考研考博-英語-中國傳媒大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國傳媒大學考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Banknotesarenotusually（）intogoldnowadays.

問題1選項

A.inverted

B.revertible

C.convertible

D.diverting

【答案】C

【解析】形近詞辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在的紙幣通常不能兌換成黃金。選項C符合句意。

2.單選題

Architectsarehopelesswhenitcomestodecidingwhetherthepublicwillviewtheirdesignsasmarvelsormonstrosities,accordingtoastudybyCanadianpsychologists.Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople’stastes.

Manybuildingsthatappealtoarchitectsgetthethumbsdownfromthepublic.RobertGiffordoftheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbiadecidedtofindoutwhetherarchitectsunderstandpublicpreferencesandsimplydisagreewiththem,orfailtounderstandthelayperson’sview.

WithhiscolleagueGrahamBrown,heasked25experiencedarchitectstolookatphotosof42largebuildingintheUS,Canada,EuropeandHongKong.Thearchitectspredictedhowthepublicwouldratethebuildingonascaleof1to10,where1represented“terrible”and10“excellent”.Afurther27peoplewhowerenotarchitectsalsoscoredthebuildingsoutof10.Inaddition,eightarchitectsgavetheirownpersonalratingsofthebuildings.

Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding’smerits.Andarchitectscorrectlypredictedthatlaypeoplewouldonaverageratebuildingshigherthantheydidthemselves.Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”SaysGifford.

Forinstance,architectsgavetheStockleyParkBuildingB-3officesinLondonamoderateratingof5.2.Theythoughtthepublicwouldlikeitmuchbetter,predictingaratingof6.3.Butthepublicactuallydislikedtheoffices,andgaveit4.7.Giffordthinksthatlaypeoplerespondtospecificfeaturesofbuildings,suchasdurabilityandoriginality,andhopestopindownwhattheyare.

“Architectsinarchitectureschoolneedtobetaughthowlaypeoplethinkaboutbuildings,”Giffordconcludes.Hedoesn’tthinkdesignersshouldpandertothelowestcommondenominator,butsuggeststheyshouldaspiretowardsbuildingsthatappealtothepublicandarchitectsalike,suchastheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong.

MarcoGoldschmidtoftheRichardRogersPartnership,designersoftheMillenniumDomeinLondon,thinksthestudyisflawed.“Theauthorshaveassumed,wrongly,thatbuildingscanbemeaningfullyjudgedfromphotographsratherthanactualvisits,”hesays.Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.

1.Whatdosethefirstparagraphofthispassageimply?

2.Throughhisstudy,RobertGiffordfoundthat（

）.

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthattheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong（

）.

4.MarcoGoldschmidtthinksthatGifford’sstudyisflawedbecause（

）.

5.Whatdosethepassagemainlydealwith?

問題1選項

A.Architectshaveadarkfutureindesigningmarvelousbuildings.

B.Architectsdon'tcareabouthowordinarypeopleviewtheirdesigns.

C.Itisverydifficultforarchitectstopleasethegeneralpublic.

D.Architectsdon'tknowmuchaboutthepublictastesforbuildings.

問題2選項

A.thethreegroupshadsimilarresponsestothephotosof42largebuildings

B.thearchitectsgenerallyratedbuildingslowerthanlaypeople

C.thearchitectspredictedpreciselythepreferencesoflaypeople

D.noarchitectcouldpredictthepublictastestowardsbuildingsaccurately

問題3選項

A.panderstothelowestcommondenominator

B.getsalowratefromthearchitects

C.appealstothepublicaswellasthearchitects

D.givesthearchitectsalotofaspiration

問題4選項

A.itusesphotosinsteadofactualvisits

B.itignoresthepublictastesbetweengenerations.

C.itlacksthenecessarysignificanceandinterests

D.itdoesn'ttakeintoaccountthedifferenceswithinthepublic

問題5選項

A.Howtodesignattractivebuildings.

B.Architectsneedtounderstandpublictastes.

