某人該做某事了”,故排除C，D。B項(xiàng)為“必須,不得不”的過去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潛在的含義有“必須”的意思,故排除。因此答案選A。

23.單選題

Anoisyaggressivecousinofthecrow,themagpiehasthosebird’sthievishhabits.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Anoisy

B.aggressive

C.those

D.habits

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)題意，如果noisy和aggressive是并列的關(guān)系，共同修飾cousin，那么應(yīng)該用and來連接，所以noisy應(yīng)該用來修飾aggressive，改為noisily副詞形式，句意：喜鵲是烏鴉吵鬧好斗的近親，也有鳥那種偷偷摸摸的習(xí)性。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

24.單選題

Successfulpoliticiansaregoodatgiving______answerstoquestionsondifficultissues.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.definitive

B.ubiquitous

C.ambiguous

D.ineffable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)definitive“最后的；最佳的；最權(quán)威的”；B選項(xiàng)ubiquitous“普遍存在的；無所不在的”；C選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；D選項(xiàng)ineffable“不可言喻的；不應(yīng)說出的；難以形容的”。句意：成功的政治家善于對(duì)棘手問題給出______答案。政治家的重要職能便是處理爭端和分配利益，所以他們的回答不能太過絕對(duì)化，此處填“模棱兩可的”更符合句意，所以C選項(xiàng)正確。

25.單選題

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,underdeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.

Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupassavage,underdevelopedformsofspeech,consistinglargelyofgruntsandgroans.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisdepartment,however,twothingsaretobenoted:1.Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansioneitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.2.Theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromours,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”);somelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.

1.Theauthorsaysthatgrunt-and-groanformsofspeecharefound______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,languages,whethercivilizedornot,have______.

3.Theauthorsaysthatprofessionallinguistsrecognizethat______.

4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.nowheretoday

B.amongtheAustralianaborigines

C.amongEasterncultures

D.amongpeoplespeaking“backward”languages

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepotentialforexpandingvocabulary

B.theirownsoundpatterns

C.anabilitytotransferideas

D.grammaticalstructures

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.WesternlanguagesaresuperiortoEasternlanguages

B.alllanguagescomefromgruntsandgroans

C.thehierarchyoflanguagesisdifficulttounderstand

D.thereisnohierarchyoflanguages32.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thestudyoflanguageshasdiscreditedanthropologicalstudies.

B.Thestudyoflanguageshasreinforcedanthropologistsintheirviewthatthereisnohierarchyamongcultures.

C.Thestudyoflanguagesisthesameasthestudyofanthropologists.

D.Thestudyoflanguagescastsanewlightupontheclaimofanthropologists.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者說，咕噥和呻吟的語言形式可以在……中找到”。根據(jù)第三段中的第二句Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward”languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.（雖然語言一般來說可能是從一系列的咕噥和呻吟開始的，但對(duì)“落后”語言的研究確立了這一事實(shí)，那就是如今沒有哪種口語能與此描述相符）可知，咕噥和呻吟的語言形式在如今是找不到了，A項(xiàng)“在如今無處可尋”正確；B項(xiàng)“澳大利亞土著居民中”和C項(xiàng)“在東方文化中”文中都沒有提及；D項(xiàng)“在說‘落后’語言的人中”，文中提到對(duì)“落后”語言的研究確立了“如今沒有哪種口語能與此描述相符”這一事實(shí)，所以咕噥和呻吟的語言形式在說‘落后’語言的人中也不會(huì)找到。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者認(rèn)為，無論文明與否，語言都有……”。根據(jù)第三段中的Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsare,byourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex,delicate,andingeniouspiecesofmachineryforthetransferofideas.TheyfallbehindourWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers…Alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansioneitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.（以我們最嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看，未開化群體的大多數(shù)語言都是極其復(fù)雜、精巧和巧妙的傳遞思想的機(jī)器。它們落后于我們的西方語言，不是在這些通常足以滿足所有的語言需求的發(fā)音模式或語法結(jié)構(gòu)上，而是在它們的詞匯上，這些詞匯反映了說話者所知道的對(duì)象和活動(dòng)……所有的語言似乎都擁有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的機(jī)制，要么把現(xiàn)有的詞匯組合在一起，要么從其他語言中借用它們，并將它們適應(yīng)于自己的系統(tǒng)。）可知，無論文明與否，語言擁有擴(kuò)大詞匯量的機(jī)制，A項(xiàng)“擴(kuò)大詞匯量的潛力”符合題意；由此也可知，B項(xiàng)“它們自己的發(fā)音模式”和D項(xiàng)“語法結(jié)構(gòu)”不正確；C項(xiàng)“傳遞思想的能力”為干擾項(xiàng)，語言雖然是傳遞思想的一種方式，但是詞匯才是反映說話者所知道的對(duì)象和活動(dòng)，這是以詞匯為前提的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“作者說，專業(yè)語言學(xué)家認(rèn)識(shí)到……”。根據(jù)文章第二段Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguistthereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.（對(duì)于專業(yè)的人類學(xué)家來說，一種文化并不比另一種文化有內(nèi)在的優(yōu)越性，就像對(duì)于專業(yè)的語言學(xué)家來說，語言之間沒有內(nèi)在的等級(jí)制度一樣）可知，D項(xiàng)“沒有語言的等級(jí)制度”符合題意；由此也可知C項(xiàng)“語言的層次體系很難理解”是錯(cuò)誤的；A項(xiàng)“西方語言優(yōu)于東方語言”，文中沒有提到東方語言；B項(xiàng)“所有的語言都來自咕噥和呻吟”表述太絕對(duì)。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示了下列哪一項(xiàng)？”。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容Thisstudyoflanguage,inturn,castsanewlightupontheclaimoftheanthropologiststhatallculturesaretobeviewedindependently,andwithoutideasofrankorhierarchy.（對(duì)語言的研究反過來又為人類學(xué)家的這一主張?zhí)峁┝诵碌慕忉?，即所有的文化都可以?dú)立看待，沒有等級(jí)和等級(jí)觀念）可以推斷，關(guān)于人類學(xué)家主張的文化沒有等級(jí)觀念的這一觀點(diǎn)，語言的研究提供了新的解釋，所以B項(xiàng)“對(duì)語言的研究加強(qiáng)了人類學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，即文化之間不存在等級(jí)制度”是正確的；A項(xiàng)“語言研究敗壞了人類學(xué)研究的聲譽(yù)”和C項(xiàng)“研究語言就像研究人類學(xué)家一樣”不能從文中找出相關(guān)信息；D項(xiàng)“對(duì)語言的研究使人們對(duì)人類學(xué)家的主張有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)”是文中有的信息，并不需要從文章中推斷出來，所以不符合題意。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

