考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)翰林學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Revolutionsareoftencausedwhenthelegitimacyofagovernmentisquestionedbythepeople.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.validity

B.effectiveness

C.bureaucracy

D.prejudice

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)政府的……受到人民的質(zhì)疑時(shí)，革命事件就會(huì)爆發(fā)。validity“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy“官僚主義"；prejudice“偏見”。根據(jù)“ofagovernment”可以推測出劃線單詞的意思是“合法性”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.翻譯題

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.

TheAmericandefinitionofsuccessislargelyoneofacquiringwealthandahighmaterialstandardofliving.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatAmericansvalueeducationforitsmonetaryvalue.ThebeliefiswidespreadintheUnitedStatesthatthemoreschoolingpeoplehave,themoremoneytheywillearnwhentheyleaveschool.

（1）Thebeliefisstrongestregardingthedesirabilityofanundergraduateuniversitydegree,oraprofessionaldegree,suchasmedicineorlaw,followingtheundergraduatedegree.Themonetaryvalueofgraduatedegreesin"nonprofessional"fieldssuchasart,history,orphilosophyisnotasgreat.

InrecentyearstherehasbeenachangeinthejobmarketintheUnitedStates.（2）

Inthepast,itwaspossibletogetahigh-payingfactoryjobwithoutacollegeeducation;workerswithskillslearnedinvocationalschoolsoronthejobcoulddoworkthatdidnotrequireacollegeeducation.Thesewereamongthejobsthatnewimmigrantswereoftenabletoobtain.Increasingly,however,theadventofnewtechnologieshasmeantthatmoreandmoreeducationisrequiredtodothework.（3）

ManyofthenewjobsintheUnitedStateseitherrequireacollegeeducation,evenagraduatedegreeortheyarelow-payingjobsintheservicesectoroftheeconomy_—suchasinfast-foodrestaurants,smallstores,andhotels.Additionally，manyjobsarebeingoutsourcedtocountrieswheresalariesaremuchlower.（4）

Thisistrueofbothhigher-payingtechnicaljobsandlower-payingjobsrequiringlimitedskills.Becauseoftheimportanceofhighereducation,manyadultscombineworkingwithtakingclassesatacollege.Manypublicandprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremakingiteasierforstudentstotakeclassesthroughdistancelearning,usingtheInternettoprovidematerialsandlecturesaswellastoengagestudentsindiscussion.（5）

Somestudentswhoarelivingoncampusorcommutingtoclassestakeatleastpartoftheircourseworkbydistance,butitisalsopossibleforastudenttoobtainbothundergraduateandgraduatedegreeswithouteverbeingonacollegecampus.

【答案】1.有一種觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為大學(xué)本科學(xué)位或繼大學(xué)本科學(xué)位之后的專業(yè)學(xué)位（諸如醫(yī)學(xué)和法律）是值得向往的。

2.在過去，沒有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的情況下得到一份高薪的工廠工作是可能的；從職業(yè)學(xué)校或工作上學(xué)得技巧的工人們可以做不需要大學(xué)學(xué)歷的工作。

3.在美國很多新工作要么要求大專學(xué)歷甚至研究生學(xué)歷，要么它們是經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)業(yè)里（諸如快餐店，小商店和旅館）的底薪工作。

4.較高薪酬的技術(shù)工作和需要有限技能的較低薪資的工作都的確如此。

5.住?；蛲ㄇ趤砩险n的一些學(xué)生通過遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)來完成至少部分課程，不過一個(gè)學(xué)生在從不在大學(xué)校園的情況下也可能獲得本科學(xué)位和研究生學(xué)位。

3.單選題

Howcanthetrainoperatorspossiblyjustifyyetanotherincreasetorailpassengerfares?Ithasbecomeagrimlyreliableannualritual:everyJanuarythecostoftravellingbytrainrises,imposingasignificantextraburdenonthosewhohavenooptionbuttousetherailnetworktogettoworkorotherwise.Thisyear'srise,anaverageof2.7percent,maybeafractionlowerthanlastyear's,butitisstillwellabovetheofficialConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)measureofinflation.

