考研考博-英語-上海財經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海財經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heknewthatthearea’srichplantlifehadbeenseverely______bythehugeherdsofcowsgrazingtheland.

問題1選項

A.depleted

B.decomposed

C.corrupted

D.corroded

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項depleted“耗盡……的資源”；B選項decomposed“分解”；C選項corrupted“使惡化；使腐敗”；D選項corroded“腐蝕”。句意：他知道這個地區(qū)大量的植被已經(jīng)被大量放牧的牛群嚴(yán)重______。根據(jù)語境，depleted“耗盡……的資源”搭配richplantlife“豐富的植物”比較合理，意指植被資源被嚴(yán)重消耗。因此A選項正確。

2.翻譯題

WhatIwishforallstudentsissomereleasefromthegrimgripofthefuture.Iwishthemachancetoenjoyeachsegmentoftheireducationasanexperienceinitselfandnotasatiresomerequirementinpreparationforthenextstep.Iwishthemtherighttoexperiment,totripandfall,tolearnthatdefeatisaseducationalasvictoryandisnottheendoftheworld.

Mywish,ofcourse,isnative.OneofthefewrightsthatAmericadoesnotproclaimistherighttofail.Achievementisthenationalgod,worshippedinourmedia—themillion-dollarathlete,thewealthyexecutiveandglorifiedinourpraiseofpossessions.Inthepresenceofsuchapotentstatereligion,theyoungaregrowingupold.

【答案】我希望所有的學(xué)生稍微擺脫未來的無情控制。我希望他們有機(jī)會把自己每一階段的教育純粹當(dāng)成一種經(jīng)歷來享受，而不是作為一種為下一步做準(zhǔn)備的令人厭倦的需要。我希望他們有權(quán)利去嘗試、跌倒、懂得失敗如同勝利一樣具有教育意義和失敗并不是世界的末日。

當(dāng)然，我的希望是天真的。失敗的權(quán)利是美國人不贊揚的幾個權(quán)利之一。成就是民族之神，在我們的媒體中受到崇拜——如身價百萬的運動員，富有的主管人員一樣——在我們對財富的贊美中得到榮耀。年輕人就是在這樣一種強(qiáng)有力的民族信仰熏陶下長大的。

3.單選題

Peoplehavebeendonatingbloodsincetheearlytwentiethcenturytohelpaccidentvictimsandpatientsundergoingsurgicalprocedures.Usuallyapintofwholebloodisdonated,anditisthendividedintoplatelets,whitebloodcells,andredbloodcells.Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths.

Transfusingthebloodfromthedonortotherecipientisstraightforward.D.Itinvolvestakingthebloodfromadonor’sarmveinbymeansofahypodermicsyringe.Thebloodflowsthroughaplastictubetoacollectionbagorbottlethatcontainssodiumcitrate,whichpreventsthebloodfromclotting.

Whenthebloodisgiventoapatient,aplastictubeandhypodermicneedleareconnectedtotherecipient’sarm.Thebloodflowsdownfromthecontainerbygravity.Thisisaslowprocessandmaylastaslongas2hourstocompletetheinfusionofbloodintotherecipient.Thepatientisprotectedfrombeinginfectedduringthetransfusion.Onlysterilecontainers,tubing,andneedlesareused,andthishelpsensurethattransfusedorstoredbloodisnotexposedtodisease-causingbacteria.

Negativereactionstotransfusionsarenotunusual.Therecipientmaysufferanallergicreactionorbesensitivetodonorleukocytes.Somemaysufferfromanundetectedred-cellincompatibility.Unexplainedreactionsarealsofairlycommon.Althoughtheyarerare,othercausesofsuchnegativereactionsincludecontaminatedblood,airbubblesintheblood,overloadingofthecirculatorysystemthroughadministrationofexcessblood,orsensitivitytodonorplasmaorplatelets.