26.單選題

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主謂一致。通過分析句子，可知句子缺少的是謂語動(dòng)詞，主語是thegrowth，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

27.單選題

Iwasbornin1927,theonlychildofmiddle-classparents.IwassenttoapublicschoolIwastedtwoyearsdoingmynationalservice,IwenttoOxford;andthereIbegantodiscoverIwasnotthepersonIwantedtobe.?

IhadlongbeforemadethediscoverythatIlackedtheparentsandancestorsIneeded.Myfatherwas,throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent,aseniorArmyofficer;andmymotherwastheverymodelofawould-bemajorgeneral'swife,Thatis,sheneverarguedwithhimandalwaysbehavedasifhewerelisteninginthenextroom,evenwhenhewasthousandsofmilesaway.

Likeallmennotreallyuptotheirjob,hewasasticklerforexternalsandpettyquotidianthings;andinlieuofanintellecthehadaccumulatedanarmoryofcapitalizedkey-wordslikeDisciplineandTraditionandResponsibility.IfIeverdared—Iseldomdid—toarguewithhim,hewouldproduceoneofthesetotemwordsandcoshmewithit,asnodoubtinsimilarcircumstanceshecoshedhissubordinates,onestillrefusedtoliedownanddie,helost,orloosed,histemper.Histemperwaslikeaviolentreddog,andhealwayshaditclosetohand.

Duringmylastyearsatschool,IrealizedthatwhatwasreallywrongwithmyparentswasthattheyhadnothingbutablanketcontemptforthesortoflifeIwantedtolead.Iwas"good"atEnglish,Ihadpoemsprintedpseudonymouslyintheschoolmagazine.IthoughtD.H.Lawrencethegreatesthumanbeingofthecentury.MyparentshadcertainlyneverreadLawrence,andhadprobablyneverheardofhim.Therewerethings,Icertainemotionalgentlenessinmymother,anoccasionaleuphoricjollinessinmyfather,Icouldhavebornemoreof;butalwaysIlikedinthemthethingstheydidn'twanttobelikedfor.BythetimeIwaseighteentheyhadbecomemereproviders,forwhomIhadtoexhibitatokengratitude,butforwhomIcouldn'tfeelmuchelse.

Iledtwolives.AtschoolIgotasmallreputationasawartimeaestheteandcynic.Buthadtojointheregiment-TraditionandSacrificepressgangedmeintothat,Iinsisted,andluckilytheheadmasterofmyschoolbackedme,thatIwantedtogotouniversityafterwards.Iwentonleadingadoublelifeinthearmy,queasilyplayingatbeingBrigadier“Blazer”Urfe’ssoninpublic,andnervouslyreading“PenguinNewWriting”andpoetrypamphletsinprivate.AssoonasIcould,Igotmyselfdemobilized.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thebasicconflictbetweentheauthorandhisparentsisconflictof（）

2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorusedmanyphrasessuchas“throughbeingtherightageattherighttimeratherthanthroughanygreatprofessionaltalent”justtoasserthisfather's（）

4.Bysaying“Icouldhavebornemoreof”(Para.4),theauthormeans（）

5.Thephrase“inlieuof”inParagraph3canbereplacedby（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotions

B.aesthetictheories

C.literary

D.values

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theauthor'smotherwasahumbleandsubmissivewoman

B.Theauthor'sfatherhadanexplosivetemper

C.Theauthor'smotheralwaysinsistedontrivialeverydaymatters

D.Theauthor'sfatheralwaysinsistedonsurfaceappearances

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.complacence

B.inadequacy

C.nostrum

D.indecorum

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Ishouldhavedesiredmoreof”

B.“Ioughttohavegotmoreof”

C.“Iwouldnothavemindedmoreof”

D.“Ishouldnothavetoleratemoreof”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.insteadof

B.without

C.forthesakeof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:文章第四段第一句Duringmylastyearsatschool,IrealizedthatwhatwasreallywrongwithmyparentswasthattheyhadnothingbutablanketcontemptforthesortoflifeIwantedtolead可知作者與父母的矛盾在于父母看不起作者想要的生活，所以可以