Successivegovernmentshavepermittedsuchincreasesonthegroundsthatthecostofinvestinginandrunningtherailnetworkshouldbebornebythosewhouseit,ratherthanthegeneraltaxpayer.Why,theargumentgoes,shouldacar-drivingpensionerfromLincolnshirehavetosubsidizethedailycommuteofastockbrokerfromSurrey?Equally,thereisasensethatthetravailsofcommutersintheSouthEast,manyofwhomwillfaceamongthebiggestrises,havereceivedtoomuchattentioncomparedtothosewhomustenduretherelativelypoorinfrastructureoftheMidlandsandtheNorth.

However,overthepast12months,thosecommutershavealsoexperiencedsomeoftheworstrailstrikesinyears.Itisallverywelltrainoperatorstrumpetingtheimprovementstheyaremakingtothenetwork,butpassengersshouldbeabletoexpectabasiclevelofserviceforthesubstantialsumstheyarenowpayingtotravel.Theresponsibilityforthelatestwaveofstrikesrestsontheunions.However,thereisastrongcasethatthosewhohavebeenworstaffectedbyindustrialactionshouldreceivecompensationforthedisruptiontheyhavesuffered.

TheGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroduceaminimumservicerequirementsothat,evenwhenstrikesoccur,servicescancontinuetooperate.Thisshouldformpartofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-runningproblemsonBritain'srailways.Yes,moreinvestmentisneeded,butpassengerswillnotbewillingtopaymoreindefinitelyiftheymustalsoendurecramped,unreliableservices,punctuatedbyregularchaoswhentimetablesarechanged,orplannedmaintenanceismanagedincompetently.Thethreatofnationalizationmayhavebeenseenofffornow,butitwillreturnwithavengeanceifthejustifiedangerofpassengersisnotaddressedinshortorder.

1.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrailpassengersfares（

）.

2.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandfor（

）.

3.ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators（

）.

4.Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhavetoface（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willeasetrainoperation'sburden

B.haskeptpacewithinflation

C.isabigsurprisetocommuters

D.remainsanunreasonablemeasure

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.cardrivers

B.railtravelers

C.localinvestors

D.ordinarytaxpayers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.areofferingcompensationstocommuters

B.aretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

C.havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice

D.havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thelossofinvestment

B.thecollapseofoperations

C.areductionofrevenue

D.achangeofownership

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

B.ConstantComplainingDoesn'tWork

C.CanNationalizationBringHope?

D.Ever-risingFaresAren'tSustainable

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

4.單選題

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelin9years.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“飆升，驟然上升”；B選項(xiàng)“突變，變成”；C選項(xiàng)“驟降，暴跌”；D選項(xiàng)“上下波動(dòng)”，句意：根據(jù)最新的報(bào)告，上個(gè)月消費(fèi)者信心指數(shù)（）驚人的15點(diǎn)，達(dá)到了9年來的最低水平。既然說了是最低水平，那么句意應(yīng)該是“下降了驚人的15個(gè)點(diǎn)”，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

DuringtheWorldWarII,theshabbylittlebarsuccessfullyharboredmanyJewswhowouldotherwisehavebeenslaughteredbyHitler.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shivered

B.shoveled

C.sheltered

D.shuttled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。harbor“庇護(hù)；懷有”；A選項(xiàng)shiver“顫抖；打碎”；B選項(xiàng)shovel“鏟除；用鏟挖”；C選項(xiàng)shelter“保護(hù)；使掩蔽；庇護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)shuttle“使穿梭般來回移動(dòng)；短程穿梭般運(yùn)送”。句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，這家破舊的小酒吧成功地收留了許多猶太人，否則他們可能會(huì)被希特勒屠殺。文中提到“slaughteredbyHitler被希特勒屠殺”，可推知harbored在這里有“庇護(hù)”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Thisproductis（）tochangewithoutnotice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.despite