Today,hospitalsandbloodbanksgotogreatlengthstoscreenallblooddonorsandtheirblood.D.Alldonatedbloodisroutinelyandrigorouslytestedfordiseases,suchasHIV(whichcauseAIDS),hepatitisB,andsyphilis.Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement.Donatedbloodiswashed,andthewhitebloodcellsandplateletsareremoved.

Storingthebloodsometimesrequiresafreezingprocess,tofreezetheredbloodcells,aglycerolsolutionisadded.D.Tounfreeze,theglycerolisremoved.D.Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth.

1.Accordingtothispassage,howoftencanpeopledonatebloodforredbloodcells?

2.Whichsentenceinparagraph2explainshowclottingispreventedinthebloodcontainer?

3.AllofthefollowingarementionedaspotentialnegativereactionstotransfusionsEXCEPT?

4.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,whatcanbeinferredaboutbloodtransfusedtoinfantsandnewborns?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthepassage?

問題1選項

A.Everymonth

B.Everytwomonths

C.Everythreemonths

D.Everyyear

問題2選項

A.Thefirstsentence

B.Thesecondsentence

C.Thethirdsentence

D.Noneoftheabove

問題3選項

A.allergies

B.sensitivitytodonorleukocytes

C.red-cellincompatibility

D.airbubblesintheblood

問題4選項

A.Itisasrigorouslytestedasbloodforadults

B.Itistreatedwithradiantenergy

C.Itisnottreateddifferentlyfromadults

D.Itisnotdangerousforchildren

問題5選項

A.Transfusingbloodisadangerousprocess

B.Freezingblooddestroysplatelets

C.Clottingcannotbeprevented

D.Storingbloodbenefitsmankind

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句話提到的內(nèi)容Peoplecandonateblood(forredbloodcells)aboutonceeverytwomonths可知選項B符合題意。

2.判斷推理題。第二段第一句話提到把獻(xiàn)血的血液輸血給接受者很簡單。第二句話提到通過皮下注射器從獻(xiàn)血者手臂的靜脈中抽取血液。第三句話提到檸檬酸鈉可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句話講述了如何防止血液凝固，選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段前三句話，可以排除A、B、C三個選項，因此選項D符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句話提到當(dāng)接受者是新生兒或嬰兒時，通常對血液進(jìn)行輻射處理以消除有害的毒素（Whentherecipientisanewbornoraninfant,thebloodisusuallyirradiatedtoeliminateharmfulclement），由此可知選項B符合題意。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第六段最后一句話提到長期儲存血液的能力對人類健康大有裨益（Theabilitytostorebloodforlongperiodshasbeenaboontohumanhealth），因此選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Heattendstothe（

）ofimportantbusinesshimself.

問題1選項

A.transaction

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。transaction“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”；transition“過渡，轉(zhuǎn)變”；transmission“傳送，播送”；transformation“轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：他親自參與重要的商務(wù)會議。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Excellentelementaryschools,openattitudestowardnewtechnology,premiumsforinventions,andageniusforcreativethinkinginteractwitheachotherontheUSmainlandandproducetheAmericancharacteristic,（）.

問題1選項

A.emanation

B.emulsion

C.emulation

D.emancipation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項emanation“發(fā)出，散發(fā)”；B選項emulsion“乳劑；乳液”；C選項emulation“仿真；效仿；競爭”；D選項emancipation“解放；釋放”。句意：在美國本土，優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育、對新技術(shù)的開放態(tài)度、對發(fā)明的獎勵，以及空間思維天賦相互作用，造就了美國人的特征——競爭。因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

She’salwaysbeenkindtome—Ican’tjustturn（）onhernowthatsheneedsmyhelp.

問題1選項

A.myback

B.myhead

C.myeye

D.myshoulder

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。turnone’sbackon為固定搭配，意為“不理會……，不肯給予……幫助”。句意：句意：她對我一直很好，現(xiàn)在她需要我的幫助，我不能不管。由搭配和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

7.單選題

Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandorexpresstheemotionthatit（

）inhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewaytoaworldthatliesbeyond.

問題1選項

A.reflects

B.retains

C.radiates

D.rouses

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項reflect“反射（光、熱、聲或影像）”；B選項retain“保持”；C選項radiate“輻射，發(fā)射”；D選項rouse“喚醒，激起（某種情感）”。句中的it指代前面的sunset，根據(jù)語境，可知選D，表示“theemotionthatitrouses（日落激起的情感）”。句意：一個年輕人看到日落，無法理解或表達(dá)它在他心中激起的情感，他得出結(jié)論，日落想必是通往遙遠(yuǎn)世界的大門。

8.單選題

Icouldn’tbepresentmyself,butIsentmy（）tothemeeting.

問題1選項

A.delegate

B.specimen

C.representative

D.representation

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我本人不能親自出席，可我派了代表出席會議。

考查名詞辨析。Delegate代表，代表團(tuán)成員，指委派到別處代某一機(jī)構(gòu)或某（些）人行事的人；specimen樣本，抽樣；representative代表，代銷人，詞義較廣，可指選舉或委派的代表，還可表示某一種人的代表人物；representation表現(xiàn)，陳述。根據(jù)前半句句意可知C符合句意。

9.單選題

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th_______thebirthofJesusChrist.

問題1選項

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】inaccordancewith根據(jù);intermsof就...而言,關(guān)于;infavorof支持,贊同;inhonorof為慶祝,向...致敬。句意：圣誕節(jié)是基督教的一個神圣的日子,通常在12月25日慶祝耶穌基督的誕生。選項D符合句意。

10.單選題

His（

）directionsconfusedus；wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.

問題1選項

A.ambiguous

B.complicated

C.arbitrary

D.intricate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ambiguous“模糊不清的”；complicated“復(fù)雜的”；arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，專制的”；intricate“復(fù)雜的，錯綜的”。他模糊不清的指導(dǎo)使我們困惑，我們不知道該走哪條路。選項A符合題意。

11.單選題

Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcan（

）thecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily.

問題1選項

A.dealwith

B.takeon

C.seekout

D.escapefrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項dealwith“涉及，處理”；B選項takeon“呈現(xiàn)，顯出（新面貌或新特點）”；C選項seekout“搜出，找出”；D選項escapefrom“逃脫”。從句“thatcan______thecolorofitssurroundings”中的空格處應(yīng)填入一個謂語動詞，其賓語為color，故B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：變色龍是一種爬行動物，它可以呈現(xiàn)周圍環(huán)境的顏色，因此不容易被看見。

12.單選題

Themiserwillnotdonateanymoneytocharitybecauseheis（）.

問題1選項

A.greedy

B.thrifty

C.stingy

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意：這位吝嗇鬼是不會捐一點錢的,因為他

。greedy貪婪的；thrifty節(jié)儉的；stingy吝嗇的；careful謹(jǐn)慎的。故選C。

13.單選題

Thepresidentmadea（

）speechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.

問題1選項

A.vigorous

B.tedious

C.flat

D.harsh

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。vigorous“充滿活力的，精力充沛的”;tedious“冗長的，單調(diào)乏味的”；flat“平淡的，平坦的”；harsh“嚴(yán)酷的，惡劣的”。句意：校長在運動會的開幕式上做了慷慨激昂的演講，這極大地鼓舞了運動員們。根據(jù)下文which從句的內(nèi)容可知這個演講是慷慨激昂的，故A項符合題意，答案選A。

14.翻譯題

6.Insteadofbeingapproachedbyhumanpersonnel,thebankfoyerisstaffedbyarobot,whichservesasthebanklobbymanager,andisabletocommunicatewithcustomerstomeettheirneedsandsolvetheirproblems.Thedifferencebetweenatraditionalself-servicebankandtheunmannedbankistheintelligentself-serviceequipmentwhichisabletoaccessvariousbankingserviceswithinthebranch.