C.Howlaypeopleviewbuildings.

D.Differenttastesbetweenarchitectsandthepublic.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople'stastes.”公眾認為設計師應該回到學校去了解普通人的品味，由此說明，設計師很難取悅大眾。選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding'smerits.”可知選項A正確；根據(jù)第四段的第三句“Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.”可知選項B和C錯誤；根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”可知選項D錯誤。

3.根據(jù)關鍵詞“BankofChinabuildinginHongKong”定位到倒數(shù)第二段，Gifford認為建筑學校的建筑師需要學習外行人如何看待建筑。他不認為設計師應該迎合最低標準，但建議他們應該追求吸引公眾和建筑師的建筑，比如香港的中國銀行大廈。選項D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.”選項B符合原文。

5.結合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講建筑師和公眾對建筑不同的看法。選項D正確。

3.單選題

FastReading

Newspapers

Newspapersaretheoriginalformofbroadbandcommunication,adistinctionnotalwaysrecognizedintheageoftheInternet.Longbeforewehadcomputers,televisions,radios,telephonesandtelegraphs,newspaperswerethecheapestandmostefficientwaytoreachmassaudienceswithnews,commentaryandadvertising.Newspapers,fromtheirbeginningsashand-printed“broadsheets”,havebeenatruerandom-accessmedium-readerscanmoveeasilyandquicklythroughthedifferentsectionsofanewspaper,returningtothemdaysorevenweekslater.Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.

WhatDidtheGrowthofTVNewsMeantoNewspapers?

Withthegrowthoftelevisionnewsinthe1960s,newspapersconfrontedtheirfirstformidablecompetitor.Today,ABCNewsclaimsthatmoreAmericansgettheirnewsfromABCthanfromanyothersource—andit’sprobablytrue.TheUnitedStates’1,600dailynewspaperscontinuetoservemillionsofreaders,butnewspapersarenolongerthecountry’sdominantmassmedium.Howtosurviveandevenflourishinaculturemoreattunedto（吻合）electronicmediathantoprinter’sinkisthemostseriousissuefacingthenewspaperindustryasitentersthe21stcentury.

ItissafetosaythatnewspapersarenotabouttofollowtheMorsetelegraphintooblivion.Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium.Noonelugsacomputermonitortothebreakfasttabletogetthemorningnews.And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

WhatExactlyIsNewsandHowDoesItWork?

Curiously,forapublicationcalledanewspaper,noonehasevercoinedastandarddefinitionofnews.Butforthemostpart,newsusuallyfallsunderonebroadclassification-theabnormal.Itishumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisastersthatoften“makethenews”.Reportersareanewspaper’sfront-lineeyesandears.Reportersglean（收集）informationfrommanysources,somepublic,suchaspolicerecords,andothersprivate,suchasagovernmentinformant.Occasionally,areporterwillgotojailratherthanrevealthenameofaconfidentialsourceforanewsstory.Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

Somereportersareassignedtobeats,oranareaofcoverage,suchasthecourts,cityhall,education,business,medicineandsoforth.Othersarecalledgeneralassignmentreporters,whichmeanstheyareoncallforavarietyofstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.Inthemovies,reportershaveexciting,frenzied（狂熱的）anddangerousjobsastheyliveafamouspronouncementofthenewspaperbusiness:“Comforttheafflictedandafflictthecomfortable.”Althoughafewmembersofthemediahavebeenkilledasaresultofinvestigationsintowrongdoing,newspaperworkforthegreatmajorityofreportersisroutine.

Allreportersareultimatelyresponsibletoaneditor.Dependingonitssize,anewspapermayhavenumerouseditors,beginningwithanexecutiveeditorresponsibleforthenewsdivision.Immediatelybelowtheexecutiveeditoristhemanagingeditor,thepersonwhooverseestheday-to-dayworkofthenewsdivision.Othereditors―sports,photo,state,national,featuresandobituary（訃告）,forexample—mayalsoreporttothemanagingeditor.