B.evil

C.subject

D.crust

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。besubjectto“受支配，從屬于；常遭受……；有……傾向的”。A選項(xiàng)despite的常用搭配有indespiteof/despiteof不管，不顧；B選項(xiàng)evil的常用搭配有speakevilof說壞話；誹謗/doevil作惡；為非作歹；干壞事；造孽；D選項(xiàng)crust“地殼，地表，堅(jiān)硬外殼”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本產(chǎn)品（）更換，恕不另行通知。根據(jù)句意可知C選項(xiàng)更符合句意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

ThemyththatUnitedStatesisnotopentoconcernsfromoutsidehasbeen______atastroke.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.demolished

B.precluded

C.kindled

D.hampered

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)demolish“拆除，破壞，推翻，駁倒”，B項(xiàng)preclude“排除，妨礙，阻止”，C項(xiàng)kindle“點(diǎn)燃，著火，激起，照亮”，D項(xiàng)hamper“妨礙，束縛，使困累”。由myth“神話”和atastroke“一下子”可知，“推翻”符合語境。句意：美國不會(huì)對外開放的神話一下子就被推翻了。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Modernmanufacturinghas（）aglobalriverofmaterialsintoastunningarrayofnewproducts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.translated

B.transformed

C.transferred

D.transported

【答案】B

【解析】句意:現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)已經(jīng)將全球材料轉(zhuǎn)變成驚人的一系列新產(chǎn)品。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。translate翻譯，（使）轉(zhuǎn)化成……；transform把……轉(zhuǎn)變成……；transfer（使）轉(zhuǎn)移；transport運(yùn)輸。而且空格處動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與into搭配。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意跟搭配。

9.單選題

Eatingtoomuchfatcan______heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.contributeto

B.attributeto

C.attendto

D.devoteto

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”；B選項(xiàng)attributeto“把……歸因于”；C選項(xiàng)attendto“處理；照料”；D選項(xiàng)devoteto“獻(xiàn)身于；作……專用”。句意：攝入太多脂肪會(huì)______心臟病和引起高血壓。根據(jù)語境，攝入太多脂肪是造成心臟病的原因之一，所以contributeto“（造成某情況）的一個(gè)原因”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher（

）him（

）,saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。cutdown意為“減少，砍倒”；shutout意為“把……關(guān)在門外，阻斷（念頭、情感等）”；cutshort意為“縮短，打斷”；shutoff意為“關(guān)閉，停止”。

句意：當(dāng)Dick開始講述他的暑假時(shí)，教師打斷了他，說“下次告訴我們”。

11.單選題

Some4,000privateimporters,exportersandwholesalerswerenationalizedand（

）intoahugegovernmentmonopoly,theStateTradingCorp.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.incorporated

B.inclined

C.resigned

D.resorted

【答案】A

【解析】incorporateinto并入；其他選項(xiàng)都不與into搭配,而是一般與to搭配。句意:約4,000家私營進(jìn)出口商和批發(fā)商被收歸國有,并被并入一家大型的政府壟斷企業(yè)——國有貿(mào)易公司。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking'sbiographynotforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkinthepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknesses:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBiblearethisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe"authentic"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"authorized"bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsbiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."Unauthorized"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,he"unauthorized"characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress,Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral"authentic"ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe"story"ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

3.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause

（

）.