【答案】【參考譯文】

6.在銀行大廳迎客的不是人類員工，而是作為銀行大堂經(jīng)理配備的一個機(jī)器人，它能與客戶交流互動以滿足其需要并解決其問題。傳統(tǒng)的自助銀行和無人銀行之間的區(qū)別在于智能自助服務(wù)設(shè)備，它能夠訪問分支機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)的各種銀行服務(wù)。

15.單選題

Analystshavehadtheirgoathumor,andIhavereadsomeofthisinterpretativeliterature,butwithoutbeinggreatlyinstructed.Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind.

InanewsreeltheatretheotherdayIsawapictureofamanwhohaddevelopedthesoapbubbletoahigherpointthanithadeverbeforereached.HehadbecametheacesoapbubbleblowerofAmerica,hadperfectedthebusinessofblowingbubbles,refinedit,doubledit,squaredit,andhadevenworkedhimselfupintoaconvenientlather.Theeffectwasnotpretty.Someofthebubblesweretoobigtobebeautiful,andtheblowerwasalwaysjumpingintothemoroutofthem,orplayingsomesortofunattractivetrickwiththem.Itwas,ifanything,aratherrepulsivesight.Humorisalittlelikethat:itwon’tstandmuchblowingup,anditwon’tstandmuchpoking.Ithasacertainfragility,anevasiveness,whichonehadbestrespect.Essentially,itisacompletemystery.Ahumanframeconvulsedwithlaughter,andthelaughterbecominghystericalanduncontrollable,isasfaroutofbalanceasoneshakenwiththehiccoughsorinthethroesofasneezingfit.

Oneofthethingscommonlysaidabouthumoristsisthattheyarereallyverysadpeople—clownwithabreakingheart.Thereissometruthinit,butitisbadlystated.Itwouldbemoreaccurate,Ithink,tosaythatthereisadeepveinofmelancholyrunningthrougheveryone’slifeandthatthehumorist,perhapsmoresensibleofitthansomeothers,compensatesforitactivelyandpositively.Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay.Theystrugglealongwithagoodwillandendurepaincheerfully,knowinghowwellitwillservetheminthesweetbyandby.Youfindthemwrestlingwithforeignlanguages,fightingfoldingironingboardsandswollendrainpipes,sufferingtheterriblediscomfortoftightboots(orasJoshBillingwittilycalledthem,“tite”boots).Theypourouttheirsorrowsprofitably，inaformthatisnotquitefictionnorquitefacteither.Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe.

1.Thecentralthemeofthisessayis:（）

2.ThemainideaofParagraph2is:（）

3.Whydoestheauthorfeelthatwhenhumorisdissected,itdiesintheprocess?（）

4.Theword“melancholy”inParagraph3probablymeans（）.

5.Inhisfinalsentence,theauthorisevokinganimageof（）.

問題1選項

A.Thereislittlehumorinoldnewsreel.

B.Humorcanbedissectedlikeafrog.

C.Humorisessentiallyamystery,andbecausehumoristsaremoreawareofmelancholy,theyseemsadderthanmostpeople.

D.Humoristsneedtocompensateforthepaintheyhavesuffered.

問題2選項

A.Theauthoroncesawapictureofthelargestsoapbubbleevermade.

B.Thebubbleblowingperformancewasarepulsivesight.

C.Humorisfragile.

D.Laughterisnotameasureofhumor.

問題3選項

A.Thefuninhumorliesinexaminingitscontents.

B.Humormusttantalizethesensesonimpact—ifithastobeexplained,itlosesitseffect.

C.Humorisbestenjoyedbypeoplewithscientificminds.

D.Agoodhumoristshouldexplainhisorherjoketomakesureeveryoneunderstandsit.