However,thebestknownandinsomewaysthemostcrucialeditoristhecityormetroeditor.Thisistheeditorthatreportersworkfordirectly.Thecityormetroeditorassignsstones,enforcesdeadlinesandisthefirsttoseereporters’rawcopyonthecompositionsystemorcomputernetwork.Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.Oftenworkingunderthestressofbreakingnews,theirdecisionstranslatedirectlyintothecontentofthenewspaper.

Oncethecityormetroeditorhasfinishededitingareporter’srawcopy,thestorymovesfromthecompositionsystemviathecomputernetworktoanotherpartofthenewsdivision,thecopydesk.Here,copyeditorscheckforspellingandothererrorsofusage.Theymayalsolookfor“holes”inthestorythatwouldconfusereadersorleavetheirquestionsunanswered.Thecopydeskchiefroutesfinishedstoriestoothereditorswhofitlocalandwireservicestories,headlines（writtenbytheeditor—notthereporter!）anddigitalphotographsontopages.Newspapersareincreasinglydoingthiswork,calledpagination（分頁）,withpersonalcomputersusingsoftwareavailableatanyofficesupplystore.MicrosoftWindows,WordandQuarkExpressarethreeprogramsthat,thoughnotdesignedfornewspaperproduction,areeasilyadaptedforit.

WhatAretheEditorialPagesAllAbout?

Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.Thisiswhereeditorials,unsignedcommentarythatreflectsthecollectivepositionofthenewspaper’seditorialboard,appear.Editorialsarenotnews,butratherreasonedopinionbasedonfacts.Forexample,editorialsmaycriticizetheperformanceofpublicofficialssuchasthemayor,thepolicechief,orthelocalschoolboard;conversely,editorialsmaypraiseothersfortheirciviccontributions.Whateverthetopic,newspapershopetheireditorialswillraisethelevelofcommunitydiscourse.

Twowaysthisoccursarefamiliartoanynewspaperreader―letterstotheeditorandop-edarticles（acontractionofopposite-editorialpage）.Lettersarealwaysamongthebest-readsectionofanynewspaper,forthisiswherereadersexpresstheiropinions.Op-edarticlesusuallyrun850to1,000words.Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.

Theeditorialpagesareunderthedirectionofaneditoroutsidethenewsdivision.Newspaperpeoplecallthis“separationofchurchandstate”,meaningthereisalinebetweennewsandopinionthatmustnotbecrossed.Todosostripsanewspaperofitsmostvaluableasset-credibility.Forthatreason,editorialpageeditorsatsomelargenewspapersreporttothepublisher,whoisthechiefexecutiveofficerofthecompany,andnottotheexecutiveeditor.Othernewspapersmayhavetheireditorialpageeditorreportingtotheexecutiveeditor.Whatevertheorganizationalmodel,though,neitherdepartmentcantelltheotherwhattopublishinthenewspaper.

HowAreNewspapersDistributed?

Responsibilityforgettingthenewspaperfromthepresstothereaderfallstothedistributiondivision.Largenewspaperspublishtwo,threeorevenfoureditions,allofwhichmustbereadytoleavethenewspaperplantatacertaintime.Thefirstedition,sometimescalledthebulldogedition（晨版）,goestotheouterlimitsofthenewspaper’scirculationarea.

Thismaybeseveralcountiesorevenanentirestate.Latereditionscontainprogressivelyfreshernewsandgotosmallerareas.Thefinaledition,whichgoestopressaftermidnight,containsthelatestnewsbutcoversthesmallestgeographicalarea,usuallyacity.

Anysubscribertoadailynewspaperknowsthatitplops（撲通落下）ontothedrivewayintheweehoursofthemorning.Independentcontractorscalledcarriersbuycopiesofthenewspaperatdiscountanddeliverthem,usingtheirpersonalvehicles.ThefirstjobformanyAmericanyoungsterswasdeliveringtheafternoonpaperintheirneighborhood.