4.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubjects'lives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

D.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.itportraysthesubjectsbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

C.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

B.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicsofdifferentkindsofbiographies

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.當(dāng)傳記的主人公是英雄或名人時(shí)，傳記往往揭示出一些動(dòng)機(jī)：有的動(dòng)機(jī)試圖表明傳記的主人公和我們一樣只是普通人，有的傳記就是要激勵(lì)我們讓我們超越自己。”可知寫傳記有很多目的，舉例也是為了表明傳記可有不同的目的。答案A

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第一段和第二段“Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography——notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.同樣，一個(gè)國王的仆人可能不是為國王寫傳記的最佳人選。但是一個(gè)外國人可能沒有寫國王傳記所必需的知識(shí)和同情心——至少不是為王國的讀者寫的。對于這樣的任務(wù)，沒有理想的職位?！笨芍獩]有完美的人選來寫傳記，即沒有人能寫出完美的傳記。故D項(xiàng)正確。ABC三項(xiàng)與文中內(nèi)容不符。

第3題:推理判斷題。由最后一段“Inbookpromotions,the‘unauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.在圖書促銷活動(dòng)中，‘未經(jīng)授權(quán)’的描述通常會(huì)讓人聯(lián)想到作傳記對象不希望有的有趣八卦。”可知為了促銷，一些“未經(jīng)授權(quán)”的傳記作家會(huì)在書中寫一些傳記對象的八卦（私生活信息）。故C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:主旨大意題。由文章開頭及Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveral“authentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe“story”ofalife,perhapsnoteventhesubjects,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.一個(gè)主題可能有幾本傳記，甚至幾本“真實(shí)的”傳記。我們直覺地感覺到，沒有人能夠講述一個(gè)生命的“故事”，也許甚至只是主題，而傳記的歷史已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn)?？芍疚娜荚谥v述一個(gè)話題即“沒有人能寫出完美的傳記，很難找到合適的人選來寫出完美的傳記”。故B項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

Whatisgoodisthoughttobe________andwhatisevilisthoughttobeharmful,butdefininggoodandevilremainsacentralquestionofethics.(benefit)

【答案】beneficial

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)橫線前面的be，以及表示并列結(jié)構(gòu)的and，可知橫線所在內(nèi)容為形容詞，beneficial“有益的”符合語境，指的是善被認(rèn)為是有益的。

【句意】善被認(rèn)為是有益的，惡被認(rèn)為是有害的，但定義善惡仍然是倫理學(xué)的中心問題。

14.單選題

Topicsofconversationshouldbe（）totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rigid

B.rigorous

C.relevant

D.remarkable

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。rigid嚴(yán)格的，死板的；rigorous嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)酷的；relevant相關(guān)的，常與介詞to搭配，意為與……相關(guān)；remarkable卓越的，非凡的。只有relevant能與句中的to搭配。句意：對話的主題應(yīng)該與學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷和興趣相關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.單選題

Mostofhisfellowworkersdon'tlikehimbecauseheoften___ofhispastglory.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bursts

B.bawls

C.boasts

D.bans

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.bursts爆發(fā)B.bawls大叫

C.boasts自夸；夸耀D.bans禁止

【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配。

【解題思路】空格處接of組成固定短語?？崭裉幍膭?dòng)詞與光輝事跡相連接，與前文同事們不喜歡他相照應(yīng)。C選項(xiàng)boastof“自夸”在這里表示他總是自己夸耀自己，符合句子邏輯。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)均無法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。

【句意】他的大多數(shù)同事都不喜歡他，因?yàn)樗?jīng)常吹噓自己過去的輝煌。

16.單選題

Shehasalways（）herneighborsforthepasttwentyyears.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beenfedupwith

B.beenongoodtermswith

C.gottenaroundto

D.gonealongwith

【答案】B

【解析】句意:在最近二十年里，她一直與自己的鄰居保持著良好的關(guān)系。

語法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“forthepasttwentyyears.在最近的二十年里”與“hasalways—直”可知此處表示延續(xù)狀態(tài),所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(hasbeen),故排除C，D。befedupwith表示“厭煩”,不是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。Beongoodtermswith同某人關(guān)系好,是持續(xù)狀態(tài)。故選B。

17.單選題

Peoplemaygetverseswrong,buttheyalsomangleplentyofwell-knownbiblicalstoriesaswell.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spoil