問題4選項

A.joy

B.sadness

C.hysteria

D.exhilaration

問題5選項

A.theocean

B.sparklinggerms

C.hightide

D.flowingwater

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:作者認(rèn)為幽默是生活中的一部分。文章第一段提到了分析師分析幽默的行為。第二段舉了吹肥皂泡的例子，引出幽默的本質(zhì)。最后一段作者提到幽默家并不是真正的快樂。選項C符合題意。

第2題:文章第二段以吹肥皂泡表演開始，接下來提到humorisalittlelikethat,幽默與吹肥皂泡相似：脆弱而又飄忽不定。作者還認(rèn)為幽默就是一個謎（Essentially,itisacompletemystery）。選項C符合題意。

第3題:文章第一段最后一句話提到Humorcanbedissected,asafrogcan,butthethingdiesintheprocessandtheinnardsarediscouragingtoanybutthepurescientificmind，意思就是經(jīng)過剖析后的幽默除了純科學(xué)頭腦，其他人只會變得沮喪。也就是說經(jīng)過剖析后的幽默斷然無存。選項B符合題意。

第4題:題干出現(xiàn)在文章第三段第三句話，后面提到幽默家是靠煩惱致富的，他們能夠從煩惱中獲得補(bǔ)償（Humoristsfattenontrouble.Theyhavealwaysmadetroublepay）。因此melancholy這個詞應(yīng)該是表示消極意思的詞。選項B與trouble意思相近，所以符合題意。

第5題:文章最后一句Beneaththesparklingsurfaceofthesedilemmasflowsthestrongtideofhumanwoe“在光鮮亮麗的外表下，背后遭罪”，選項B符合題意。

16.單選題

Bysigningtheleasewemadea（

）topayarentof$200aweek.

問題1選項

A.conception

B.commission

C.commitment

D.confinement

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項conception“概念，設(shè)想”；B選項commission“委員會；傭金”；C選項commitment“承諾，保證”；D選項confinement“限制，監(jiān)禁”。句意：通過簽訂租約，我們承諾每周支付200美元的租金。選項C符合句意。

17.單選題

Whensuchturbulenceoccursintheattractorfieldsofconsciousness,itcreatesanemotionalupsetthatcontinuesuntilanewlevelof（）isestablished.

問題1選項

A.equilateral

B.equilibrium

C.equivocation

D.equivalence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和語法。根據(jù)空格前的介詞of，可知其后填入名詞作賓語，選項A可排除。equilibrium“均衡”；equivocation“模棱兩可的話”；equivalence“相等”。句意：當(dāng)這樣的動蕩發(fā)生在意識的引力場時，會造成情緒上的不安，一直會持續(xù)直到新的平衡建立起來。選項B符合題意。

18.單選題

Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas（）.

問題1選項

A.leaking

B.trickling

C.dripping

D.floating

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項leak“漏，(液體)滲入，(氣體)逸出”；B選項trickle“（液體)成小股流動，滴”；C選項drip“滴下，滴落”；D選項float“漂??；飄動”。句意：大雨過后，建筑工人被叫去修理漏水的屋頂。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

19.單選題

Leaveapieceoffreshfishlyingaroundforafewdaysinthewarmthofsummerandtrytoforgetaboutit.Youcan't!Withinadayorsoitstartstodecayandgivesofftheindescribablesmellonlyrottenfishcangiveoff.Pickpearsfromatreeandforgettoeatthemandsoonyourpearswillbe'sleepy',orover-ripeandmushy,anduselessforanypurpose.Thesearejusttwocommonexamplesoffoodspoilagethatmayoccur.

Fortunatelytodaythereareagreatmanywaysofpreservingfoodsthatenableustoenjoyallkindsofmeats,fruits,andvegetablesoutofseasonandfromothercountries.