Thecirculationdepartmentdrawstheroutesthatcarriersfollow.Thisdepartmentisalsoresponsibleforracksales,newspapersthatgointocoin-operateddispensers（自動售貨機）.Thecirculationdepartmentmaintainssubscribers’billingrecords,stopsandstartsdeliveriesuponrequest,andusesservicerunnerstodelivermissingpapers.

In18hoursofhighlycoordinatedworkcarriedoutbynumerousdivisions,whatnewspaperpeoplecalla“roughdraftofhistory”asmovedthroughcomputersystems,imaging（成像）machinesandpresses,toitsfinaldestination-thereaders.

After3:30a.m.,fewpeopleremainatanewspaperplant.Alltheotherdivisionshavegonehome.Thepresseshavefallensilent,perhapsundergoingmaintenancefortheremainderofthenight.Thesuddensilencewillnotlastlong.Inlessthanfourhours,thenewspaper,asitmustdo365daysayear,willrousefromitsshortsleepandstartalloveragain.

1.Whatcanbestdescribethequalitiesofnewspapersnow?

2.WhatqualitiesshouldNewspaperspossessinordertosurviveinthecompetitionagainstothermedia?

3.Today’snewspaperspaymoreattentiontothefollowingaspectsEXCEPT（）.

4.WhyAmericannewspapersconsiderthemselves“thewatchdogbranch”?

5.Whatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaperisdecidedby（）.

6.Whatmustbepublishedonnewspapers’editorialpages?

7.Newspapersmakeroomforletterstotheeditorandopposite-editorialarticlesasimportantdevotionto（）.

問題1選項

A.Theyareoriginalandhand-printed.

B.Theyarethecheapestandmostefficient.

C.Theyareuniversalandeverlasting.

D.Theyarethewholeworld’sdominantmassmedium.

問題2選項

A.Convenienceandadaptability.

B.Convenienceandgooddesign.

C.Colorphotographyandadaptability.

D.Gooddesignandcolorphotography.

問題3選項

A.gooddesign

B.detailedstories

C.colorphotography

D.lowcostandhighincome

問題4選項

A.Becausetheyreportandinterpretcurrentevents.

B.Becausetheyuncoverlegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.

C.Becausetheyreporthumanfolly,mechanicalfailuresandnaturaldisasters.

D.Becausetheygatherstoriessuchasaccidents,civiceventsandhuman-intereststories.

問題5選項

A.thecopyeditor

B.theexecutiveeditor

C.themanagingeditor

D.thecityormetroeditor

問題6選項

A.Thecriticismofpublicofficialssuchasthemayorandthepolicechief.

B.Theopinionsthatreadersexpressaboutthedetailedstories.

C.Newspapers’commentsoncurrentevents.

D.Thegooddeedpublicofficialshavedonefortheirciviccontributions.

問題7選項

A.currentevents

B.publicreports

C.privatestories

D.civicdialogue

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

第6題:C

第7題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第一段指出：Andbecauseanewspaper’s“software”consistsofacommonlanguage,itpossessesauniversalandtimelessquality.（因為報紙的“軟件”是由一種共同的語言組成的，所以它具有普遍和無時間限制的特質）。因此C項“它們普遍而永恒”正確。

2.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段講了報紙是如何求生存：Newspapersareaportableconvenientmedium（報紙是一種方便攜帶的媒介），以及：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細報道）。由此可知，報紙為了在競爭中生存應該具備方便和適應性的特點，故選A。

3.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第三段指出：And,newspapersareprovingsurprisinglyadeptatreinventingthemselvesfortoday’sreadersbyemphasizinggooddesign,colorphotographyanddetailedstoriesthatreportandinterpretcurrentevents.（驚人的是，報紙善于打造自身以適應現(xiàn)今的讀者，通過注重好的設計，彩色攝影和報告和解釋時事的詳細報道）。四個選項中，只有D項“低成本，高收入”未被提及，因此答案選D。

4.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第四段指出：Americannewspapersproudlyconsiderthemselvesthefourthbranchofgovernment—thewatchdogbranch—thatexposeslegislative,executiveandjudicialmisbehavior.（美國報紙驕傲的自稱為政府第四個分支——監(jiān)察機構——這暴露了立法、行政和司法方面的不當行為）。由此可知B項正確。

5.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第七段指出：Theseeditorsarecalledgatekeepers,becausetheycontrolmuchofwhatwillandwillnotappearinthenextday’spaper.（這些編輯被稱作守門人，因為他們控制著第二天報紙上將出現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)內(nèi)容）。由此可知D項正確。

6.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第九段指出：Anewspaperpublishesitsviewsoncurrentevents-bothlocalandnational-onitseditorialpages.（報紙將其關于當?shù)鼗驀鴥?nèi)最近事件的觀點發(fā)表于社論版面里）。由此可知，社論版發(fā)表對最近事件的看法。故選C。

7.【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。第十段指出：Newspapersmakespaceforletterstotheeditorandop-edarticlesfreelyavailableaspartoftheircontributiontocivicdialogue.（報紙為讀者來信和反對意見的文章騰出地方，是它們?yōu)槭忻駥υ捵龀鲐暙I的一部分）。因此，D項“公民對話”正確。

4.單選題

Thewreckageoftheexplodedcar______thetraffic.

問題1選項

A.interfered

B.interpreted

C.disrupted

D.corrupted

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項interfered“妨礙（有損害）”；B選項interpreted“解釋；作口譯”；C選項disrupted“妨礙，擾亂（使維持正常狀態(tài)有難度）”；D選項corrupted“腐化”。句意：汽車爆炸的殘骸______交通。根據(jù)語境，這里指汽車爆炸擾亂了正常交通，C選項disrupted“妨礙，擾亂（使維持正常狀態(tài)有難度）”符合題意。因此C選項正確。

5.單選題

（）beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.

問題1選項

A.Hadtheyarrived

B.Weretheyarriving

C.Wouldtheyarrive

D.Weretheytoarrive

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。主句謂語是“should+動詞原形”，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反或與將來事實可能相反。從句部分是倒裝結構，省略了if，由于句子中的時間狀語是thedayaftertomorrow，所以從句動詞應該用與將來事實可能相反的虛擬語氣。應為should(wereto)+動詞原形。句意：如果他們在我們后天出發(fā)之前到達的話，我們可以有一頓豐盛的晚宴。故D項正確。

6.單選題

EveniffewobserverswouldclassifyChinaasatrulychild-centeredsociety,Chinesecultureundoubtedlyplacesahighvalueontheirchildren.

問題1選項

A.Eveniffew

B.wouldclassify

C.asatrulychild-centeredsociety

D.ontheirchildren

E.沒有錯誤

【答案】D

【解析】代詞誤用。去掉their。句子主語為Chineseculture,根據(jù)句子結構推斷their指代的是Chineseculture,顯然不合適。

7.單選題

Developmentsinshipdesignandconstructionmethodscameaboutin（

）tochallengesencounteredintrading.

問題1選項

A.awareness

B.response

C.contrast

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】inresponseto響應,回答,對...有反應；incontrastto與...形成對照；選項A和D無此用法。句意:船舶設計和建造方法的發(fā)展是為了應對貿(mào)易中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。選項B符合句意。

8.單選題

EnglishTestinDoctorialentranceexaminationisdesignedtoobservetheexaminees’English（

）

inreading,writing,andtranslating.

問題1選項

A.proficiency

B.persistency

C.consistency

D.sufficiency

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查同形詞辨析。A選項proficiency“精通，熟練”；B選項persistency“持續(xù)，固執(zhí)”；C選項consistency“一致性”；D選項sufficiency“足量，充足”，根據(jù)文中關鍵詞“test考試”和“observe觀察，評論”可知proficiency最合適，句意為：博士英語入學考試旨在測試受測者的讀寫和翻譯的熟練度。故正確答案選A。

9.單選題

Everybody,studentsandteachersalike,（）gladthatJackhassignedupforthecompositioncontest.

問題1選項

A.are

B.is

C.do

D.does

【答案】B

【解析】考查謂語動詞。glad為形容詞，表示“高興的，樂意的”，需與be動詞搭配，故排除C、D選項。studentsandteachersalike為插入語，是對主語everybody的解釋說明，不影響謂語動詞的選擇，因此謂語動詞應選用is，故本題正確答案為B選項。

10.單選題

Theideaofspendingtherestofmylifetherenever（）me.

問題1選項

A.approvesto

B.attractsto

C.appallsto

D.appealsto

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項approveto“批準，贊成”，B選項attract“吸引”，一般沒有“attractto”這樣的用法，可以用attractsb.todosth.或者sb.isattractedtodosth.，C選項appall“使膽寒，使大吃一驚”，一般不和介詞to搭配；D選項appealsto“呼吁，吸引，要求”。句意：在那里度過余生的想法從來沒有吸引過我。由選項意思和固定搭配可知，D選項符合句意。

11.單選題

II.LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.

TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.

Forexample,intheprocessofjustifyingitsruling,theCourtfounditnecessary:(1)toblurthelinebetweencivilandcriminalpunishmentandtodefinepunishmentforconstitutionalpurposestoincludecivilpenalties;(2)todiscardastatutoryconstructiontestusedforoverfiftyyearsindecidingwhetheralegislatureintendedacriminalorcivilpenalty;(3)torejecttheconceptofdeterrenceasalegitimateobjectiveofacivilstatute;(4)toreducetheconceptofgovernmentdamagetoamonetaryformulawhileignoringsubstantialprecedentwhichrecognizedthepossibilityofnonmeasurableharmtogovernment;(5)tocreateanaccountingprocedurefordecidingwhenthelineiscrossedbetweenremedyandpunishmentforconstitutionalpurposes;and(6)toallowindividualtrialcourtstoreplacethewilloflegislaturesindecidingtherationallevelofindemnitytogovernmentforitsloss.

1.ThenewrulecreatedbytheCourtinHalpercasewilldisruptdifferentlevelsofgovernments’abilityto___.

2.AccordingtoHalper,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

3.Whatistheremarkablechangeinthelawaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

4.Readingtheparagraphsgiven,onecanfeelthatauthor___theHalpercase.

問題1選項

A.enforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes

B.enforcealltheimportantregulatoryschemes

C.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesofenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

D.enforcetheimportantregulatoryschemesotherthanenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection

問題2選項

A.Certainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areequallyaccessibletocivildefendants.

B.Thereasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.

C.Theeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendmentareavailabletocivildefendants.

D.TheCourt’sreasoninganddecisionfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings.

問題3選項

A.Tonarrowdoublejeopardyissue.

B.Toignoreaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.

C.Theapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceeding.

D.TolookatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle.

問題4選項

A.disagreeswith

B.hasnegativefeelingwith

C.whollysupports

D.likes

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句LastTerm,theSupremeCourtinUnitedStatesv.Halper,unanimouslycreatedaruleoflawthatwilldisruptfederal,state,andlocalgovernments’abilitytoenforceavastarrayofimportantregulatoryschemes,includingenvironmentalprotection,securitiesregulation,andtaxcollection.（上一屆，最高法院在美國訴Halper案中一致制定了一項法律規(guī)則，該規(guī)則將破壞聯(lián)邦、州和地方政府執(zhí)行一系列重要監(jiān)管計劃的能力，包括環(huán)境保護、證券監(jiān)管和稅收征收）可知選A選項“執(zhí)行一系列重要的監(jiān)管計劃”；B選項“執(zhí)行所有重要的規(guī)管計劃”，C選項“執(zhí)行環(huán)境保護、證券監(jiān)管、稅收征管等重要監(jiān)管方案”以及D選項“執(zhí)行除環(huán)境保護、證券監(jiān)管和稅收征管外的重要監(jiān)管計劃”都不符合原文。因此A選項正確。