B.imitate

C.formulate

D.violate

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)spoil“溺愛；糟蹋；破壞”；B選項(xiàng)imitate“模仿；仿造”；C選項(xiàng)formulate“規(guī)劃；用公式表示；明確地表達(dá)”；D選項(xiàng)violate“違反；侵犯”。句意：人們可能會(huì)讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文，但他們也會(huì)……許多著名的圣經(jīng)故事。由關(guān)鍵信息getverseswrong“讀錯(cuò)經(jīng)文”只是常見問題，后一句會(huì)加深問題的嚴(yán)重性。因此可以排除B，C選項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)一般是指違反規(guī)則，這里的承受對象是biblicalstories“圣經(jīng)故事”，不能適用。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Itisbadmannersto（）peoplewheretheyarespeaking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.interview

B.intimate

C.interfere

D.interrupt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Interview“采訪；面試”；intimate“暗示，通知”；interfere“干涉，打擾”；interrupt“打斷，中斷，打擾”。句意：打斷他人說話是不禮貌的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

19.翻譯題

科學(xué)是關(guān)于自然的知識(shí)總體，它代表了人類的共同努力、洞察力、研究成果和智慧。科學(xué)并不是什么新東西，在有文字記載的歷史以前，當(dāng)人們最初發(fā)現(xiàn)了在他們周圍反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的各種關(guān)系時(shí)，就有了科學(xué)的開端。通過對這些關(guān)系的仔細(xì)觀察，人們開始了解自然，而由于自然的可靠性，人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)他們能夠做出預(yù)測，從而在某種程度上控制他們周圍的環(huán)境。

科學(xué)家是一群努力洞悉自然，在表面雜亂無序中尋求規(guī)律的人。他們具有一種特殊的思考與分析能力，具有無限的耐心進(jìn)行觀察和收集數(shù)據(jù)。但是，并不能把一切科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都?xì)w因于能力和耐心，科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)常常與創(chuàng)造性的想象力緊密相關(guān)。的確，想象力的飛躍往往是通向發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一步。另外，科學(xué)家也以其誠實(shí)而著稱。他們非常重視誠實(shí)，主要是因?yàn)檎\實(shí)對他們至關(guān)重要。他們提出的每一個(gè)理論都要受到進(jìn)一步的檢驗(yàn)。每一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤或謊言必將被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)了與他們的想法相矛盾的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家不是隱瞞證據(jù)，而是修改甚至放棄他們的想法。這樣他們積累了極其大量的知識(shí)，這些知識(shí)幫助我們更好地了解自己及周圍的世界。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Scienceisthebodyofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveefforts,insights,findings,andwisdomofthehumanrace.Scienceisnotsomethingnewbuthaditsbeginningsbeforerecordedhistorywhenhumansfirstdiscoveredreoccurringrelationshipsaroundthem.Throughcarefulobservationsoftheserelationships,theybegantoknownatureand,becauseofnature’sdependability,foundtheycouldmakepredictionstoenablesomecontrolovertheirsurroundings.

Scientistsareasmallgroupofpeoplewhostrivetogaininsightsintonature,seekingorderinseemingdisorderliness.Theyarecreditedwithaspecialabilitytothinkandanalyze,andwithinfinitepatienceinmakingobservationsandcollectingdata.Butabilityandpatiencedonotaccountforallscientificdiscoveries,whichoftenhavemuchtodowithcreativeimagination.Indeedaleapofimaginationisoftenthefirststeptowardsdiscovery.Scientistsarealsonotedfortheirhonesty.Theyplaceahighpremiumonhonestylargelybecauseitisessentialtotheircareer.Everytheorytheyformulateissubjectedtofurthertesting.Everymistakeorlieisboundtobefoundout.Thereforeifanyevidenceisfoundcontradictingtheirideas,scientistsdonotsuppresstheevidencebutmodifyorevenabandontheirideas.Inthiswaytheyhavebuiltupanimmensebodyofknowledge,whichhelpsustounderstandbetterourselvesandtheworldaroundus.