Justhowandwhydofoodsspoil?Whydoesfishgorotten,butlerturnrancid,milksour,andpears"sleepy"?Basicallytherearetwomeansbywhichfoodspoilageoccurs.Oneisbythegrowthofmicro-organismsontheoutside,andtheotherisbychemicalchangesontheinside.Micro-organismssuchasyeasts,molds,andbacteriaarealwayspresentintheairaroundus.Theysettleonfoodand,iftheconditionsareright,begintobreakitdown.Someyeaststendtomakefoodferment.Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.Youhaveprobablyseenthegreenish-coloredmoldonbreadandoncheese.Itstartsastinywhitesporesandgrowsintoagreenishmass,onthesurfaceatfirstandthengraduallyrightthrough.Thefooddevelopsamustytaste.

Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.Butsomekindsofbacterialspoilagecanbedangerous.Certainbacteriaproducetoxinswhichcausefoodpoisoning.Theworstthingaboutthemisthattheymaybepresentevenwheretherearenooutwardsignsofdecay.Botulismisthemostdeadlyformoffoodpoisoningofthiskind.Itisalmostalwaysfatal.Butthetoxinsaredestroyedbycooking,asaremosttoxins.Chemicalspoilagemayoccurasaresultofseveralprocesses.Contactwiththeairoxidizesfoodssuchasbutterwhichcontainfatsandoils,andmakesthemrancid.Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.Theiraction,iflimited,isbeneficial.Forexample,theyactonmeatandmakeitmoretender.

Allmethodsoffoodpreservationaimtopreventthegrowthofanymicro-organisms,andpreventorarresttheactionofotheragentscausingdecay.Canning,bottlingandfreezingarethemostcommonmethodsoffoodpreservationtoday.Dryingandcuringaremethodsthathavebeenpracticedforcenturiesinoneformoranother,andtheyarestillveryimportant.Twoup-to-datemethodsuseradiationandantibiotics(especiallyforpoultry)tosterilizeandpreservefoodstuffs,buttheyarenotusedonanywherenearthesamescaleastheothermethods.Pasteurizationisanothermethodoftemporarypreservationusedformilk.

1.Theword"sleepy"inline4ofparagraph1mostprobablymeans（）.

2.Fromparagraph3,wecaninferthat（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,somesourandmustyfoodsare（）.

4.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

5.Theword“they”inline3ofparagraph4refersto（）.

6.Enzymesare（）.

7.AllofthefollowingarementionedaswaysoffoodpreservationmethodsEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.tiredandreadyforsleep

B.inactiveorslow-moving

C.beginningtospoil

D.beginningtosleep

問題2選項

A.foodsspoilsbecauseofchemicalchangesintheoutside

B.foodsgorottenbytwomeans

C.fishspoilsfasterthanpears

D.microorganismsoutsidefoodsareresponsibleforspoilageoffoods

問題3選項

A.beneficialtohumanbody

B.moldsandferments

C.poisons

D.astastyasthefreshones

問題4選項

A.WhyFishSpoil

B.BacteriaAreNotAlwaysHarmful

C.PasteurizationCanPreventFoodSpoilage

D.FoodPreservation

問題5選項

A.certainbacteria

B.toxins

C.outwardsigns

D.somekindsofbacterialofspoilage

問題6選項

A.harmfultohumanbeings

B.beneficialtoalllivingthings

C.uselesstohumanbeings

D.foundinalllivingthings

問題7選項

A.canningandbottling

B.freezinganddrying

C.usingradiationandantibiotics

D.pasteurizationandcooking

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)原文,這里是用來形容梨“sleepy”,首先排除選項A和D。根據(jù)下文的描述,這是食物變質(zhì)的兩個例子,所以“sleepy”指的是梨子變壞,選項C正確。

2.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知,選項A表述錯誤,食物變質(zhì)是內(nèi)部的化學(xué)變化而不是外部；選項B是原文內(nèi)容,不同推導(dǎo)出來,所以不正確；選項C在文中沒有提及；選D食物外面的微生物是食物變質(zhì)的原因,與原文相符,所以正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Theychangesugarintoalcohol,whichthenturnsintoacidmakingthefoodtastesour.Moldstendtogrowonmoistfoods.”它們把糖變成酒精,酒精又變成酸,從而導(dǎo)致食物變酸。霉菌就容易在潮濕的食物上生長。所以選項B正確。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Thesourandmustyfoodsarenotnecessarilyharmful.”可知選項C錯誤。