2.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段ThislikelydisruptionflowsfromtheCourt’srecognitionthatcertainconstitutionalprotections,previouslythoughtonlyavailabletocriminaldefendants,areattimesequallyaccessibletocivildefendantsfromwhomgovernmentisattemptingtocollectcivilpenaltiesforproscribedactivity.（這種可能造成的干擾是由于最高法院認識到，某些憲法保護以前被認為只適用于刑事被告，但有時也適用于民事被告，政府正試圖對被禁止的活動收取民事處罰）可知A選項“某些憲法保護以前被認為只適用于刑事被告，現(xiàn)在對民事被告也同樣適用”和原文不符；第一段WhiletheCourt’sdecisioninHalperfocusedonlyontheextensionofthedoublejeopardyclausetocivilpenaltyproceedings,itsreasoningandholdingaresufficientlybroadtoallowtheapplicationofotherconstitutionalprotectionstogovernment-initiatedcivilpenaltycases.Theseadditionalconstitutionalprotectionscouldincludetheeighthamendment,theself-incriminationclauseoftheFifthAmendment,andthetrialguaranteesoftheSixthAmendment.（雖然法院在Halper案中的裁決只側重于將雙重危險條款擴展到民事處罰程序，但其推理和裁定的范圍足夠廣泛，允許將其他憲法保護適用于政府發(fā)起的民事處罰案件。這些附加的憲法保護包括第八修正案、第五修正案的自證其罪條款和第六修正案的審判保障）可知B選項“推理和裁定的范圍足夠廣泛，允許對政府發(fā)起的民事處罰案件適用其他憲法保護”，C選項“第八修正案、第五修正案的自證其罪條款和第六修正案的審判保證對民事被告適用”以及D選項“法院的推理和裁決只集中于將雙重危險條款擴大到民事處罰程序”符合原文。因此A選項符合題意。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句TurninginitiallytothemorenarrowdoublejeopardyissueaddressedinHalper,theCourt’sapplicationofdoublejeopardyprotectiontoacivilpenaltyproceedingwasaremarkablechangeinthelaw.（最初轉向Halpe案中涉及的更狹義的雙重危險問題，法院對民事處罰程序的雙重危險保護的適用是法律上的一個顯著變化）可知選C選項“雙重危險保護在民事處罰程序中的適用”；A選項“縮小雙重危險問題”，B選項“忽視一系列只有在刑事訴訟中才承認雙重危險保護的案件”以及D選項“從一個更全景的角度看Halper案”皆不是原文提到的法律上的一個顯著變化。因此C選項正確。

4.觀點態(tài)度題。定位到第二段Byextendingthereachofthedoublejeopardyclause,JusticeBlackmun’sopinionignoredaconsistentlineofcasesrecognizingdoublejeopardyprotectiononlyinthecontextofacriminalproceeding.LookingatHalperfromamorepanoramicangle,however,itistheCourt’sreasoning,apartfromitsholdingondoublejeopardythatformsthecoreofthedisruptioncreatedforgovernmentregulatoryprograms.（通過擴大雙重危險條款的范圍，布萊克門法官的意見忽視了一系列只有在刑事訴訟中才承認雙重危險保護的案件。然而，從更全面的角度來看，除了對雙重危險的認定外，法院的推理構成了對政府監(jiān)管項目造成破壞的核心）可知作者認為Halper案的處理方式導致了對政府監(jiān)管項目造成破壞的核心，可以推測作者對Halper案有負面感覺，選B選項“對Halper案有負面的感覺”；A選項“不同意”太過嚴重；C選項“完全支持”和D選項“喜歡”都不符合原文的表達。因此B選項正確。

12.單選題

Theimportanceofinteriordesignbecomes（

）whenwerealizehowmuchtimewespendsurroundedbyfourwalls.

問題1選項

A.attractive

B.appropriate

C.evident

D.obscure

【答