20.單選題

Ourvisualperceptiondependsonthereceptionofenergyreflectingorradiatingfromthatwhichwewishtoperceive.Ifoureyescouldreceiveandmeasureinfinitelydelicatesense-data,wecouldperceivetheworldwithinfiniteprecision.Thenaturelimitsofoureyeshave,ofcourse,beenextendedbymechanicalinstruments;telescopesandmicroscopes,forexample,expandourcapabilitiesgreatly.Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.Itislikeadrawingachildmightmakebystickingindivisiblediscsofcolorontoacanvas.

Wemightthinkthatwecouldavoidthislimitationbyusingquantawithextremelylongwavelengths;suchquantawouldbesufficientlysensitivetoconveyextremelydelicatesense-data.Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.Tomeasurealengthaccuratelytowithinamillionthofaninch,wemusthaveameasuregraduatedinmillionthsofanfilch;ayardstickgraduatedininchesisuseless.Quantawithawavelengthofoneinchwouldbe,inasense,measuresthataregraduatedininches;Quantaofextremelylongwavelengthareuselessinmeasuringanythingexceptextremelylargedimensions.

Despitethesedifficulties,quantahaveimportanttheoreticalimplicationsforphysics.Itusedtobesupposedthat,intheobservationofnature,theuniversecouldbedividedintotwodistinctparts,aperceivingsubjectandaperceivedobjectInphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:beentirelydistinct,sothatadescriptionofanypartoftheuniversewouldbeindependentoftheobserver.Thequantumtheory,however,suggestsotherwise,foreveryobservationinvolvesthepassageofacompletequantumfromtheobjecttothesubject,anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.

Wecannolongermakeasharpdivisionbetweenthetwoinanefforttoobservenatureobjectively.Suchanattemptatobjectivitywoulddistortthecrucialinterrelationshipofobserverandobservedandobservedaspartsofasinglewhole.

But,everforscientists,itisonlyintheworldofatomsthatthisnewdevelopmentmakesanyappreciabledifferenceinfileexplanationofobservations.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthorusestheanalogyofthechild’sdrawingattheendofthefirstparagraphprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,quantawithanextremelylongwavelengthcannotbeusedtogivecompleteinformationaboutthephysicalworldbecausethey

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thequantumtheorycanbedistinguishedfromprevioustheoriesofphysicsbyits（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussaproblemthathinderspreciseperceptionoftheworld

B.pointouttheinadequaciesofaccepteduniteofmeasurement

C.criticizeattemptstodistinguishbetweenperceivingsubjectsandperceivedobjects

D.compareandcontrastrivalscientifichypothesesabouthowtheworldshouldbemeasuredandobserved.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.illustratetheultimatelimitationintheprecisionofsense-dataconveyedbyquanta

B.showthesenseofhelplessnessscientistsfeelinthefaceofsignificantobservationalproblems

C.anticipatetheobjectionsofthosescientistswhobelievethatnoinstrumentalaidtoobservationisentirelyreliable

D.disparagethosescientistswhobelievethatmeasurementbymeansofquantaoffersanaccuratepictureoftheworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.existindependentlyofsense-data

B.aregraduatedonlyininches

C.cannotwithpresent-dayinstruments,beisolatedfromquantaofshorterwavelength

D.provideaninsufficientlyprecisemeansofmeasuringlengthandposition

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.insistenceonscrupulouslyprecisemathematicalformulations

B.understandingoftheinherentinterrelationshipofperceiverandperceived

C.recognitionoftheneedforsophisticatedinstrumentsofmeasurement

D.emphasisonsmall-scaleratherthanonlarge-scalephenomena

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主要講到了我們視覺感知的局限性阻礙人類精確感知世界的問題，隨后由該問題引入極長波長量子的概念并加以討論，所以這篇文章的主要目的是討論阻礙人類精確感知世界的問題，所以A選項(xiàng)‘討論一個(gè)阻礙對世界的精確認(rèn)知的問題’正確；B選項(xiàng)“指出現(xiàn)行測量單位的不合理性”、C選項(xiàng)“對于將觀察者與被觀察物進(jìn)行區(qū)分的行為進(jìn)行批判”和D選項(xiàng)“比較不同的科學(xué)對于如何測量和觀察世界的問題的不同假設(shè)”都只是文章中的細(xì)節(jié)部分。

2.推理判斷題。文章在第一段的末尾運(yùn)用了類比的修辭手法，要想找到作者以孩童作畫作比的目的需要往回追溯，分析文章第一段的倒數(shù)二、三句“Thereis,however,anultimatelimitbeyondwhichnoinstrumentcantakeus:thislimitisimposedbyourinabilitytoreceivesense-datasmallerthanthoseconveyedbyanindividualquantumofenergy.Sincethesequantaarebelievedtobeindivisiblepackagesofenergyandsocannotbefurtherretied,wereachapointbeyondwhichfurtherresolutionoftheworldisnotpossible.然而，任何儀器都無法超越一個(gè)極限:這個(gè)極限是由我們無法接收比單個(gè)量子能量所傳遞的更小的感官數(shù)據(jù)所造成的。由于這些量子被認(rèn)為是不可分割的能量包體，因此不能進(jìn)一步退退，我們達(dá)到了一個(gè)無法進(jìn)一步解決世界問題的地步?！蓖茢喑鯝選項(xiàng)是對這兩句的句義轉(zhuǎn)述，符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句“Andthesequantawouldbeuseful,aslongasweonlywantedtomeasureenergy,butacompletelyaccurateperceptionoftheworldwilldependalsoontheexactmeasurementofthelengthsandpositionsofwhatwewishtoperceive.Forthis,quantaofextremelylongwavelengthsareuseless.”“當(dāng)我們只需測量能量時(shí)，這些帶有極長波長的量子是有用的。但是對世界絕然精確的感知，還將有賴于對我們所期望感知的物體的長度以及位置作出準(zhǔn)確的測量，而在這一方面帶有極長波長的量子就沒有什么作用了”確定帶有極長波長的量子不能用來獲取物質(zhì)世界的信息的原因?yàn)镈選項(xiàng)“不能對長度和位置進(jìn)行精確測量”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的最后兩句“Inphysics,subjectandobjectweresupposedto:...anditnowappearsthatthispassageconstitutesanimportantcouplingbetweenobserversandobserved.”主要講到了在物理學(xué)中，主體和客體被假定為絕然互不相關(guān)的，然而，量子理論暗示情形恰恰相反，因?yàn)槊恳豁?xiàng)觀察都涉及一個(gè)完整的量子從客體到主體的過渡，而現(xiàn)在看來，這一過渡構(gòu)成了觀察者與被觀察物之間的一種重要的結(jié)合。由此可知量子理論和己有的物理理論之間的區(qū)別在于量子理論對于觀察者與被觀察物內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的理解，B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.翻譯題

寫給未來的自己一封信當(dāng)你10年、20年或更多年后回顧過去時(shí)，你會(huì)吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著時(shí)光的流逝，你也發(fā)生了很大的變化。你的經(jīng)歷、朋友、家庭和工作造就了現(xiàn)在的你。但是再過幾年你會(huì)在哪里呢？你會(huì)如何變化呢？這樣反思性的寫作，會(huì)是思考未來你想要什么的一種好的方式。

你也許以前試過給過去的自己寫信，向年輕時(shí)的自己傳授一些人生的智慧和觀點(diǎn)，你希望那時(shí)候的自己就能知道這些?，F(xiàn)在我們換個(gè)角度看問題，如果讓你給未來的自己寫封信，你會(huì)寫點(diǎn)什么？

想象一下，給5年后的自己寫一封信，當(dāng)5年后你打開那封信時(shí)，你會(huì)產(chǎn)生多少共鳴。這是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的一種有用的輔助工具，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你給未來的自己寫信時(shí)，你會(huì)慢慢理清希望自己在人生旅途的那個(gè)特定時(shí)刻變成什么樣子。

當(dāng)你在未來讀這封信時(shí)，你可以看看有多少事情是像你過去期望的那樣，你也會(huì)思考為什么會(huì)這樣。很多時(shí)候，我們設(shè)定目標(biāo)在實(shí)現(xiàn)的過程中會(huì)受到沿途中各種因素的影響，因?yàn)闀?huì)遇到各種各樣的困難、各種意外情況并需要不斷調(diào)整優(yōu)先級。

這封信能讓你從宏觀的角度上去看自己最初的愿景，讓你意識(shí)到自己現(xiàn)在的想法和過去相比有多么不同。

當(dāng)你以后看信時(shí)，你會(huì)把過去的自己和現(xiàn)在的自己進(jìn)行比較。這會(huì)讓你看清從寫信時(shí)起你發(fā)生了哪些變化，這種體驗(yàn)是非常有趣的。光看看從你寫信開始發(fā)生了哪些變化就很有趣了。

現(xiàn)在就拿出筆和紙，開始給未來的自己寫封信吧。找個(gè)合適的時(shí)間，想象你在那段時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)是什么樣子，然后開始寫信。想一想你想成為哪種人，你在生活中的位置、那時(shí)你的成就、你會(huì)有什么樣的想法和感覺，諸如此類的內(nèi)容。

寫完信，把它裝到信封里，在信封的封面上寫上日期，把它妥善保管起來。在自己的日歷中標(biāo)記一下打開這封信的日期。當(dāng)你以后打開信時(shí)，你可能會(huì)更好地洞察自己以及自己過去的生命歷程。

【答案】Whenyoulookbackonyourselfinthepast10,20,30ormoreyearsagoit’ssurprisingtoseehowmuchyouhavechangedovertime.Yourexperiences,yourfriends,yourfamilyandyourworkhaveallshapedwhoyouarerightnow.

Itisausefulsupplementarytooltobeusedingoalachievement,becausewhenyouwritethelettertoyourfutureself,ithelpscrystallizeexactlyhowyouanticipateyourselftobecomeatthatspecificmomentdowntheroad.

Oftentimes,thegoalswesetandourgoalachievementprocessaresubjectedtoalotofchangesalongtheway,duetovaryingobstacles,unanticipatedcircumstancesandchangingpriorities.

Thelettergivesyouamacro-viewofyourinitialvisionandletsyourecognizehowyourcurrentvisiondiffersfromthepast.

Whenyouopenthislettersometimeinthenearfuture,youmightgainadditionalinsightsaboutyourselfandyourjourneyinthepastfewyearsthatyouwereobliviousto.

22.單選題

Supposeyouarethereinthemuseum,withthehead-sizedsmartphonepermanentlypositionedinfrontofyournose.AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinPsychologicalSciencethisweek,youaredoingitallwrong.Thattinycamerayouareusingtocarefully（1）yourartviewingexperienceisactually

（2）

yourartmemory,notpreservingit.

Thestudy,

（3）

byFairfieldUniversity’spsychologicalscientistLindaHenkel,claimsthatmuseumgoershaveworsememories

（4）

objectsandspecificobjectdetails

（5）

theyusedacameratorecordpaintings,archeologicalrelicsorhistoricalartifacts

（6）

.It’saphenomenonHenkelcallsthe“photo-takingimpairmenteffect”.

“Whenpeople

（7）

technologytorememberforthem一countingonthecameratorecordtheeventandthusnotneedingto

（8）

toitfullythemselves—itcanhaveanegative

（9）

onhowwelltheyremembertheirexperiences,”Henkelexplainsinadescriptionofthestudy.

Toreachherconclusion,Henkel

（10）

anexperimentatBellarmineArtMuseumatFairf