4.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容,本文首先提出食物變質(zhì)并分析原因,最后有提及關(guān)于食物保存的方法,所以選項D最能概括全文主旨。

5.根據(jù)原文句意：某些細(xì)菌會產(chǎn)生毒素,導(dǎo)致食物中毒。最糟糕的是,即使在沒有明顯腐爛跡象的地方,它們也可能存在。由此可知,“they”指代的是細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的毒素,即使是沒有明顯腐爛跡象的地方也是存在的。所以選項B正確。

6.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的倒數(shù)第二句“Substancescalledenzymes,whicharepresentinalllivingthings,areresponsibleforfoodspoilage,too.”可知,選項D與原文表述一致。

7.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,選項A,B,C均有提及,只有選項D沒有提及,所以本題選D。

20.翻譯題

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencouragingtheidlenessoftheidle.Themodernmanifestationofthisissupply-sideeconomics.Supply-sideeconomicsholdsthattherichintheUnitedStateshavenotbeenworkingbecausetheyhavetoolittleincome.So,bytakingmoneyfromthepoorandgivingittotherich,weincreaseeffortandstimulatetheeconomy.Canwereallybelievethatanyconsiderablenumberofthepoorpreferwelfaretoagoodjob?（3）

Orthatbusinesspeople—corporateexecutives,thekeyfiguresinourtime—areidlingawaytheirhoursbecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirpay?ThisisascandalouschargeagainsttheAmericanbusinessperson,notablyahardworker.Beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.

Thefourthdesignforgettingthepooroffourconscienceistopointtothepresumedadverseeffectonfreedomoftakingresponsibilityforthem.Freedomconsistsoftherighttospendamaximumofone’smoneybyone’sownchoice,andtoseeaminimumtakenandspentbythegovernment.(Again,expenditureonnationaldefenseisexcepted.)IntheenduringwordsofProfessorMiltonFriedman,peoplemustbe“freetochoose.”

Thisispossiblythemosttransparentofallofthedesigns;nomentionisordinarilymadeoftherelationofincometothefreedomofthepoor.(ProfessorFriedmanishereanexception;throughthenegativeincometax,hewouldassureeveryoneabasicincome.)（4）

Thereis,wecansurelyagree,noformofoppressionthatisquitesogreat,noconstructiononthoughtandeffortquitesocomprehensive,asthatwhichcomesfromhavingnomoneyatall.

（5）Thoughwehearmuchaboutthelimitationonthefreedomoftheaffluentwhentheirincomeisreducedthroughtaxes,wehearnothingoftheextraordinaryenhancementofthefreedomofthepoorfromhavingsomemoneyoftheirowntospend.Yetthelossoffreedomfromtaxationtotherichisasmallthingascomparedwiththegaininfreedomfromprovidingsomeincometotheimpoverished.Freedomwerightlycherish.Cherishingit,weshouldnotuseitasacoverfordenyingfreedomtothoseinneed.

【答案】1.當(dāng)然，他們找不到哪怕一點證據(jù)表明以上的傷害與失去政府援助給窮人造成的傷害有任何可比性。

2.第三個，也是與此密切相關(guān)的，旨在減輕我們對窮人的責(zé)任的設(shè)計，是公共援助措施對激勵產(chǎn)生不利影響的論點。

3.您真的相信我們這個時代的大人物們，比如說公司的法人或者總經(jīng)理，會因為賺的少而整日游手好閑，不思工作嗎？這是對美國商人，特別是努力工作的商人們的誹謗。信念可以是真理的仆從，也可以是便利的仆從。

4.無可爭辯的是，沒有任何一種對人的壓迫和對思想努力的束縛更甚于來自身無分文的壓迫和束縛。

5.我們常聽到當(dāng)富人抱怨他們的自由因征稅導(dǎo)致收入減少而受限，卻不曾聽到因為得到可花之錢而顯著提高了窮人的自由的消息。

21.單選題

Anefficientreaderhaslearnedfromexperiencethatamissedwordorideacanoftenbe（）fromwhatfollows.

問題1選項

A.signified

B.denoted

C.designated

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析A:signified“表示……的意思；意味；預(yù)示”；B:denoted“指代；預(yù)示；代表”；C:designated“指派；指定”；D:deduced“推論；推斷”。句意：有效率的讀者從經(jīng)驗中學(xué)到：漏掉的單詞或觀點通常能從下面的內(nèi)容中獲得。結(jié)合此處語境，D為正確答案。

22.單選題

Scarcelyhadtheysettlethemselvesintheirseatsinthetheater（

）thecurtainwentup.

問題1選項

A.than

B.when

C.before

D.as

【答案】B

【解析】考試固定搭配。scarcely...when...意為“一……就……，剛剛……就……”。

句意：他們剛坐在劇院的座位上，幕布就升起了。

23.單選題

Tomcomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages（

）fromthedictionary.

問題1選項

A.losing

B.lost

C.missing

D.missed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:湯姆向書商抱怨這本字典缺了幾頁。

語法題。考查后置定語。分析題干跟選項可知空格處為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語修飾severalpages,表示“丟失了的”。四個選項中,losing失敗的,使受損失的;lost失去的,喪失的,迷路的。這兩項一般不放在被修飾詞后作定語。Missing丟失的,下落不明的。Missed感到思念的。因此C符合句意。

24.單選題

Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesofferedbytheseprojects______thewillofthepoortohelpthemselvesandenablethemtoleadself-sufficientlives.

問題1選項

A.prolong

B.enforce

C.reinforce

D.inform

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A選項prolong“延長；拖延”；B選項enforce“實施，執(zhí)行；強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)制”；C選項reinforce“加強(qiáng)，加固；強(qiáng)化；補(bǔ)充”；D選項inform“通知；告訴；報告”。句意：這些項目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)……了窮人自助的意愿，使他們能夠過上自給自足的生活。根據(jù)Thematerialsupportandadvisoryservicesbytheseprojects（這些項目提供的物質(zhì)支持和咨詢服務(wù)）可推測這些項目對……來說是有利的，A選項不符合題意，可排除。B選項含貶義也可排除。D選項不符合題意，可排除。結(jié)合句意，C選項正確。

25.問答題

Iwouldadvise(A)younottopressthematter(B)toohardorbecomeconvincingthat(C)moneydoesnotmatter(D).

【答案】試題答案：C;becomeconvincedthat

【解析】考查固定句型。convince意為“使相信，說服”，一般用于convincesb.that...（使某人相信……），其被動結(jié)構(gòu)為：sb.beconvincedthat...本句為：you...becomeconvincedthat...

26.單選題

Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould（

）herlongeffort.

問題1選項

A.justify

B.estify

C.rectify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】justify證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)?有理由的，替……辯護(hù)；testify作證，證明，證實；rectify改正，精餾，整流；verify核實，查證。句意：在確信結(jié)果會證明她的長期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。選項A符合語境。

27.單選題

The（

）theyfeltforeachotherwasobvioustoeveryonewhosawthem.

問題1選項

A.affection

B.adherence

C.sensibility

D.sensitivity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項affection“喜愛；感情；感染；影響”；B選項adherence“堅持；依附；忠誠”；C選項sensibility“敏感性；識別力；感覺”；D選項sensitivity“敏感；敏感性；過敏”。句意：每一個看到他們的人都知道他們對彼此的……。綜合句意和選項可知，此處能讓人看出來的是對彼此的“感情”，A選項正確。

28.單選題

Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”O(jiān)nesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.

Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatopposedimmunizations;shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway-inhumanterm,notinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperationababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleSchoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequickt